Burbushin Stegosaurus ya ragu (Stegosaurus armatus) G. Marsh ne ya gano shi a shekarar 1877 a arewacin Morrison, cikin jihar Colorado. Marubutan sun kammala sunan ne daga kalmomin Girka στέγος (rufi) da σαῦρος (pangolin), tunda masanin binciken burbushin halittu ya yi la’akari da cewa farantan kwanon da aka sanya a bayan dinosaur kuma suka samar da wani irin rufin gable. A farkon, an bayyana nau'ikan stegosaur, waɗanda daga baya aka haɗa su uku.
Marsh ya yi imanin cewa stegosaurus din ya motsa ne kawai a kan kafafu biyu, tunda manyan kannun ya fi gajeren wando kafafun kafafun. Koyaya, ya rigaya a cikin 1891, bayan ya ɗan fahimci dinosaur, ya canza tunaninsa.
Bayanin
Stegosaurs sune wakilai mafi girma na abubuwanda suka lalata, wanda ya hada har ila yau Kentrosaurus da Huayangosaurus. Tsawonsu ya kai mita 9 (S. armatus), tsayi - mita 4. Kwakwalwar dinosaur bai fi ta kare girma ba: tare da dabbar da ta kai kimanin tan 4.5, kwakwalwar ta auna nauyin 80 kawai.
"Na biyu kwakwalwa"
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan gano, Marsh ya mai da hankalinsa ga fadada raunin kashin cikin yankin ƙashin ƙugu, wanda, idan igiyar ta kashin ya ƙunshi, zai ƙunshi sau 20 mafi jijiyoyin jiki fiye da akwatin murfin. Wannan ya haifar da sanannen ra'ayi cewa stegosaurus yana da "kwakwalwa" ta biyu "ko" hind ", wanda zai iya ɗaukar wasu maganganu da yawa, yana rage kaya a kwakwalwar. Akwai kuma zaton cewa “kwakwalwar ta biyu” zata iya bayar da tallafi ga shugaban idan wata barazanar daga masu fada a ji. Yanzu an nuna cewa wannan haɓaka (wanda aka samo a cikin sauropods) na iya ƙunsar jikin glycogen da aka samo a cikin tsuntsayen zamani. Ba a san dalilinsa ba, an ɗauka cewa yana samar da tsarin juyayi tare da glycogen.
Takayarwa
A bayan stegosaurus akwai farantin kasusuwa guda 17, wadanda basa ga kashin kasusuwa na kasusuwa na ciki, amma akwai su dabam. Wasu masana ilimin binciken burbushin halitta, alal misali, Robert Becker, sun yi imani da cewa farantin ya kasance na hannu kuma yana iya canza yanayin son zuciya. Manyan faranti sunkai cm 60x60. Matsayinsu ya dade da zama batun rigima, kawai yanzu jama’ar kimiyya sun cimma matsaya kan cewa faranti sun kafa layuka biyu a bayan dabba, yayin da faranti na layi daya suka karu gaban gibin a cikin wannan layin.
Babban dalilin farantin ya kasance mai rikitarwa. Da farko an yi iƙirarin cewa suna kare kai daga hare-hare daga sama ta hanyar manyan masu hasara, duk da haka kwanon ya yi rauni kuma ya bar bangarorin kariya. Daga baya, wani juzu'i ya bayyana cewa faranti sun shiga cikin tasoshin jini kuma sun shiga cikin thermoregulation, kamar dimetrodon da spinosaurus sail kuma, alal misali, kunnuwan giwaye na zamani. Taranti na iya zama tsoratarwa mai sauƙi ga masu farauta, ta ƙara girman stegosaurus, ko kuma sun taka rawa a cikin dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane a cikin jinsin: sun taimaka musu su san juna a tsakanin ire-iren ire-irensu, kuma an yi amfani da su wajen wasannin kiɗa.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Kasancewa herbivorous, stegosaurs duk da haka ya bambanta da nau'in abinci mai gina jiki daga sauran kaji, wanda ke da tsarin hakori wanda ya dace da cin abincin, da kuma jaws, yana basu damar motsawa cikin jirgi daban-daban. Teethan ƙananan hakora na stegosaurus ba su dace da haɗuwa da juna yayin da ake taunawa ba, jaws suna iya motsawa kawai.
Koyaya, stegosaurs sun kasance babbar nasara kuma dabi'ar gaba daya. Masu binciken burbushin halitta sun ba da shawarar cewa zasu iya hadiye duwatsun da ke narke abinci a cikin ciki, kamar yadda ake karɓar tsuntsaye da karnuka da yawa a yanzu.
