Piranha na yau da kullun (lat. Pygocentrus nattereri, kazalika Nutterera piranha, ja-bellied, ja) kifi ne wanda yake da tarihin kansa, saboda an tsare shi a cikin ruwa a cikin sama da shekaru 60.

Wannan shine nau'in piranha wanda aka fi so, wanda aka samo shi a cikin yanayi, musamman a cikin Amazon da Orinoco.

Red-bellied piranha yana kallon marmari yayin da ya zama ya zama ya balaga. Ta baya tana da launin launin karfe, sauran jikin kuma azurfa ne, kuma ciki, makogwaronta, da fin fin suna da kyau ja.

Wannan shi ne ɗayan mafi girman piranhas, wanda ya kai har cm 33, kodayake galibi yana ƙarami a cikin akwatin kifaye. A dabi'a, tana zaune a cikin fakitoci na mutane 20, don haka ya fi sauƙi a gare su don farauta, amma ba su zama masu cutar da kansu ba.

Red-bellied piranha an dauki mafi tsoro daga dukkan wakilan wannan nau'in da aka samo a cikin yanayin.

Ko da yake ba mai daɗari ba ne game da ciyarwa kuma yana da matukar wuya, amma an ba da shawarar yin shi kawai don ƙwararrun masu binciken ruwa. Tabbas kifi ne mai tsinkaye tare da haƙora mai kaifi.

Yawancin kwari a cikin akwatin kifayen sun faru ta hanyar sakaci, amma har yanzu yana da kyau kada ku sake hannuwanku a cikin akwatin kifaye sake. Bugu da kari, ana matukar bukatar shi kan ingancin ruwa.

Kifi kaddara ne kuma lalle bai dace da rawar da kifin keɓaɓɓun ruwa ba. Zasu iya zama a cikin akwatin kifaye su kadai, amma yana da kyau a kiyaye su duka iri ɗaya a cikin shirya.

Koyaya, koda cikin ƙungiyar da aka kafa, lokuta na tsokanar zalunci da cin naman mutane ba sabon abu bane. A matsayinka na mai mulki, babban kifi mafi rinjaye ya tashi a cikin makarantar. Tana ɗaukar mafi kyawun wurare kuma shine farkon wanda zai ci. Duk wani yunƙuri na ƙalubalantar halin da ake ciki yanzu ya ƙare cikin yaƙe ko ma wanda ya ji rauni.

Kuna iya gwada abun ciki tare da sauran manyan nau'ikan daga dangin da ke da alaƙa da ita, alal misali, tare da ƙaramin baƙar fata yayin da yake saurayi.

Ga kifi daya, akwatin kifin na lita 150 ya isa, amma ga makarantar kuna buƙatar samun mafi fili. Suna cin abinci da yawa kuma da himma, suna barin abubuwa da yawa na sharar gida, kuma suna buƙatar matattara mai ƙarfi na waje.

Habitat

Yada ko'ina cikin yankin na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, yana zaune a cikin dukkanin kwarin kogin Amazon da wuraren bauta, kazalika a cikin tafkuna da wuraren wahalar kudu maso yammacin Brazil. Specieswararru masu fara'a, sun fi so su zauna a cikin rukuni mai yawa na mutane dozin, suna cin dabbobin da suka mutu kuma suna rayuwa.

Bayanin

Jiki mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da aka matsa a kaikaice, babban babba mai ɗaure da yatsa, mai cike da lebe mai kaifi. Wani babban wutsiya mai ƙarfi wanda zai baka damar hanzarta hanzarta ɗaukar ganima a cikin gwagwarmaya tare da dangi. Launin jikin mutum yana da launin toka, karfe a launi da hatsi ta azurfa, kamar dai kifayen suna jefawa da ɗigo mai haske, ciki yana da haske ja.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Carnivorous jinsunan, a cikin akwatin kifaye na gida za ku iya ciyar da kifi ba kawai ba, har ma kuyi amfani da nama, mussel, jatan lande, kwari, ciyawar ƙasa. Ba a yarda da abinci mai masana'antu bushe ba; Piranhas ba zai ci shi ba.

Hanyar abinci mai gina jiki yana ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa a kan tsarin halittar ruwa na akwatin kifaye, sabili da haka, matattarar mai amfani da canjin ruwa da kashi 30-50% kowane sati biyu sune abubuwanda ake bukata. Kar ku skimp akan tace kayan aiki, zaku sayi matatun mai da yawa, bugu da ƙari, ɗayansu yakamata ya yi aikin rabin-zuciya, yana aiki azaman madadin idan akwai matsala lokacin fashewar ɗayan manyan matatun. Sauran kayan aikin da ake buƙata: mai ba da wuta, injin wuta, ƙarancin wutar lantarki.
A cikin ƙirar, samar da babban sarari don yin iyo a cikin cibiyar da kuma matattara na tsirrai a bangarorin akwatin kifaye, da kuma mafaka da yawa daga suttukan ruwa, tushen ko abubuwan wucin gadi (jiragen ruwa, da katako, da sauransu). Kasar da aka yi da yashi ko tsakuwa mai kyau.

Halin zamantakewa

Muguwar fushi da zafin suna da kunya sosai a lokaci guda, musamman idan kawai ko aka haɗa su, tare da duk wani ƙwanƙwasawa ko sauti mai girma, Piranha yana ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa, ɓoye. Bai dace da sauran kifayen ba, don haka kawai ɗakin akwatin kifaye ya dace da shi. An ba da shawarar aƙalla mutane 10 a cikin garken, da kyau daga 20 zuwa 30. Akwai babban matsayi a cikin ƙungiyar, mafi girma da kuma mafi ƙarfi kifi zai nemi mafi kyawun abinci kuma ya kori mafi ƙarancin rauni. Cannibalism tartsatsi, mai rauni kuma mara lafiya za a ci shi dangi, don haka sami kifayen kifin kawai, ba tare da alamun lalacewa ta waje ba.

Piranha pacu

Paku - Waɗannan su ne piranhas, wanda duk da sabanin kamannin yanayi da kayan aikin muƙamuƙin ban mamaki, basu da ban tsoro ko kaɗan, saboda mai cin ganyayyaki piranha . A ƙarƙashin wannan sunan, masanan kimiyya suna haɗa nau'ikan piranhas na Kudu da ke ɗaukar ruwa, sun fi son abincin tsirrai a menu.

Suna da hakora na musamman, kamar hakoran ɗan adam. Irin waɗannan hakora suna zaman 'yar jakar ne domin murƙushe kwayoyi da ƙwaya, suna cin sauran abincin tsirrai masu wadataccen fiber.

Koyaya, idan ka adana paca a cikin akwatin kifin, har yanzu kana buƙatar yin taka tsantsan don kifayen bazai ciji hannunka ba, a misali, ka tsabtace akwatin kifin.

Mileus Redfin Ko Mileus Moon

Mileus - maimakon manyan, kifi mai son zaman lafiya, wanda aka sa a makarantu. Yankunan da aka rarraba su shine Basin Amazon, wuraren ajiye iri daban daban na Guiana da Suriname. A karkashin yanayin halitta, mileus zai iya girma har zuwa 35 cm, a cikin yanayin wucin gadi - har zuwa cm 15. Tsaran rayuwa - har zuwa shekaru 10. Mileus an rarrabe shi azaman nau'in kifayen marasa ma'ana, don haka cikakke ne ga masu binciken kifayen da ba a sani ba. A cikin yanayin wucin gadi, yana girma har zuwa 15 cm.

Mileus ya kasance cikin sauƙi tare da wasu kifayen kifaye. Tun da tsire-tsire sun gama abincinsu na halitta, ba a ba da shawarar ku yi amfani da ciyayi mai rai lokacin ado. Abubuwan marasa kan gado sun fi dacewa, duk da cewa wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire sun dace, alal misali, ƙwayar Thai ko moss na Javanese, tunda yawancin kifin herbivorous ba sa cin su. Duk da ire-iren abincin da ta shuka. mileusam duk da haka, bangaren furotin a cikin abincin shima ya zama dole, don haka yakamata a ciyar dasu da abinci mai rai, misali, magudanar jini.

Ja jan

Ja janBayanai (mai haɗari). Habitat - Kudancin Amurka, galibi a cikin Amazon da lardinta, mutane suna amfani dashi azaman kifi na kasuwanci (kuma wanene, a wannan yanayin, wa ke cin?).

Duk da kamarsa mai kama da piranha, ja paku da wuya ya haɗa da abincin nama a cikin abincinsa (wataƙila ƙaramin hakora ke shafan?). A dabi'a, babban abincin su shine tsire-tsire iri daban-daban na ruwa. Matasa kifaye suna girma da sauri sosai: a cikin shekarar farko, jan pacu na iya a yanayi na iya isa zuwa cm 30 Matsakaicin tsayi na manya ya kai 80 cm tare da nauyin 25 kg, a cikin akwatin kifaye irin waɗannan alamun suna da wahalar samu. Matsakaicin rayuwar da aka ɗauka a cikin akwatin kifaye shine shekaru 28.

