Dabba mai tsananin son sha'awa ko mugu wanda ke ƙoƙarin kama shaggy zai iya haɗuwa da mummunan hukunci - kuma yunƙurin na iya ƙare cikin mummunan ciwo har ma da mutuwa. "Ya yi aiki", wannan dabbar da aka auna daga 0.5 zuwa 1 kg ta nuna hali da karfin gwiwa. Da farko, sai ya murguda dogon wando, da gaske ya sami kwatankwacin kwalliyar, yana nuna raunin fararen fata da fari. Idan mai zaluntar ya riga ya san waɗannan alamomin, da alama zai bar mummunan haɗarinsa. Idan ba haka ba, azaba tana jiransa, har ma da mutuwa daga guba mai ƙarfi.
Inda har ila yau ba a san mai cutar ba. Kawai kwanan nan, masanan ilmin Biritaniya, karkashin jagorancin Fritz Vollrath (Fritz Vollrath) suka tsara wannan batun, kuma binciken da suke yi bai zama da tsammani ba. Hamsters ba su samar da shi ta musamman da "gland mai guba", suna tattara shi - a cikin hanyar mafarautan Afirka, suna amfani da kibiyoyi masu guba da kiba don farautar babban dabba.
Da farko dai, masana kimiyya sun sami damar yin hakan, suna lura da halayen shaggy hamsters wadanda ake garkuwa dasu, don lura da yadda jijiyoyin suka gundure gurnani daga kwararar Abisiniya, itaciyar itace wacce kabilun Afirka suka santa sosai. Haushi da aka murƙushe, gauraye da yau da sanyin hamster, yana haɗuwa da cakuda tazara wanda dabbar ta yi amfani da shi wurin binciken. Wannan cakuda ya ƙunshi ouabain mai ban sha'awa, mai ƙarfafawa mai ƙarfi na ƙwayar zuciya, yawan shan ruwa wanda yakan haifar da bugun zuciya. Tare da taimakon ouabain, wanda aka ware daga wannan itace kamar ta hamsters, Aborigines na Gabashin Afirka da zarar sun fara neman wasa mafi girma, gami da giwaye.
Harshen mu ba shi da sauƙi: idan maƙiyi ya ciza shi, zai ɗauki cikakkiyar bakin gashi, kuma tare da su za a sami guba mai yawa, wanda, ya danganta da adadin, zai zama na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin. Har yanzu, mun san irin wannan misalin guda ɗaya - shinge, da allurai wanda kuma zai iya ɗaukar abubuwan ban mamaki da yawa ga mai tsokanar zalunci. Koyaya, guba da shaggy hamsters ke amfani da shi ta hanyar fasaha yana haifar da barazanar kai tsaye ga mai kai harin, wanda ke sa wannan ƙarar ta zama lamari na musamman.
A bayyane yake, shaggy hamsters sun sami nasarar samun wannan dabarar kariya tun da daɗewa. Yawancin bayanai game da tsarin aikinsu an daidaita dasu sosai don amfanin ouabain. Misali, tsarin jikinsu mai launin baƙi da fari a karkashin wani ƙaramin fitila sai ya zama da rikitarwa kuma yana da wani faifan waje da aka sanya shi da ramuka wanda bai fi ƙarancin cuku ba. Sakamakon haka, kowane gashi daidai yana ɗaukar abubuwan viscous daidai, gami da haɗuwa mai guba wanda hamster ke shirya ".
An tsara bayanai da yawa don baiwa hamster damar tsira daga cizo - saboda yayin da maharin ya fesa mayafin kuma ya sami barkonon tsohuwar guba, maƙarƙashiyar kanta tana tilastawa ta yadda za a iya shawo kan cutar ta jijiyoyinta. Don wannan, shaggy hamster yana da, musamman, fata mai laushi sosai idan aka kwatanta da dangi. Kuma, hakika, dabbar da kanta tayi haɓaka ga guba na acocanter, kuma yana da rigakafi ga aikin ouabain.
Af, muna gabatar da hankalinku game da gubobi goma na dabbobi masu guba, "Ramin Kashe mu".
Alamomin waje na hamza
Tsawon jikin mace na shaggy hamster shine 36 cm, wanda yafi girma fiye da girman girman maza wanda ya kai tsawon 26-30 cm.Haka girman jijiyoyi ya kai girman 590 zuwa 920.
Hannun gajeru ne idan aka kwatanta su da jiki. Tsawon wutsiya ya kasance daga 140 zuwa 175 mm. Hanyoyin shaggy suna da tsari na musamman na kwanyar. Strengtharfinta yana ƙaruwa da ƙarin ƙasusuwa a wasu yankuna. Irin wannan tsari ya zama dole kariya daga kai hari.
Shaggy hamster (Lophiomys imhausi).
An rufe shaggy hamsters da ulu na launin toka mai haske, baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, wanda akan sami kyakkyawan yanayin farin ratsi da aibobi. Gashin gashi yana da tsawo, mai yawa, mai laushi. A baya shine duhu mai duhu na gashi mai laushi. A gefe ɗaya tsiri mai haske. Lokacin da shaggy hamster ya ji haushi ko tsoro, gashi a bayan sa ya farka, yana bayyana fata da glandon a jikin bangarorin. A cikin wannan matsayin, mai shaggy hamster yayi kama da porcupine.
Tsarin glandular yana fitar da ƙarancin hayaki mai kama da sinadarai waɗanda skunks ke sakin su.
Irin wannan halin kariya a cikin yanayin shaggy yana bayyana kansa lokacin da mahara suka kai musu hari. An yi amfani da gabar gabar gaban an tattara abinci, sai kuma kafafun hawa dutse.
Wutsiyar gashi mai kimanin rabin tsawon jikin sa ne kuma ya kai tsawon 14-21.4 cm. Aanana auricles kewaye da gefuna fari. Idanun suna kanana.
Reararraki tare da yatsun haɓaka 4. An rufe su da ulu baƙi. A goshin hannu, yatsa 1 wani bangare yana adawa da wasu, wannan fasalin yana inganta aikin riƙewa.