Akwai kuma maganganu guda biyu dangane da tsayi wanda stegosaurus ya samo abinci. Ko dai ya zauna a kan kafafu 4, ya ci abinci kusa da ganyayyaki waɗanda ke girma a tsayin kusan 1 mita, ko ya tsaya a kan kafafunsa na baya sannan ya kai tsayin da ya kai mita 6
Bayyanar
Stegosaurus ya buga hasashe ba wai kawai da wani “kaso” da yake rufe dutsen ba, har ma da rashin lafiyar jikin mutum wanda bai dace ba. Headan ƙaramin kai tare da maƙallan makircin ya zauna akan doguwar wuyansa, kuma gajerun jajayen ya ƙare da baki mai ƙanshi. A cikin bakin akwai layi ɗaya na hakora masu aiki, wanda, kamar yadda ake lalata su, ya canza zuwa wasu waɗanda suke zurfi cikin raunin baka.
Siffar hakora ta ba da shaida game da yanayin abubuwan da ake so na gastronomic - tsire-tsire iri-iri. Andarfin yatsu masu ƙarfi da gajeru na da yatsu 5, ya bambanta da ƙafafun kafa uku. Kari akan haka, yatsun hancin sun kasance mafi girma da karfi, wanda ke nufin cewa stegosaurus zai iya tashi ya dogara dashi lokacin ciyarwa. An yi wa wutsiyar kwalliya tare da manyan duniyoyi huɗu 0.60-0.9 m.
Girman Stegosaurus
Tsarin stegosaurus, tare da rufin kanta, ya haɗa da centrosaur da hesperosaurus, mai kama da na farkon a cikin ilimin ilimin halittar jiki da na ilimin kimiya, amma marasa ƙarfi ne da girman. Wani babban stegosaurus ya girma zuwa 7-9 m a tsayi kuma har zuwa 4 m (tare da faranti) a tsayi tare da taro mai kusan tan 3-5.
Wannan dodon-biri mai-ƙaramin biri yana da ƙaramin kwanyar, yayi daidai da kwanyar babban kare, inda aka sanya kayan kwakwalwa masu nauyin 70 g (kamar babban goro).
Mahimmanci! An san kwakwalwar stegosaurus a matsayin mafi kankanta a tsakanin duk abubuwan da ake amfani da su, idan muka yi la’akari da ratar da yawan ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa da jiki. Farfesa C. Marsh, wanda ya fara gano alamun rashin gaskiya, ya yanke shawarar cewa babu makawa stegosaurs da tunaninsu, tare da jingina kansu ga kwarewar rayuwa.
Haka ne, a zahiri, zurfin tunani na wannan herbivore ba su da amfani: stegosaurus bai rubuta rubutattun bayanai ba, amma kawai ya ci, ya yi bacci, yana da kwakwale, kuma lokaci-lokaci ya kare kansa daga abokan gaba. Gaskiya ne, tashin hankalin ya kasance yana da bukatar zurfin tunani, kodayake a matakin sassauya, kuma masana burbushin halittu sun yanke shawarar sanya wannan manufa ga kwakwalwar babban ɗabi'ar.
Stegosaurs
Stegosaurs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tsarin kimiyya | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Archosauromorphs |
Lantarki: | Stegosaurs |
Jinsi: | † Stegosaurs |
- Diracodon Marsh 1881
- Hypsirhophus Cope 1878
- Hypsirophus Cope 1878
- Hysirophus jimre 1878
- S. armatus marsh, 1877
- S. stenops Marsh, 1887
- S. ungulatus Marsh, 1879
shekaru miliyan | Lokaci | Era | Aeon |
---|---|---|---|
2,588 | Ko da | ||
Ka | F amma n e p game da s game da th | ||
23,03 | Neogene | ||
66,0 | Paleogen | ||
145,5 | Alli | M e s game da s game da th | |
199,6 | Jura | ||
251 | Trias | ||
299 | Perm | P amma l e game da s game da th | |
359,2 | Carbon | ||
416 | Devon | ||
443,7 | Silur | ||
488,3 | Talakawa | ||
542 | Kambrian | ||
4570 | Precambrian |
Stegosaurs (lat. Stegosaurus - “rufin gida”) - asalin halittar dinosaurs na Late Jurassic wanda ya wanzu shekaru 155-145 shekaru da suka gabata (Kimmeridge tier). Ya ƙunshi nau'i uku. Godiya ga tatsuniyoyi a jikin wutsiya da kasusuwa na kashin baya, sune wasu daga cikin sanannun dinosaur.