Piranha ja

Piran KumarRooseveltiellanattereri ) yana da launin launi mai launin shuɗi a cikin fenti na yankin na ciki kawai a ƙuruciya. A cikin yanayin halitta yana girma har zuwa 30 cm (a cikin akwatin kifaye - ba fiye da 20 cm ba. Kuma yana ɗaukar nauyi har zuwa 1.5 kg) - babban kifi mai adalci, ruwan-zaitun tare da jan launi ko lilac tint, mai walƙiya mai haske a baya, wutsiyar da aka watsa tare da shuɗi-kore iyaka, ciki tare da aan wasa mai haske na soya (soya suna da alamun baƙar fata da ke shuɗewa tare da shekaru). Jikin yana da girman gaske, matsa a gefe, shugaban yana da girma tare da muƙamuƙi, "kamar bulldog." Tana da babban baki tare da haƙoran bevel mai kaifi, tare da gefenta masu tsini, babba suna dacewa sosai da rata tare da ƙananan.Kirji, har ma da gindin na hancin ciki da na kusoshi, ana zanen ja mai haske, gefuna tare da ɗigon launuka .. Gabaɗaya, launi ja janran yana da kyau! Tsawon rayuwa na jan piranhas a cikin akwatin kifaye daga shekaru 6 zuwa 15.

Piranhas kasance a cikin kifi na makaranta kuma na buƙatar tsawaita ɗakunan ruwa na ajiye. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin akwatin kifaye na 500 l. An ba da shawarar a ƙunshi kifaye 7. Piranhas yana ƙaunar tsarkakakken ruwa, ruwa mai narkewa.

Sabili da haka, ya kamata a zaɓa tsarin tacewa yin la’akari da ƙara nauyin da aka yi akan biofilter, zai fi kyau a sanya matattara ta waje tare da wadatar da abubuwa biyu na yawan masana'antun. Zazzabi na ruwa 25 - 27 ° C, pH 5.8 - 7. Rashin ƙarfi: 2 - 12 dHG. Na yau da kullun, aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako, ana buƙatar canjin ruwa, aƙalla 20%. Tunda piranhas suke kifi mara kunya (wanda zai yi tunani!), akwatin kifayen yakamata ya sami isassun mafaka na zahiri: duwatsun, tsummoki, bunches na ciyayi.

Ciyar da piranhas za'a iya yi dashi tare da daskararren kifin mara lafiyayyen mai, mai daskarewa, tun da farko ya daskare shi kuma ya zura ruwan tare da yankakken shrimp, squid, zuciyar naman sa da hanta. Piranhas zai yi farin ciki da ƙyafe, ya ci wani tsir ko gulma. A lokacin cin abinci ne aka bayyana shahararrun halayensu da ba a sansu ba!

Piranha na yau da kullun (lat. Pygocentrus nattereri, kazalika Nutterera piranha, ja-bellied piranha, ja piranha) kifi ne wanda ke da tarihin kansa, saboda an adana shi a cikin akwatin ruwa fiye da shekaru 60. Wannan shine nau'in piranha wanda aka fi so, wanda aka samo shi a cikin yanayi, musamman a cikin Amazon da Orinoco.

Red-bellied piranha yana kallon marmari yayin da ya zama ya zama ya balaga. Ta baya tana da launin launin karfe, sauran jikin kuma azurfa ne, kuma ciki, makogwaronta, da fin fin suna da kyau ja. Wannan shi ne ɗayan mafi girman piranhas, wanda ya kai har cm 33, kodayake galibi yana ƙarami a cikin akwatin kifaye. A dabi'a, tana zaune a cikin fakitoci na mutane 20, don haka ya fi sauƙi a gare su don farauta, amma ba su zama masu cutar da kansu ba. Red piranha an dauki mafi tsananin tsoro daga kowane nau'in piranhas da aka samu a yanayi.

Ko da yake ba mai daɗari ba ne game da ciyarwa kuma yana da matukar wuya, amma an ba da shawarar yin shi kawai don ƙwararrun masu binciken ruwa. Tabbas kifi ne mai tsinkaye tare da haƙora mai kaifi. Yawancin kwari a cikin akwatin kifayen sun faru ta hanyar sakaci, amma har yanzu yana da kyau kada ku sake hannuwanku a cikin akwatin kifaye sake. Bugu da kari, ana matukar bukatar shi kan ingancin ruwa.

Piranha akwatin kifayen kifayen sune kaddara kuma hakika basu dace da aiki ba a cikin akwatin kifayen gama gari. Zasu iya zama a cikin akwatin kifaye su kadai, amma yana da kyau a kiyaye su duka iri ɗaya a cikin shirya. Koyaya, koda cikin ƙungiyar da aka kafa, lokuta na tsokanar zalunci da cin naman mutane ba sabon abu bane. A matsayinka na mai mulki, babban kifi mafi rinjaye ya tashi a cikin makarantar. Tana ɗaukar mafi kyawun wurare kuma shine farkon wanda zai ci. Duk wani yunƙuri na ƙalubalantar halin da ake ciki yanzu ya ƙare cikin yaƙe ko ma wanda ya ji rauni. Kuna iya gwada abun ciki tare da sauran manyan nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da ita, alal misali, tun yana saurayi.
Don piranha daya, akwatin kifin na lita 150 ya isa, amma ga garken, ana buƙatar ƙarin yanki. Suna cin abinci da yawa kuma da himma, suna barin abubuwa da yawa na sharar gida, kuma suna buƙatar matattara mai ƙarfi na waje.

Piranha na yau da kullun ko Nutterera piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri a baya, Serrasalmus nattereri da Rooseveltiella nattereri) an fara bayyana su a cikin 1858 ta Kner. Akwai takaddama mai yawa game da sunan kimiyya piranha, kuma yana yiwuwa cewa har yanzu zai canza, amma a wannan lokacin mun sasanta akan P. nattereri.
Piranha tana zaune a cikin Kudancin Amurka: Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Columbia, Ecuador da Uruguay. Yana zaune a cikin Amazon, Orinoco, Parana da sauran ƙananan koguna.

Yana zaune a cikin koguna, haraji, ƙananan koguna. Hakanan a cikin manyan tafkuna, tafkunan ruwa, gandun daji da ambaliyar ruwa. Suna farautar mutane 20 zuwa 30 a cikin fakitoci.Suna cin duk abin da za a iya ci: kifi, katantanwa, tsire-tsire, invertebrates, amphibians.

Kiwo

Da farko dai, akwatin kifayen yakamata ya kasance a wuri mai natsuwa inda babu wanda zai rikitar da kifin. Bugu da ari, kifin ya kamata ya zama mai dacewa (garken tun da daɗewa, tare da haɓaka matsayi). Don nasarar nasara, ana buƙatar tsabtataccen ruwa - mafi karancin ammoniya da nitrates, ph 6.5-7.5, zazzabi 28 C, da babban akwatin kifaye wanda tururi zai iya raba yankin kansa.

Shirya don spawning, ma'aurata zaɓi wani wuri don spawning, wanda matsakaita tsaro. Launin piranhas ya yi duhu, har suka fara gina gida a ƙasa, suna tumɓuke tsirrai da duwatsu. Anan, mace tana alamar ƙwayayen, wanda namiji yayi saurin sa tayi. Bayan ya yi tsami, namiji zai tsare ƙwai kuma ya auka wa duk wanda ya kusance ta.

Caviar is orange ne a launi, zai kyankyasar kwan a cikin kwanaki 2-3. Bayan wasu 'yan kwanaki bayan haka, tsutsa zai ciyar saboda kwai gwaiduwa, bayan haka zai yi iyo. Daga wannan lokacin, ana shuka soya a cikin akwatin kifayen girma. Yi hankali, namiji zai iya kaiwa hari ga abu, yana kare soya.

Tun da yake ana soya, piranhas suna da tsananin son abinci. Suna buƙatar ciyar da naupileia brine shrimp, kwanakin farko, sannan kuma ƙara hatsi, zubar jini, daphnia, da dai sauransu. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da soya sau da yawa, sau biyu zuwa sau uku a rana. Saurin girma yana da sauri, yana kaiwa santimita a cikin wata guda.

Mayu 29, 2014 admin

Cinema ya lalata sunan wannan kifi. Labarun masu ban tsoro suna ba da labarin haɓakar jininta. Jita-jita tana da cewa garken waɗannan kifayen za su iya fasa gawa a kankarar ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Me za mu ce game da mutumin. Amma dabi'ar mutumtaka ce ta juya jijiyoyi. Ba ya tsoron cewa, a cikin yaren gida, “piranha” na nufin “kifayen fushi”. Kuma yanzu wani mutum ya riga ya fara kiwo mai zafin mazaunin Amazon a gidansa akwatin kifin.

Piranha ya shiga cikin kifin kifaye a tsakiyar karni na 20. Kuma da kyau a cikinsu. Kawo yanzu babu wanda ya shiga cikin kifin abincin da yake da ruwa.

Piranha Halin

Piranha na gidan Characion ne, tsari ne na cyprinids. Yana zaune a cikin ingantaccen ruwan Kudancin Amurka . Tana da nau'ikan halittu da yawa, waɗanda suka fi shahara kuma sanannensu shine piranha na kowa, kuma shine mai birgima.

Piranha kifin kifin ruwa ne mai ɗanɗada tsada kuma mai tsada, sabili da haka, masana basu bayar da shawarar siyan wannan atoryarfin tsinkayar ba a cikin hanyoyin jirgin karkashin kasa. Fifiko na musamman ne ga shagunan kwararru da kuma masu neman taimakon ruwa.