Shaggy hamster yana zaune a cikin halittu iri daban-daban: gandun daji, busassun savannahs da bushe-hamada, jeji.
Wadannan rodents masu ban mamaki
Daya daga cikin mafi yawan
. iyalai masu ƙarfi - Mouse (Muridae), rarraba a duniya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da dabbobi masu ƙanƙan girma tare da murabus mai kaifi, dogon tsayi daga 5 zuwa 50 cm kuma ɗanɗana wutsiya har zuwa 45 cm. Babban jigon sune: linzamin kwamfuta, hamster, gerbil.
Mafi na kowa
Mice (Mus), zo daga gabashin hemisphere, yawancin jinsuna suna zaune a cikin gandun daji na tropics da subtropics. Wasu nau'ikan sun zama kwalliyar birni kuma sun rarrabu a duniya; an kawo beraye zuwa Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka da tsibirai masu yawa. Gidan linzamin kwamfuta (M. gidan kayan gargajiya)Yana sake haihuwa a cikin lokacin dumi, kuma a cikin mazaunin ɗan adam - shekara-shekara. Mice suna yin jima'i a watanni 1.5-3.Mus muslulus, A wasu wuraren ya bazu sosai cewa mutane kusan 200,000, ko mice 2 a kowace murabba'in mita, na iya zama a hectare ɗaya. mita.
Zauna a cikin babban zafi da ƙasa
Beraye kar ku daina mamakin masana halitta tare da abubuwan da suka kware da kuma kwarewar su. Suna rayuwa da kyau kuma suna farawa a firiji a zazzabi mai ƙarancin digiri 18-20, kuma a bayan saukar da tukunyar turɓaya, inda ake ci gaba da yin zafi a kusan digiri 40. Bera na iya rayuwa ba tare da ruwa ya fi na raƙumi ba.
Berayen jeji Kada ku yi gumi kuma kada ku sha wahala daga ƙarancin numfashi. Suna samun ruwa kamar haka: suna tattara tsaba, suna binne su cikin yashi don bushewa, sannan kuma suna amfani da waɗannan tsaba a matsayin soso don tattara danshi daga yanayin.
Makiyaya makiyaya sadarwa tare da juna a cikin harshe mai rikitarwa wanda ya haɗa da sunaye da fi'ili-yaren - ma'anar wanda ya bambanta da yankin da karnukan suka fito.
Matar Dabino don haka cikin girmamawa suke kare babiesa babiesan su har su ma su kori magabatan murabba'in daga gida a lokacin bazara da kuma bazara - duk da haka, a cikin hunturu, iyaye mata suna barin iyayen su kwana a gida tare da sauran dangin.
Yawan motsi na numfashi
. a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, ya dogara da girman dabbar, wanda ke ƙididdige matakai daban-daban. Yana (a cikin minti 1): a cikin doki - 8-16, a cikin bera baƙar fata - 15-25, a cikin dawakai - 25-40, a cikin bera - 100-150 (a cewar wasu hanyoyin 70-115 sau / min), a cikin linzamin kwamfuta - kimanin 200. Samun iska na huhu ba kawai yana samar da musayar gas ba, har ma yana da darajar thermoregulatory. Tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki, adadin numfashin yana ƙaruwa, kuma tare da shi adadin zafin da aka cire daga jiki yana ƙaruwa.
Mouse zuciya
An doke 320-780, a cikin babban bera 250-600 / min, yayin da a cikin mutane, bugun jini shine 60-80 beats a minti daya. Adadin zuciya a cikin sabon ɗan bera shine 81-241 / min.
Ji
An gano cewa berayen da aladu na Guinea suna jin sauti har zuwa 40 kHz. Don kwatantawa: iyakancewar ji na mutum shine 20 kHz.
Sau nawa suke molt
A cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, ana ganin canji na lokaci-lokaci a tsarin aski, ko molting,. A cikin wasu nau'in, yana faruwa sau biyu a shekara - a cikin kaka da bazara, irin wannan squirrelskuma anan ƙasa squirrels, groundhogs molt sau ɗaya a shekara, a cikin bazara da bazara.
A squirrels a kowace cm2 a kan kugu a cikin bazara akwai matsakaicin gashi na 4200, kuma a cikin hunturu - 8100.
Budewa a talabijin
Jirgin kifi Andean (Andes Fishing Mouse) an gano shi ta hanya mai ban dariya. Groupungiyar masana kimiyya daga Mamungiyar Mammal ta Burtaniya sun kalli fim ɗin talabijin daga rayuwar dabbobin daji na Andes, sun lura da linzamin kwamfuta a cikin ginin kuma, ba tare da sanin yanayin da ya saba da shi ba, ya sanar da gano sabon nau'in.
Dabbobin da suka fi tsada
Manoma sune yawancin kwari na aikin gona kuma suna lalata ɗumbin abinci na duniya na kimanin dala miliyan 43.
An tsara yawan jama'a da yawa
Wasu nau'ikan rodents (squirrels lemmings) a wasu shekaru saboda yawaitar dabbobi saboda haihuwa, rashin abinci, da sauransu. talakawa suka fitar da waje da iyaka suka mutu.
Bukatar bacci
... rodents daban-daban suna da daban-daban. Don haka misali linzamin jarirai yana yin ƙasa da sa'a ɗaya a rana, alade Guinea - karfe 7 a dare, bera da linzamin kwamfuta - awa 13 da rana, squirrel da hamster - Awanni 14 na yamma.
Kakannin berayen zamani sunada girman dabbaka kuma suna da babban wutsiya
Rayuwa shekaru miliyan 8 da suka gabata, ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta yana da herbivorous kuma yayi kama da alade Guinea, amma babban ne mai dogayen wutsiya, wanda ya taimaka wajen daidaita shi a ƙafafunsa na baya. Hakorarsa suna girma ci gaba. An sake gano ragowar dabbar a cikin 2000 a daya daga cikin fadadden ruwa na Venezuela. Rodan sanda mafi girma a duniya, a cewarsa, nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 700, kuma ya kai tsawon mil 2,5 (ban da jela). Sakamakon wannan babban nauyi, sanda ya kasance yana tsaye a tsaye, kuma ba ya “lanƙwasa” ba, kamar hamsters, bera da aladu na zamani. Daga nesa, megacrys yayi kama da buffalo.
