Jinsuna: Citellus erythrogenys Brandt, 1841 = Gopher mai cike da tunani

Gopher-cheeked goge = Citellus (= Spermophilus) erythrogenys

Kyakkyawan wakilin wakilci na murabba'in ƙasa (tsayin jiki har zuwa 28 cm, wutsiya - har zuwa 6.5 cm). Sunan ya samo asali ne saboda kasancewar manyan launuka masu haske a karkashin idanunsa. Wani ɗan nono mai sanyi hunturu, mazaunin wuraren buɗe ciyawa. Tana zaune a cikin ciyawar tsuntsayen da suka tashi daga Irtysh zuwa Kuzbass, a arewa ta shiga cikin ciyawar da ke hade da gandun dazuka, a gabas - a cikin matatar gwaiwar Altai da Kuznetsk Alatau. Yana zaune a cikin mazauna, amma kowace dabba tana da rami daban da nata tsarin ƙasar. Burrows na wani gidan gopher na hali, tare da karkatacciyar hanya da madaidaiciyar wurare, har zuwa zurfin mita 3.5. Yana aiki a lokacin day. Yana ciyar da hatsi, ganye, wani lokacin kwari. Ganin hatsarin, ya zama shafi a rami kuma yana ba da babbar murya (a cikin mafi yawan jinsin - kumburi mai kaifi). Masu ba da labari, waɗanda a wannan lokacin suka yi nisa da mafaka, suka fara gudu cikin burushinsu, kuma tuni daga can suna ihu. Makiyayi mai barci ba zai iya tashi da sauri ba kuma yana da kariya gaba ɗaya ga maƙiyan da suka ratsa ta rami ta cikin tarko. A wannan yanayin, dabbar ta zama "naman gwangwani" don dabba mafi nasara. Tana fama da annoba kuma a wasu wurare shine babban dillali a yanayi. Yana cutar da amfanin gona.

Gidan kayan tarihin gidan Siberian (http://www.zooclub.ru/mouse/belich/25.shtml)

Gofer mai cike da tunani: Gofer na matsakaici. Tsayin jiki 235-260 mm, wutsiya 41-59 mm. Launi na baya yana daga launin ruwan kasa-ocher zuwa launin toka-ocher, tare da tsararren fuloti ko mottling. Saman kai shine launi iri ɗaya tare da baya. A bangarorin suna da launin shuɗi. A saman ido da kasa yana da manyan dunkule biyu-launin fari. Tail tare da raunanan rauni apical ko ba tare da shi kwata-kwata.

Aka rarraba shi a kudanci yammacin Siberiya, a Kazakhstan.

Mazaunin ƙauyuka da jeji, a arewa suna zuwa zuwa dazuzzukan kurmi, kudu maso gabas - zuwa tsaunin tuddai. Mafi yawan lokuta suna zaune akan wuraren kiwo, hanyoyi, budurwa kusa da amfanin gona har ma a cikin ƙasashe masu gishiri. A kan ƙasa arable da wuya.

Abincin shine yafi hatsi, fure, ganye, mai tushe.

Burrows suna da sauƙi a cikin tsari, amma in mun gwada da zurfi (har zuwa 350 cm). gida ne Ya sanya daga m, bushe ganye. Farkawa daga yanayin bacci a ƙarshen Maris zuwa Afrilu. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan, lokacin canjin yana farawa. Broan tsana ya na da ƙaranci bakwai zuwa tara. Hibernates a watan Agusta - farkon rabin Satumba.

Makiyayi mai ja-goro (Spermophilus erythrogenys)- Mazaunin bushewar hamada da jeji na gabashin Kazakhstan, kudu maso yammacin Siberiya, matsanancin arewa maso yammacin China. Yana da matukar kusan zuwa launin ruwan hoda, a yayin da ake samun daidaikun junan su. Dabba tana da sunanta alamomin alama mai kyau a kan kumatun, ga sauran alamu, tana da matsakaiciyar matsayi tsakanin ƙananan da masu launin shuɗi.