Lokacin sayen koda lafiyayyen mutum mai cikakken lafiya, dole ne a sanya shi a cikin akwatin kifaye na mako guda. Bayan wannan kawai, idan kifin bai lura da alamun damuwa ba, ana iya tura shi zuwa wurin zama na dindindin.

Mahimmanci! Lokacin zabar kifi don siye, ya kamata ka lura da halayenta, duba yanayin don rashi rashin kumburi mara kyau da ƙyallen a jiki, ƙyallen fata, m, murfin girgije, lalacewar sikeli. Kifi yakamata ya sami ci, musamman mai ƙanshi kamar piranha. Yi aiki kuma kada ku sami daidaituwa don motsi.

Sabili da haka, don kimanta halin da ake ciki tare da matsayin sayan, tsarin siye dole ne ya kasance tare da isar da kai. Lokacin da aka aiko da saƙo, bashi yiwuwa a kimanta lafiyar dabbobi, ko ganin yanayin kiyayewa a daidai lokacin sayarwa.

Kudin piranha ya dogara da nau'in da shekaru. Yawancin lokaci, ɗayan mutum yana biyan 1,500 - 3,000 rubles. Kawai kawai samfurori ne masu yawan gaske sun fi tsada. A cikin waɗannan halayen, farashin zai iya kaiwa da dama dubu rubles don kifi mai ƙanshi sosai.

Kayan kwalliyar, kayan aiki

Don nasarar nasarar tanadin piranha, yana da buqatar yin la’akari da halayen halittunsa kuma, a cewarsu, samar da shi yanayin rayuwa mai gamsarwa.

1. Akwatin kifayen fili.
   Ana lasafta girman gwargwadon yanayin - lita 10 na ruwa ga kowane 3 cm na tsawon jikin kifin. Ya bayyana cewa ga mutane biyu ana buƙatar akwatin ruwa na lita 150, garken matasa 5-8 piranhas yana buƙatar mai lita 200. Ga babban kamfanin kamfanin, akwatin ruwa na 300-500 lita ya riga ya so.
   Wannan ba whim ko jin daɗi bane, amma buƙatar gaggawa ne ya haifar da yanayin zafin wannan kifin. Smalleraramin piranha na wani wuri, fushin da yake.
2. Adadin matsuguni masu yawa.
   Ga duk zafin ta, piranha kifi mai jin kunya. Tana buƙatar ɓoye wurare - busasshen itace, gidaje, kogon dutse, duwatsu, inda zata iya ɓoyewa game da hasashe ko kuma haɗari na gaske.
   Tsirrai, masu rai ko na wucin gadi, ana kuma buƙatar su a cikin akwatin kifaye. Yawancin lokaci ana shuka su ne da yawa kuma a tare da duka kewaye.
   Garkuwa da tsire-tsire suna mamaye 2/3 na jimlar ƙwayar piranha.
3. Tace mai qarfi.
   Saboda gaskiyar maganarta, piranha tana samar da ɓata da yawa. Don kada su tara a cikin ruwa kuma kada kuyi shi da guba, kuna buƙatar tsaftataccen tsabtatawa mai ƙarfi.
4. Kyakkyawan damfara.
   Don kwanciyar hankali, piranha yana buƙatar tsabtataccen ruwan oxygen. Amintaccen kwampreso ne ba makawa.
5. Mai hita ruwa da ma'aunin zafi.
   Piranha mazaunin ƙasashe masu ɗumi ne da ruwa mai ɗumi. Tana cikin kwanciyar hankali ne kawai lokacin da ruwan yake da zazzabi aƙalla 23. Idan kuna son wannan kifin kuyi tunani game da haihuwar, to dole ne a sanya zafin jiki ko da mai zafi - digiri 26.

Yadda ake ciyar da piranha

Piranha ba shi da ma'anar abinci, amma wannan baya nufin ana iya ciyar da su fiye da komai ba. Akwai dokoki da iyakoki. Ga masu farawa, yana da daraja yanke shawara irin nau'in piranha da kuke da shi - carnivorous ko masu cin ganyayyaki.

Don ciyarwa, kuna buƙatar zaɓi karamin bude yankin a cikin akwatin kifaye. Kuma tsananin tsayar da tsarin ciyarwa - lokaci 1 a rana, na mintuna biyu. Idan a wannan lokacin abincin ba a tsince shi ba, yakamata a cire sharan kai tsaye daga akwatin kifaye. Anyi wannan ne domin hana gurbacewar ruwa, saboda sanannen peranuli na piranha: baya tattara abinci daga kasan akwatin kifaye.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Piranha yayi watsi da abinci kaɗan. Girmanta ya zama ya zama gwargwadon jajayen su.

Piranhas ƙauna iri-iri . Don samar da su, zaku sami kayan abinci daban-daban: ƙananan kifayen teku, ƙananan kifin ƙwaya, nama mai squid, dunƙuƙun huhu, huhun jini, tadpoles, frogs, sabo kayan lambu - zucchini, dankali, alayyafo, karas.

Dangane da naman dabbobi masu shayarwa, saboda yanayin rayuwarsa, piranha zai ci shi, amma masana basu bayar da shawarar amfani da irin wannan abincin ba saboda dalilai uku.

1. Yawan nama a cikin abincin yana haifar da kiba a cikin kifi.
2. Narkewar ya karye kuma launin kifin ya ɓace.
3. Ruwan gurbataccen ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye.

Piranha mai lafiya yana da abinci mai kyau . A ranar da ta ci abinci da abinci daidai da nauyinta.

Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci - sau 2-4 a wata, piranha masara da bukatan shirya ranakun azumi - kayan lambu domin kada ya sami kitse.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Suna adana lokaci kuma sun tabbatar da cewa su abinci ne mai kyau ga piranha. Suna da daidaitaccen abun da ke ciki, akwai bitamin da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci don kifi.

Kula da tsabta, matakan kiyayewa

Piranha yana da sauƙi don kulawa. Amma akwai abubuwa 3 wadanda mai binciken ruwa dole ne ya zama dole kuma a kai a kai idan yana son magabatan su kasance lafiya da farin ciki.

1. Ka tsabtace ruwan.
   • Don yin wannan, sau ɗaya a mako, 10% na yawan ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye ana maye gurbinsu. Ana aiwatar da canjin ruwa yadda yakamata domin hana canza canji cikin yanayin rayuwar kifaye. In ba haka ba, magabatan jini na iya zama cikin damuwa.
2. Saka idanu da abun da ke ciki na ruwa.
   • Ana buƙatar gwajin ruwa na yau da kullun. Sau 1-2 a sati ana auna ruwa na ammoniya. Yawan acidity ya zama 6 - 7, tsauri - 6-15.
3. Kula da zafin jiki na ruwa.
   • Tsawon lokaci a cikin ruwan sanyi na iya kashe piranha. Yanayin ruwansa shine digiri 25-27.

Akwai wani yanayin da piranha yake da mahimmanci - kamfanin. Wannan makarantar kifi ce. Tana jin kadaici. Ba tare da shirya ba, ta zama mai yawan kunya kuma tana ci gaba sosai.

Mahimmanci! Masana sun ba da shawarar fara cika akwatin kifaye tare da kifayen 3-5 na daidai iri ɗaya da girman - don manyan su ba sa cin ƙananan, suna kuskure su don abinci.

Duk da ka'idoji masu sauƙi don kulawa da kiyayewa ta piranhas, mutum bai kamata ya manta cewa waɗannan sune ƙaddarawar ba. Haka kuma, mafi girman zalunci da zubar da jini na kifin ruwa mai rai suna rayuwa ne a duniya.

Akwai mahimman fa'idoji 4 don kiyaye piranhas a gida.

1. Ba za ku iya sanya akwatin kifaye tare da ƙarancin piranhas ba, musamman idan akwai ƙananan yara a gidan.
2. Lokacin amfani da akwatin kifayen tare da bakunan hannu, yana da mahimmanci cewa babu raunuka ko yanke akan fata.
3. Ba za ku iya koran garken kwanon rufi a cikin kusurwa ba. Wannan yana tsokane su zuwa zalunci.
4. A mafi yawan m da hatsari piranhas a lokacin spawning. Yi aiki a wannan lokacin tare da taka tsantsan, ta amfani da raga na waya mai laushi tare da madaidaiciyar iyawa.

Piranha na kowa yana da bambance bambancen suna - jan-bellied, ja ko Nutterera. Idan kun sanya ɗayan waɗannan suna zuwa piranha na gida, ba za kuyi kuskure ba. Wadanda suka fara hasashen sun bayyana a cikin jerin ruwayoyin masoya masu dumbin yawa sama da shekaru 65 da suka gabata. An shigo dasu cikin kasarmu a tsakiyar karni na karshe daga ruwan Amazon da Orinoco.

Yana da kyau a lura cewa mafi kyawun bayyanar piranha na akwatin kifaye ya zama a lokacin cikakken balaga. A cikin hoto, furanni da yawa sun bayyana a fili daga ƙarfe zuwa ƙwanƙarin azurfarta da jan ciki, makogwaro da fin fin. Red-bellied ne game da 30 santimita dogon a cikin daji da 25 a cikin akwatin kifaye. A cikin yanayin halitta suna zaune a cikin garken. Mafi ƙarancin mutanen da ke cikin ƙungiya ɗaya shine wutsiyoyi 20. Sun haɗu don sauƙaƙe binciken abinci. Piranhas azzalumai ne masu kisa, don haka suka zaɓi wanda aka azabtar suka kuma kai hari da aya. Ana daukar wannan nau'in mafi tsananin tsoron mazaunan ruwa na duniya.

