A launi da Jawo na Japana Sable ya bambanta daga launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa zuwa launin ruwan kasa, akwai tabo mai kyau a bayan kai. Yana da nau'in halayen jiki na yau da kullun irin na martens da dama, gajerun kafafu, da wutsiyar wutsiya. Tsawon jikin waɗannan dabbobin ya kai daga 47 zuwa 54 cm, kuma tsawon wutsiya daga cm 17 zuwa 23. Maza sun fi maza yawa kuma suna nauyi a kan matsakaicin kilogiram 1.6, yayin da mace take kimanin kilogram 1.0.
Yaɗa
Sababin Jafananci sun samo asali ne a kan manyan tsibirai guda uku na Kudancin Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Tsushima, da kuma Koriya. Don samun dama, an kawo su zuwa tsibiran Hokkaido da Sado. Matsayin ta na asali galibi gandun daji, amma wani lokacin ana samun su a wasu wuraren buɗe.
Tobolsk mai sable
Yana zaune a yankin da yake tsakanin tsaunin Ural da Ob. Launin furcinsa mai haske ne, yana fitowa daga launuka mai launin shuɗi zuwa launin ruwan hoda. Tana da girma da girma da kuma fure mai haske, a tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan dabbobin cancanta.
Tsawon jiki tare da kai a cikin maza shine 41-51 cm, kuma a cikin mace - 37-49 cm. Tsawon wutsiya shine 13-17 cm.
Rayuwa
Ba a san kaɗan game da salon rayuwar sabulu ba. Suna gina sheƙun buɗaɗɗe a cikin kaburbura, da kan bishiyoyi. A nan suke ɓoye da rana don su fita neman abinci da dare. Waɗannan dabbobi na ƙasa ne waɗanda ke alamar shafin su tare da asirin gland mai ƙanshi. Ban da lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin, suna zaune shi kaɗai. Kamar yawancin martens, su dabbobi ne masu yawan iko waɗanda ke ciyar da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma wasu dabbobi masu zazzagewa kamar tsuntsaye da kwaro, da crustaceans, kwari, berries da tsaba.
Dabbar ta hanyar canjin ta fara a cikin Maris - Mayu; a watan Yuli - Agusta, macen ta fito da daga 1 zuwa biyar Bayan watanni 4, sun sami 'yanci.
Bayyanar
Kamar sauran nau'in halittar, 'yar kasar Japan tana da santsi mai santsi da gauraya, gajere da kafafu. Tare tare da kai, tsawon jikin mutum yakai 47-54 cm, kuma wutsiya tana da tsawon 17-23 cm. Amma mafi kyawun sifofin halayen dabba mai furfura shine babban wutsiya mai santsi da fur. Hakanan, dabbar tana jan hankali tare da dusar launin fari mai launin shuɗi. Akwai martens japan da duhu launin ruwan kasa. A zahiri, dabbar dabbar dabbar tana da launi mai “camouflage” don dacewa da mazauninta.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Wani fasali mai kyau, mai ban sha'awa na wannan kyakkyawan sable shine wuri mai haske a wuyan. A cikin wasu dabbobi yana da fari fari, a wasu kuma yana iya zama launin ruwan hoda ko launin toka mai launi.
Maza sun bambanta da mace a cikin manya girma. Yawan nauyinsu zai iya kusan kilo biyu, wanda yake sau uku fiye da nauyin mace. Thewarar da aka saba da ita na yarinyar Jafananci shine daga gram 500 zuwa kilo 1.
Tsawon rayuwa
A cikin daji, Sable na Jafananci yana rayuwa a matsakaici game da shekaru 9-10. Dabbobin da aka sa a cikin bauta cikin kyakkyawa, kusanci zuwa yanayin yanayi, ana iya ƙaruwa game da tsammanin rayuwa. Kodayake wannan ragin ne, yana da wahala a ga marten Jafananci ko wasu nau'in halittar da ake yin su a cikin zoos.