Wannan gopher idan aka kwatanta shi da mai launin ja ya fi kauna-bushe. A kudu na kewayon, yana sauka a cikin wani yanki mai tsananin kyau, kuma a arewa, inda sauyin yanayi ya fi gumi, yana daidaitawa da wuraren kiwo, hanyoyin shanu, tare da hanyoyin ruwa inda ake cinye ciyayi. Madaidaicin burrows ya shiga karkashin ƙasa fiye da mita 2, jimlar matsakaiciyar tafi har zuwa mita 4-5. A cikin yankuna na steppe, ja goccen gopher hibernates kawai don hunturu, kuma a kudu kuma akwai gopher bazara, a wasu yan shekaru musamman m, dabbobi basu bayyana daga burrows a kaka. Don haka, lokacin rayuwa a cikin wasu shekaru bai wuce watanni 3 na bazara da farkon lokacin bazara ba, waɗanda sun isa kawai don haifuwa da tarawar kitse don rashin isasshen gashi. Wannan gopher, a kan par tare da ƙanana, yana ɗayan manyan kwari na makiyaya da hatsi. Mai jigilar halitta na encephalitis mai ɗauke da cutar, toxoplasmosis da tularemia, da ƙasashen waje - annoba.

Alamun waje na goctor mai cike da jan hankali

Jigilar ƙasa mai launin shuɗi-itace ne mai matsakaici mai tsayi tare da wutsiya mai gajarta fiye da sauran nau'in halittu. Tsayin jiki 23.5-26.0 cm, wutsiya 4.1-5.9 cm.

Duhu mai launin shuɗi-mai launin toka-mai launin toka-mai-launin toka ya mamaye launi na saman kurar ƙasa mai cike da shuɗi, tare da rauni, duhu, mai dumbin yawa. Shugaban da ke saman bai banbanta da launi na wuya da na baya ba. A hanci, sautunan ocher-mai tsananin amo yakan bayyana. Fenti da tabo ido ana fentin su a cikin irin launi. Sautunan launuka masu tsami a ɓangarorin jiki da a ƙarshen jikinsu ba su da haɓaka ko ba su nan.

Darkarshen duhu na wutsiya yana da rauni kuma wutsiyar da ke sama itace mai ƙarancin abu ne. Girma lokacin furci yafi rauni fiye da na babban gopher.

Yaduwar masu tafi da jan-hankali

Ana samun gopher mai jan ido mai haske a kudu maso yammacin Siberiya daga Irtysh zuwa Kogin Tom, ƙafafun Altai da Kuznetsk Alatau. A Arewa, ba a rarraba nau'in da ya fi 55 ° arewa nesa. A kudanci ya isa yankin Karaganda a gabashin Kazakhstan, ya kama babban tsaunukan Caucasian.

Iranƙan ƙasa mai launin shuɗi (Spermophilus erythrogenys).

An san wurare dabam dabam a cikin Bedpak-Dala da kuma a cikin Dzungarian Ala-Tau a tsawan 1500-2100 mita sama da matakin teku. Hakanan ana samun go go mai launin shuɗi a cikin Mongolia (tsakanin Altai da Hangai) da kuma a cikin Xinjiang.

Red-kunci Gopher Habitats

Gopher mai cike da rudani yana zaune ne a sashin fukan ciyawar fuka-fukin tsuntsaye a cikin yankuna na hamada. A arewa, ya shiga cikin can mai kaifin baki daya da gandun daji-Alpen birch-aspen. A kudu ana samunsa tsakanin gandun daji na ƙwararren masarauta, yakan tashi zuwa tsaunin tsaunin zuwa tsawan mita 2100.

Gopher ya haƙa burrows a bayan yashi, baya guje wa gishirin ƙasa da hatsi.

Matsayi akan filayen budurwa, wuraren kiwo, tituna, kusa da albarkatu. A kan ƙasa arable da wuya.

Ana samun masu jan-goro masu launin shuɗi a kudu maso yammacin Siberiya - a cikin falo-hamada mai laushi da kuma busasshen ciyawar ciyawa.

Masu halayyar goitors a yanayi

Ba kamar squirrels ba, mazaunan gandun daji mai cike da duhu, ƙarami, nimble, mai kama da launi zuwa ƙasa mai bushewa, murabba'ai ƙasa sune misalin wani abu mai buɗewa ga hasken rana. Hakanan ana samun su a cikin ciyawar ciyawa, a cikin tsaunukan marasa itace, a gefen filayen. Sun fi son wuraren bude da bushe tare da ciyawa, inda ya fi sauƙi ga dabbobi masu hankali su lura da haɗarin cikin lokaci. Guji gandun daji, wuraren da aka rufe da ciyayi ko ciyawa, har ma da ciyayi. Don gidajensu suna ƙoƙarin zaɓar manyan wurare.

Gopher an san shi don al'ada ta tsayuwa a cikin akwati; wannan shine aikin bincike na musamman. Hoto ɗan goge ne wanda yake kula da kewayen.