Duk da cewa piranhas basuda wahalar kulawa da ɗaukar hoto, ya fi dacewa a kiyaye su don ƙwararren masanyar cikin ruwa. Kada ku yi watsi da tsabtatacciyar yatsu da kaifin mutuwa. Masu shayarwa marasa ilimi na iya zuwa mata da haƙora saboda jahilci da rashin kulawa. A kowane hali ya kamata ku sanya akwatin kifaye tare da masu farautar ƙasa idan kuna da ƙananan yara.

Piranhas bai dace da aquariums tare da nau'in kifaye da yawa ba. Sun fi son haɗin gwiwar "nasu", amma ba a cire lokuta masu laushi a ciki ba. Idan ka lura da dabi'un a hankali, zaku iya samun jagora. Ya kasance koyaushe shine farkon wanda zai ci, ya ɗauki mafi kyawun wurare, yana nuna wane ne mai shi a cikin akwatin kifin gidan, kuma, mafi yawan lokuta, mafi girma a girma. Ba abin mamaki ba ne ga masu faruwa su faru yayin bayyanai. Rashin adalci da cin naman mutane ba a yanke hukunci a kansu. Onlyayan zaɓi kawai wanda za ku iya ƙoƙarin yaɗa piranha shine karamin pacaha, idan dai ba ƙarshen ya isa balaga ba kuma ana ɗaukar saurayi.

Piaya daga cikin piranha zai zauna a cikin akwatin kifaye, amma yana da kyau a fara mutane da yawa lokaci guda. Don manyan kifi, kuna buƙatar zaɓar madaidaiciyar ƙaura daga cikin akwatin kifaye. Individualaya daga cikin asusun mutum ɗaya na kusan lita 150 na ruwa, ya kamata a yi la'akari da sashi ɗaya idan kun yanke shawarar ƙulla kifaye da yawa a cikin tafki. Piranhas suna da matukar ƙarfi, kuma, a sakamakon haka, suna haifar da ɓata da yawa, don haka a hankali ka zaɓi zaɓin tacewa da ikonta. Masu kisan da ke aiki sun kasance suna rayuwa a cikin aquariums aƙalla shekaru 10, wannan yakamata a yi la’akari da shirya akwatin kifaye.

Bukatun ruwa:

• Lita 150 a kowane ɗayan
• Da yawa daga mafaka,
• M ruwa mai tsarkakakken kaya,
• Mai iko mai ƙarfi tare da ɓangaren matatun mai aiki.

Yi hankali da lura da halayen dabbobi da kuma yin gwaje-gwaje akai-akai don tantance abubuwan da ke cikin ammoniya na ruwa.

Abubuwa na dabam

Siffar kowane nau'in nau'in kifin nan iri ɗaya ce: babbar ƙirar diski, mai faɗin gaɓoɓinsa, idanun sa ƙasa da saman gaba. Hakora suna da kaifi, lamellar, triangular a siffar, an shirya su ta hanyar da babu wani banbanci tsakanin hakora yayin da aka matsa rata. Kifi na manya yana iya kaiwa ga girman sa har zuwa cm 30. Aquarium piranhas yana rayuwa gwargwadon nau'in halittar daga shekaru 4 zuwa 15.

Halayyar

Wannan nau'in kifin na kifayen yana da halayyar kwanciyar hankali fiye da mazaunun halitta, amma kar ku manta cewa waɗannan ƙarnatar makaranta ce. Saboda haka, yana da kyawawa cewa garken piranhas da ke zaune a cikin akwatin kifin, wanda ya ƙunshi akalla mutane 8. Mutane na kaɗaici suna jin daɗi, jin kunya, rufe da kuma ci gaba mara kyau. Aquarium piranhas kuma amsa ga kararrawa, sabbin abubuwa manya a cikin akwatin kifaye, mai tsananin zafin haske, wani lokacin wadannan abubuwan suna haifar da fargabar yanayin kifin wanda har ma ya ciji.

Ciyar da abinci

Aquarium piranha kifi ne unpretentious a abinci. Sun gamsu da cin kowane irin abincin dabbobi. Tsarin doka shine kada a shawo shi kuma a cire sauran abincin nan da nan domin a tsaftace ruwan. Ciyar da piranhas shine bu mai kyau da za'ayi shi sau daya a rana, wasu kwararru suna ba da shawarar rage lokacin ciyarwa zuwa mintina 2, wannan ya isa. Tare da tsawon ciyarwa, da sauri ruwa ya gurbata kuma zai iya haifar da rashin lafiya.
Systemarfafa tsarin na rigakafi kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga rayuwar dabbobinku ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki. Abincin ya hada da jatan lande, tadpoles, fillet fish, daskararre, naman naman, a yanka a kananan. Ba'a ba da shawarar a ciyar da kifi da nama ɗaya ba, saboda launi na kifin ya ragu. Hakanan ba a ba da shawarar don ciyar da dabbobi da keɓaɓɓiyar nama na kifi ba, yana iya haifar da cututtuka da cututtukan fata. Piaramin piranhas suna cin tsutsotsi na jini da ruwa mai kyau. Bayan haka a hankali ya kamata gabatar da nama da kifi a cikin abincin. Bayan watanni uku, an canza kifin zuwa abincin da ya girma.
Yana da matukar wahala a sami zuriya a gida. Don kifin ya tsallake, kuna buƙatar yanayi mai taushi da acidic, mai kama da yanayin yanayi. Piranha soya girma da sauri kuma tare da ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki zuwa ƙarshen watan zai kai 2-2.5 cm.Domin haɓaka zuriya ɗaya daga cikin kifaye ɗaya, kuna buƙatar akwatin kifin mai faɗaɗɗen ruwa mai nauyin 3-4 dubu lita.

Bayyanar Kifi

Jikin piranha mai lebur ne, zagaye, guga shi a gefe. Doaƙan ƙashi da lafiyayyen suna da tsawo, wutsiya tana da fadi, idanu suna toshe da manyan . Canza launi ya dogara da nau'in jinsin nasa, har ma da abinci mai gina jiki. Olive launin toka-kore da shuɗi mai duhu shuɗi launuka suna ƙaruwa a cikin ɓangaren na sama sau da yawa; piranha haske a gefe tare da azurfa launin toka tint.

Farancin ƙyallen da ƙyallen ciki suna da launin ja. An yiwa ƙarshen wutsiya layin baki. Za a iya bambance ƙuruciya daga kifi na manya da duhun duhu akan tarnaƙi wanda ya ɓace a kan lokaci.

Babban fasalin rarrabe shine jaws din sa. A dabi'a, ba a same su a cikin kowa ba.

1. Tsawon triangular hakora ya kai 5 mm. Suna da lamellar, ɗan ɗanɗano cikin ciki, mai kaifi sosai. Saboda haka, suna iya saurin kamuwa da wanda aka azabtar, suyi masa gunduwa-gunduwa ko yankan nama daga gare shi. Akwai ƙananan sandunansu da ƙashi a hakora.
2. Muƙamuƙi ne na musamman. Lokacin da aka matsa, babba da ƙananan hakora suna shiga cikin sinuses, suna haifar da matsin lamba. Za'a iya kwatanta aikinsa da tarko.
3. Ana auna ƙarfin ƙarfi ta hanyar Newtons 320, wanda ba shi da analogues a cikin mulkin dabbobi. Matsin lambar da yatsun da aka rufe suna wuce nauyinta sau 30.
4. Manya na iya sawa mutum yatsa cikin sauƙi. Mazauna karkara da ke zaune kusa da gawarwakin ruwa tare da piranhas sun dace don amfani da jaws ɗin hakora kamar almakashi, kuma suna aske haƙoransu.

Yanzu kuna da masaniyar menene bayyanar piranha. Kiwon wannan kifin yana faruwa ta hanyar sanya qwai . Wannan lokacin yana daga Maris zuwa Agusta. Don lalata, mace tana sanya dubban kwai, sannan namiji ya tsare su.

Fasalin Piranha

Wannan kifin, ban da tsarin ban mamaki na jaws, shima ya bambanta ikon yin sautikan . Misali, kasancewa a doron kasa, sai ta yi birgima kamar kare, a lokacin abincin dare tana iya nuna "wasa rawar da take yi", don tsoratar da kanta wacce take amfani da “croaking”, da kusantar wani daban, kifin ya zube.

Masana ilimin kimiyya sun gano cewa ana samun nau'ikan sauti iri daban-daban daga godiyarta ga mafifin iyo, wanda yake kwantawa da tsokoki. Sautin da aka samar ya dogara da saurin matsawarsu.

Piranha kyakkyawan ji da kamshin wari . Wanda aka azabtar, bayan ya sami kansa a nesa da nisan fiye da kilomita 6, ba zai sake samun ceto ba, tunda zubar jininsa ya ji ƙanshi.

Abokan gaba piranha

Ko kowane ɗayan da ya wuce shi girma, ko manyan masu farauta, waɗanda, duk da haka, kansu ya zama abin da ya same su, ba za su iya tsoratar da wannan karamin kifi ba. Amma waɗannan kifayen har yanzu suna da abokan gaba:

A cikin ruwa na Turai da Rasha, ana ƙara samun piranha. Wannan ba wargi bane na dabi'a, amma laifin ƙwararrun masaniyar ruwa waɗanda suka kasa kula da kifin, suka yanke shawarar barin shi.