Sacral thickening
Marsh ya gano shi a cikin yankin pelvic kuma ya ba da shawara cewa a nan ne babban ƙwayar kwakwalwa na stegosaurus ya kasance mai hankali, sau 20 ya fi girma fiye da kwakwalwa. Yawancin masana binciken burbushin halittu sun goyi bayan C. Marsh, suna danganta wannan sashin kashin kashin (wanda ya cire kaya daga kai) tare da gyararwar stegosaurus. Bayan haka, ya zama cewa an lura da yanayin sifofin a yankin sacral a yawancin sauropods, da kuma a cikin kashin tsuntsayen zamani. Yanzu an tabbatar da cewa a cikin wannan ɓangaren ɓangaren kashin baya akwai jikin glycogen wanda ke ba da ƙwayar jijiyoyi tare da glycogen, amma baya motsa ayyukan tunani.
Ganowa da karatu
A karon farko burbushin halittar stegosaurus (Stegosaurus armatus) G. Marsh ne ya gano shi a shekarar 1877 a arewacin Morrison, cikin jihar Colorado. Sunan mai taken Girkanci Maris. στέγος (rufi) da σαῦρος (lizard), tunda masanin binciken burbushin halittu yayi la'akari da cewa faranti suna kwance a bayan dinosaur kuma sun samar da wani irin rufin gable. A farkon, an bayyana nau'ikan stegosaur, waɗanda daga baya aka haɗa su uku.
Marsh ya yi imanin cewa stegosaurus din ya motsa ne kawai a kan kafafu biyu, tunda manyan kannun ya fi gajeren wando kafafun kafafun. Koyaya, ya rigaya a 1891, bayan ya yaba da yanayin dinosaur, ya canza shawara.
Rayuwa, halayya
Wasu masana ilimin halittu sun yi imanin cewa stegosaur dabbobi ne na zamantakewa kuma suna rayuwa a cikin garkunan dabbobi, yayin da wasu (da ke magana game da watsa ragowar) sunce rufin rufin ya wanzu. Tun da farko, Farfesa Marsh ya danganta stegosaurus din zuwa cikin dinosaurs na bipedal saboda gaskiyar cewa kafafun lihin suna da ƙarfi kuma kusan sau biyu.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Daga nan sai Marsh tayi watsi da wannan sigar, ta jingina ga wani abin daban - stegosaurs, hakika, sunyi tafiya akan kafafunsu na dan wani lokaci, wanda hakan ya haifar da raguwa a kafafu na gaba, amma daga baya ya sake komawa kan dukkan hudun.
Motsawa a kan gabar jiki, stegosaurs, idan ya cancanta, ya tsaya akan kafafunsu na hawaye don tsage ganye akan manyan rassan. Wasu masana kimiyyar halitta sun yi imanin cewa stegosaurs da basu da kwakwalwa masu tasowa na iya jefa kansu akan kowane halitta mai rai da ya fadi a fagen hangen nesa.
Dukkanin yanayin, ornithosaurs (dryosaurs da otnielia) suna yawo a bayansu, waɗanda suke cin kwari ba da izini ba ta hanyar stegosaurs. Kuma sake game da faranti - suna iya tsoratar da masu farauta (da haɓaka stegosaurus), a yi amfani da su a cikin wasannin mating, ko kuma kawai gano wasu nau'ikan jinsin su tsakanin sauran abubuwan cin abincin dabbobi.
Kwayar kwakwalwa
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ganowa, Marsh ya mai da hankalinsa ga fadada raunin kashin cikin yankin ƙashin ƙugu, wanda, idan igiyar ta kashin ya ƙunshi, zai ƙunshi sau 20 mafi jijiyoyin jiki fiye da cranium. Wannan ya haifar da sanannen ra'ayi cewa stegosaurus yana da "kwakwalwa" ta biyu "ko" hind ", wanda zai iya aiwatar da aiwatar da wasu sauye sauye da yawa, da rage nauyin akan kwakwalwa. Akwai kuma zaton cewa “kwakwalwar ta biyu” zata iya bayar da tallafi ga shugaban idan wata barazanar daga masu fada a ji. Yanzu an nuna cewa wannan haɓaka (wanda aka samo a cikin sauropods) na iya ƙunsar jikin glycogen da aka samo a cikin tsuntsayen zamani. Ba a san dalilinsa ba, an ɗauka cewa yana samar da tsarin juyayi tare da glycogen.