Bera prehistoric ya ci ciyawa da yawa don ya dace, an rufe shi da ɗan gajeren fur, shugaban ƙoshin lafiya ya yi kyau, kuma babban wutsiyarsa ta taimaka masa ya tsaya kan kafafunsa na baya don lura da yanayin dabbobin da ke cin abinci. Akwai wani wanda ya farauta a kan ƙugiyar, yayin da manya-manyan kukan suke zaune a wurare guda, tsawonsu ya kai 10 m.
Mafi kusancin "dangi" na zamani na Phoberomys pattersoni shine Pakarana - mai saurin motsi mai rai wanda ke zaune a cikin gandun daji na Amazon, wanda, idan majibcin ci bai ci shi ba kafin lokacin, zai iya kaiwa nauyin kilo 15.
Babban rodents
Mafi girma daga cikin tsaran zamani shine capybara, ko masarautu (Hydrocheoerus), zaune a cikin koguna da kuma tabkuna na Tsakiya da Ta Kudu Amurka. Ya kai tsawon 1 m 30 cm da nauyin 60 kg.
Berayen-sira
Sojojin Isra'ila, wadanda ke a garin Hebron, da ke kudu maso yammacin Kogin Yamma, a yanzu dole ne su sake fuskantar wani abokin gaba - berayen. Wadannan sandunan sun kai girman cat, saboda haka ana kiran su "berayen berayen"Sun riga sun ciji sojojin Isra'ila 3, in ji jaridar Maariv. Suna da ban tsoro, kuma kuliyoyi ba sa yin barazanar farautar su.
A kudu da Kyrgyzstan, an yi ƙara yawan yawan adadin nau'in halittun da ba a sani ba berayen. Wadannan dabbobin zasu iya hawa bishiyoyi kuma kusan ba sa saurin kamuwa da guba ta musamman. Wannan nau'in bera an gasa shi a ɗayan ɗayan lardin na Uzbekistan, inda mai shayarwa na gida ya ƙetare ɗan bera tare da muskrat don samun sabon nau'in dabba.
Gophers suna magana da macizai tare da haskoki na infrared.
Rattlesnakes abokin gaba ne na masu goge-goge, yawanci yakan kame yara .. Macizai suna neman ganima da zafin rana, wanda gabobin musamman suke hango daga cikin hadarin. Masu tafiya suna amfani da wannan hankalin don isar da saƙo ga macizai a cikin harshen da zasu iya fahimta. Masana haushin California sun fuskance su da zafin rai, masu zane a California suna ta da wutsiyoyi don gargadi maciji game da wani abin da ya faru. Wannan ne karo na farko da dabbobi ke sane da siginar ta hanyar amfani da hasken wuta ko zafi. Abun sarakuna suna jefa yashi kuma suna birgima da wutsiyarsu don tsoratar da maharbin .. Siginar zafi yakamata ya jan hankalin macizai daga wasu kananan yara marassa karfi, masana kimiyya suka yi imani, ko kuma kawai nuna alama ce ta gaban manya.
Yayinda masu tafiya ke barazanar juyawa wutsiyarsu gaba da baya, fizgar wutsiyar su tayi zafi sosai. Wannan sun cimma ne ta hanyar tilasta gashi a kan goshin, saboda wanda yawancin fatar fata ya zama a bayyane, hakanan zai yiwu cewa wutsiyoyin jininsu na haɓaka. Abu mafi kayatarwa shi ne cewa wutikan go goron baiyi zafi a gaban wani nau'in maciji ba, wanda bashi da gabobin musamman don jin zafin zafin rana. Wannan yana nufin cewa masu goffa na iya bambancewa tsakanin magabatansu daban kuma su yi daidai gwargwado.
Carnivorous mice
Beaver (Castor fiber) Wannan dabba ce babba mai tsayi, tana kaiwa kilogram 30 na nauyi. Daidai ne ana la'akari da shi daya daga cikin manyan wakilan wakilai na tsaurara hukunci. Yanzu a Rasha lambar ta kusan mutane dubu 100,000.
Beaver tsefe
Gajeru, ƙaƙƙarfan kafafu mai kafaɗɗun sanye da ruɓaɓɓen ruwa. Hannun dabbobin sunada kyau sosai - manya-manyan, mara nauyi da mai dafi. An goge kambori a yatsun kafa na biyu na hind hw Wannan "tsefe" beaver ne wanda sandar ke shirya mahimmin lamuran sa, a hankali yana shafawa a hankali.
Karamin linzamin kwamfuta
Daya daga cikin kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa - Motar jariri (Mus minutus)), yafi ƙarancin linzamin kwamfuta na gida, ya zama ruwan dare a Turai da Siberiya, a cikin filaye, gandun daji da lambuna. Ana iya ɗauka mafi ƙarancin sandent.
Mice suna da noses guda biyu
Pheromones yana taimaka wa mice su nemi abokin tarawa. Mice, lokacin da suke son yin aure, suna amfani da ƙima mai mahimmanci amma ba tsammani ba - hanci na biyu wanda ke ƙayyade jinsi, matsayin abokin tarayya, da kuma ma'anar soyayya. Hanci na biyu (gabobin mara nauyi) wani karamin abu ne wanda yake kama da harshen, wanda yake a saman hanci na yau da kullun. Neurons na hanci na biyu ta hanyar pheromones yana ƙayyade jima'i da halittar wani linzamin kwamfuta.
Squasaren Kaida (Sciurus vulgaris) shine rukuni na 50 na endoparasites, wanda 4 nau'ikan coccidia, nau'ikan flukes 2, nau'ikan tsiro 15, gungun 26 na nematodes da 3 nau'ikan crests.
Kamshin cakulan yana jan hankalin mutanemice fiye da cuku ko vanillin. Sabili da haka, an yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar filastik na musamman wanda ƙanshi kamar cakulan.