Turai da Russia ba su da abin tsoro, saboda kifi baya rayuwa cikin ruwan sanyi kamar yadda lokacin sanyi ya zo, dukansu za su lalace. Jin daɗin zaman su, zazzabi yana daga digiri 24 zuwa 27.

Piranha kifi ne wanda zai iya daidaitawa da sabon yanayin rayuwa. A cikin akwatin kifayen, tana jin daɗi sosai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mutane da yawa suke ƙoƙarin yin kiwo. A lokaci guda, kar a manta game da abubuwan da ake son dandano, saboda kifin kaddara ne.

Bukatar ta ciyar dama , ƙananan kifi, irin su sprat, capelin, ƙaddara a cikin abincin. Kar ku manta game da lafiya.

Shin wannan kifin na daɗin ci ne?

Wannan kifin yana da ƙamshi sosai. Akwai labaru da yawa waɗanda ke nuna wannan fasalin. Misali, akwai wani alade da ya fada cikin ruwa lokacin da garken cikin 'yan mintina suka hadiye shi ga kashi. Yawancin lokaci masunta da kansu sukan zama wadanda abin ya shafa, suna faranta musu rai.

An kama su saboda cinye kifi nama yayi kama da perch. Yi amfani da mafi yawan lokuta a cikin soyayyen tsari. Kifi na faruwa a kan kamun kifi, amma kamun kifi dole ne ya mai da hankali sosai, saboda kifin na iya kama yatsa.

Don haka, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa piranha dabba ce wacce take buqatar yanayin yanayin yanayin rayuwa, halakarwa zai haifar da rashin daidaituwa lokacin da za a sami babbar dama da barkewar annobar cuta da kuma kamuwa da cuta a jikin ruwa.

Piranhas ya zauna a cikin koguna na Kudancin Amurka. Gidajen su ya kai mil duban kilomita murabba'i - daga kan iyakar gabas na tsaunin Andes zuwa gabar Tekun Atlantika. Piranhas ya zauna jikin ruwan Paraguay, Uruguay da Argentina. Akwai nau'ikan piranhas sama da ashirin. Wasu nau'in sun girma zuwa rabin mitir a tsayi, yayin da wasu ke da karancin santimita kaɗan.

Akasin mashahurin mashahuri, yawancin nau'ikan piranhas basu da lahani. Fourabi'u huɗu ne kawai na waɗannan kifayen masu tayar da hankali kuma suna iya zama haɗari. Akwai cikakkun bayanai game da harin da piranhas ya kai kan, amma ba ɗayan waɗannan shari'o'in da suka haifar da mummunan sakamako.

Kalmar "" daya daga cikin kabilun Kudancin Amurka na Indiya yana nufin "kifi-hakori." Wannan halayyar kifi ne mai ƙyalli, haƙoran haƙora ne saboda fayilolin musamman na ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Thearjin motsi na tsokoki muƙamuƙi suna da ƙarfi sosai. A zahiri, piranhas ba ya fasa ganima, amma yanke yankan nama. Hakoran piranhas suna da kaifi sosai. An yi imani cewa zasu iya lalata koda ƙarfe.

Piranhas cannibals ne. Zasu iya kai wa farmaki dangi da aka ji rauni.

Tarihin piranha na kowa

Ba a san ainihin yadda piranhas ke jin ganima ba. Wataƙila suna motsa su ta hanyar motsawar waɗanda waɗanda abin ya shafa suke yi. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa piranhas na iya amsa canje-canje a matakan ruwa.

Piranhas sun shahara sosai wajen kiwo a cikin aquariums. Koyaya, a mafi yawan ƙasashe nasu

Ranan ƙaramar ɗan maɗaukaki piranha na iya zama kyakkyawa da adon kayan ƙwallafa na asali. Koyaya, kafin ku sami irin wannan tashin hankali, amma a lokaci guda matsanancin kifi mai ƙyama, ya kamata ku ba shi yanayin rayuwa na al'ada.Kar ka manta yin la'akari da cewa piranhas piranhas sune kifayen da suke iya cin nasara waɗanda zasu iya ciji mai shi ko kuma suyi hulɗa da maƙwabcin su cikin sauri. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masana suka ba da shawarar cewa kwararru da kwararrun masanan ruwa ne kawai suka kiyaye wannan kifin.

Yi tsalle mai sauri akan labarin

Abubuwan kulawa na asali

Aquarium piranhas suna makaranta garken, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya fi kyau a bar su cikin garken, kusan mutane 10, amma idan kundin ya ba da ƙarin. Idan kuma suka kasa kirkirar garken nasu, sai suji tsoro, a sakamakon haka sai suka bunkasa da talauci kuma an rage lokacin rayuwa da muhimmanci. Mazan da suka manyan mutane suna iya rayuwa cikin salama su kaɗai, alhali suna jin cikakken amincewa. Bugu da kari, harma su kadai zasu iya kai hari ba wai kawai manyan kifayen da ke zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye ba, har ma da mutanen jinsunan su.

A cikin akwatin kifaye, ruwan koyaushe zai zama mai tsabta, wanda shine dalilin da ake tacewa da aeration shine mafi mahimmancin buƙata a cikin kula da irin wannan kifin. Canjin ruwa na mako-mako na kusan kashi 10-15% shima muhimmin yanayi ne don ci gaban kifi mai kyau. Hakanan wajibi ne don saita mafi yawan zafin jiki a cikin akwatin kifin, kusan 26.5 ° C. Idan ruwan a cikin akwatin kifaye yana kullun sanyi ko akasin haka, wannan na iya haifar da rauni garkuwar kifin da kuma abin da ya faru.

Ya kamata a kuma mai da hankali musamman wajen kawata sararin da waɗannan mutane ke rayuwa. Tunda suna da nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali, kifayen suna ji a cikin ɗakunan ruwa tare da ciyayi mai yawa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa fiye da 50% na yankin ruwa ya kamata a sanye da shinge na musamman a cikin hanyar kofofin, gidaje, snags kuma a dasa su tare da tsire-tsire na wucin gadi. Tabbas, ganye na halitta ba zai tsoma baki tare da piranhas ba, amma tare da irin wannan jin daɗin za a magance shi da sauri, saboda wannan nau'in ya ci duk abin da za a iya ci.

Abincin abinci na yau da kullun

Piranhas da ke zaune a cikin jerin ruwayoyin ba su da ma'ana a cikin abinci, amma yana da mahimmanci kada ku shaye dabbobinku, idan ya yiwu, canza abincinsu kowace rana kuma ku tsabtace sauran abincin nan da nan bayan cinyewa. Babban bambanci tsakanin piranhas da sauran kifin akwatin kifaye shine cewa, idan sun cika, sun bar abinci, kuma kar su ɗauki ragowar abincin. Sabili da haka, don hana lalata da saurin gurɓataccen ruwa, zai fi kyau a cire abincin rhinestone.

Amincewa da cewa fauna na karkashin ruwa na mutane-ya fi zama abin birgewa a fim fiye da yadda aka saba, mazaunin zamani ya dade da watsar da yiwuwar zama ganima. Amma idan an kawo ku Kudancin Amurka, dole ne ku kasance cikin shiri don komai.

Piranha mai kaifi mai kaifi cikin nasara ya yi gwagwarmaya tare da anaconda da chupacabra don lakabin girmamawa ga mafi girman halitta a Kudancin Amurka. Akwai wasu gaskiya a cikin labaru masu ban mamaki, amma a rayuwa ta zahiri kifin da Hollywood ta yi (ko da samari James Cameron, marubucin "Terminator" da "Avatar" ya sanya fina-finai game da su) kuma waɗanda suka mamaye wuri mai mahimmanci a cikin mummunan labarun mutanen yankin, sun zama cikakke. Za mu yi kokarin korar tatsuniyoyin da suka zama ruwan dare game da wannan maharbin kuma muna bayar da wasu nasihu masu amfani ga waɗanda suka sayi tikiti zuwa Brazil ko Mexico.

Kowa ya san cewa piranhas yana zaune a cikin ruwan da ke cikin Amazon. Kuma wannan gaskiyane, bambancin jinsunan da suke rayuwa a cikin wannan babban kogin yana da girma sosai. Amma ya kamata ku san cewa mazaunin piranhas yana da faɗi sosai, ana iya samun su a kusan kowace kogi a yankin Kudancin Amurka. A lokaci guda, ga yawancin masu son fim na tsoro za su zama labarai cewa wasu nau'ikan piranhas sune herbivores. Kuma daga cikin nau'in wannan kifin, uku ko hudu ne kawai zasu iya zama masu haɗari ga mutane.

Babban abincin piranhas shine ɗaukar kaya, kuma ba a kowane tanned fure a cikin bikini ba. Idan ana kiran karnukan karnuka cikin tsari na daji, to da wannan nasarar ɗaya kifayen za a iya kiranta jerin kogunan. Duk wata dabba da ta mutu ta tsabtace da su kuma baya cutar da ruwa da ƙazantar maraveric. Koda mafi girman tashin hankali piranhas zai zaɓi gawar mamaci, watsi da ganima.Kuma lokacin da "sha'awar" mutumin ya fara yayyafa a kan garken piranhas da ke fama da yunwa, mayan farauta za su fi son neman ƙaramin ganima. Mafi yawa wakilan masarautar masunta suna wahala daga haƙoransu, kodayake ruwa mai shayarwa har ma da tsuntsayen da suka sauka akan ruwa suma suna samun sa.