Habitat, mazauni
Ana samun sashin na Jafananci galibi a tsibirin Japan - Shikoku, Honshu, Kyushu da Hokkaido. An dauki dabbar zuwa tsibiri na ƙarshe daga Honshu a cikin 40s don haɓaka masana'antar fur. Hakanan, marten Jafananci yana zaune a yankin Koriya ta Koriya. Gidajen da aka fi so daga wuraren Jafananci sune gandun daji Musamman ma dabba tana son ƙaunar daji da itacen oak. Zai iya zama maɗaukaki a cikin tsaunuka (har zuwa 2000 m sama da matakin teku), muddin akwai haɓaka bishiyoyi waɗanda ke matsayin wurin kariya da ramin rami. Yana da wuya idan dabbar ta zauna a wani wurin buɗe ido.
Kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa don marten Jafananci a tsibirin Tsushima. Kusan babu lokacin hunturu, kuma kashi 80% na yankin yana mamaye dazuzzuka. Populationarancin yawan tsibirin, yanayin zafin jiki shine tabbatattun tabbataccen tabbacin rayuwar kwanciyar hankali, rayuwa mai natsuwa da kuma kiwo daga dabbobi masu furfura.
Jafananci sable abinci
Me ya ci wannan dabba mai kyau da kyau? A gefe guda, shi maƙiyi ne (amma a kan ƙananan dabbobi), a ɗayan - mai cin ganyayyaki kawai. Za a iya kira Marten Jafananci omnivorous kuma ba picky. Dabba zata iya dacewa da mazauninta da sauyin yanayi, kuma tana iya cin kananan dabbobi, kwari, berries da tsaba.
Yawanci, abincin Jafananci ya ƙunshi qwai, tsuntsaye, frogs, crustaceans, soya, qwai, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, wasps, millipedes, gwoza, gizo-gizo, yawancin mazaunan wuraren ajiyar ruwa, beraye, tsutsotsi.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Jafananci sable yayin farauta ciyawa ciyawa ba taba cije shi ta hanyar m taguwar kwari. Don wasu dalilai, tsokanar su ta wuce ta fuskokinsu masu wuce gona da iri na gidansu. Kamar dai ba za a iya ganuwa sabili da irin wannan lokacin ba - abin mamakin yanayi!
Marten na Jafananci yana cin berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa yayin rasa sauran abinci. Yawancin lokaci “cin ganyayyaki” yakan faɗi a cikin lokacin daga bazara zuwa kaka. Ga mutane, tabbataccen gefen marten Jafananci shine cewa yana lalata ƙananan ƙwayoyin - kwari daga filayen kuma shine mai ceton girbin hatsi.
Abokan halitta
Babban maƙiyi mai haɗari ga kusan dabbobi duka, har da masu Jafananci, mutum ne wanda burinsa kyakkyawan gashin dabba ne. Mawakan masu farauta sun nemi farauta ta kowace hanya da aka hana.
Mahimmanci! A tsakanin kewayon murhun Jafananci (banda tsibirin Tsushim da Hokkaido, wanda doka ta kiyaye dabba), an yarda farauta kawai watanni biyu - Janairu da Fabrairu!
Aboki na biyu na dabba shine ilimin dabbobi masu rauni: saboda abubuwa masu guba da ake amfani da su a cikin noma, dabbobi da yawa suma suna mutuwa. Saboda waɗannan dalilai guda biyu, yawan jama’ar Japan ya ƙi sosai har ya zama tilas a jera su a cikin Littafin Layi na Duniya. Amma game da abokan gaba, akwai kadan daga cikinsu. X xarfin dabbobi da rayuwar rayuwarta wata kariya ce ta halitta ga haɗarin haɗari. Marten Jafananci, lokacin da yaji wata barazana ga rayuwarsa, nan take ya ɓoye a cikin ɓarnar bishiyoyi ko ƙyallen.