Masu gogewa suna jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma, a mafi ƙarancin haɗari, suna ɓoye cikin ramuka waɗanda, kamar berayen da aka haife halitta, suna haƙa kansu. Wani lokaci zurfin ramin zai iya kaiwa mita uku, kuma tsawon sa ya kai mita 15! Sau da yawa akwai rassa da yawa a cikin burrows. A ƙarshen gidansu, dabbobin suna shirya kansu da wurin da za su huta daga ganye da bushe ciyawa.

Dabbobi suna zaune shi kaɗai ko a cikin yankuna. Kowane dattijo yana da rami daban da nasa ƙananan yankin.

A cikin bargo, makiyayin ya kwana kuma ya huta don ƙarin sa'o'i da yawa a cikin rana. Da safe, dabbar tana barin rami ne kawai lokacin da raɓa ta ƙafe. Tare da faɗuwar rana faɗuwar rana yakan tafi cikin rami domin dare.

Nora ta kasance a matsayin gopher da kuma mafaka daga abokan gaba, wanda sandar ya yawaita a cikin: shaho, gaggafa, macizai, lynxes, rakoons, coyotes, Wolves, foxes, badgers. Koyaya, wurare masu yawa na cikin ƙasa, taka tsantsan na ɗabi'a da kuma lalata, galibi suna ba ka damar barin masu bin ka da hanci. Amma popecat da bandage suna wakiltar babban haɗari ga dabba, wanda, godiya ga tsohuwar jikinsu da kunkuntar, na iya yin hanyar su kai tsaye cikin rami na rodent.

Kowane gopher ya san ramin sa da kyau, amma wani lokacin, yana tserewa daga abokan gaba, ƙwanƙwasa yakan yi sauri ya ɓoye a cikin rami baƙon. A wannan yanayin, maigidan ya nuna kishin gidansa: da farko ya hanzarta baƙon da ba a ba shi amsa ba tare da gabansa a fuska, kamar dai yana maƙaƙa a fuska, sannan ya fara zamewa baƙon don haka ya tilasta shi ja da baya. Koyaya, irin waɗannan tarurruka ba su da yawa.

Kamar yawancin rodents iri daya a bayyanar da hanyar rayuwa, rodents, a cikin abin da shahararrun sune marmots - mafi girma da kuma mafi yawan mazaunan steppes, da hamsters - ƙanana da fenti masu launin sashi na yanayin yanayin, go gorar lokacin hunturu cikin yanayin tsawan bacci ba tare da abinci da motsi ba, Yana kashe mai tun daga lokacin faduwar. A cikin ɓoye farashi, duk tafiyar matakai na rayuwa suna yin kasa da hankali: zuciya tana bugawa da sannu a hankali, numfashi ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma zafin jiki yana raguwa. Sai kawai da isowar zafi a bazara ne shudin ƙasa zai zama rayuwa ya ci abinci.

An yi imanin cewa barcin go gorar lokacin hutu shine mafi ƙarfi. Har za a iya fitar da dabbar daga cikin rami, a hankali kamar yadda kake so, kuma ba zai yi farkawa ba. A lokaci guda, masana kimiyyar Amurka sun gano cewa dabbar tana farkawa tare da raguwar yawan zafin jiki a cikin (zuwa -26 ° C).

Wasu nau'in kuma na iya yin hibernate a lokacin rani. Wannan na iya yiwuwa ne sabili da yanayin rashin ruwa a lokacin bazara, wanda ya haifar da tsananin rashin ciyawar ciyawar, kuma a sakamakon hakan, dabbobin basu isasshen isasshen abinci.

A karkashin yanayi na dabi'a, gopher da wuya yayi rayuwa sama da shekaru uku zuwa hudu.

Kiwo

Ya danganta da yanayin yanayin yanayi da nau'in halittu, masu tafiya suna farkawa daga yanayin rashin tsaro a watan Fabrairu, Maris ko Afrilu. Bayan dogon baccin hunturu, dabbobin sun yi asara mai yawa, suna da rauni, amma ba da jimawa ba suna tunanin haihuwar - sun fara tsere. A wannan lokacin, zaku iya ganin yadda mazan suka harzuka mata har suka yi faɗa da masu faɗa a ji. Cutar ciki a cikin mace na kimanin wata guda, a cikin zuriyar dabbobi akwai 'ya' ya yan biyu zuwa 12 (yawanci 6-8). An haifi jarirai tsirara da makafi kuma ana ciyar da su nono har tsawon watanni 1.5-2, kuma suna shirye don samun 'yancin kai har zuwa watanni uku.

