Skunks (lat. Merhitidae) - dabbobin mallakar dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma hanyar da ta zama ruwan dare gama gari. Har zuwa kwanan nan, skunks galibi ana danganta su ga dangin Kunya da kuma subfamily na Merhitinae, amma sakamakon nazarin kwayoyin, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da daidaiton rabonsu ga ɗangi daban, wanda, a cewar wasu rahotanni, ya kasance mafi kusanci ga dangin Pandov, kuma ba Raccoon.

Bayyanar

Duk skunks ana bambanta su da launi mai kunshe da ratsi ko farar fata a kan asalin launin baƙi. Misali, jakunkun tagwaye suna da fararen fararen fata a bayansu wadanda suke daga kai har zuwa karshen wutsiya. Irin wannan yanayin mai haske da lura sosai yana aiki a matsayin abin da ake kira gargadi, kuma yana da ikon hana yiwuwar kai harin masu kisa.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Representativesaramin wakilai na dangin suna da tabo masu banƙyama (Spilogale), wanda nauyin jikinsa ya bambanta tsakanin 0.2-1.0 kg. Mafi girma - Pig Skunk (Conneratus) yana da nauyin kilogram 4.0-4.5.

Ofaya daga cikin alamomin skunk shine kasancewar ƙamshi mai narkewa, wanda ke rufe abu mai lalacewa wanda yake da ƙanshin wari mara ƙoshi. Dabbobin ruwa dabbar skunk na iya fesa wata matattarar rufin asiri har zuwa mita shida. Duk skunks ana bambanta shi da ƙazamin ƙarfi, ƙwaƙwalwar fata, wutsiya mai ƙanshi da ƙafar ƙafafu mai ƙarfi tare da maƙasudan ƙarfi da haɓaka waɗanda ke dacewa sosai don ramuka.

Rayuwa da halaye

Skunks sun zama ruwan dare a wurare da yawa, ciki har da filayen ciyawa da wuraren dazuka, da kuma wasu tsaunuka. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna ƙoƙarin su guji wani yanki mai dausayi ko yanki mai lalacewa. Skunks dabbobi ne waɗanda ba su kwana ba kuma suna cikin ɓangaren masu ɓarna. Mafi yawan lokuta, dabbar za ta tona ramin mutum ne da kansa, amma idan ya cancanta, zai iya mamaye abubuwan da sauran dabbobin suka yi. Wasu daga cikin dangin sun san yadda ake hawa bishiyoyi sosai.

Dabbobin da ke zaune a arewacin sassan tare da farawa da lokacin kaka suna fara tara adadin mai. A cikin hunturu, skunks da yawa ba sa hibernate, amma sun zama marasa aiki kuma ba sa barin gidajensu don neman abinci. Dabbobin hunturu a cikin kullun, ana haɗasu cikin rukuni sun ƙunshi namiji da mace daya lokaci.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Ana sanyan skunks ta kyakkyawar wari da haɓaka mai ji, amma irin wannan dabba tana da rashin gani sosai, don haka dabbobi masu shayarwa basa bambanta abubuwa waɗanda ke da mitoci uku ko fiye.

A lokacin dumi, dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fi son kadaici, ba shi da yanki kuma baya nuna iyakokin shirye-shiryensa. Matsakaicin makircin makiyaya, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana ɗaukar tsayin 2-4 km² ga mace mai girma, kuma ba fiye da 20 km² na maza.

Littattafan da aka Kara kwanan nan

Hukumomin tilasta yin aiki da doka da kuma aikata laifuka na St. Petersburg sun yi matukar farin ciki da labarin mai ban tsoro: wani mai kisan gilla mai suna Skuns ya iso daga ƙasashen waje. Babu wanda ya gan shi, ba wanda ya san sunansa. Abinda kawai aka sani shine cewa bai yi kuskure ba ya kuma ba shi alama. Kuma hukumar Aegis Plus - sabis na asirin don kawar da tsarin mulki na rashin adalci musamman hukumomin masu aikata mugayen laifuka - dole ne suyi aiki da wannan abokin gaba!

Hukumomin tilasta yin aiki da doka da kuma aikata laifuka na St. Petersburg sun yi matukar farin ciki da labarin mai ban tsoro: wani mai kisan gilla mai suna Skuns ya iso daga ƙasashen waje. Babu…

Dangantaka tsakanin mai kisan gilla Skunks da sabis na asiri Aegis Plus da maigidanta Plescheev suna ci gaba da haɓaka. A gefe guda, Aegidists suna da tsananin doka: don bin skunk da lalata shi a zahiri. A gefe guda, suna jin karuwa da juyayi ga wannan mutumin.

Dangantaka tsakanin mai kisan gilla Skunks da sabis na asiri Aegis Plus da maigidanta Plescheev suna ci gaba da haɓaka. A gefe guda, Aegidists suna da tsananin doka: don bin sahun skunk da ...

