Na hau babbar hanyar Pamir daga Osh zuwa Khorog, ina zaune a bayan wata mota a kan kayakin hawa-ruwa wanda aka rufe da safarar ruwa. Ya fi dacewa a lura da tsuntsaye; babu irin wannan kallon daga motar motocin. Hanya a gabashin Pamirs tana wucewa ta hanyar wani yanki mai tsabta ta hanyar ƙananan tuddai kuma ta hanyar kwari mai kwari Altitude anan sama da mita dubu 4. Filin filayen jeji yana daure ta hanyar tsaunin tsayawa a tsaye daga nesa, yana tashi sama da shi tsawon tsahon mita dubu 2.
A irin wannan tsaunukan tsayi, akwai alama babu tsuntsaye da yawa. Koyaya, a ranar farko ta tafiya ta gabas Pamirs, Na kirga fiye da dozin. Mafi sau da yawa, an samo tsoffin larks. Kirghiz suna kiransu "kara-kash", wanda ke nufin "baƙar fata": gashin baki biyu na gashin fuka-fukai suna girma a gefen waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsayen. Kurdawan lardin suna zaune ba kawai a cikin babban hamada ba, har ma a cikin tsaunukan Asiya da Arewacin Amurka. Babu ƙasa da shimfidar dusar ƙanƙara mai faɗi, tsuntsayen baƙi da fararen tsuntsu suna ta kuwwa da ƙarfi a kan dukan hanyar. Wani garken pige dutsen da ke tashi da sauri, jaket na baki mai tsayi suna ta murɗawa cikin muryar jin dadi, sai wani maciji Mongolia ya hadu, ƙaramin murfin da ke zaune ba a cikin rafuffuka ba, amma a busasshiyar hamada ta dutse. Duk waɗannan tsuntsayen, kamar abincin abincin, corynus redstart da jannatin jajaye, hamada Kamenka, sun saba da ni. Ina fatan haduwa da tsuntsayen da ke zaune a cikin Pamirs - kurciya mai fari-da safiya.
Tibet sajah girman tattabara, amma ba kamar shi ba, saj yana da dolo mai kama da doguwar fata da sifar halayya, ya bambanta da tattabara mai kama da fika fikafikan. A kan kai, a kirji da a bayansa akwai wani ƙaramin baƙar fata, ƙasan ya yi fari, ƙarshen fikafikan baƙi ne.
Muna da ɗan sani game da sajah na Tibet. Koda saduwa da wannan tsuntsu yana da fifiko ga kimiyya. 'Yan ƙwararrun masanan kimiyya sun gan shi, kuma mutum ɗaya ne kawai ya sami damar gano gida tare da masonry - masanin kimiyyar Tajik Islom Abdusalyamov. Ofaya daga cikin masana ilimin kimiyyar ilimin halittar yara ya bayyana cewa, al'adun gargajiyar Tibet sun fi dacewa a kan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire mai tsayi. Tsuntsaye suna sha da yawa, wanda suke tashi zuwa rami na ruwa na dubun kilomita. Suna kawo ruwa a kawunansu cikin kwastomomin su. Littafin RedS na USSR akan adadin sajas na Tibet ya ce: "fewan biyun.
Ban da Tibet, a cikin ƙasarmu akwai kuma wani ƙaramin saj, ko kofato. Tana zaune a filayen jeji na Kazakhstan. Suna kiranta da kofato saboda yatsun wannan tsuntsu sun girma tare kuma sunyi matashin kai, kamar kofato. A kan irin waɗannan pawson, yana da sauƙin tsuntsu ya iya tafiya tare da ƙasan hamada mai zafi. Saib din Tibet yana zaune a cikin tsaunukan tuddai, a nan duniya ba ta yin zafi ko da a cikin ranakun da ya fi zafi, saboda haka kafafunan su talakawa ne, da yatsunsu.