Ba kowane nau'in piranhas bane "ƙarau" girman dabino. Wadansu suna girma zuwa kusan rabin mita a girma. Kyakkyawan fasali don duka iyalin piranha shine tsarin musamman na jaws da wurin hakora. Hakoran hakoran kushe na waɗannan kifayen, idan an cije su, sun haɗa kai sosai tare da mai ƙin cin abincin ba ya fasa naman abincin, sai dai ya yanke shi. Misali mafi kusanci shine almakashi mai kyau ko ziper akan tufafi. Hakanan, duk piranhas an fasalta shi ta hanyar "aiki" ta hanyar daidaitawa a cikin fakitin. Lokacin kai hari, kowane kifi ya ciji kuma nan da nan ya ba da “abokin aiki”. Sakamakon haka, har ma manyan dabbobi, kamar su tapir, ana sa musu kashi a cikin ƙasusuwa a lokacin rikodin.

Babban abin mamaki ga masu ba da labari na ban tsoro zai zama gaskiyar cewa a cikin duk tarihin Kudancin Amurka ta zamani, ba a taɓa yin rikodin guda ɗaya na mutuwar ɗan adam daga haƙoran piranha bisa hukuma ba. Za'a iya jin mafi yawan tatsuniyoyin da ake yi na kisan gilla a cikin ruwan kogin daga masunta na gida. Kuma masunta, kun sani, suna iya ƙara yin ƙara da ƙarami da ɗan zane kaɗan a cikin kowace ƙasa da kowace ƙasa. Misali, lokacin da aka yi zurfin bincike kan mummunan bala'in na 1976, an bayyana muhimman bayanai a Brazil: sannan wata motar cike da fasinjoji ta fada cikin wani kogi mai zurfi, kusan mutane arba'in ne suka mutu. Piranhas ya cinye gawawwakin su, kuma latsawar motar daukar marasa lafiya ta sanya masu hangen nesa na daukar fansa akan mutane. Amma binciken da aka yi wa wasu tsirarun mutane da suka tsira ya nuna cewa tashi daga motar, ba su ga wani piranhas ba, bugu da ƙari, ba a kai musu hari ba. Kuma an tayar da motar zuwa saman bayan 'yan awanni bayan hadarin, tare da babban yuwuwar yiwuwar ire-iren kwari da aka gano tuni a bar gawawwakin.

Amma kada ku manta da saitin waɗannan haƙoran hakoran. Rikicin Piranha akan mutanen da ba mai mutuwa ba yana faruwa tare da kasancewa mai ban tsoro. A mafi yawan lokuta, wadanda abin ya shafa suna iya yin amfani da wasu jijiyoyi masu raɗaɗi, amma akwai lokuta da yawa sanannun lokuta na harin piranha, wanda ya haifar da mummunan rauni. A cikin 2013, fiye da mutane 60, ciki har da yara bakwai, sun ji rauni a wani rafin gabar kogin a Ajantina daga mummunan harin piranhas. An kwantar da mutane da yawa a asibiti, kuma wasu daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa sun ciji ta dalilin yatsunsu a hannayensu ko kafafunsu. Masana ilimin halittu sun danganta wannan harin da zafin da bai taba faruwa ba. Don kare kanka daga piranhas, da gaske, ya kamata ka kula da yanayin da yanayin canji. A lokacin murkushe kogin Amazon da sauran manyan koguna, filayen farauta na piranhas ya faɗaɗa sosai. Kifi yana karɓar abinci mai yawa, saboda yawancin gawawwakin dabbobin ƙasa, wanda aka kama da sauri bazuwar matakan ruwa a waɗancan sassan. Kuma a lokacin zafi da fari, lokacin da aka kama manyan abubuwa na piranhas a cikin kunkuntar kogunan murkushe kogin, babu wani daga cikin mazaunan garin da zai iya yin farinciki cikin ruwa mai narkewa.

Dangane da tarihin rayuwar adabi, piranhas ya amsa da jini sosai. Rayuwa a cikin raƙuman ruwa na laka na Amazon sun koyar da wannan nau'in dogaro ga dogara da ƙanshin, saboda haka suna iya jin warin jini a cikin ruwa a cikin kashi ɗaya zuwa miliyan ɗaya da rabi. Kuma gaskiyar cewa piranhas ya zama mai yawan tashin hankali a lokaci guda ba abin mamaki bane: gaba ɗaya dabbobi sun amsa jini, koda saniya mara lahani na da ikon yin abubuwan da basu dace ba a gaban jini.

Mafi sau da yawa, waɗanda ke farauta akan piranhas sukan zama waɗanda ke fama da cizo. Labari ne game da masunta. A'a, piranhas baya daukar fansa akan mutane da sandunan kamun kifi. Amma cire cirewar piranha daga ƙugiya, zaka iya rasa yatsanka a sauƙaƙe. Hatta kifayen da aka kama kuma aka jefa su a bakin ruwa suna iya riƙe haƙoran haƙoransu ga mai laifin tare da yin saniyar ware. Amma abincinsu ana ɗaukar shi mai daɗi ne, kuma ya wuce gona da iri, tunda ya ƙi yarda, sai ya yi karo da katun zuwa kogunan Kogunan Kudancin Amurka.Wani katon peran na kusan kwano a wuyan ƙugiya, kawai sai ka ja shi a ruwa, motsi kawai.

Piranhas sune dodanni daga finafinai masu ban tsoro da labarun ban tsoro, ƙananan amma masu jini a cikin mazaunan ruwan Amazon da sauran koguna a Kudancin Amurka (Kolumbia, Venezuela, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina). Me muka sani game da su? Wataƙila ba komai. Bayan wannan, duk ilimin yana iyakance ga nau'in guda ɗaya kawai - piranha na yau da kullun, wanda ya sami kanta wata masaniya.

Iyalin Piranha suna da ɗan kifi na 60 daban-daban. Kuma, abin mamaki shine, mafi yawansu dabbobi ne, galibi basa cin abincin dabbobi. Girman piranhas ya dogara da nau'in halittu, kayan dabbobi da yawa sun kai 30 cm, kuma danginsu masu cin ganyayyaki na iya samun nauyi mai girma kuma suna girma sama da mita ɗaya a tsayi. Har ila yau, canza launi ya dogara da nau'in, amma mafi yawa azurfa-launin toka, kuma ya zama duhu tare da shekaru. Siffar jiki tana da nau'in lu'u-lu'u da girma, matsawa a gefe. Babban abinci ga masu farauta shine piranhas da yawa waɗanda zasu iya ciyar da dabbobi ko ma tsuntsayen da ke faruwa a hanya. Don nau'in herbivorous, Amazon da kayan aikin ta yalwata a cikin ciyayi iri daban daban, basa ƙin waɗannan kifayen da kwayoyi, ƙwayayen da suka faɗa cikin ruwa.

Tsarin Jaw

Piranha yana da alaƙa da tsarin ban mamaki na kayan muƙamuƙi, wanda, watakila, bashi da alamun analogues a cikin yanayi. Ana bayar da komai a ciki ga mafi ƙarancin bayanai. Hakora suna da siffar triangular masu girma da kuma girman 4-5 mm, lamellar da kaifi, kamar mashin reza, suna dan kadan sun lanƙwasa cikin. Wannan zai basu damar sauƙaƙar naman wanda aka azabtar, yayyaga nama. Bugu da ƙari, hakora babba da ƙananan daidai sun dace da sinuses yayin da aka rufe muƙamuƙi, yayin ƙirƙirar matsi mai ƙarfi. Wannan yanayin yana bawa piranhas damar ciji kasusuwa. Lokacin da aka rufe, muƙamuƙin ya rufe kamar tarko. Dangane da binciken da masana kimiyya suka yi kwanan nan, ikon cizo shine 320 Newtons kuma ba shi da alamun analogues a masarautar dabba. Jayayen hujin na yin matsanancin nauyi wanda yake kusan nauyinsa 30 a yayin cije shi.

Ina ne piranhas yake zaune?

Waɗannan su ne mazaunan ruwa mai ƙarfi a Kudancin Amurka. Basasar ta Amazon ta ƙunshi kashi biyar na duk ruwa mai kyau, wannan kogin cike yake da kifaye daban daban. Piranhas yana raye tsawon tsawon kogin kuma ya kasance batun al'adu da labaru na mazauna karkara. ya rufe yankuna masu yawa, yawancinsa mallakar Brazil ne, amma ban da wannan, Ekwado, Colombia Bolivia da Peru. Piranhas kuma yana jin daɗi sosai a cikin wasu koguna, yankin da mazauninsu a cikin yankin Kudancin Amurka yana da girma sosai.

Kwanan nan, wannan kifin ya zama sananne sosai wurin kiyaye gida da kiwo. Piranha a cikin akwatin kifaye zai yi girma ƙasa da girman da aka saba da ita a yanayi na zahiri, kuma ta ɗanɗana tashin hankali. Abin mamaki, tare da irin wannan yanayin barazanar, suna zama masu tsoro a cikin sarari da ke tsare kuma galibi suna ɓoye a cikin mafaka.

Duk kifin piranha sun haɗu a cikin iyali guda kuma sun rarrabu, bisa ga tsarin halittar dabbobi, zuwa cikin ƙananan wurare uku.