Nemi Tarihi
- A shekara ta 1877, Otniel Charles Marsh ya gabatar wa duniya binciken burbushin halittar wani sabon wakilin tsoffin dabbobi masu rarrafe - stegosaurus. An samo burbushin halittu, wadanda suka fara kuskure don ragowar kunkuru, a Colorado. Masanin kimiyyar ya bayyana amo a karkashin sunan Stegosaurus armatus, fasalin fasalin halittar wanda masanin ilimin burbushin halitta ya inganta, dangane da gabobin kasusuwa da faranti.
- Shekaru goma bayan haka, masanin ilimin burbushin halittu ya nuna sake gina S. ungulatus, wanda ya danganci binciken kusan duk kasusuwan kasusuwan. Amma saboda sassan da aka ɓace, ra'ayin mutum har yanzu bai dace ba.
- An sake yin gyaran stegosaurus bayan ganowar a 2003 na adana sauran abubuwan ajiyar ajiyar S.. Bob Simon, direban bulldozer ne ya gano burbushin halittu a Red Canyon, Wyoming. Wannan shine mafi cikakkiyar kwarangwal din stegosaurus da aka samo (85% daga cikin kashin da aka samo): faranti 18, kashin bayan 4, kashin baya, warwatse amma an kiyaye gaba daya kwanyar, wacce take dauke da hakora 32. Daga baya aka sanya sunan samfurin a karkashin sunan barkwanci Sophie. An bayyana samfurin a cikin littafin kimiyya na PLOS, a cikin Oktoba 2015.
- A shekara ta 2005, masanin ilimin burbushin halitta Sergei Krasnolutsky ya samo burbushin halittar stegosaurus a Siberiya. Kasusuwa da aka tabbatar da shekaru miliyoyin shekaru sun sanya asarar mai a cikin gundumar Sharypovsky na yankin ƙasa na Krasnoyarsk. Sai da aka dauki kimiya sama da shekaru takwas kafin a maimaita tare da bayyana nau'in.
Iri Stegosaurs
A cikin ilimin burbushin halittu, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan stegosaurs guda uku da aka sani:
- armatus, wanda kwatattun sassan kasusuwa suka bayyana kusan mutane 30.
- ungulatus, asalinsa a matsayin mai harara a cikin vertebrae na mutum da faranti.
- stenops, wanda ya ba duniya cikakkiyar halayen masaniyar abubuwan Stegosaurus.
Tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, masana ilimin kimiyyar binciken dabbobi sun bayyana wasu wakilan abubuwan halittar, wanda a yau ya zama ba a sani ba ko shakku. Wannan rarrabewar ya faru ne sakamakon ɓarnar kashi-kashi-kasusuwa masu ƙarfi, waɗanda daga baya aka daina samun su. Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi:
- duplex, S. affinis, S. seeleyanus da S. sulcatus (karatun karni na 19 a matsayin jinsunan S. armatus),
- madagascariensis (wani samfurin hakori ya bayyana, saboda haka yawancin masu binciken suna kuskure shi don ankylosaurus),
- longispinus (saboda rashin cigaba da binciken irin wadannan burbushin, wasu masana binciken burbushin halittu suna danganta dinosaur ga asalin halittar Alcovasaurus).
Gabaɗaya ana ganewa
- Stegosaurus armatus - nau'in farko na farko, wanda aka sani da kwarangwal guda biyu wadanda basu cika ba, kwanyar biyu da ƙasusuwan mutum guda akalla 30. Tana da ratsu 4 a wutsiya da ƙaramin faranti, sun kai tsawon mita 9.
- Stegosaurus ungulatus - aka bayyana shi daga Maris a cikin 1879 akan vertebrae da dama da aka samo a Wyoming. duk da haka, ragowar stegosaurus da aka samo a Fotugal an danganta shi da wannan nau'in.
- Stegosaurus stenops - aka bayyana daga Maris a cikin 1887 akan burbushin halittu daga jihar Colorado. An sami cikakkiyar ƙasusuwan jinsin wakilcin da kusan kashi 50 rarrabuwa. Ya kasance ƙasa S. armatus, yana kaiwa mita 7 kawai, yana da faranti mafi girma.
Tsarin kwarangwal din stegosaurus
Idan aka kwatanta da babban jiki, stegosaurus yana da faffadan kwanyar da yakai kusan cm 45 a tsayinsa. Dangane da simintin da Marsh yayi a cikin 1880s, an gano cewa kwakwalwar da ke cikin wannan halittar bata wuce 3 g .. Jaws tare da layi daya na kananan hakora sun ƙare a cikin baki.