Siffofin hangen nesa
An gano berayen basu da cikakkiyar rigakafi ga launuka, ana kiranta makanta launi, bera yana ganin tabarau da launin toka, baya da ma'ana ga jan haske, yana lura da motsi a nesa da 9 m.
Amma squirrel yana da baki da fari na gani, amma suna iya kallon gaba ba kawai, kamar mutane ba, har ma ga bangarorin.
Abubuwan da ba a sani ba
Ba ji tsoron faduwa
Lokacin da ya fado daga ginin mai hawa 5 bera ba ya karbar lalacewa.
Beraye na iya yin numfashi a karkashin ruwa tsawon minti biyu.
Kada ku nutsar da ruwa
Vityarfin yawancin allura porcupine (Hystrix) cike da iska, don haka dabbar ba ta nutsuwa lokacin da ta shiga ruwa.
Hakora masu hakora suna girma cikin rayuwa
A berayen babba incisors girma a cikin kudi of 5 3/4 inci / shekara, da ƙananan incisors girma a 4 1/2 inci / shekara.
Abubuwan hakora na hakora
. da sauri cikin sauri kuma, idan ba don ci gaban su na yau da kullun ba, dabba a cikin shekara ta biyu ko ta uku na rayuwa zata mutu da yunwar. Abubuwa biyu na porcupine incisors suna haɓaka na'urori don lalata sassan tsiro. Kamar yadda sauran rodents, enamel a gaban gaban abin ƙyamar yana da matukar wahala fiye da sauran haƙorin. Sabili da haka, lokacin aiki irin wannan haƙori yana daɗaɗawa koyaushe.
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su sun sa fata mai kauri
Manyan samfuran porcupines masu nauyi sun kai kilogiram 15. Lokacin da dabbar ta fusata, sai ta girgiza tare da dogayen wutsiya wutsiya, tana fitar da abin ban tsoro. Da yake kare kansa, zai iya huda tare da allura har ma da takalmin farin sabulu.
Muskrat tsananin tebur
A muskrat ban da wuraren zama, akwai kuma teburin ciyarwa.Su ne ƙananan dandamali na kwari na ciyayi na bakin teku waɗanda muskrats ke ciyar da su.
Rayuwar zamantakewa ta beraye
Beraye, kamar zakuna, suna da “girman kai,” amma an rarraba nauyin da ke wuyansu kamar na ƙudan zuma. Akwai ma masu gadi da kamikazes waɗanda suke bincika ko haɗarin mutane “sun faɗi” gaskiya ne. Misali, karancin abinci, “kwatsam” a wani wurin da babu kowa. Idan binciken na shakkun shugaba ne, to sai an aika da ɗan akuya don dubawa, kamar yadda yake. Kuma suna kallon abin da zai same ta bayan ta ci abinci. Idan mai daci ba shi da lafiya, sauran yan’uwansa maza basa barin sa a kayan aikin nasu, sai dai a hada shi a ruwa a sanya shi (har da tilas!) Sha da sha har sai an tsaftace jikin nan da nan. Ratan itacen ɗanɗano mai guba ya tashe shi a gaban dangi, kuma suna jan mai haƙuri daga ruwa zuwa rami inda zaku kwanta.
Harshen kamikaze yayi saurin zuwa hatsari da wuri kuma ya bincika ya ga ko akwai ingantacciyar hanya don tsere ko ja da baya.
Tsoron sabon abu yana gajarta rayuwa
A berayen tare da phobia don baƙon abu bayan sabon ƙwarewa, matakin hormones mai damuwa yana da girma fiye da na takwarorinsu na jaruntaka, kuma suna mutuwa da ƙuruciya. Masana kimiyya sun zabi ɗan'uwan biyu: bayan sabon ƙwarewa, matakin damuwa na corticosterone na damuwa a cikin jini a cikin dabbobi masu tsoro sun sami 20% sama da na danginsu marasa tsoro. Neophobes ya rayu a matsakaita tsawon kwanaki 599, yayin da dabbobi masu karfin gaske suka rayu a matsakaita tsawon kwanaki 102.
Kiwo beraye da berayen
Paul McManus (Ostiraliya) shine mafi girma mai shayarwa. Wannan duka ya fara shekara daya da suka wuce, lokacin da ya fara siyan rodents don store as live food. Yanzu yana da dabbobi 5,000 a gona, kuma kowane mako dabbobin gidansa suna shigo da zuriya 500 - 1,000, wanda yake shirin kawo 4,000 - a mako. Berayensa sun fara daga farashi 60 zuwa $ 4 dangane da girman.
Da gaske bugawa
Berayen sun isa lokacin balaga a kwanaki 50-60, kuma a lokacin ya kai watanni 3-10. mace na rayayye ya kawo zuriya. Wannan na faruwa sau 1-2 (kasa da sau 3) a shekara. Ciki yakan kai kwanaki 21-23. Isarwa yana ɗaukar sa'a 1/5. A ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, biyu daga berayen na iya haɓaka yakai ƙafa 15,000 a shekara. A cikin zuriyar 8-10 (matsakaicin 22, ƙaramar 1) ƙwal.
Yawan rodents a cikin Yekaterinburg, babban birnin kasar Urals ya ninka har sau 8 sama da matsakaicin kasar.
Tsoron kamshin fitsari na cat
Don kawar da beraye da beraye, wani lokacin ƙanshin ƙanshin cat ya isa - a cikin beraye adadin canjin brood. Rashin jima'i tsakanin jarirai shima yana canzawa, karin maza sun bayyana (al'ada ta zama 52% maza, mata 48%). Dalilin yana cikin canje-canje na hormonal a cikin mahaifiyar, matakin progesterone da ke da alhakin ci gaba da ciki ya ragu sau uku.