Pamir na Gabas yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da tsanani, ana saninsa da bushewa, babbar hasken rana, iska mai ƙarfi, wani ɗan gajeren lokaci mai zafi, ƙarancin zafi da kuma babban ƙarfin yanayi na yau da kullun: yana iya yin zafi a rana yayin rana da sanyi sosai a cikin dare. Kari akan haka, ana ganin karancin iskar oxygen a manyan tsaunuka, saboda a tsawon 5000 m sama da matakin teku, matsanancin iska shine rabin al'ada (380 mmHg, tare da ka'idar 760 mm).
A zahiri, fauna tsuntsayen talakawa ne. Koyaya, Pamir ba hamada bace ba; a tsawan tsawan tsahon mita 5 da 6, tsuntsayen ba wai kawai suna rayuwa bane, harma da gida, kuma suna shayar da kajin su. Babu makawa ana iya bayanin talaucin fatarar fauna ta hanyar rashin abinci. A tsayi sama da mita dubu 4, ba kawai ana samun tsire-tsire ba, har ma da manyan tsirrai. "Rock Pet zoocenoses", al'ummomin musamman na kananan dabbobi masu rashin gaskiya, suma suna ta karuwa anan. Suna ciyar da kusoshi, gewaye da gizo-gizo da yawa. A kan mosses kuma dabam Jaket ticks da millipedes, lithobiids, shirya tare da tsire-tsire fure. Don haka tsuntsayen suna da isasshen abinci. Ina tsammanin ɗayan manyan dalilan don talaucin fauna na tsuntsaye na manyan tsaunuka ana iya kiransa iska mai ƙarfi. Amma tsuntsaye sun daidaita da matsanancin yanayi. Ba don komai ba ne cewa Pamir finches, redstart, curls da sauran ƙananan passerines gida a cikin scree karkashin duwatsun a manyan zurfi, inda babu bushewa da sanyaya iska. Tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin bazara, lokacin kiwo na tsuntsayen Pamirian kuma ya gajarta, akwai ɗan tsintsiya guda ɗaya, kuma adadin ƙwai da ke damun ya ragu. Wani ƙwaya mai narkewa, alal misali, a cikin kwari na Alai, wanda ke kusa, amma ƙananan mita dubu, yana sanya ƙwai 5-6, kuma a gabashin Pamirs - kawai 2-3 qwai. Masana ilimin kimiyya kuma sun samo ganimar wannan tsuntsun tare da kwai ɗaya. Ko da abinci, yana iya zama mai wahala ga tsuntsu ya ciyar da kajin 5-6 a cikin iska mai ƙarfi.
Na yi tunanin ganin hanyar Tibet, sai na hau duka titin Pamir, amma ban hadu da wannan yarinyar ba. Abinda yafi dacewa shine abokin aikina R. L. Potapov, wanda ya dade yana aiki a cikin Pamirs. Ga yadda ya bayyana wannan taron: “Da farko, wasu baƙi sun tashi a kusa, suna yin sautuna na musamman waɗanda ban taɓa jin su ba. Kuma jirginsu, tare da fuka-fukai masu zurfi, mai kaifi, suna da yawa sosai. Waɗannan su sajs Tibet ne. Da zarar na ga wannan tsuntsu, da wuya ya rikitar da shi wani kuma bayan wani lokaci sai naga wani garke na sajas.Da goma sha biyar daga cikinsu suka tafi da sauri suka bina a cikin jirgin sama, suna kira cikin rashin damuwa: "Uwaa. Uh-vw. "Daga nan ne na fahimci daga inda sunan Kyrgyz wannan tsuntsu ya zo - UVak. Sun bar ni a cikin nisan mita ashirin, sun tafi tare, tare da tashi sama da mita ɗari da rabi, sun fara ciyar da ƙasa. ciyar da tafi.