Siffar halayen mai go goge mai jan ido

Gopher mai cike da rudani yana zaune a cikin yankuna, amma kowace dabba tana da rami daban da yankin kowane. Buraƙƙarfan rairayi masu sauƙi ne: tare da karkatattun sassa da madaidaiciyar wurare, amma in mun gwada da zurfi - 3.50 m. Go go mai jan-goran yana shirya gida daga ganye bushe. Ganin hatsarin, dabba daskarewa a cikin shafi a rami kuma yana fitar da kaifi mai kaifi - kararrawa. Go goro, waɗanda a wannan lokacin nesa da matattararsu, da farko sun gudu zuwa mafakansu, daga can kuma suna nuna haɗari.

Bayan rashin isasshen dabbobi, dabbobin suna zama mara nauyi kuma basa iya tashi da sauri. A cikin wannan halin, suna da cikakkiyar kariya daga abokan gaba waɗanda suka kutsa cikin mahaukata ta cikin ƙasa.

A wannan yanayin, makiyayin ya zama ganima ga mai cin nasara.

Lokaci na canje-canje na lokaci-lokaci a cikin rayuwar rayuwa na squirrel ƙasa mai cike da jan hankali ya sha bamban sosai a yankuna daban-daban. A cikin hamada, zasu iya canzawa zuwa kwanaki 15-20, gwargwadon yanayin damina na shekara. A lokacin zafi, mai goge mai jan-ja ya faɗi cikin ƙarancin bazara, yana juyawa zuwa mafarkin hunturu. Rodents hibernate a watan Agusta - farkon rabin Satumba.

Rodwanin da ke cike da jan ido yana aiki da rana.

Red-kunci Gopher Cin abinci

Abincin abinci na mai squirrel mai launin shuɗi ya zama mai hatsi, furanni, ganye, mai tushe, tsaba. Rabon abincin dabbobi ba shi da yawa.

Firam ɗin da ke da fuska mai launin ja zaune a cikin mazauna.

Peungiyoyin masu goge ja-goran ja:

1) Spermophilus erythrogenys erythrogenys Brandt - mai goge launi mai duhu mai duhu, mai goge doguwa mai tsayi tare da yanayin da za'a iya gani a baya da kuma bakin duhu na wutsiya. Yana zaune daga Irtysh zuwa iyakar iyaka na yankin.
2) C. e. Intermedlus Brandt - mai launi mai haske da kuma rawaya, tsarin motsled mara laushi. Kasancewa da tsaunukan Kazakh.
3) C. e. Brevicauda Brandt - ƙaramin ɗan sandar har ma da ƙarin launuka masu haske da gajere. Tana zaune a yankin Kazakhstan na Gabas, Semipalatinsk da Taldy-Kurgan na Kazakhstan.
4) C. e. Iliensis Bcljaev - launi mai haske ne, yumbu mai-yumɓu, da aka sani daga wurare da yawa a gefen hagu na kogin. Ko. Duk siffofin da suka gabata suna da alaƙa da Sinawa na kasar Sin. Carruthersi Thomas.

Tasirin tattalin arziki na mai goge mai jan-goranci

Go go mai jan-goranci yana lalata amfanin gona. Kifi karami ne. Mai ɗaukar motsi ne na cututtukan haɗari: annoba, tularemia, kuma a wasu wurare shi ne babban daskararru a cikin yanayi.

Gofer wani kwaro ne na amfanin gona na hatsi, amfanin gona da sunflower.

Za'a iya kiyaye masu gogewar jajaye a zaman talala. Don sandent, an zaɓi ƙaramin matsakaici Zai fi kyau a ajiye ma'aurata a cikin rufin tare da girman aƙalla 1x1 m. Ana sanya shinge a ciki: gidaje, akwatuna, gungumen bututu, da yankan itace don niƙa, masu gundura tare da ruwa mai tsafta. A matsayin gado na amfani da bambaro, ganye.

Bayan ɓoyewar ƙwayoyin, an rufe sel da ƙura mai kauri daga kayan guda. A lokacin ɓoye-goge, gophers ƙunshi ɗaya a lokaci guda. Abinci: cakuda daji da hatsi na hatsi, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kayan marmari, tsirrai masu filayen filaye, rassan kore na nau'in itace mai taushi.

Entsoshin abinci da yardar rai suna cin oats, furen rana, hatsi na hatsi.

Kuna iya ƙara abinci mai girma, karas, gurasa, beets, tsutsa gari, hamarus, ganye ga abincin.

