Ganyen ido
Chlorops pumilionis Bjerk.
yin odar Diptera, dangin Cereal kwari / Chloropidae
Liesaura mai tsayi 3-4 mm, mai rawaya mai haske, tare da ratsin madaidaiciya mai launin baki uku a baya, ƙwallan ido na baki da maɓallin triangular sama da ƙafar kafafu na tsakiya. Eggan farin fari, mai elongated, kunkuntar a ƙarshen ƙarkashinsa, yayke, tsawon 0.8 mm. Tsutsa dan kadan mai launin shuɗi, tsawon mm 7. Thearshen ƙarshen jikin yana daɗaɗɗen abu daga sama, tare da ƙananan tubuss biyu. Coonar kunkuntar kunkuntar, Silinda, 6-6.5 mm tsayi.
Generationan ƙarni na farko ya tashi a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu kuma da sannu zai fara sa ƙwai tare da jijiyoyin a kan ganyen alkama da sha'ir, yana rufe kunnun hatsi. Larvae shiga farjin babban ganye. Yayin rayuwarsa, tashi tayi sama da ƙwai 140. Shawarta na larvae na faruwa a cikin shuka.
Flying na ƙarni na biyu suna bayyana kafin girbi, kuma an ɗora ƙwai akan hatsi na hunturu, a cikin su suna kasancewa zuwa hunturu.
Yada ko'ina cikin Turai ta CIS, Caucasus da Siberiya.
Chlorops pumilionis
Chlorops taeniopus, Alkama-mai shara ya tashi
Ganyen ido - kwaro na hunturu da alkama mai bazara, hatsin hunturu, sha'ir. Zuwa mafi ƙarancin hatsi. Daga ciyawar daji ta tsiro a kan ciyawar alkama mai rarrafewa. Fodder tsire-tsire sun haɗa da gero, ryegrass, bristle, gero Italiyanci. Ci gaban ya cika. Yin bisexual. Ya danganta da yankin da mazauninsu ke kasancewa, al'ummomin 2-3 sun bunkasa a lokacin girma. Tsutsa tsintsiya.
Danna hoto don faɗaɗawa
100 karafuna na raga
Ilimin halittar jiki
Imago. Fly 2 - 5 mm. Babban launi na launin rawaya ne. A bayansa akwai rabeyoyi masu tsayi da fadi uku, a gefunansu - biyu kunkuntar. Baya na kai da kan alwatilen idanu baki ne. Antennae duhu. Idon rayayyun kwari masu launin kore. Kafafu suna launin rawaya mai duhu tare da baƙin ciki mai duhu na tsinkayen fata. Fuka-fukan suna da launin toka mai sheki kamar bakan gizo.
Dimorphism na jima'i
Individualsan kishili sun bambanta a tsarin gabobin maza. Ana amfani da tsarin halittar maza da mata don tantance jinsin daidai.
Siffofin jima'i na biyu:
Mace. Abun ciki yayi yawa.
Namiji. Abun ciki yayi gajere da na mace, triangular.
Ya hadu da kwan milky fari. Farfajiyar ta kama da hanzari. Tsawon 0.2 - 1 mm.
Tsutsa tsawon 6 - 9 mm, launi na ciki yana da fari tare da firam mai launin shuɗi. An nuna ƙarshen gaban jikin. Mandibles suna da fasalin sikila, a tsakiyar tsakiyar ciki akwai haƙorin guda ɗaya. A karshen jikin tsutsa, akwai abubuwa guda biyu. Siffar ƙarshen zamani ya narke.
Doll. Dalibin ɗalibin silili ne, tsawon milimita 5-5, launin ruwan kasa mai haske ko ruwan hoda.
Phenology na ci gaba (a cikin kwanaki)
Ci gaba
Imago. Jirgin na farkon kwari yana lura da ƙarshen Mayu - Yuni. Farkon-jirgi yana tashi tare da ƙwayayen kwayayen a cikin ovaries. Yawan rayuwar manya shine kwanaki 15 zuwa 20.
Lokacin yanka. Thean farkon ƙaruwa na tashi ƙwai akan hatsi kafin a je, a kan babba da ƙananan ganyayyaki ɗaya a lokaci guda, ƙasa da sau biyu. Imagoes na ƙarni na biyu suna kwance ƙwai akan hatsi na hunturu da ciyawar alkama. Haihuwa yakai qwai 150.
Ya hadu da kwan. Amfrayo ya yi kwana 11 zuwa 13.
Tsutsa gnaws grooves a cikin tushe a bayan farjin na babba ganye, m sau da yawa a cikin kunne nama. Zamanin farko yana ciyar da farawar kunne da kyallen takarda da kunne, gwargwadon girman haɓakar tsiron. -An shekarun ƙarni na biyu na hunturu a cikin ciyawar ganye da tsire-tsire na hatsi na daji ko harbe na hatsi na hunturu. Tsawancin ci gaban lardin shine kwanaki 21 - 42.
Doll. Larvae na farko da na biyu tsara pupate a cikin mai tushe. Adadin ɗaliban ci gaban kwanaki 15-35.
Imago. Flying na biyu (lokacin rani) tashi a watan Yuli. Shekarunsu suna wuce har zuwa Satumba - Oktoba. Wannan tsararraki ya dade a cikin yanayin tunanin diapause na dogon lokaci. Mata na biyu sun tashi daga ɗalibai tare da ovaries. Ruwan ciki na ciki ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta - Satumba. Ana haifar da shi ta hanyar yanayin zafi, har zuwa + 25 ° C - + 26 ° C, yayin haɓakar puparia.
Siffofin haɓaka. A lokacin girma, yawanci ƙarni biyu ke haɓaka, a kudancin Turai (Italiya) - tsararraki uku.