Kallon tsuntsayen, sai na bi bayan sa'a guda. Gaskiyar maganarsu, maimakon ƙage ko da kwaɗayi, ta kasance mai ban mamaki, sannan kuma dalilin wannan ɓarkewar saj cikin sauri a cikin Pamirs ya bayyana a gare ni. "
Yawan jama'ar karkara ba sa farautar sajas na Tibet, waɗannan tsuntsayen sun faɗi a ƙarƙashin yawan ziyartar mutane - direbobi da masu halartar balaguro dabam-dabam. Yanzu harbi saji a cikin Tajik SSR an haramta.
LIFESTYLE
Saji suna zaune ne a Afirka, Asiya da wasu yankuna na kudancin Turai. Yawancin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a wurare masu yanayin yanayin yanayin illa.
Tibet, ko tsauni, sajah na zaune a wani yanki na yanayin sanyi, kusa da iyakar dusar ƙanƙara, a tsaunuka a tsawan sama da 3,000 zuwa 6,000 m sama da matakin teku, kuma fararen hular da ke cikin farin ruwa ke rayuwa. An bambanta dukkanin sajas ta jimiri, rashin banbanci ga abinci da sauƙi daidaitawa, don haka suna rayuwa cikin yanayin da ba a yarda da sauran dabbobi ba. Ripples tashi da sauri.
Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ciyarwa kuma suna barci a cikin manyan garke. Yawancin nau'ikan suna aiki yayin rana, amma, Liechtenstein ruffles, waɗanda ke zaune a Gabashin Afirka, suna bacci lokacin tsananin zafin rana. Kafin zuwa gado, an binne Saji rabin ƙasa mai sanyi. Saji tsuntsaye ne masu hankali. Su, suna manne wa ƙasa, saboda launi mai kariya suna ganuwa gaba ɗaya.
Yaduwa
Lokacin yin nishadi da walwala daga magidantan ya kasance daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa karshen watan Yuli. Yayin balaguron, maza suna gudana a kan kafafu madaidaiciya, a madadin su ninkaya, sannan su yada gashin gashin wutsiya, kuma suka haɗu har zuwa 2 m.
Yayin al'ada, mazan ma sukan yi kururuwa bayan mace ko kuma tattabara suna tafiya da su. Duk grouse gida a ƙasa. Suna neman dacewar lamuran da suka kewaye su da lu'ulu'u. Gidajen waɗannan tsuntsayen suna nan a sarari, kawai a wani yanayi an ɓoye su a ƙarƙashin kurmin itacen tsutsa ko hatsi. A tsakanin ranakun 21-31, tsuntsayen biyu suna kwanciyar hankali. Da rana, namiji yana kawo abincin mace. Ana haihuwar kaji a rufe cikin ruwa kuma kusan nan da nan suka fara neman abinci. Iyaye bawai kawai suna shan karensu da ruwa daga gemunsu ba, har ma suna kawo ruwa a cikin zubewar ciki.
SIFFOFIN CIKIN SAURARA
Tsuntsaye manya: saboda launi mai kariya na kabewa (daga haske mai haske zuwa duhu mai duhu), tsuntsayen suna kusan ganuwa. Maza a cikin babban adadin kumburin ciki na iya daukar ruwa mai yawa ga kajin.
Gudanarwa: ya ƙunshi 2-3, wasu lokuta 4 masu launin ruwan hoda masu launin shuɗi, waɗanda mata da maza ke ɗaukar su.
- Habitat na amarya
INA SON LAFIYA
Ripples sun zama ruwan dare a kudancin Faransa da Spain, a cikin Asiya tare da iyakar kudu a Indiya da arewacin Mongolia da kuma a cikin Gobi Desert, a yawancin Afirka, ciki har da tsibirin Madagascar.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA
Tunda ango ke zaune a yankuna masu tsananin wahala, basu da ɗan adam. A yau, yawancin nau'ikan ba sa fuskantar barazanar lalata.
Alamomin waje na Tibet Saji
Bayyanar tsuntsun tayi kama da mai launin bebaye mai launin shuɗi. A takaice wuya ne karamin kai tare da duhu streaks. A baya na baya yana da launin yashi, launin rago mai wuya ana watsuwa a kai. Har ila yau garkuwar tana rufe goiter din namiji.