Muhimmancin masu jan-gogol masu jan-hankali a cikin yanayin kasa

A cikin yanayin ƙasa, squirrel ƙasa mai rahusa shine mafi mahimmancin haɗin haɗin haɗin sarƙoƙi na abinci. Dabbobi suna cin abinci: steppe ferret, corsac, fox, Buzzard, ugo, ƙwanƙwasa, manyan gulls, jigilar marsh, crows.

Yawancin dabbobin da ke ƙaura suna iya mamaye gidan gopher ko kuma su raba su tare.

Adadin magabtan ƙasa ba su ragu sosai ba bayan ci gaba da bin gonar budurwa, tunda yawancin magabatan ƙasa ba su da mazauni. Kites da manyan ɓarnatattun abubuwa suna zubar da goho da yawa ne kawai a lokacin da za'a sake su. Sakamakon fari, yawan gaggafa da noman Buzzards yana ƙaruwa, kuma ana samun yawan mutuwar ƙwararrun matattara yayin ƙona kitse a cikin shirin hunturu.

Gophe mai cike da gogewa yana da abokanan ramuka. A cikin shinge karkashin kasa na rodents: steppe pied kaji, babban jerboa, kunkuntar mara amfani, vole gama gari, linzamin kwamfuta, Daurian hamster, Dzungarian hamster, Eversman ta hamster, da kuma steppe linzamin kwamfuta.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Sadarwa

Kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka gano, a tsakanin dabbobi, masu tafiye tafiye suna da harshe na sadarwa mafi wahala. Baya ga raɗa da raɗa, dabbobi suna sadarwa da junan su ta hanyar alamun ultrasonic. Wani lokacin sukanyi kuwwa da ƙarfi, wani lokacin kuma sai suyi kuwwa su yi haushi. Amma motsa jiki wani karamin bangare ne na siginar da mutum ko kowane dabba zai iya ji. Yawancin siginar tana tafiya a lokutan ultrasonic.

Tun da 'hirar su' da tazara iri daban-daban, rudani da kuruciya, dabbobin zasu iya kwatanta daidai maƙar magana game da mai farauta, yanayinsa, girmanta da kuma tsarinsa, sannan su faɗi yadda hatsarin yake.

Me ƙasa take ci?

Yawancin abincin squirrels shine mafi yawan tsire-tsire, duk da haka, a cikin yanayin ƙarancin lokaci, suna ciyar da kwari, mafi yawan ciyayi, har da kwari iri-iri, kwari, katako. Wani lokacin gophers kai hari har ma da mice filin da kananan tsuntsaye. Abincin shuka iri-iri na dabbobi ya ƙunshi mafi yawan matasa harbe, mai tushe da ganye, gami da tsaba. Tsarin nau'in tsire-tsire da dabbobi ke ci sun bambanta: knotweed, yarrow, Clover zaki, matsi mai tsami, hatsi iri-iri, da sauransu. Ganyayyaki yawanci suna ciyar da abinci a cikin yanki ɗaya, wanda suke nuna alamar himma.

Nau'in gophers da ke zaune a Rasha, hotuna da kwatancinsu

Halittar masu tafiye tafiye yana da nau'ikan 38. A cikin Rasha, a cikin yankuna masu budewa daga hamada zuwa Arctic Circle, 9 daga cikinsu suna rayuwa: rawaya, ko dutsen dutse, ko ja, ko babba, ƙarami, mara nauyi, Daurian, Caucasian, dogayen tekuna, Beringian da Krasnoshchek. Dukkaninsu sun bambanta da girma da launi na Jawo.

Rawaya ƙasa (sandstone) (Spermophilus fulvus Lichtenstein)

Yellow ƙasa squirrel yafi zaune a hamada da Semi-hamada, Amma, Hakanan yana faruwa a cikin busassun ƙananan kwari na ƙananan Volga.Daga cikin 'yan uwansa, ya fice, da farko, ga masu girma dabam da suka kusanci girman kananan nau'in marmots (tsayin jikinsa zai iya kaiwa cm 38), kuma a bayyanar shi ma yayi kama da irin dutsen marmots. Ya bambanta da babban gopher tare da launi ja Jawo launuka na ƙurar yashi-rawaya da duhu tan.