Bambancin halayyar tsakanin stegosaurs an haɗa shi da farantin kasusuwa na baya. Juyin halitta na tsoffin dabbobi masu rarrafe ya haifar da ci gaban osteoderms a cikin stegosaurs. Waɗannan ƙamus ne a cikin faranti, haɓaka daga sikandarin ɗaba'a. Tafukan ya kai cm 60 cm kuma tsawon sa, yana daga saman sashen fitsarin. An sassaka faranti daidai da juna. Yankin yanki na farantin ya kasance asalin ƙashi ne, wanda saman yanar gizan jini ne ke girma. Har yanzu ba a fayyace manufarsu ba. Wasu sun gaskata cewa an yi niyya ne domin maganin zafi. Wasu kuma suna ayyana su a matsayin na’urar da take hana masu farauta ko kuma zanga-zangar a lokacin matsi.
A cikin kashin kashin jikin stegosaurs na kowane nau'in, wani nau'in vertebrae daban-daban ya kasance, mafi yawan lamba sun kasance a yankin caudal. Wani abu mai santsi na ciki wanda aka saba da shi ya kasance a cikin yankin sacral. Wannan fasalin ya haifar da tunanin hangen wanzuwar kwakwalwar ta biyu, wanda ya samar da ƙarin ayyukan kwakwalwa yayin da masu barazanar za su yi masa barazana. Nau'i biyu daga spikes, girma daga gefen wutsiya, sun kai mita ɗaya a cikin manya. Kafafun kafafun hagu suna da yatsun gajere uku, gaba - biyar.
Motsi
Stegosaurs ya motsa a kan kafafu huɗu, shugaban yana ƙasa da jiki. Dalilin da aka tilasta wannan matsayin shine kasancewar kasusuwa biyu na kasusuwa, wadanda suka fi tsawo da girma fiye da gaban saboda tsarin kasusuwa (fatar ta wuce tsawon tibia da fibula). Wutsiya tana saman layin kwance.
Shakka babu jinsin halitta
- Stegosaurus sulcatus - wanda Marsh ya bayyana a cikin 1887 akan ƙwanƙwasawar da ba ta dace ba. Tare Stegosaurus duplex sunan wannan nau'in yanzu an dauki shi daya S. armatus.
- Stegosaurus Seeleyanus - asali ake kira Hypsirophustabbas iri daya ne kamar S. armatus
- Stegosaurus (Diracodon) laticeps - Sanannun gutsuttsuran muƙamuƙin da Marsh ta samo a 1881. Har yanzu S. laticeps Becker ya bayyana a 1986, duk da jawabai cewa bincikensa ba a iya gano shi ba sannan kuma ba a gano shi ba daga S. kankara. Asali S. laticeps da aka sanya wa HALITTAR Diracodonwasu lokuta ana kiran su da S. kankara. A halin yanzu, mafi yawan masana kimiyya Diracodon bai tsaya a waje ba, ana daukar wakilan a matsayin stegosaurs.
- Stegosaurus longispinus - Charles Gilmore ne ya baiyana a kan kashin bai cika ba daga Wyoming. Hakanan ya kai mita 7, amma yana da mafi tsayi. Wasu masu binciken sun danganta ga sifofin Alcovasaurus.
- Stegosaurus affinis - wanda Marsh ya bayyana a 1881 akan binciken kasusuwa na kasusuwa. Babu sauran abin da zai biyo baya. Wataƙila wannan ra'ayi iri ɗaya ne kamar S. armatus.
- "Stegosaurus" madagascariensis - sananne ne ga haƙoran haƙora da aka samo a cikin 1926 a Madagascar. Koyaya, masanan binciken da yawa sun danganta su ga Ankylosaurus har ma da karnuka.
- "Stegosaurus" marshi - wanda Lucas ya bayyana a cikin 1901, a cikin 1902 ya ware a cikin wani daban Hoplitosaurus.
- "Stegosaurus" priscus - wanda aka samo shi a cikin 1911, yanzu ya zama ruwan dare a cikin wani daban Loricatosaurus.
Mai tausayi mafi kusa
Mafi kusancin dangi na stegosaur shine wasu wakilai biyu na stegosaurids:
- Todjangosaurus. An samo shi a lardin Sichuan na kasar Sin. Ana ɗaukarsa daidai da stegosaurus na Arewacin Amurka, amma tare da bambanci a cikin girman girman jikin mutum da kasancewar kashin uku kawai.