Kowane saji yana da tsarin kowanne. Gashin jikin tsuntsaye na ocher suna rufe wuya da kuncin tsuntsaye. Bodyan jikin kansa fari ne, babu tabo baki a ciki.
Saibiyar Tibetan (Syrrhaptes tibetanus).
Umarfafa a kan kafafu ya sauka zuwa ga kanfanun. Fuka-fukan suna da fadi, suka yi nuni. An kawata wutsiyar gashin fuka-fukan da suka zame gaba daya bayan fikafikan saj da ke zaune. Fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsu sune launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Babban beki mai launin toka ne mai launin shuɗi, yana da baki da launin shuɗi fata a kafaɗunsa.
A cikin mace, wata hanyar canzawa tana bunkasa sosai, akan cheeks da wuya akwai ƙananan fuka-fukan ocher. Tsuntsayen tsuntsaye masu launi iri-iri suna kama da matan da suka manyanta.
Jin kukan Saji yayi kama da muryoyin babban rubutu Kimanin sauti kamar “uva, uva” ko “kaga-kaga”. Tsuntsayen suna magana da siginar sauti yayin jirgin, suna kuma gargaɗin juna game da haɗarin idan suka zauna a ƙasa. Lokacin da abokan gaba suka bayyana, mazan sun ba da rahoto mai cike da rudani, hanci na “a…” kuma sun gangara ƙasa, sannan tashi zuwa wuri mai aminci. Matar a cikin lokacin bala'i ta fara tsunduma cikin muryar da take so: "ka-ka-ka." Kaji Saji na yin sauti kama da na 'yan kwikwiyo.
Yaduwar Tibetan Saj
Gidajen Tibet Saji ba su da yawa sosai. Tana daga tsaunukan Sino-Tibet a gabas, zuwa Nanshan da rafin Kukunor na arewa, zuwa Karakorum, Himalayas, Ladak, da Pamirs na gabas a kudu. Tsarin tsuntsaye a cikin kwarin tabkuna na Shorkul, Karakul, Rangkul, da kuma a kwarin Aksu, Akbaital, Tuzdzhilcha.
A cewar wasu masu binciken, jirgin yana kama da tattabara ko wuri.
Ana samo shi a gabas na Kudancin Alichur Range da kuma kusancin Lake Salangur. Mazaunin nau'in ya ragu sosai. Saja ta bar kwarin kogin Murghab, Aksu, Jamantal, Akbaital. Wani lokacin ana samunsu a ƙafar layin Zaalaysky da Sarykolsky.
Mazaunin Tibet Saji
Saja na zaune tsakanin filayen da ke tsakanin ƙasa. An samo shi a gefen lebur mai lafuzzan ruwa da rafuffukan ruwa, sun cika yawa tare da busheshen tsutsa masu wuya, teresken da sauran ganye, duka shekara da shekara. Yakan yi kiba a kan tuddai na laushi da filayen laushi, a damina yakan tashi zuwa makiyaya. A cikin hunturu, tana manne da kwarin da aka rufe da manyan toshiya. Yawanci, irin waɗannan wuraren suna da rashin ruwa, saboda haka tsuntsaye sukan tashi zuwa wurin da ake ruwa a kowace rana.
Tunda ya lura da hadarin, garken ya fara guduwa, saiya tashi daga nesa ba da dadewa ba.
A gaban ruwan narke, suna kashe ƙishirwa tare da dusar ƙanƙara har ma da dusar ƙanƙara. A wannan yanayin, sajas bai kamata ya tashi mai nisa don neman ruwa ba. Kuma a cikin hunturu, don shaye-shaye, tsuntsaye suna yin jirgin sama mai nisa. A cikin tsaunuka, Saja ta hau tsawan mita 5700 a cikin Tibet, kusa da tafkin Kukunor yana zaune a tsawan mita 3200 sama da matakin teku. A cikin hunturu, tsuntsaye suna zaune a kan dutsen mai sanyin hankali na tsaunuka, wucewar lebur, suna gangarawa cikin kwari, suna bayyana kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Barin wuraren farauta yayin ƙaura yanayi.