Gofer mai rawaya shine mafi tsoron dukkan halittar Spermophilus. Kafin ya fita daga ramin, ya tallata kansa zuwa matakin ido, kuma ya kasance a wannan matsayin na dan wani lokaci, yana nazarin yankin. Yayin da yake ciyarwa, koyaushe yana duban kewayensa. A cikin ciyawa mai tsayi, ya ci shafi, amma idan ciyayi ya yi ƙasa, yana ciyar da zaune ko ma kwance, yana manne a ƙasa tare da jikinsa. Wataƙila dalilin irin wannan faɗakarwa shi ne salon rayuwa, wanda a cikin dabbar da aka tilasta wa kansa ya kula da amincinsa. Kowane ɗayan ya mallaki ƙarami (har zuwa 0.1 ha), wanda ke da himma don kare dangin mamayewa. Idan barazanar ba ta shafi baƙon ba, ana amfani da hakora.

Harkokin rashin zaman lafiya a cikin wannan nau'in shine ɗayan mafi tsayi a tsakanin duk tsaran ƙasa - watanni 8-9.

M, ko babban gopher (S. manyan Pallas)

Ana samun babban gopher a cikin yatsan ruwa da ciyawa da kuma rama na steppes daga tsakiyar Volga zuwa Irtysh. A cikin girman, gopher jan shine ta biyu kawai ga rawaya, tsawon jikinta zai iya kaiwa 33 cm, wutsiya - 6-10 cm.

Launin bango na dabba mai duhu, mai launin shuɗi-mai launin ruwan kasa, tare da fili mara kyau-tsatsa tabar, ciki mai launin shuɗi ne. Ofashin kai shine launin toka na azurfa, ya bambanta da launi na bangon gaban. A kan kunci da saman idanunsu daban launuka masu launin ja ko launin ruwan kasa sun fito waje.

Daga wasu nau'in, ja gopher ya fi wayar hannu: akan neman abinci daga ramin sa, wannan sandar na iya motsawa dari dari biyu, kuma idan ciyayi ta bushe, to tana motsawa zuwa wurare masu arziki don abinci.

Manyan manyan golf suna iya haye koguna

Pherarancin Gopher (S. pygmaeus Pallas)

Pheraramin gopher yana zaune a cikin dutsen daga yankin Volga, Dnieper da Dutsen Caucasus, zuwa bakin tekun Bahar, Azov da Caspian Seas. Wannan shi ne ɗayan mafi ƙarancin jinsin, tsawon jikinsa ba ya wuce 24 cm, wutsiya ba ta fi 4 cm ba .. Launin launuka ba shi da ma'ana - launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa, galibi yana da fifikon sautin ocher.

Caucasian gopher (S. Tattaunawar murabus)

Kandasian (dutsen) dutsen ƙasa ana samunsa ne a yankin Elbrus, a cikin makiyayan makiyaya da makiyaya. Mazauna wannan sandar na iya zama tsawan 1000 zuwa 3200 m sama da matakin teku.

Ya yi kama da ƙaramin ɗan go go. Tsawon jikinsa ya kai cm 24, wutsiya - cm 4-54 Wannan nau'in ƙaunar zaman lafiya ce: ana nuna shi ta rashin wuraren rukunin abinci guda ɗaya. Dabbobin suna kiyaye burukansu na dindindin kawai, kuma wuraren abinci an raba su.

Mai magana da yawun ƙasa (S. suslicus guldenstaedt)

Tabararen ƙasa mai ɗaukar hoto yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙancin wakilai na wannan asalin: tsayin jiki - 17-25 cm, wutsiya - 3-5 cm.Ya yaɗu cikin ganyayyaki da gandun daji na Gabashin Turai daga Danube zuwa Volga. Ungiyoyin da aka fi so sune wuraren ƙaunataccen budurwa, filin kiwo da makiyaya. Yana zaune a yankunan.

Kamar mafi yawan lokutan rana da ƙwanƙwarar jeji, maɓuɓɓugan ƙasa a lokacin bushewa suna aiki a safe da maraice. Dabbobi ba sa son ƙasa mai laushi, saboda haka, a safiya suna barin ramuka kawai bayan raɓa ta bushe, kuma a cikin ruwan sama ba su bayyana kwata-kwata. Yana ciyarwa a cikin matsalar hibernation daga watanni 4 zuwa 8 a shekara, gwargwadon mazaunin da yanayin yanayi.

A yau, squirrel squirrel wata ƙasa dabba ce mai wuya da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red Bryansk da sauran yankuna. Da zarar waɗannan dabbobin suna da yawa, har ma sun yi gwagwarmaya tare da su, kamar yadda kwari ke noma. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yankin yankuna masu dacewa ga mazaunin mazauni sun ragu sosai. A taswirar, mazaunin su daga ci gaba mai ɗaukar hoto ya juya zuwa tsibiran da ba a taɓa gani ba, kuma suna zama ƙarami.