Tare da wannan labari, Maria Semenova, daya daga cikin shahararrun marubutan Rasha, mahaliccin irin waɗannan littattafai masu sayarwa kamar Wolfhound, Valkyrie, Kudeyar da Sword of the Dead, suna ci gaba da sake zagayowar littattafai game da mai kisan gilla mai suna Skuns da kuma ma'aikata na hukumar Aegis Plus - Asirin sabis don kawar da mulkin mallaka na musamman m laifi hukumomin ("Guda kuma ba dakoks", "iri ɗaya kuma skunks-2").
A cikin Kudancin Saisk, an saci doki mai ban mamaki, banda kasancewarsa mai ɗaukar nauyin kayan gado. An lalata shirin masu satar bayanan ta hanyar sa hannun wani jockey wanda da gangan ya san doki. Hukumomin hukuma ba za su iya shawo kan lamarin ba, kuma ma’aikatan hukumar ta Aegis Plus ne suka shigar da kara. Daga cikin masu sha'awar dawo da dokin, akwai kuma wani mai kisa na kasa da kasa mai suna Skuns.

Tare da wannan labari, Maria Semenova, daya daga cikin shahararrun marubutan Rasha, mahaliccin waɗannan littattafai masu sayarwa mafi kyau kamar Wolfhound, Valkyrie, Kudeyar da Sword of the Dead, ya ci gaba da zagayowar littattafai ...

Sau nawa skunks ke zaune

Dukkanin rayuwar dabbar skunk yana tafiya cikin nutsuwa, harma da wani yanayi mai rauni, kuma jimlar rayuwar rayuwar dabbobi masu shayarwa ta bambanta bisa yardar halitta. Kamar yadda lura ya nuna, a cikin daji dabbar za ta iya rayuwa har tsawon shekara biyu zuwa uku, kuma a zaman fursunoni za su iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma.

Iri Skunks

Kwararru a halin yanzu sun bambanta manyan janarori huɗu da nau'ikan sakatariya guda goma sha biyu.

Halin Pig-skunks yana wakilta ta:

• Skunk ta Kudancin Amurka (Conneus chinga),
• Humboldt Skunk (Mai alakar humboldtii),
• Gabashin Mexico ko White-Skunk (Coneratus leuconotus),
• Skuk Rabin-Hagu mai ɗaukar nauyi (Babban hatsi semratriatus).

Genus Striped Skunks gabatar:

• Skunk na Mexico (Merhitis macroura),
• Takaitaccen Skunk (Merhitis merchitis).

Halittar Siyarwa da ba ta da kyau, wani lokaci da suka gabata na dangin Kunya wacce aka mai da shi skunk, an wakilta ta:

• Sunda santa badger (Mydaus javanensis),
• Palawan smelly badger (Mydaus marshei).

Halittar Spotted Skunks yana wakilta ta:

• Askin skunk na kudu (Srilogale angustifrons),
• Saramin Skunk (ƙwararriyar Srilogale),
• Bakano Skunk (Srilogale Putoriu),
• Dwarf skunk (Srilogale Rygmaea).

Skulen dabba mai santsi yana dabbar da ke da nauyi a cikin nauyin kilogram 1.2-5.3. Wannan nau'in shine mafi yawan wakilai a cikin dangi. Mazaunin jinsin yana wakiltar yankin Arewacin Amurka daga Kanada zuwa Mexico, inda ya fi dacewa da yankuna gandun daji.

Skunk na Mexico - dabbobi masu shayarwa na wannan nau'in dangi ne na kusa da sakink kuma suna da kama da na waje. Babban bambanci ana wakilta shi da suttacciyar gashi mai tsayi da suttwa. A fannin kai, dabba ma tana da dogon gashi, godiya ga wacce nau'in take dauke da sunan asali "Hood Skunk". Gidajen Mexico suna wakiltar yankin Mexico da wasu jihohin Kudancin Amurka, ciki har da Arizona da Texas.

Wani tabo na gabashin shi shine mafi ƙarancin wakilcin dangin Skunk. Bambancin halayyar wannan nau'in shine launi. Mayafin yana da fararen tsage-tsalle, wanda ke haifar da alamomin tsinkayar gani. Mazaunin ƙasar Amurka yana wakilta. Skunk na Kudancin Amurka - bayyanar da duk halaye suna da alaƙa da taguwar skunk. Mazauna ƙasashe da yawa a Kudancin Amurka suna wakilta, ciki har da Bolivia da Peru, Paraguay da Argentina, da kuma Chile.

Habitat, mazauni

Da yawa daga cikin wakilan gidan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma tsarin magabatan a kusan dukkanin yankuna na Sabuwar Duniya suna rayuwa. Dabbobin daga dabi’ar halittar da ke yawo sun bazu daga Kudancin Kanada zuwa Costa Rica, kuma asalin halittar alade-skunk yana zaune yankuna daga kudancin Amurka zuwa Argentina.