Saukar Hijira na Tibet
Canjin bazara da faduwar saji ba su da kyau. Yawancin lokaci ƙananan garken mutane 3-12 suna tashi tare da gajerun tazara, ana lura da irin wannan ƙaurawar tsuntsayen a tafkuna Karakul da Yashilkul. A kan jirgin sama, tsuntsaye suna nuna kulawa sosai. Saja ta hau tsawan tsauni kuma gaban tsuntsayen za'a iya gano ta ta hanyar hayaniya. Wataƙila yayin fara hunturu, tsuntsaye suna barin yankin Tibet saboda yanayin mawuyacin hali. Saukar harajin aikin hajji yakan faru ne a kasan kwaruruka, kan tsaunuka masu laushi tare da isasshen abinci.
Tibetan Saji yana da gajerun kafafu, amma yana tafiya cikin sauƙi da adalci a ƙasa.
Siffofin halayyar Tibet Saji
Tsuntsayen suna aiki da rayuwa mai kyau; yayin motsawa, suna sadarwa cikin tsawa. Rayuwar yau da kullun. Suna farkawa daga fitowar rana, a ranar bayyanannu suna ciyarwa a ƙasan kwaruruka ko a kan tsaunin tuddai mai sauƙi. Suna samar da kananan garken tsuntsaye wanda tsuntsaye suke kan layi ta hanyar ciyar da sarkar ko kuma nau'i biyu.
Suna son ɗaukar wanka na ƙura a wuraren da aka fallasa da hasken rana. A wannan yanayin, ciyar yana faruwa da rana. Ana ɓatar da lokacin duhu a ƙasa, a ɓoye cikin dajin ciyawar katako da bakin tebur. A lokacin rani, yana aikata amana dangane da mutum, za su iya barin sa ya kusanta.
Nesting nau'in Sentingary, yin ƙananan ƙaura na gida.
Da farko na yanayin sanyi suna yin aiki marasa aiki, yi hankali da kusanci mutane. Tsoratar da bayyanar gaggafa ta zinare, hajjin yayi ta biris da dadewa, yana kukan halayyar halayya. Da suka lura da ɓarnar, sai suka ɓoye kansu a ƙasa, suna haɗawa da launi na ƙasa.
Abincin Tibet Saj
Babban abincin saji shine tsire-tsire na makiyaya mai tsayi na dangin legume. Tsuntsaye suna cin harbe, tsaba, 'ya'yan itace, ganye, huhun astragalus. A lokacin rani ku ci ganyayyaki na tsire-tsire. A cikin hunturu, tushen abinci shine wake tare da tsaba. Tare da rashin abinci, rassan suna ci. Don neman abinci, suna bin garken argali, waɗanda ke tayar da dusar ƙanƙara tare da cinyoyinsu, suna cire abinci. A wannan yanayin, tsire-tsire suna samuwa don ciyar da tsuntsaye.
Tibet Saji yana zaune tare da tsaunin Tibet da Pamirs.