Kiwo da zuriya
Tare da farkon watannin bazara, wajan Jafananci zai fara yanayin daskarewa. Daga Maris zuwa Mayu dabbobin za su yi aure. Mutane dayawa wadanda suka balaga - shekaru 1-2 suna shirye don samar da zuriya. Lokacin da mace ta yi juna biyu ta yadda babu abin da zai hana 'yar kwikwiyo haihuwar haihuwa, diapause yana faruwa a cikin jiki: dukkan matakai, ana hana hanzarin, kuma dabbar zata iya ɗaukar tayin a cikin mafi tsananin yanayin.
Daga tsakiyar watan Yuli zuwa farkon farkon watan Agusta, ana haihuwar zuriyawan Jafananci. Litter ɗin ya ƙunshi puppy 1-5. Mazaunin haihuwa an haife su ne da ɓoyayyen kumburi, maras gani kuma marasa taimako. Babban abincin su shine madarar mata. Da zaran kananan yara sables ya kai shekaru 3-4, zasu iya barin mahaifiyarsu, tunda sun riga sun sami damar farauta da kansu. Kuma da balaga ta jima'i, sun fara "alamar" iyakokin ƙasarsu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
A cewar wasu rahotanni, kimanin shekaru miliyan biyu da suka gabata, marten Jafananci (Martes melampus) ya zama wani nau'in daban daban daga sable da aka saba (Martes zibellina) A yau, akwai wasu abubuwa uku da ke ciki - Martes melampus coreensis (mazaunin Kudancin da Koriya ta Arewa), Martes melampus tsuensis (mazaunin tsibirin a Japan - Tsushima) da M. m. Melampus.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Peungiyar ta Martes melampus tsuensis an kiyaye ta bisa doka a tsibirin Tsushima, wanda a cikin kashi 88% na gandun daji, wanda 34% na da wadatattun ƙauyuka ne. Yau, Jafananci doka tana kiyaye doka kuma an jera shi a cikin Littafin Duniya baki daya.
Sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam a cikin yanayin Jafan, canje-canje masu ban mamaki ya faru, wanda bai shafi rayuwar rayuwar Jafananci ba ta hanya mafi kyau. Lambar ta ya ragu sosai (poaching, da amfani da kwari na gona). A 1971, an yanke shawarar kare dabbar.
Barguzinsky sable
Yana zaune a bakin tekun Lake Baikal da kuma ko'ina cikin tudun Barguzinsky. Tana da ɗayan launuka mafi duhu na Jawo, kodayake akwai ƙananan launuka waɗanda suke da duhu sosai, kusan launin baki .. Tsawon jiki tare da kai a cikin maza shine 39-42 cm, kuma a cikin mata 36-41 cm. Tsawon wutsiya a cikin maza shine 12-15 cm, mace 12-14 cm.
01.05.2017
Sable na Jafananci, ko marten Jafananci (lat. Martes melampus) ya mamaye wani wuri na musamman a cikin labarin Tarihi na Jafananci. Jafananci sun yi imani cewa tsohuwar wannan dabbar ta zama, yayin da hankali kuma tare da babbar daraja dole ne a bi da ita. Idan ma kun yi masa laifi da gangan, lalle za ku ƙone cikin wuta tare da duk kayanku. A cikin mafi kyawun yanayi, za a rufe ku kawai da ambaliyar ruwa a cikin tsaunuka.
Irin wannan gaskatawa ya taso ne saboda iskar dabba mai haske. Idan ya yi sauri zai tafi, mutane da tunanin kirki suna dauke shi don harshen harshen wuta.
A tsakiyar Japan, inda gobara ke yawan faruwa, har ma samurai masu tsananin kishin suna haduwa da irin wannan hadarin.