Daurian Gopher (S. dauricus Brandt)

Daursky, ko kuma kamar yadda ake kiranta, Transbaikal gopher, yana zaune ne a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa ta Transbaikal Territory, har ma a gabashin Mongolia da Arewa maso gabashin China. Galibi ana samunsu a tsaunuka, wuraren kiwo, tare da hanyoyi, tare da hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa, har ma a cikin lambunan kayan lambu.

Wannan nau'in ɗan ƙaramin abu ne: jikinsa tsawonsa 17.5-23 cm, wutsiyarsa mai tsawon 4-6.5 cm.Don baya na Transbaikal gopher haske ne, yashi-launin toka mai haske mai haske, ƙashin ciki launin rawaya mai haske, ɓangarorin suna da launin shuɗi.

Yawancin mulkin mallaka ba sa tsari, amma suna zaune shi kaɗai.

Makiyayi Mai Dorewa (S. undulatus Pallas)

Aka rarraba shi a gabashin Tien Shan, a Tsakiya da Mongolia ta yamma, a kudu na Siberiya ta tsakiya, Altai, a cikin tsaunukan Transbaikalia, a Tsakiya ta Yakutia. Yawancin ire-iren wannan nau'in sun bambanta, ana samun su cikin busassun kwari da kwari-daji, a cikin shimfidar wuraren hamada da tsaunuka.

Do goro mai dogon zango - wani nau'in manya da ya fi girma, tsayin jiki har zuwa cm 31. Halin da ya bambanta game da wannan nau'in shine mai laushi da dogon wutsiya (fiye da 16 cm).

Launi na baya yana daga ocher-brown zuwa launin toka-launin toka, akan tarnaƙi launin launi mai zafi yana ƙaruwa sosai, shugaban yana da duhu sosai. A baya, furfura masu launin toka ko mai kyau.

Wannan gopher hibernates daga baya fiye da sauran nau'in, wani lokacin bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta riga ta faɗi.

Bering Gopher (S. parryi Richardson)

Bering gopher (wanda kuma ake kira da Arctic, ɗan Amurka da baffa mai goge-goge) yana zaune a Eurasia da Arewacin Amurka. A cikin ƙasarmu, ana samun ta a Chukotka, Kamchatka, a Arewa-Gabas Siberiya. Yakan zauna a shimfidar wurare - makiyaya da wuraren fararen hular, a kowane tsauni na agaji, galibi ana samun sa a gefen ƙauyukan ƙauyuka.

Wannan shine mafi girma daga jinsunan: tsawon jikin Chukchi samfuransa shine 25-32 cm, Amurkawa ma sun fi girma - tsayin jikinsu ya kai cm 40. Wutsiyar dabbobin suna da tsayi kuma mara kyau. A baya launin ruwan kasa-mai haske ne tare da tsararren tsari na manyan launuka masu haske, shugaban yana da launin ruwan kasa-mai kauri.

Matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin abincin abinci na wannan nau'in ana kunna shi ta hanyar abincin dabbobi (gwoza ƙasa, masara, da sauransu). Siffofin abinci saboda yanayin sanyi.

Gopher mai cike da rudani (S. erythrogenys Brandt)

Tana zaune a kudu na yankuna Ural da Yammacin Siberiya, kuma ana samun su a Mongolia.

Wannan ƙarancin matsakaici ne, tsawon jikinsa baya wuce cm 28. Wutsiya tayi gajarta fiye da na dangi - 4-6 cm .. Sunanta ne saboda halayen launin ruwan kasa ko launin ja a kan kumatun. A baya na dabba shi ne yashi-baki mai launin shuɗi-baki, ruwan ciki ya fi duhu, bangarorin suna da shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi. Akwai farin tabo a kan Chin. Wutsiyar ba tare da dubin baki ba, duhu ne a ƙasa.

Wannan nau'in yana rayuwa a cikin mazauna, amma kowace dabba mai girma tana da rami daban da kuma yankinta.

Daga gwagwarmaya zuwa kariya

Gophers rukuni ne na abin da mutum ya dade yana fafutuka cikin hanzari, kamar na kwari da albarkatu da jigilar kwayar cutar haɗari (annoba, tularemia, da sauransu). Wadannan fasalolin ne, da kuma mazaunin nau'o'in halittu masu yawa a cikin shimfidar wurare, wanda ya kasance tushen rikici tare da mutane. Kare aikin gona da aikin likita sun yi mu'amala da ci gaba da magance lamuran da ke tattare da takaita yawan masu garkuwar, tare da amfani da guba mai yawa ga wadannan garkunan.