Matsayin tsaro na Tibetan Saj
Ba zai yiwu ba za a iya daukar saju Tibetan a matsayin tsuntsu na kasuwanci saboda adadi kaɗan. Mazauna karkara a cikin karni na karshe sun sanya tarko a kan tsuntsaye kuma wani lokaci sukan harzuka tsuntsayen da ba a san su ba yayin farautar sauran nau'in tsuntsayen. Babban dalilan da yasa nau'in ke raguwa sosai a cikin lambobi shine waje, kiwo, da kuma gurbata yanayi. Tibet sajah ba a karanci karatu. Duba da aka jera a cikin Littafin Layi. A cikin yankin tabkuna Karakul da Rangkul akwai reshe na jamhuriya. Yana yiwuwa a yi saji da aka kama.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Gabaɗaya halaye da halayen filin
Girman kurciya, a fuska yana kama da bera mai baƙar fata. Shugaban yana karami, wuyansa gajere ne, jiki mai tarin yawa ne, ba kamar saj na yau da kullun ba. Fuka-fukan suna da kaifi, suna da fadi sosai. Tail tare da ma'ana matattakalar tsakiyar jirgin, wanda yaci gaba da gaba fiye da iyakar fikafikan tsuntsu wanda yake zaune. A cikin jirgin, yana kama da ƙwalƙwalwar baƙi mai launin fata, kodayake ya fi jinkirin: buɗe fikafikan firam, mai zurfi. A cewar wasu masu binciken, jirgin yana kama da tattabara ko wuri. Yana kashe kashe babu dare, kamar launin toka ko kurciya. Kafafu suna gajeru, amma tafiya akan ƙasa abu ne mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi. Tunda ya lura da hadarin, garken ya fara guduwa, saiya tashi daga nesa ba da dadewa ba. Babban launi na saman shine yashi wanda yake da wuya sosai. A cikin maza, saman kai da goiter an haɗa su da mugayen mottles masu duhu, wuyan gaba, gefenta da kumatunta suna ƙyali. Isasan fari fari ne, babu tabo baki a ciki. Baƙin da ya zana zuwa falle. A kan gabaɗayan janar haske, fuka-fukai masu duhu masu duhu suna tsayawa da bambanci sosai. An bambanta mace ta girma ta hanyar babban ci gaba na tsarin juyi, ƙasa da ƙasa a kan cheeks da wuya. Launin tsuntsu ya yi kama da mace.
Muryar tana da sauti sosai kuma ba ta da kyau, ba ta kama da irin sautin kuka mai saurin talaka kuma yana kama da kukan wasu yan matan.Yana kama da mai ban dariya, m "uva, uva", "av - va" ko "uak, uak", ga wasu ana jin shi azaman "kgha - kgha-kara" tare da "kaga - kaga - kaga". Suna buga shi duka a jirgi da ƙasa a cikin damuwa. Itatuwan maza a cikin hadari da farko suna tafiya da ƙafa, suna magana kan hanci, mai ban dariya "a. ", Sannan tare da guda ɗaya, amma sautuka daban-daban, sautuna daban suna tashi zuwa wani wuri, wanda ke haifar da dissonance, da ɗan tunannin zancen yawo. Matar, idan tana cikin damuwa, tana da tsananin damuwa "ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ra!". Muryar chan kayana na yin kama da alaƙar puan karnukan yara (Dementyev, 1951a, Potapov, 1966, 1970, Abdusalyamov, 1971, Kozlova, 1975).
Bayanin
Canza launi. A cikin namiji, saman kai da wuya yana da fari tare da rabe-raben baƙi. Tufafin yana da launin shuɗi-mai haske tare da ƙananan layin wavy, kuma a cikin webs na ciki na kafada - tare da manyan aibobi na baki. Baya da ƙananan baya mai launin shuɗi ko launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da yanayin juyawar duhu mara nauyi. Gefan kai, gaban da bangarorin wuyan sun uffu. Goiter da kirji farare ne mai launin fari, zalla tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda, wanda aka lullube shi da mai juya baki, mai bakin ciki. A bayan kirji mai launin toka ne mai launin toka. Ragowar kasan fararen fata ne, matashin dan Adam na cikin farin jini da raunin baƙar fata a jikin farar ƙasa. Ruwan reshe a cikin smoky da kuma farin-m m transverse ratsi, axillary baki-kasa-kasa. Farkon futowar baƙi launin ruwan ƙasa mai duhu ne, a cikin webs ɗin cikin ciki na kusan fuka-fukan akwai fitila mai sauƙin ocher-mai haske Steering sandy-ja tare da baki mai rarrabawa tsarin da wani farin koli iyaka, matsakaici - whitish-buffy da launin toka mai haske launin baki da duhu launin toka alama. Haɓaka bambance-bambance na baya akan batun yana ƙarƙashin alamun bambancin mutum. Lissafin launin toka ne mai launin toka, maƙaryacin launin baƙi ne. Bakan gizo launin ruwan kasa.