Tsarin nau'in hygrophilic, matsakaici thermophilic. Yanayin ci gaban da ya fi dacewa: zazzabi + 16 ° C - + 25 ° C, gumi mai kusanci 75 - 100%. Yankin da ya fi dacewa ga dukkanin matakai na ci gaban ƙarni na farko ya ta'allaka da ƙananan yanayin zafi fiye da na ƙarni na biyu.
Tsarin ilimin halittar dan adam
Dangane da ilimin halittar halittar mutum (tsarin waje) na manya, Chlorops planifrons suna da kusanci da jinsin da aka bayyana.
An rarrabe ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa postutellum (samuwar sifar mara lafiyan tsakanin scutellum da ciki) an keɓance ta ko'ina, yanki mai haske, in da, basu samar da tsattsauran ra'ayi ba. Ovipositor cerci kunkuntar, masu elongated ne sosai.
Baya ga nau'in da aka bayyana, ana samun Chlorops calceata da Chlorops serena, waɗanda kuma iri ɗaya ne a cikin ilimin halittar jiki zuwa Green-eyed (Chlorops pumilionis).
Malware
Ganyen ido - kwaro mai hatsarin gaske na hatsin hunturu, sha'ir, hunturu da alkama na bazara. Cutarwa larvae. Kara daga wani tsutsa baya lalacewa, ci gabanta yana jinkirta. Tsararraki na biyu yana cutar da ofan hunturu da hatsi na daji. Girma na tsirrai da aka lalace ana jinkiri sosai, yawan aiki yana raguwa sau biyu.
Matsalar tattalin arziƙi An ƙaddara shi a farkon tillering kuma an kafa shi lokacin da aka gano kwari 40-50 a cikin bugun jini 100 tare da net ko 10% na mai tushe mai lalacewa.
Bayyanar kore-ido
A tsayi, waɗannan kwari suna isa milimita 3-5.
Launin jikin fatar-ido mai haske mai launin rawaya ne, kuma a bayan sa akwai ratsi mai tsayi guda uku. Alwatika mai duhu mai ban sha'awa yana kawata kai. Idanu masu launin kore, gabobi baƙi ne.
Gurasa mai launin kore-ido (Chlorops pumilionis).
Qwai masu launin kore-ido suna da siffar silima mai tsawo. Ayan ɗaya ya fi convex. Tsawon kwai yakai mil 1 mil.
Tsawon jikin tsutsa shine 7 millimita. Launin jikin yana launin rawaya. Larvae ba su da aiki, suna da madaidaiciyar ƙirar madaidaiciya a tsakiyar tare da haƙori.
Coonarƙar kwandon shara ta cylindrical a sifa, kusan milimita 6 a tsayi, haske rawaya a launi.
Ganyen idanu suna yaɗu a cikin Turai.
Range da mazaunin kore-ido
Wadannan kwari suna gama gari a Yammacin Turai: a Ingila, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Finland. Hakanan, idanu masu launin kore suna zaune kusan ko'ina cikin ƙasarmu daga Crimea zuwa Siberiya da Gabas mai nisa.
Sun fi son wuraren da ke da zafi sosai. A cikin yankuna masu bushewa, idanun koren basu zama ruwan dare ba, sabili da haka basa haifar da illa ga amfanin gona.
A wuraren da ke da zafi sosai, idanun koren suna jin dadi sosai fiye da yanayin bushewa.
Regulation na yawan kore-idanu
Tare da isasshen abinci da yanayin yanayin da ya dace, waɗannan ƙwararrun zasu iya yin kiwo cikin adadi masu yawa. Yanayin yanayin ƙasa ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi ne ga lambobin waɗannan kwari. A cikin yanayin bushewa, a zazzabi na kusan digiri 30 da zafi na 25-30%, adadin manyan larvae, ƙwai da pupae sun mutu.
Larvae ido-kore da pupae suna kula da danshi.
Bugu da kari, adadin korayen idanu-kore ana yin su ne ta hanyar kwari masu ruwa da kwaya. A larvae na parasites Coelinius niger Nees da Stenomalus micaris a hankali suna cinye lardin-ido da rai. Thearancin da ke ɓoye ya ɓarke shafin bayanan mai watsa shiri, cinye alkama ya fita. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, parasites tashi daga baya fiye da ido-kore na kimanin kwanaki 15.
A cikin rigar yanayi, babban adadin pupae da larvae sun mutu daga cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan fungal.
Lalacewar Gashi
Lardin wadannan kwari suna haifar da lalacewa iri biyu. An samo su a cikin kaka a cikin mai tushe na hatsin rai da alkama kuma suna ciyar da kyallen takarda. Irin wannan tasirin yakan haifar da daɗaɗɗiyar toho, ganyayyaki kuma su faɗaɗa kuma suka zama toka. A cikin hunturu, a matsayin mai mulkin, waɗannan mai tushe sun mutu.
Ganyen idanu suna lalata kwayar alkama, tsirin ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da cuta kuma ya mutu.
A lokacin rani da damina, idanu kore suna lalata internodes na alkama na hunturu. Tsutsa yana yin tsagi a kan kara zuwa farkon farko, a sakamakon haka, kyallen da ke haifar da karuwar ya lalace kuma ya fara girma a hankali, sai kuma sashen ya yi kauri. Kunnen kunnen ya zama sako-sako, wanda hakan ke haifar da raguwar yawan hatsi. Girbi na iya raguwa da kashi 32-42%.
A ƙwayar cuta da ta lalace, hatsi sun fi sauƙin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta - alpars da fusarium.
Intensarfin cutar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwallayen fata ke aikatawa a cikin shekaru daban-daban na iya bambanta, yana iya zama daga 15 zuwa 74%.
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