- Centrosaur. An samo burbushin halittu a ƙasar Tanzaniya ta zamani. Samu cikakkun fasali na waje. Farantin kariya yana girma daga kai har zuwa baya, kuma daga tsakiyar jiki zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya, an sanya dunkulallen hannu a cikin nau'i-nau'i, spikes biyu suna bisa kafadar dabbar.
Dangantaka da dangi
Sun jagoranci rayuwar garke. An tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar halayen dinosaurs tare da sanduna da Matthew Mossbrucker ya gano a Colorado. Groupungiyar ta koma gefe ɗaya, manya sun kewaye ƙananan.
Spikes na stegosaurus ba kawai makami ne mai kariya ba game da abubuwan cin abinci na dinosaurs. Tare da taimakonsu, maza suka yi yaƙi don 'yancin mallakar mace.
Haraji
Sake sake fasalin jinsin S. ungulatus
Stegosaurus alama ce ta asali ta dangin stegosaurus a cikin sifar stegosaurus. Stegosaurids ɗaya daga cikin iyalai biyu ne a cikin ɓarna na stegosaurus, wanda memba ne na ƙungiyar thyroid kuma dangi mai nisa na ankylosaurs.
Da ke ƙasa akwai wani ɗan ƙaramin bayani da ke nuna matsayin stegosaurus na 2009.
Spiky Dinosaurs: Stegosaurus
Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa jikin gawar burbushin halittar da aka samo an rufe shi da faranti masu kariya-kamar su, masu kama da dabbobi masu kiba. Saboda haka sunan pangolin.
An ɗauka cewa faranti suna kan jikin dabbar, kamar tayal rufi.
Stegosaurs (lat.Stegosaurus)
Bayan haka, ya zama cewa platinum kashi na sabon abu ya kasance a cikin layi biyu tare da kashin baya na dinosaur na herbivorous daga wuyansa zuwa wutsiya. A halin yanzu ba zai yiwu a gano takamaiman wuraren da fararen hular suke da juna ba, amma dai an san cewa 17 daga cikinsu.
Gofoniil Charles Marsh, farfesa a fannin binciken burbushin halittu a cikin 1877, wanda ya ba da suna ga nau'in dabbobi ya samo ragowar Stegosaurus. Neman binciken ya kai tsawon mita 8 da tan 2 a cikin nauyi.Banon faranti ya gudana duk jikin kashin jikin kasusuwan burbushin halittu, wanda mafi girmansa ya kasance tsawon cm cm 76. An samo tsintsaye a ƙarshen wutsiya.
An yi jita-jita masu kaifi a ƙarshen wutsiyar Stegosaurus.
Stegosaurus ya bambanta da duk abubuwan da aka samo dinosaurs da aka samo a baya. Misali, a cikin Centrosaurus da aka gano a Gabashin Afirka, faranti kashin da ke gudana tare da kashin baya sun zama kashin baya a wutsiya. Datsentrur, wanda aka samo a Turai, yana da spikes ne kawai a bayan sa da wutsiyarsa.
Kodayake masanin binciken burbushin halitta bai zo don yarjejeniya ba don menene maƙasudin kasusuwa a jikin jikin Stegosaurus, ana iya fahimtar cewa Stegosaurs da sauran 'Dinosaurs', masu ƙiftawa, kasancewa herbivores, sun tilasta kansu don kare kansu daga abokan gaba.
Stegosaurs na herbivorous wasu lokuta sun zama ganima na cin abincin dabbobi.
Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa amsar tambaya game da dalilin farantin karfe da jijiyoyi dole ne a nemo su a cikin rayuwar Kattai.
Filayen kasusuwa wadanda ke gefen kashin Stegosaurus yana da haske mai tsari kuma yana da wuya a yi amfani da shi a cikin kariya daga aiki daga masu ketare. Amma kaifi spikes a kan wutsiyar dabba zai iya kai tsaye kai tsaye a kan abokan gaba. Tsayawa da wutsiyar wutsiyarsa, Stegosaurus ya yi matukar barazana ga abokan adawar sa.
Wata manufar da yakamata na farantin ita ce shiga cikin aiwatar da dabbar. Zai yiwu a rufe tsoffin ƙasusuwa a fata kuma ya taimaka wa dinosaur daidaita yanayin zafin jiki.
Stegosaurus yana da farashi mai ban tsoro.