A cikin mace mai balagaggu, yanayin juzu'i ya zama mafi ci gaba, wanda yake samuwa duka a ɓangaren ƙananan kirji da a gefe na sama. Launin lullubewa a kan kumatun wuyan wucin gadi ba ya bunkasa. Matasa a cikin kayan kwalliyar suna kama da na mata, amma tasirin jujjuyawar su ya fi kyau, kuma ƙananan kannun ƙira na cikin gida an zubar da su ta flyan tsirarun kwari.
Fitar kaya. A saman shine launin ruwan kasa mai haske, mai launin shuɗi, a bayan bango akwai raunin fararen abubuwa uku, gefuna, fikafikan kai da saman kai da farar fata. Daga muguwar baki zuwa ga gefan kai, daga hanci zuwa ido da kuma daga kusurwar bakin a karkashin ido zuwa yankin kunne, kawayen fari masu ratsawa suna wucewa. Isarsashin launin shuɗi-fari ne, ƙwanƙwasa da paws suna da shuɗi (Potapov, 1966).
Tsarin da girma
Daga reshe na farko 11, distal ne rudimentary, reshe na reshe an kafa shi a sashin reshe na biyu, wanda ba a nuna shi ba, kamar yadda yake a cikin saj talakawa. Tsarin igiyar ruwa: II-III-IV-V-VI-VII-VIII-IX-X-XI-I. Digiri na uku yana da tsawo kuma yana nunawa. Dubu 16, tsakiyar elongated da nuna. An nuna gashin gaba da gaba. Babu yatsan hular baya, yatsun gaba suna da gajeru, ba a shirya su ba kuma ba a kusun su ba, a qasan yatsunsu masu kauri ne, yatsun kafare. A cikin maza, tsayin reshe shine 245-265 mm (matsakaici (n = 10) 257), wutsiyar ita ce 196-230 (matsakaici (n = 9) 214), kuma a cikin mace reshe tsawon shine 245-255 (matsakaici (n = 4)) 250), wutsiya 171-205 (matsakaici (n = 5) 186), taro tsuntsu 380-700 g, matsakaici (n = 10) 395.
Hoto na 7 Fuka fuka-fukan farko biyu na sajas (bayan: Ivanov et al., 1953)
a - saj gama gari (Syrrhaptes paradoxus), b - Tibetan saj (S. titetanus)
Hoto na 9 Paws (ta: Ivanov et al., 1953)
a - talaka saj, b - Tibetan saj
Miƙa
A cikin manya, cikakken molt sau ɗaya a shekara. Canjin tsuntsayen fari ya fara da kusancinsa kuma yana ƙare da gashin fuka-fukan. Babu jerin lokutan da aka tsara; suna iya fara maye gurbinsu daga farkon Yuli. A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 11th - 7th flywheel sabo ne ga mace, VI ta fadi, V - Na tsufa. Mazan 18 ga watan Agusta suna da III, IV, V, kuma mace suna da III, V, da tsohuwar tsinkaye na VI; Furannin tsutsotsi na kusan duk sababbi ne, gashin fuka-fukai da gashin tsuntsu daban. A watan Oktoba, molt ya ƙare.
Kayan kwalliya suna canza sutturar su na samari zuwa samartaka, wanda a farkon kaka shine kawai maye ya maye gurbin wani. Tsuntsayen-tsuntsu ba su bushe ba kuma suna wanzuwa har shekara ta gaba.
Rayuwa.