A lokaci guda, an yi imanin cewa idan kun sami damar haɗuwa da wata dabba da ke da ƙoshin lafiya da murmushi a cikin hat bamboo, riƙe kwalban sake a ɗayan pawatsin kuɗi da nauyi mai tarin yawa a ɗayan, to hakika za kuyi tsammanin nasara mai kyau da wadata.
Mazaunin Jafananci
Yanzu akwai biyan kuɗi uku. M.m. Ana samun melampus a tsibiri da yawa a kudancin Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), M.m. An rarraba coreensis a ofasan Koriya ta Kudu, da M.m. tsuensis yana zaune ne kawai a tsibirin Tsushima kuma yana cikin barazanar ƙarewa. Game da kiwo azaman dabbobi masu furfura, an fara biyan tallafin farko zuwa tsibiran arewacin Sado da Hokkaido. Nazarin kwayoyin halitta sun nuna cewa rabuwa da wannan nau'in daga Martes zibellina, wanda yanzu haka yana zaune a cikin Siberian taiga, ya faru ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 1.8 da suka gabata.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa, kamar sauran wakilan dangin Kunih (lat. Mustalidae), ke haifar da rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. Tana hawa bishiyoyi cikakke kuma cikin sauƙi daga itace zuwa itace, yana rufe nesa har zuwa 1.5 m kowace dabba tana da filayen farauta tare da yanki na murabba'in murabba'in 0.6-0.8. km Iyakokinsa suna alamar ta asirin huji mai ƙanshi, fitsari da feza.
Ingancin warin ƙanshi yana hana dabbobi shiga cikin kayan wani da ke da ƙamshin wani, don haka takaddama tsakanin su ke faruwa da wuya.
Mafi yawansu suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji, musamman kamar itacen oak. A irin wannan yankin koyaushe akwai bishiyoyi da yawa tare da rami, inda zaka iya ɓoyewa daga duk haɗari ko tono rami a ƙarƙashin lokacin farin ciki.
Babban maƙiyi na halitta shine karnukan feral. Wauta ce ta zama ruwan dare a wasu yankuna. An kama dabbobi don tarin masu zaman kansu ko harbe don fur mai mahimmanci.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Sabub na Jafananci suna da ban mamaki saboda kyawawan dabi'unsu. Abincinsu ya dogara da lokacin da yanayin rayuwa. Suna ciyar da abinci na dabbobi da asalinsu shuka. Tsarin menu na mai cin ganyayyaki ya ƙunshi yawancin berries, tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a gare su sune inabi, fig, persimmons, mulberries, actinidia, raspberries and cherries.
Dabbobin suna marmarin cin naman, gwanayen duniya, katantanwa, gizo-gizo, gwoza da ciyawa. A wani lokaci, ba za su ƙi cin abinci akan ƙwai tsuntsu da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba. Wadanda abin ya shafa su ne beraye da beraye, galibi squirrels da hares. A hankali suna lalata ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari, suna kiyaye daidaitattun wuraren kiwo a yankunda suka mallaka. Suna kuma taka rawa sosai wajen rarrabewar tsirrai iri daban-daban. A wasu yankuna, adadin ƙwayayen da ba a nuna su a cikin tsananin su 60% na duk abincin da aka ci.
Bayanin
Tsawon jikinsa ya kai cm 47-54, kuma wutsiyarsa ta kasance santimita 17-23 cm 7. Matsakaicin nauyin maza ya kai kimanin kilogiram 1.6. Matan sun yi awo sama da 1 kg. Mayafin yana da kauri, taushi da yawa. Launi ya bambanta daga tan zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Ciki ya yi fari ko mai kirim. Wani farin tabo na halayyar an gano shi a bayan kai da wulakanci. Alƙalumma suna da ɗan gajeru. Wutsiya tana da faɗi. Jiki yana da sassauƙa da elongated.
Ba a san tabbataccen yanayin rayuwar sabban Jafananci a cikin vivo. A cikin bauta, suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12.