Lokacin da rodents zaune a cikin maƙil cages
Lokacin da aka baiwa mata masu juna biyu fitsari na dangi dake zaune a cunkusoshi masu yawa don kamshi a jikin mahaifiyar, za a rage matakin progesterone da ke tabbatar da daukar ciki sau uku. Lokacin da berayen suna zaune a cikin keji, cunkoso yana haifar da tsokoki. Dabbobi suna rasa kashi 20% na nauyin jikinsu, kamar suna "cin kansu." A cikin yanayin yawa mai yawa a cikin yanayi, dabbobin sun fara daina abinci, wanda nan da nan ke shafar abun da ke cikin fitsari, wanda ke nuna cewa yana da kyau a jira don haihuwa.
Haife chinchillas
. sabanin sauran danginsa masu cin zina, da wuya kaɗan da kaɗan kaɗan. Wannan kuma yayi bayani game da babban farashin 'ya' kuya. Sau ɗaya a kowane watanni shida, mace na iya kawo ɗayan zuwa uku, ƙasa da sau huɗu zuwa biyar, jarirai.
Matsakaicin nauyin ɗan bera 6 g. Idanunsa a buɗe a ranar 14-17, incis incises a ranar 8, ya fara cin abinci mai ƙarfi a ranar 12, gashi girma yana farawa yana da shekaru 10, ya bar mahaifiyarsa a rana 21 tare da nauyin 45 g.
Rat madara abun da ke ciki:
13% mai, furotin 9.7%, 3.2% lactose.
An riga an haife shi da hakora da allura.,
. na ƙarshen, duk da haka, nan da nan bayan haihuwa har yanzu suna da taushi kuma kar ku cutar da uwarsu. Koyaya, a cikin rabin awa bayan haihuwar, allura sun sami taurin kai, da kuma a cikin ruwa - ƙarin damar rayuwa a wannan mawuyacin rayuwar a gare shi.
Kiwo beraye da berayen
Paul McManus (Ostiraliya) shine mafi girma mai shayarwa. Wannan duka ya fara shekara daya da suka wuce, lokacin da ya fara siyan rodents don store as live food. Yanzu yana da dabbobi 5,000 a gona, kuma kowane mako dabbobin gidansa suna shigo da zuriya 500 - 1,000, wanda yake shirin kawo 4,000 - a mako. Berayensa sun fara daga farashi 60 zuwa $ 4 dangane da girman.
Hijabi
Rodan ƙananan ƙwayoyin daji a cikin hibernate na daji lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi ƙasa da wani matakin, kuma yana da wuya a sami abinci. Dukkanin hanyoyin da ake dabbaka na dabba suna yin jinkirin zuwa kusan sifili, kuma ya zama cikakke. Misali, murabba'i na kwarara sau ɗari a minti daya zuwa biyar.
Yi gida
Maƙale galibi suna zama a cikin rami na rawunan katako, amma kuma suna iya gina nasu gida - Gayno. Wannan yanki ne mai sifofin zinare na rassan da aka lika tare da gansakuka da lasisin ciki. Akwai hanyoyin fita da yawa a cikin gida, saboda marten ba zai iya kama uwar fatar gida da mamaki ba. Gida na squirrel - Gayno - mafaka mai aminci daga sanyi. Don haka, a yanayin zafin jiki daga -4 zuwa -10 ° C, zazzabi a cikin gida daga +10 zuwa + 20 ° C
Don marmots tono ramuka
An sake yin aure a Kurschina ƙasa wani yunƙuri ne na karamar hukumar don kiyayewa da kiyaye dokar amfani da dabbobin wasa. Kwararrun Kursk sun sayi mutane ɗari da ɗari masu ƙarfi a cikin yankin Voronezh da ke makobtaka. An haƙa musamman don “sabbin mazaunan”.
Kwayoyin ba koyaushe suna barin ramuwar iyaye
. haka ma, har ma da yawan tsararrafan baranda na iya taruwa a cikin rami daya, saboda haka suna haifar da mulkin mallaka mai matukar wahala. Kayan kwalliya. galibi dabbobi masu motsawa ƙasa, suna haifar da rayuwa ta rayuwa. Suna zaune a hamada, savannahs, gandun daji.
Akwai tururi sama da gidan
Gidaje beavers na iya samun tsawo na 3-5 a cikin sanyi mai sanyi, tururi yana saman su - tabbataccen alama ce ta mazaunin gidaje.
Dam magina
'Yan Beavers galibi alder, aspen da Willow ana amfani dasu don madatsun ruwa: waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna yanka bishiyoyi na bakin ciki da guda takwas zuwa goma, kuma suna jure yanayin da ya fi kauri (12-15 cm a diamita) a cikin minti 3-4. Buga willow a cikin 1-1.5 girth for beavers shima ba matsala bane. Doyayen bishiya, wadannan sandunan suna aiki ne domin ya fada daidai. Sai dabbobin suyi gutsi-gunduwa kuma suka yanke gangar jikin gunduwa-gunduwa, waɗanda suke jan su zuwa wurin da zai kasance a nan gaba. Mai bea yakan tsinkaye wasu sassan itace tare da guntu karshen zuwa gindin, yayin da wasu suke karfafa su sosai a tsakanin su don kada yanzu ya dauke su. A lokaci guda, bea yana aiki da hakora biyu, paws, da kai. Don dogaro, rodents suna tallafawa madatsar ruwa daga bangarorin tare da shinge na musamman da kuma jirgi mai saukar ungulu. Dabbobin da ke aiki tuƙuru suna cukuɗe a cikin ginin tare da rassa, ɓoye, ganye da yumɓu, suna kawo wannan kayan zuwa wurin ginin a ƙafafun gaba.
Damisa mafi dadewa
Mafi dadewar sanannen tsarin biyun ya kai 700 m kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai har mai doki zai iya wucewa ta ciki. Dabba guda ba zata iya yin wannan ba, tana buƙatar mummunan haɗin gwiwa ba kawai na iyali ɗaya ba (za'a iya samun daya daga cikinsu a cikin tafki ɗaya), wani lokacin kuma ba na ƙarni ɗaya ba. Bayan duk wannan, dam ɗin yana da mahimmanci ba wai kawai don ginawa ba, har ma don kula da shi koyaushe: don sabuntawa, gyarawa, daidaita matakan ruwa. Tsayin Dam bai da wuya ya wuce 1.5 m, amma a cikin kwazazzabon Wyoming guda, masanan Amurkawa sun gano madatsar ruwa mai nisan mita shida tare da fadin murabba'in mita 10. Amma mafi girman mashahurin madatsar ruwan beaver da aka samu a jihar New Hampshire ta Amurka kusa da garin Berlin. Aƙalla dangin biyun 40 suka halarci ginin sa, kuma tsawon madatsar ruwan ya kai 1200 m!