Shugaban Stegosaurus, kamar na sauran ƙattai masu tsire-tsire, ƙanƙane. Kwanyar dabbar ta ƙare tare da abin da ake kira "beak", wanda ya cika da ƙananan hakora waɗanda aka tsara don tauna a kan tsire-tsire masu laushi da ciyawa. Ba tare da dogon wuya ba, Stegosaurs ya tsaya a kan kafafunsu na baya don samun ganyayyaki masu ƙyalƙyali.
Fasalin halayyar 'yan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire "spiky" wani karamin kwakwalwa ne mai wuce yarda. Don haka, Stegosaurus tare da tsawon tsayin jikinsa game da mita 9 da tsawo na 4 m, shine mai mallakar kwakwalwa kamar karamin kare.
Sakamakon wani Stegosaurus.
Masu bincike sunyi imani da cewa dinosaurs na tsire-tsire na dabbobi da suka wanzu na wani lokaci mai tsawo a cikin Juyin Halittar Duniya, wannan karuwar kwakwalwar ta isa, saboda karewar kashinsu. Farfesa Gofoniil Marsh, wanda ya fara bincike game da kwarangwal din Stegosaurus, ya yi mamakin lura: “Theaukana masu girman kai da kwakwalwa sun nuna cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe dabba ce mara ƙanƙanci….
Koyaya, masana ilimin burbushin halittu sun gano wani rami don cibiyar jijiya. Ya kasance a cikin kashin baya a cikin kwatangwaron dabbar. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa irin wannan toshewar i.e. “Kwakwalwa ta biyu” tayi aiki wajen sarrafa bayan dinosaur da wutsiya. A halin yanzu, vertebrates tare da wutsiyoyi masu tsayi suna da mahimmin toka a wani wuri mai kama. Wutsiyar Stegosaurus ta fi tsawon jikin dabba duka kuma ta yi wani muhimmin aiki - tana kariya daga abokan gaba. Don cikakken yajin wutsiya, "cibiyar kulawa" a farkon wutsiya ya zama dole.
A cikin fitsarin sacral vertebrae na ƙashin ƙugu, ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar kwakwalwa ta wuce girman kwakwalwa zuwa sau 10-100.
A wani wuri a Miragaya kusa da garin Lourinho na Portugal, Octavio Mateus, ma'aikaci a New Jami'ar Lisbon, ya gano sassan jikin dabba na gidan Stegosaurus. Masanin ilimin ya samo kasusuwa na kasusuwa, wani bangare na kashin baya da kwanyar. Masanin binciken burbushin halittu ya kira nau'in halittun da aka gano Miragaia longicollum, wanda ke nufin "doguwar ƙage daga Miragaya." Wani fasali na kasusuwarsa ya kasance dogo ne mai tsayi, wanda yafi girma girma a ciki fiye da dukkan wakilan wannan halittar. Dabbobin da aka samo sun bambanta da duk "spiked" dinosaurs a yawan vertebrae na mahaifa. A baya can an san stegosaurs yana da 12- 13, kuma Miragaia longicollum yana da 17. Wannan fasalin yana sa samfuran da aka gano suna kama da Diplodocus da sauran sauropods.
Stegosaurus na nau'in Miragaia longicollum ya mallaki dogon wuya.
A cewar Mateus, duk fasalulluran sabbin nau'ikan halittar da Miragaia longicollum, ke magana game da ire-iren yanayi na stegosaurs. Dangane da kayan da aka samo, an tsara bayanin kimiyya na sabon wakilin stegosaurus. Wannan bayanin ya ɓata ra'ayin stegosaurs a matsayin dabbobin da suka ciyar da ciyayi kaɗan saboda ɗan gajeren hancin gaba da gajere.
Samfurin Miragai yana da wuyansa na mita 1.5-1.8, wanda shine 30% na jimlar jikin dabbar. A wancan lokacin, nau'in Huayangosaurus, wanda ya rayu shekaru miliyan 170 da suka gabata, yana da 9 vertebrae na mahaifa kawai. Masu binciken sunyi imanin cewa dogon wuyan nau'in na iya bayyana yayin sauyawa zuwa nau'in abinci mai kyau da kuma jawo hankalin abokin tarayya.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Habitat, mazauni
Idan muna magana ne game da batun rarraba stegosaurs a matsayin asalin halitta (maimakon yawaitar lalata iri ɗaya sunan), to ya mamaye duk yankin Arewacin Amurka. An samo mafi yawancin burbushin a cikin jihohi kamar su:
An watsar da ragowar dabbobin da suka lalace a sararin yankin da yanzu Amurka ta kasance, amma an sami wasu nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa a Afirka da Eurasia. A wancan zamani, Arewacin Amurka ya kasance ainihin aljanna ga dinosaurs: a cikin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi, ciyawar ciyawa, tsirrai da gurneti (sosai kamar dabino na zamani) sun yawaita.