Ana iya samun wakilan wakokin 'Spotted skunks' daga ƙananan ƙasashe na British Columbia da yankin Pennsylvania har zuwa Costa Rica. Ellyaƙƙarfan laushi mara lahani da aka kira skunk sune jinsuna biyu waɗanda suke rayuwa a wajen ƙasar Amurka, kuma ana samun su sau da yawa a kan tsibiran tsibirin na Indonesia.

Abincin dabbar skunk

Skunks dabbobi ne na yau da kullun waɗanda suke ciyar da dabbobi da kayan lambu.. Dabbobi masu shayarwa a kan ƙananan wakilai na fauna, kuma ganimarsu na iya zama bera, shush, squirrels, matasa da zomaye, wasu nau'in kifaye da ɓarna, gami da ciyawa, ciyawar kwari da tsutsotsi. Da yardan rai, irin waɗannan dabbobi suna cin kayan lambu da kayan masarufi, tsirrai iri-iri, 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganye, da ƙwaya iri-iri. Idan ya cancanta, ana amfani da safarin abinci a abinci.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Skunks da aka ajiye a matsayin dabbobi masu alaƙa galibi suna iya auna kimanin couplean lokuta kamar takwarorinsu na daji, wanda saboda amfanin abinci da mai mai yawa.

Yayin aiwatar da farautar dare, skunks suna amfani da hankalinsu da kamshinsu da ji, kuma idan suka gano ganima ta hanyar kwari ko kuma masu shayarwa, sai su fara haƙa ƙasa su juyar da ganye ko kuma dutse tare da hanci da paws. Rodan ƙananan ƙwayoyi suna kama haƙoransu yayin tsalle. Don cire fata ko kashin daga abincin, dabbar tana mirgine ta a ƙasa. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna ba da fifiko musamman ga zuma, wacce ake cin abinci tare da ƙudan zuma da ƙoshin zuma.

Abokan halitta

Kunyannun dabbobi masu yawa suna cin ciyawa mai yawa da ciyawa da dabbobi masu lahani, gami da ƙwari da jijiyoyi. A lokaci guda, duk skunks baya cikin rukuni na mahimman abubuwan abinci don wasu nau'in dabbobi, wanda ya faru ne sakamakon kasancewar ƙamshi mai ƙanshi wanda ƙaiƙayi na musamman suka haifar.

Skunks ba wai kawai masu watsa shiri ba ne, har ma da dillalai na wasu abubuwa masu haɗari da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da cuta irin su histoplasmosis. Hakanan, dabbobin daji sukan sha wahala daga rabbobi. Koyaya, babban maqiyan mutane shine mutanen da suke lalata irin wannan dabbobi masu shayarwa saboda ƙyamar da suke ji da kuma lamuran da suka faru na kwanannan akan ƙananan kaji.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Wasu ƙananan dabbobin ganima, gami da coyotes, dawakai, cougars, lynxes na Kanada da kuma manyan tsuntsayen, harma da mafi girman tsuntsayen, suna da ikon kaiwa hari ƙarami kuma ba su da girma.

Yawancin mutane skunks na shekaru daban-daban suna mutuwa sakamakon haɗarin haɗari ko lokacin cin abinci na musamman na guba.

Kiwo da zuriya

Tsawan canjin skunks yana faduwa ne a cikin kaka, kamar a watan Satumba. Da farko watan Oktoba, fitar maniyyi a cikin maza ya daina. Mace na zama cikakkiyar yin jima'i shekara guda bayan haihuwa, kuma estrus a cikin irin wannan dabba ya bayyana ne kawai a watan Satumba. Skunks suna cikin dabbobi da yawa, saboda haka maza za su iya yin aure tare da mata da yawa lokaci guda, amma ba sa cikin kula da zuriya.

Tsawanin lokacin haihuwar shine kwanaki 28-31. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da daidaituwa - idan ya cancanta, mace tana da jinkiri cikin shigar da tayi a jikin bango, wanda shine amfanida tayi na musamman. A wannan yanayin, lokacin haihuwar na iya tsawaita har zuwa watanni biyu, bayan haka daga haihuwar uku zuwa goma ana yin nauyin 22.0-22.5 g .. An haifi jariran makafi ne da kurma, an rufe su da fata mai kama da kamannin zazzabin velor.

Bayan kamar 'yan makonni,' Ya'yan sun buɗe idanunsu, kuma a ƙarshen wata ɗaya, cuban sandunan da ke girma suna iya ɗaukar halayen kare kai. Dabba tana samun ikon harba ruwa mai kamshi sau daya da rabi bayan haihuwa. Mace suna ciyar da cuban su na ɗan abin da ba su yi ƙasa da wata biyu ba, kuma ƙananan garken sun canza zuwa ciyarwa mai cin gashin kansu bayan wasu watanni. Iyalin suna ciyar da lokacin farko na hunturu tare, sannan kuma tsofaffin skunks sun fara rayayye don neman wuri don sassaucin fata.