Tsarin Daman Daman Beaver
ya dogara da fadi da zurfin tashohin tafki, saurin yanzu, ingancin kayan gini. Misali, a Arewacin Amurka, an san madatsar ruwa ta 652 a tsayin daka, a wuraren da tsayinsa yakai m 4.3 tare da fadi a gindin 7 da 1.5 m tare da dutsen.
Masana ilimin muhalli sun yanke shawarar samar da kwari a cikin manyan lambuna biyar a Moscow
Masana kimiyyar kula da lafiyar karkara sun yanke shawarar fitar da dabbobin a manyan lambuna biyar na birni. Kuma duk da cewa dabbobi masu laushi tuni sunada rayuwa a cikin gandun daji 38 na birni, amma yawan kurege na babban birni ya ragu sosai. A cewar masana, manyan makiyan 'yan tawayen su ne Raven-Muscovites, wadanda suke da yawa sosai a cikin gari: hakan ya faru da cewa wadannan mafarautan suna kai hari har ma da kuliyoyi. Idan squirrels ba zasu iya ɓoye kansu da yardar kansu ba, dole ne su ci gaba da zama a cikin jirgin sama.
Squirrels za su zauna a cikin Lambun Hermitage, Gorky Park, Filin yara Yara, da dama a Park’s Friend kusa da Kogin Kogin, kazalika a cikin Trubetskoy Estate a Khamovniki shakatawa - an shirya dabarun shida don zama a kowane shakatawa. Manya za su zauna a cikin keji, matasa ne kaɗai za su fito. Ga dukkan dangin squirrel, za a gina gidaje, za a koyar da kwararru don tabbatar da cewa suna da ƙoshin lafiya.
Ina so in san komai
Akwai haɗari da yawa a cikin yanayi. Wataƙila kun san wakilan masu guba da yawa na nau'ikan iri da iyalai. Anan ne lokaci daya nayi mamakin mamaki Tsuntsaye masu Dadi da Ilsarfafa Kwayoyi. Amma wannan ba ƙarshen bane.
A zahiri a shekara ta 2011, masanan halittu sun fara gano misalin tarin ƙwayar shuka ta dabbobin dabba. Kodayake dabbobi masu guba daga tsire-tsire sune sanannu a cikin yanayi, rodents wanda suka kware da irin wannan dabarar sunyi mamakin kwararru.
Gwarzon binciken, wanda gungun masana kimiyya daga Burtaniya, Kenya da Amurka suka yi, shi ne berayen Afirka mai suna (Lophiomys imhausi), wanda muke kira shaggy hamster.
Ina ba da shawara don ƙarin koyo game da shi.
Hoto na 2.
Wannan dabba tana zaune a gabashin Afirka. Masana ilimin halitta sun dade da zargin cewa guba ce. Da fari dai, saboda takamaiman launi: launuka masu haske da fari a maimakon rufe ido. Abu na biyu, cikin halayya: lokacin saduwa da maƙiyin, hamster yakan fitar da wari mara dadi daga glandon da ke gefenta, kuma yana tallata haɗarinsa ta hanyar ɗaga hancinsa. Kuma abu na uku, saboda lokuta na rashin lafiya da mutuwar karnuka bayan haɗuwa da wannan halitta.
Hoto na 3.
Koyaya, a baya an bayyana ra'ayin cewa dabba L. imhausi ita kanta tana haifar da guba mai kariya. Amma ya juya ya ciro daga itace - Abisiniyan Akokanters (Acokanthera schimperi). Abin lura ne cewa wasu mafarautan na Afirka suna amfani da wannan tushen guba ne don rigar dabarun kibiyoyin su.
Hoto na 4.
Masu bincike sun tabbatar da wannan lafazin ta hanyar samar da rassan acacanter da tushen zuwa berayen maned da aka kama. Rodents ya fara zagi da tauna a haushi (guje wa ganye da fruitsa fruitsan itaciya) da kuma shafa fari a garesu, in ji PhysOrg.com.
Binciken gashi na shaggy hamster a karkashin kwakwalwar madubin lantarki ya nuna cewa gashin kan bangarorin L. imhausi ya banbanta da tsarin sauran. Suna da karfi sosai da kuma cika su da pores, kamar soso ko wick, sabili da haka cikakke sha da riƙe da mummunar guba (cardenolide, analog na kusa da ouabain wanda zai iya kashe giwa). Wannan "kyautar" ya faɗi cikin faɗin kowane dabba wanda ke ƙoƙarin ɗanɗano ƙyamar shaggy.
Ana amfani da na'urar yin amfani da na'urar binciken lantarki ta lantarki da aka gani a kusa da bakin, cike da guba (a), da kuma microfibers a cikin gashin da aka wanke (b), yankin kusa da tushe (hoto na Jonathan Kingdon et al.).
Hoto na 5.
Ta yaya L. imhausi yake amfani da guba ba tare da yin lahani ba? Me yasa wannan hamster (ko bera, idan kun yi amfani da sunan yamma) ya sami gashin kansa mai ban mamaki yayin juyin halitta? Masana ilimin halitta ba za su iya amsa waɗannan tambayoyin ba tukuna.
(Ana iya samun cikakken bayani game da binciken a cikin labarin "Ayyukan ceedungiyar Royal Society B.)
Hoto na 6.