Myelina Subfamily

Myelins shine rukuni mafi girma, yana hade da kwayoyin halitta guda bakwai da nau'ikan 32. Waɗannan su ne herbivorous da cikakken cutarwa piranhas (hoto). Kifi ku ci abincin shuka. Canza launi ya bambanta sosai, ya danganta da nau'in halittu. Tsarin jikin mutum halayyar mutum ne, daga baya a matsa shi kuma yana da girma. A cikin samari matasa, launi shine ƙarfe-baƙin ƙarfe, tare da bambancin digiri na tabo, wanda ke duhu zuwa launin ruwan cakulan launin toka yayin da yake girma. Girgiza yakai daga 10 zuwa 20 santimita. Da yawa wakilan wannan subfamily ana bred a cikin aquariums. Suna buƙatar ɗumbin ruwa da isasshen wuri don tsari, saboda wannan kifi ne mai kunya. Aquarium piranha daga myelin subfamily za su ji daɗi a zazzabi ruwa na digiri 23-28, kuma abincin yau da kullun ya kamata ya haɗa da salatin, kabeji, alayyafo, Peas da sauran kayan lambu.Wasu nau'in ma suna cin kwayoyi a cikin yanayi na halitta, a sauƙaƙe fasa ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tare da muƙamansu masu ƙarfi.

Catoprionins na Subfamily

Wannan kifin, yayi kama da piranha na kowa kuma kasancewarsa mafi kusancinsa, a cikin babban abincinsa (60%) yana da abinci na shuka, kuma 40% kawai ƙananan kifi ne. Amma har yanzu kuna buƙatar ware shi daban da sauran kifayen, in ba haka ba za a ci ƙananan, manyan kuma suna haɗarin barin bar su da lalatattun ɓangarorin kuma ba tare da sikeli ba. A matsayin abincin dabbobi, zaku iya amfani da ƙananan jatan lande ko kifi, ciyawar ƙasa, da kayan lambu - alayyafo, letas, nettle da sauran ganye.

Subraamily Serrasalmins

Waɗannan sune ƙaddarawar masu cin gashin kansu, 'yan ƙasa kaɗan ne da ke wakilta su ɗaya kawai da jinsin 25. Dukkansu suna cin abincin dabbobi: kifi, dabbobi, tsuntsaye. Girman piranhas na Serrasalmin subfamily zai iya isa masu girma zuwa 80 cm, yana kaiwa nauyin nauyin 1 kg. Wannan babbar barazana ce ga dabbobi (ba da ambaci kifi ba), wanda a cikin girman zai iya wuce su sau da yawa, amma wannan bai hana piranha ba. Bayyanan kananan mafarautan abu ne masu matukar tayar da hankali: ya kankama sosai kuma ya dan guntu a hankali, idanun suna hade, yanayin jikin mutum mai zagaye yake. A cikin tafkunan, sun fi so a ajiye su cikin fakitoci, amma idan suka kawo hari ga wanda aka azabtar, sai suyi zaman kansu da juna, saboda haka ba za a iya cewa suna da kifin rukuni-rukuni ba. Piranhas ya amsa motsi a cikin ruwa, wannan ya jawo hankalin su. Lokacin da ɗayansu ya sami wanda aka azabtar, sauran kuma nan da nan ya tashi zuwa wurin. Bayan haka, akwai ra'ayi game da likitocin dabbobi da piranhas zasu iya yin sauti, ta yadda zasu iya yada junan su bayanai. Fakitin piranhas zai iya barin kasusuwa daga dabba a cikin fewan mintuna.

Bayanin cewa sun sami damar jin jinin a nesa nesa ba kusa ba daga wanda aka azabtar gaskiya ne. Kifayen Piranha suna zaune a cikin ruwan laka na Amazon, kuma abu ne na dabi'a cewa dole ne su dace da yanayin gani mai kyau, sakamakon - ingantacciyar ma'anar ƙanshi. Piranha yana jawo jini da gaske, wannan alama ce ta bayyanar wanda aka cutar da shi.

Additionari ga haka, ba sa raina ɗaukar kaya har ma da rashin lafiyar 'yan'uwansu. Ga dabbobi da mutane, aan onlyan mutane ne kawai ke da haɗarin gaske.

Piranha na gama gari

Babban mashahurin wakilin da ke tattaunawa wanda tattaunawar ba ta gushe ba shine Common Piranha. Tsawon kowane ɗayan wannan nau'in na iya isa zuwa santimita 30, amma a hakika suna da girman girman dabino na mutum. Matsakaici piranhas (hoton kifin da ke ƙasa) launin-kore ne mai launin shuɗi a launi tare da wurare masu duhu ko'ina cikin jiki, akan ciki ƙamshi yana da halayyar ruwan hoda. Suna zaune cikin fakitoci kusan mutum ɗari.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, piranhas talakawa sun shahara sosai a cikin gyaran gida. Yanayin akwatin kifaye na taimaka wajan rage tashin hankali. Amma har yanzu akwatin kifayen yana buƙatar wannan daban.

Black piranha

Wannan wani nau'in halittar ne daga ƙwaƙwalwar Serrasalmina, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari kuma ya shahara cikin kiwo gida. Habitat - da kuma Orinoco. Tsarin jikin yana da nau'ikan lu'u-lu'u, kuma launi mai duhu, baki da azurfa. A cikin kifi matasa, ciki yana da tintin rawaya. Black piranha mai cin nasara ne a duk duniya, komai ya dace da abincin: kifi, arthropods, tsuntsaye ko dabbobi da gangan a kama ruwa. Irin wannan rashin yarda a cikin abinci ya haifar da mafi yawan su a cikin ruwa na Amazon. Kodayake ƙuntataccen nau'in halitta ya ƙasa da na piranha talakawa. Akwatin kifaye don irin waɗannan kifayen suna buƙatar babban, fiye da lita 300. Matsalar kiwo shine cin zarafin piranhas dangane da juna. Wayar mai yiwuwa ne idan wakilan akwatin kifaye na iyali sun ci yadda yakamata, tare da yawan abincin dabbobi, sun kasance masu kiba, wanda zai iya zama babban cikas ga bayyanar zuriya. A cikin hoto - black piranha.

Tarihi na daya: piranhas ya kai hari ga mutum

Tabbas yana da wahala yin hukunci da wannan, tunda bayanan sun sabawa juna.Yawancin masana kimiyya da masana ilimin dabbobi da suka kwashe sama da shekara guda a kan Amazon basu taɓa ganin wani harin ba, ƙari ga wannan, kansu da kansu, da kansu suna haɗarin kansu saboda gwaji, sun yi wanka a cikin raɓar kogin, inda suka kama piranhas 'yan mintoci kaɗan da suka gabata, amma ba su kai harin ba. ya biyo baya.

Na dogon lokaci, akwai jita-jita game da wata motar bas tare da mazaunan gida waɗanda suka shiga cikin ɗayan biranen Amazon, kuma duk fasinjoji sun cinye ta a zahiri. Labarin ya faru da gaske a cikin 70s na karni na ƙarshe, fasinjoji 39 suka mutu, amma ɗayan ya sami damar tserewa. A cewar shaidun gani da ido, piranhas ya lalata jikin wadanda abin ya shafa da gaske. Amma don yanke hukunci kan ko wannan harin ya kasance ko ya zama sanadin mutuwa ba mai yiwuwa ba ne.

Akwai ingantattun tushe na kwari a rairayin bakin tekun Argentina lokacin da farkon wanda ya kai hari kifi. Amma waɗannan lamurra ne daban. Masanan ilimin dabbobi suna danganta wannan da cewa piranhas, mawuyacin halin da yake farawa lokacin tsallaken bakin teku, yana gina gida a cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Saboda haka, wannan dabi'ar kifin halitta ce ta halitta: sun kare zuriyarsu.

Bugu da ƙari, piranhas sun kasance mafi haɗari ga mutane da dabbobi a lokacin fari, lokacin da matakin ruwa a cikin koguna ya isa ƙarami, wanda ke shafar abincinsu: babu ƙarancin abinci. Mazauna karkara sun san wannan kuma basu shiga kogin a wannan lokacin ba. Lokaci mafi aminci shine lokacin damuna lokacin da koguna suka cika ambaliyar.

Tarihi na biyu: harin piranhas cikin fakitoci

Akwai labarai da yawa game da mummunan harin da aka kaiwa garke gaba ɗayanta, duk wannan ya ƙara wutar fim ɗin finafinai da yawa. A zahiri, manyan mutane ba sa neman ganima a cikin kogi, suna tsaye wuri guda, yawanci cikin ruwa mara kyau. Kifin yana jiran abin da ya ci, kuma da zaran wannan abincin ya bayyana, piranha ya tafi daidai. Mai jan hankali da amo da ƙanshi na jini, sauran rush a can. Piranhas ya tattara a cikin fakitoci ba don farauta ba, amma don kare kai daga abokan gaba - kamar yadda masana kimiyya da yawa suka yi imani. Da alama, wa zai iya cutar da su? Koyaya, har ma da irin wannan kifin na kifi yana da abokan gaba. Piranha, tattarawa cikin garken, yana kare kansa daga dabbobin kogunan da ke ciyar da su, kuma ga mutane ba su da lahani kuma suna da abokantaka. Bugu da kari, daga cikin abokan gaba na piranhas akwai arapaim da caimans. Na farko shine babban kifi, wanda ake ɗaukar kusan burbushin halitta ne. Tare da abubuwa masu ban mamaki, masu nauyi-nauyi, yana haifar da babbar barazana ga piranha. Fishes faruwa kawai, nan take zama wanda aka azabtar da arapaima. Caimans ƙananan wakilai ne na ƙungiyar masu rakiya. Likitocin dabbobi sun lura da cewa yayin da adadin wadannan mutanen sanadaran ke raguwa, adadin piranhas a cikin kogin nan da nan yana haɓaka.