Idan aka yi la’akari da yanayin halittar Spermophilus, wanda yawancin nau’ikansu suka zama abin shafe shekaru da yawa, mutum ba zai iya lura da rawar da ya taka a cikin al'umman duniya ba. Don haka, tsarin hadaddun ramuka na samar da yiwuwar wanzuwar tarin dumbin halittu. Misali, a cikin makabartar karamar gopher babu mai rayuwa ko sama da haka - nau'ikan dabbobi 12,000 na gungun na daban daban. Hakanan an sani cewa yayin bacewar filayen ƙasa, an rage yawan magogin ƙasa da tsuntsayen ganima (ƙwararrun haske, ƙwanƙwasa fiti, saker, saker, mikiya, da dai sauransu).

Tare da lalata filayen ƙasa kai tsaye, akwai aiwatar da raguwa da canji daga mazauninsu na asali saboda yaduwa da haɓaka yankunan karkara da canjin yanayin.

Kwanan nan, batun kare adadin wakilai na wannan dangi ya kara girma. A yau, Red-cheeked, speckled, yellow, red and Daurian goitors suna cikin jerin littafin Red na kungiyar tarayyar Russia da / ko kuma a cikin Litattafai na yankin.

Hasashen wannan batun shi ne cewa masana kula da yanayin sun bayar da matakan kiyaye lafiyar gopher, yayin da ayyukan kare lafiya da aikin gona ke ci gaba da rage yawan dabbobi don tabbatar da ci gaban cututtukan dabbobi da rage asarar amfanin gona.

Gopher a matsayin dabbobi

A gaskiya, masu zane-zane ba su dace sosai don kiyayewa a gida ba. Duk da cewa rayuwa a cikin yanayi na cike da hatsarori, ba makawa wannan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan dabba mai farin jini zai yi farin ciki da begen zama cikin wani keji ko ma firam ɗin iska. Gopher ba Guinea ce alade ba ko chinchilla, wanda ke dacewa da rayuwar rayuwa gabaɗaɗa kuma ya zama sananne ga mutum, ɓangaren gopher shine sarari da 'yanci, amma ba zai zama jagora ba, alas ...

Amma har yanzu akwai irin waɗannan masu ƙaunar rashin ɗabi'a waɗanda suke ƙoƙari su horar da waɗannan halittu. Ya kamata a sani cewa gidajen ba su da cikakkiyar dacewa don ci gaba da goitors - ba za su zauna a nan na dogon lokaci ba, tunda yana da wuya a samar da yanayi mai karɓuwa a gare su. Kari akan haka, dabbobin za su yiwa yankin alama, da kamshin sirrinsu, don sanya shi a hankali, takamaiman bayani ne.

Ya halatta a riƙa barin masu hoto a farfajiyar a farfajiyar wani gida mai zaman kansa, inda dabbobi zasu iya ba da bukatunsu - tono rami, gudu, tsalle da tsalle. Don kamannin filayen filaye biyu, ana buƙatar shinge tare da girman aƙalla 150 × 150 cm A ciki ana sanya gidajen mazaunin gopher, akwatuna, akwatunan bututu - don adana dabbobi, gandun daji - don niƙa yankan. A Hauwa na rashin himma (a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon Satumba), ana ba da rodents abu mai zurfi - bambaro, hay, ganye, don dabbobi su iya shirya wuri don hunturu hunturu. Guda ɗaya ɗin an rufe shi da kayan iri ɗaya. Ana kiyaye masu hoto guda ɗaya a lokacin hurawa.

Tushen abincin gopher shine hadawar hatsi, hatsi, alkama, sha'ir, ƙwayar sunflower, masara, abincin da aka shirya don ƙwaƙwalwa. Suna ba da kayan lambu - karas, beets, zucchini, cucumbers, da 'ya'yan itace - ayaba, pears, apples, har da kayan abinci na kore - salatin kai, alfalfa, ganyen dandelion, plantain, Clover, da dai sauransu. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, abincin ya bambanta da abincin furotin (tsutsotsi na gari, murhu, ciyawa). Pet ciyar sau 2 a rana.

Ba za ku iya ba da abincin gopher daga teburin mutum ba, har ma da kabeji, ƙyallen ƙwaya, itacen oak, rassan itacen oak. Yakamata a sami tsaftataccen ruwa a cikin mai sha.