A cikin wannan nau'in, mace ta kai girma mafi girma (har zuwa 36 cm) idan aka kwatanta da maza (26-30 cm). Wutsiya tana kusan rabi. Bayyanar shaggy hamster tayi nisa da ra'ayin da aka saba da beraye da beraye. Lokacin farin ciki mai kauri da inuwa sun yi kyau kamar bakin launi. Babban launi yana duhu, launin ruwan kasa ko kusan baki tare da filayen haske da bugun jini. Har ila yau, wutsiya tana da furry. Yatsun yatsa hudu suna da kyau a kafafu. Earsan ƙananan kunnuwa suna ɗaure tare da fari. Makarfan yana kama da alade na Guinea (cavia) ko porcupine. A cikin tsoro, dabbar tana murƙushe hancin ta har ya zama kamar tanda. Hanyoyin shaggy sun zama ruwan dare a cikin dazuzzukan tuddai na Sudan, Somalia, Kenya da Habasha. An riƙe su a tsawon mil 1000-1500 a saman teku.
Jagoranci hanyar hawa hawa. Yunkurin dabbobi a cikin bishiyoyi basu da matsala sosai, amma sun sami damar gangara da gangar jikin har ma da kai kasa. Ana amfani da ranar a cikin mafaka, wanda yake a tsakanin duwatsun ko a cikin tushen voids. Suna ciyar da ganye da ganye, da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa. Yayin cin abinci, suna zaune a kan kafafunsu na baya, kuma suna ajiye abinci a gaba. Baya ga abincin da aka shuka, a wani lokaci, suma suna iya jin daɗin kajin ko lizard. Kusan babu bayani game da haifuwar wannan nau'in. Rarraban mutane na shaggy hamster sun zauna a cikin gidan dabbobi shekaru da yawa.
Wasu karin wakilai masu ban sha'awa game da fauna na duniyarmu: misali, karnukan makiyaya sun zama masu kisan kai kuma har yanzu akwai masu siyayyar Radiyo a ƙasar Norway. Waɗannan ƙayatattun abubuwa ne masu kyau, amma Hens tare da dinosaur paws. Shin kun san cewa akwai barewa mai kauri da maciji
Bayyanar
Rodarancin Afirka na nau'in sabon abu, mai kama, maimakon haka, porcupines. Siffar halayyar sa shaggy ne mai saƙar fata, tana gudana tare da tudun. Mace a cikin mazaunin shaggy sun kai girman girma (har zuwa 36 cm) idan aka kwatanta da maza (25.5-30 cm). Yawancin manya sunkai 590-920 g .. Wutsiya kusan take da ƙafaɗɗiya fiye da jiki - 14-21.5 cm, an rufe shi da dogon gashi mai kauri. Jiki yana da girma, m. Shugaban ya fitar da kwatankwacinsa misalin kwatancin Guinea ko alade. Idanun suna kanana. Earsan ƙaramin kunnuwa suna zagaye da fari. Yatsun yatsu 4 suna da haɓaka sosai a kan wata gabar jiki, Ni yatsan goshin hannu ya saba da sauran.
Abun gyaran gashi yana da girma, mai kauri da taushi, kawai tare da bayan akwai wani tsiri na gashi mai laushi, mai kirkirar nau'i. Lokacin da shaggy hamster ya firgita ko jin daɗi, mane a bayan sa ya tashi, yana bayyana wuraren glandular a ɓangarorin jikin. Launin gefen gefe yana duhu, launin ruwan kasa ko kusan baki tare da fulogen haske da ratsi. Launin gefen ventral gefe yana canzawa daga launin toka zuwa baki. Karamin haske na bakin ciki yana gudana tare da bangarorin. Rufin yawun baki ne. Wutsiyar baƙar fata ce da fararen goshi.
Rayuwa
Hanyoyin shaggy sun zama ruwan dare a cikin dazuzzukan tsaunukan gabashin Afirka - Sudan, Habasha, Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Burbushin abubuwa ya zama sananne daga Isra'ila. Ana kiyaye su a tsawon girman 1200-2700 m sama da matakin teku, kodayake, alal misali, a cikin Somaliya an san su dazuka a cikin gandun daji.
Rayuwar rayuwar mafi yawanci ce. Yunkurin waɗannan dabbobin a ƙasa da kan bishiyoyi ba masu rauni ba ne, amma suna iya sauko da gangar jikin har ma da kicin. Aiki da daddare, ciyar da rana cikin burrows, basal voids, a cikin maharan a tsakanin duwatsu. Yawancin lokaci ana kiyaye shi kadai, kodayake ana samun su cikin nau'i-nau'i da kuma gungun dangi daga mace da zuriyarta. Suna ciyar da ganyayyaki, asalinsu da shuka tsiro, da kuma asya fruitsyan itaciya. Yayin cin abinci, suna zaune a kan kafafunsu na baya, suna riƙe abincin gaba.
Kusan babu wani bayani game da yanayin halittar wannan nau'in. Matan suna kawo 2-3an 2-3 da tuni an rufe su da gashi.
Kariyar Predator
Hanyoyin shaggy suna da jinkirin yin jinkiri kuma suna rama shi kamar ƙwanƙwasawa - idan akwai haɗari, ana fitar da wari mai ƙoshin wari daga gland mai ƙanshi a gefunansu. A lokaci guda, suna ɗaga “hanjin” su, suna samun kwatankwacin kwalin. An kuma yi tunanin cewa asirin glandon mai shaggy hamster ya ƙunshi gubobi kuma yana da guba ga masu farauta. A gefe, tare da fur na tashi, launin ruwan kasa mai haske, baƙar fata da fararen buɗe buɗe, wanda, lokacin da ƙarar ke cikin kwanciyar hankali, an rufe da ulu mai launin shuɗi daga ruwan sama da haske.Ana zaton cewa wannan canza launi ba wai kawai ya gargaɗi maƙiyin haɗari ba, har ila yau, yana haifar da ƙima ta hanyar da ba ta da kariya, ta yadda idan maƙiyin har yanzu yana ƙoƙarin kama shi, to wannan wuri ne mai guba.