Stegosaurus rage cin abinci
Tushen dabbobin sun kasance na yau da kullun na dabbobin herbivorous, amma suna jin ƙarancinsu ga wasu dabbobin kaji-kamar dinosaurs, waɗanda ke da jaws a cikin jirage daban-daban, kuma tsari ne na hakora waɗanda aka tsara don cin ire-iren tsire-tsire. Matakan stegosaurus sun motsa a cikin hanya guda, kuma ƙananan hakora ba su da karbuwa musamman don tauna.
Abincin stegosaurs ya haɗa:
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Stegosaurus yana da hanyoyi 2 don samun abinci: ko dai ci ƙarancin girma (a matakin kai) ya bar / harbe, ko a tsaye akan kafafunsa na baya, tashi zuwa babba (a tsayi na har zuwa 6 m) rassan.
Yanke foliage din, stegosaurus cikin fasaha yayi nasarar lalata karfin gabansa mai karfin gaske, saboda zai iya tauna da hadiye kwayar, ya kara tura shi cikin ciki, inda gastrolites din ya fara aiki.
Kiwo da zuriya
A bayyane yake cewa babu wanda ya kalli wasannin mating na stegosaurs - masana kimiyyar halitta sun ba da shawarar yadda rufin saman zai iya ci gaba da ire-irensu.. Yanayi mai daɗi, a cewar masana kimiyya, an fi so kusan haifuwa shekara-shekara, wanda a cikin sharuddan gabaɗaya sun haɗu tare da haifuwar masu rarrafe masu zamani. Maza, suna fafitikar mallakar mallakin mace, sun daidaita dangantakar, inda suka sami gwagwarmaya na jini, a yayin da dukkan masu nema suka sami munanan raunuka.
Wanda ya yi nasara ya sami damar abokin aure. Mace da aka haɗaka, bayan ɗan lokaci, ta sanya ƙwayayenta a cikin rami da aka haƙa, aka rufe shi da yashi da hagu. Rana mai zafi ta sanya masonry, a ƙarshe ƙaramar stegosaurs ta shiga cikin haske, da sauri za ta sami tsayi da nauyi domin a hanzarta shiga cikin iyayen iyayen. Manya sun tsare saurayi, suna rufe ta da barazanar waje a tsakiyar garken.
Abokan halitta
Stegosaurs, musamman matasa da masu rauni, irin wannan dinosaurs na farautar dabbobi, ya zama dole su nemi su dawo da nau'i biyu na wutsiya wutsiya.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! An tabbatar da dalilin kariya daga kashin baya ta hanyar gaskiya guda biyu: kusan 10% na stegosaurs da aka samu yana da raunin wambiguous wutsiya, kuma ramuka da ya dace da nunin kashin jikin stegosaurus an gani cikin kasusuwa / vertebrae na yawancin allosaurus.
Kamar yadda kowane masanin binciken masana kimiyyar binciken dabbobi ya tabbatar, faranti na baya shima ya taimaka wajen kare shi daga hannun magabatansu.
Gaskiya ne, ƙarshen ba su da ƙarfi sosai kuma sun bar bangarorinsu a buɗe, amma azzalumai masu ƙarfi, suna ganin garkuwar garkuwar, sun haƙa cikin su ba tare da wani jinkiri ba. Yayinda magabatan suka yi kokarin fasa kwandon shara, stegosaurus ya dauki matsayin kariya, kafafu ya fadi ya kuma cire wutsiyarsa.
Hakanan zai kasance mai ban sha'awa:
Idan kwaya ta huda jiki ko jijiya, maƙiyin da ya ji rauni ya koma jinya, kuma kumburin ya ci gaba da tafiya. Hakanan yana yiwuwa faranti da aka soke ta da jijiyoyin jini, a lokacin haɗari, sun koma ja kuma sun zama kamar harshen wuta. Abokan gaba, saboda tsoron wutar daji, sai suka gudu. Wasu masu binciken sun tabbata cewa tukunyar kasusuwa na stegosaurus sunyi yawa, tunda sun hada ayyuka da yawa.