Mazaunan tsaunuka. Tsuntsu mai sauka ko yawo. Da wuya. Tana zaune a cikin busasshiyar hamada mai kwari, tare da kwarin kogin mai santsi. Garuruwan ba su kafa ba, a cikin lokacin kiwo ne ana kiyaye shi a garken. Clutch a watan Mayu, ya ƙunshi ƙwai 3. Muryar tayi kamar wacce take rawar "ha-ha. ka-ha. "Ko quack" wack-wack-kaga. " Ba da hankali. Ba a yi nazarin halitta ba.
Ya bambanta da aikin hajji da farin baƙi na farin ciki, daga farin farin ciki da farin jini, da farin ciki mai farin ciki da farin ciki da makwarfi mai sauƙi (cikin yanayi, baya faruwa tare da kowane irin hazel).
Yaɗa
Matsakaicin yankin. Tibet, Kunlun, arewa zuwa Nanshan da kuma tafkin Lake. Kukunor, mai yiwuwa a gabas zuwa tsaunin Sino-Tibet, a kudu zuwa Himalayas, Ladak, Karakorum, da gabashin Pamir.
Hoto na 12. Yankin Tibet Saji a Arewacin Asiya
a - yankin farauta
A Arewacin Asiya, tana da nishaɗi kawai a cikin Pamirs ta Gabas - a cikin ramin Karakul, Shorkul, tafkin Rangkul, cikin kwarin Akbaital, Aksu, Tuzdzhilcha, a ƙarshen ƙarshen kudu na Alichur Range da kuma a yankin Lake. Salangur. Gaban yamma ya bi ta kan layin Lenin Peak - Lake. Yashilkul - Per. Koytezek - Per. Matz, arewa - watakila a gefen dutsen Alai, gabas - a gefen Kashgar, da kuma kudu - a gefen dutsen Vakhan.
Yankin ya lalace a cikin 'yan shekarun nan: ya ɓace gaba ɗaya daga kwarin kogin Aksu, Murgab, Akbaital, Jamantal, yanzu ba ya cikin kwarin Lake. Rangkul. An kiyaye su kawai a gindin jerin layin Sarykol da Zaalaysky (Abdusalyamov, 1977).
Habitat
Yakan yi birgima a kan filayen intermontane, wani lokacin ma tana yin yaduwar ta hanyar cones da tsoffin moraines, wanda ke shayar da kananan koguna, ko kuma bakin tebur a cikin matse-talechny, gayayechny ko dutsen laka tare da matsanancin tsakuwa waɗanda ke rufe da ƙananan bishiyoyin katako, ciyawar katako da tsutsa. Daga cikin lokacin kiwo, yana kuma dacewa da filayen da ke kan gado da tsaunin tsaunuka masu sauƙi, suna tashi daga faɗuwa zuwa ƙananan sassa na yankin mai tsayi. A cikin hunturu, ana ciyar da shi a kan kwarin da ke da manyan layuka da tsoffin moraines. Tabbas an nisantar da damuwa da damuwa.
Yana zaune a cikin kwaruruka mara yawa na ruwa da tuddai, yana ziyartar wuraren shayarwa yau da kullun, kuma a lokacin rani, lokacin da meltwater ke gudana a cikin kwari da yawa, irin waɗannan jiragen ba su da mahimmanci, kuma a lokacin kaka-hunturu-lokacin bazara, jiragen sama suna nesa, kuma wani lokacin tsuntsaye suna yin ƙaura kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Idan akwai dusar ƙanƙara, sukan sha ƙishirwa ta cin shi, sannan ba sa tashi zuwa wurin da za a yi ruwa.
A cikin tsaunuka, wanda aka samo a wuraren kwance 3600 - 4500 m sama da matakin teku. Teku, a cikin Tibet ya tashi kuma mafi girma, har zuwa 5700 m, kodayake a bakin tafkin. Hakanan Kukunor yana rayuwa akan 3,200 m (Potapov, 1966, Ivanov, 1969).