A cikin 2011, an nuna cewa mai shaggy hamster yana da gashi mai guba, wanda ke taimakawa kare shi daga masu hasara. Maimakon manyan kaddara (girman kare) sau da yawa sukan mutu bayan sun kai hari kan abin da ke lalata shaggy. Sai ya zama cewa shaggy hamster peels kashe itace haushi daga bishiyar Abisiniya Akokanter (Acokanthera shimperi), wanda ya ƙunshi glycosides mai guba, ciki har da ouabain - mai hana sodium-potassium ATPase, wanda a cikin ƙananan allurai yana motsa aikin zuciya, kuma a cikin adadi mai yawa na iya sa ya dakatar. Daga nan sai hamster ya fesa ulu a gefenta, tare da shafe shi da taunawa daga haushi. Ana cika gashi da guba na shuka. Gashi mai guba na hamstaccen hamster yana da sabon tsari. Fushinsu na waje an rufe shi da ramuka kuma yayi kama da shimfiɗar buɗewar furanni, an zazzage fibrous na ciki da sauri tare da dyes kuma, tabbas, guba na shuka. Marubutan aikin sun ba da shawarar cewa idan maharbi ya ciji hamster, yana samun gashi mai guba daga ɓangarorin jiki, kuma wannan na iya haifar da guba da mutuwa.
Measuresarin matakan kariya don shaggy hamster sun haɗa da ƙyallen kwanciyar hankali, kashin ƙarfi, da fata mai kauri da keɓaɓɓiyar fata don wakilin linzamin kwamfuta. Ba a yi nazarin yanayin shaggy hamster don aiwatar da ouabain ba.
Siffofin halayen shaggy hamster
A ƙasa da bishiyoyi ba su da tsufa, amma a wani lokaci sukan gangara da gangar jikin kwarin.
Ciyar da dare. Da rana, shaggy hamsters suna ɓoye cikin ɓoye, ramuka a ƙarƙashin tushen, a cikin ɓoye a ƙarƙashin duwatsun. Yawancin lokaci rodents suna zaune shi kaɗai. Commonarancin gama gari a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko a cikin gidan da mace ke jagoranci theasan.
Lokacin haɗuwa tare da abokan gaba, suna ɗaukaka rawar su a ƙarshen, suna ɗaukar kamannin porcupine.
Hanyoyin shaggy sune sandunan itace.
Mafi tsananin kariya shine wari mara dadi daga ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. M abu mai kaifi wanda aka toshe shi ta hanyar gland shine yake a jikin bangarorin a cikin fatar fatar. Tare da taimakon gashin gashi na musamman, asirin mai saurin yaduwa yayi saurin girgizawa kuma ya tsoratar da masu dabbobin. Bugu da kari, waɗannan abubuwa masu guba ne, saboda haka akwai maganganun karnukan masu guba bayan haɗiye naman alade. Akwai kuma wata hanyar da ƙwaƙwalwar jijiyoyi ke mayar da martani ga barazanar: masu hargitsi suna fara gudu da sauri, suna nuna hakoransu ga mai farautar. A lokacin haushi, suma suna kuwwa, kuka da kara.
Irin wannan halin halayyar na rama ga jinkirin shaggy hamsters da kubutar da dabbobi. Koyaya, tare da sauran nau'ikan jijiyoyi da madatsun ruwa, suna yin rayuwa cikin lumana.
Farfado da wani shaggy hamster
Akwai cikakkun bayanai game da yaduwar shaggy hamsters. An yi imani da cewa mace ta haifi biyu biyu ko uku. Sun bayyana da yawan gashi. Tsawon rayuwa shine shekaru 7.5.
Harshen shaggy na waje suna da kama sosai da tanko.
Ciyar da shaggy hamster
Dabbobin shaggy sune dabbobi masu kiba. Suna cin shootsa shootsan matasa, ganye, Tushen, 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries.
Suna ɗaukar abinci yayin da suke zaune a ƙarshen ƙafarsu, yayin da suke riƙe tayin da gaban, suna juya yatsunsu, sun gwammace ganyen dankalin turawa.
Wasu lokuta ana kama kajin da lizards. Shaggy hamsters ba sa shan ruwa sau da yawa, saboda ana samun danshi daga sassan m na tsire-tsire da suke ciyarwa.
Mai shaggy hamster zai iya kare kansa daga maharbanta.
Wannan kwayar na iya haifar da guba ga masu farautar wadanda ke cinye ta. Bayan mutuwar karnukan da suka kai hari ga masu karamin karfi, likitocin dabbobi daga jami'ar Oxford sun gano dalilin yin irin wannan karbuwa. Shaggy yana hana haushi na Akokanter na abyssinian, wanda kyallen takarda take cike da sinadarin ouabain mai guba.
Guba ya kasance cikin rukuni na glycosides na zuciya kuma yana iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin aikin zuciya. A cikin kananan allurai ana amfani dashi azaman magani. Kabilun yankin sun daɗe suna sane da kayan guba na acocanteri, kuma sun sami guba don kiba mai sa maye yayin farautar manyan dabbobi.
Yin amfani da guba shuka wani sabon abu ne wanda aka samu a cikin juyin halitta wanda ya nuna wata alama mai rauni.
Shaggy hamsters bayan peel da haushi, lasa ulu a bansu. Sashin gashi a ciki yana da ciki wanda hatsi yakeyi tare da ouabain din. Lokacin da aka kai hari, mai kare ma ba ya gudu a turba, sai ya zama cikin babbar barazana, ya kama bayan sa, yana nuna launin fari da fari.
Launin faɗakarwa yana nuna kayan kariya.
Amma idan maharbi ya kama wata sarkoki, ta fata mai kauri, wacce ke da wahala ta ciji, to isasshen guba daga gashin hamster ya shiga cikin bakin sa don cutar da makiyi.
A dabi'a, har yanzu akwai dabbobi masu irin wannan kariya ta halitta da ke da niyyar tsira daga jinsin, birai na capuchin ana shafe su da millipedes don kare kansu daga cizon sauro. Amma kawai shaggy hamster zai iya cutar da abokin gaba da guba. A yayin binciken, masanan kimiyya sun kama shaggy hamsters, daga cikinsu akwai mutane da alamomin ciji da aka rufe cikin rauni. Ba tare da wata shakka ba, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi suna kuma rigakafi ga ouabain.