Tarihi na uku: piranhas ya bayyana a cikin tafukan Rasha

Bala'i ya faru da gaske, amma wannan shine sakamakon ko dai halayyar masu son kifin kifayen kifayen, ko kuma ƙaddamar da niyya cikin wani tafki. A kowane hali, damuwa ba ta banza ba ce. Kodayake piranhas ya dace daidai da kowane yanayi, babban abin da ya sa rayuwarsu ta ci gaba ita ce guda ɗaya - yanayin dumama da ruwa (a tsakanin digiri 24 zuwa 27), wanda ba shi yiwuwa a ƙasarmu.

Tabbas, waɗannan Piranhas suna da haɗari kuma suna da mutuƙar magana, amma duk da haka labarun game da su galibi suna da kyau kuma sunada tushe. Populationan asalin yankin na Kudancin Amurka sun koyi zama tare tare da piranhas har ma ya sanya su zama kamun kifi. Yanayi bai halicci komai mara amfani ba: idan karnukan kyarkeci, to piranhas yayi wani aiki iri daya a jikin ruwa.

Rayuwa cikin yanayi

Piranha mai launin ja (latti

Akwai takaddama mai yawa game da sunan Latin kuma yana yiwuwa har yanzu zai canza, amma a wannan lokacin mun daidaita akan P. nattereri.

Tana zaune a cikin Kudancin Amurka: Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador da Uruguay.Yana zaune a cikin Amazon, Orinoco, Parana da sauran ƙananan koguna.

Yana zaune a cikin koguna, haraji, ƙananan koguna. Hakanan a cikin manyan tafkuna, tafkunan ruwa, gandun daji da ambaliyar ruwa. Suna farautar mutane 20 zuwa 30 a cikin fakitoci.

Suna cin duk abin da za a iya ci: kifi, katantanwa, tsire-tsire, invertebrates, amphibians.

Yarbuwa

Tambayar ita ce shin piranha zai iya rayuwa tare da wasu nau'in kifaye, watakila mafi yawan rigima. Wasu sun ce hakan ba zai yiwu ba, wasu sun samu nasarar ɗauke su da ƙananan kifaye.

Mafi m, duk ya dogara da dalilai da yawa: yaya girman akwatin kifaye yake, da yawa tsire-tsire, sigogin ruwa, adadin mutane, yanayin su, yawan su ke ciyar da wasu.

Zai fi sauƙi a kiyaye tare da manyan nau'ikan: baƙar fata, shirya kifin kifi, plecostomy, pterygoplychitis. Twoarshe na ƙarshe suna ma'ana da kyau tare da su, kamar yadda suke rayuwa a ƙananan shimfidar wuri, kuma faranti kashi ya kiyaye shi.

Kuna iya gwada sauran kifayen, amma ga yadda aka yi sa'a. Wasu piranhas basu taɓa kowa ba tsawon shekaru, wasu kuma….

Ana yin shi a cikin dukkan bangarorin ruwa. A cikin akwatin kifaye na lita 150, ba za a iya ajiye kifi fiye da ɗaya ba. Ganin cewa an bada shawarar ajiye piranhas a cikin fakitoci na mutane 4, ana buƙatar ƙarar don wannan fakitin daga lita 300 ko fiye.

Abin mamakin shine, sun fi jin kunya, kuma domin ya basu kwanciyar hankali, suna buƙatar wurare a cikin akwatin kifaye inda zasu ɓoye. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyau a yi amfani da daskararren itace ko wasu kayan adon kyau, kamar yadda tsire-tsire zasu iya lalata.

Abu mafi mahimmanci a cikin abun ciki shine tsabtataccen ruwa. Binciki ammoniya da nitrate na mako-mako tare da gwaje-gwaje; canza ruwa a kowane mako kuma.

Yana da mahimmanci cewa tanki tana da matattara mai ƙarfi na waje da canje-canje na ruwa na yau da kullun. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa suna narkewa sosai yayin cin abinci, da kuma cin abincin furotin wanda ke lalacewa cikin sauri.

Matatar tana buƙatar a wanke kullun, kuma kuyi ta sau da yawa fiye da sauran aquariums. Hanya mafi kyawu don fahimtar lokacin da lokaci ya sake zama gwaji ne.

Kar ku manta cewa lokacin wanke kayan tacewa, kuna buƙatar amfani da ruwa daga akwatin kifaye!

Abu mafi mahimmanci a cikin abun ciki (da ban sha'awa!) Shine a lura. Ku kalli dabbobinku, kuyi nazari, ku fahimta kuma a cikin lokaci ba zaku sake jin tsoron su ba. Zaka ga dukkan matsaloli a matakin farko.

Piranha a cikin akwatin kifaye: abun ciki, daidaituwa, sake duba bidiyo

Oda, dangi: haracin.

M ruwa mai sanyi: 24-26 ° C.

Rashin adalci: 100% m.

Karfinsu: ci gaba da dacewa.

M alamu: Kifi almara ne, kifayen tsoro ne da ke haifar da tsoro ga mutane. A cikin yanayin yanayi, piranha yana da haɗari da gaske, amma dangin akwatin kifayen sun daidaita da hankali kuma marasa ƙarfi. Amma saboda wasu dalilai tsoron mutane na wannan bai gushe ba. Da zarar Piranha Paku ta fara, - farinciki da firgici tsakanin abokai da baƙi suna ta ji. Amma komai nawa na shawo kansu, babu wanda ya isa ya sanya hannunsa cikin akwatin kifayen: winked:

Suna zaune a cikin koguna da Wuraren Kudancin Amurka. Girman 30 cm. Kuma ƙari.

Masu farautar Piranha suna da makamai a zahiri. Hakoran suna da lamellar da reza-kaifi. Ranarfewar Piranha tana da ƙarfi, dattijo na iya cizo ta sandar katako ƙaƙƙarfan yatsan ɗan adam.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa piranhas na akwatin kifayen ya rasa tsaurin tasirin su, amma ya riƙe kamannin su mai kauri. Zaka iya sauke hannunka lafiya cikin akwatin kifin na piranha.

A cikin akwatin kifaye, piranhas zai iya samun haɗin kai tare da sauran mambobin gidan haracin. Piranhas garken kifin kifaye ne, don haka yana da kyau a ajiye su cikin garken 5-8 kifaye masu girman daidai da shekaru.

Volumearar akwatin akwatin kifaye yakamata ya zama aƙalla lita 150.

Maballin ruwa mai gamsarwa ga abun ciki: taurin zuciya 12-16, pH 6-7, zazzabi ruwa 24-26 ° C. Aeration da tacewa zasuyi amfani.

Aquarium sanye take da ƙasa da mafaka driftwood, manyan grottoes manyan bushes na shuke-shuke.

A cikin akwatin kifin, piranhas yana rayuwa tsawon tsawon shekaru kusan 10-12.

Ana ciyar da Piranhas: nama, squlet fillet ko kifin teku.Ina bayar da shawarar ciyar da naman naman sa (ba mai kitse ba, mai cin abinci, ba tsada ba) - ku ci tare da kara.

Musamman "runduna mai sanyi-sanyi" suna ciyar da piranhas tare da kifin kifaye masu araha: guppies, takobi, "Goldfish", da sauransu.

Ciyar da kifin kifaye ya kamata ya zama daidai: daidaita, bambance bambancen. Wannan ka'ida ta asali ita ce mabuɗin don nasarar cin nasarar kowane kifi, ya kasance ko cukurkuɗe ko sararin samaniya. Mataki na ashirin da "Yaya kuma nawa don ciyar da kifin kifaye" yayi Magana game da wannan dalla-dalla, yana shimfida mahimman ka'idodin tsarin abinci da tsarin ciyar da kifi.

A cikin wannan labarin, mun lura da mafi mahimmancin abu - ciyar da kifin bai kamata ya zama ruwan dare ba, duka bushe da abinci mai rai ya kamata a haɗa su cikin abincin. Bugu da kari, yana da buqatar yin la’akari da fifikon gastronomic na wani kifi kuma, ya danganta da wannan, hada shi a cikin abincin abincinsa ko dai da abun cikin furotin ko kuma akasin haka tare da kayan kayan lambu.

Shahararren sanannen sanannen abinci don kifi, ba shakka, abinci ne bushe. Misali, kowane sa'a kuma ko'ina zaka iya samu akan akwatin akwatin kifayen ciyar da kamfanin Tetra - shugaban kasuwar Rasha, a zahiri batun samar da abincin wannan kamfani abun mamaki ne. Etraarfin “gastronomic arsenal” ya haɗa da ciyarwar mutum don wani nau'in kifin: don kifin gwal, don cichlids, don loricaria, guppies, labyrinths, ƙanshi, tattauna, da sauransu. Tetra kuma ya haɓaka ciyarwar musamman, alal misali, don haɓaka launi, mai ƙarfi ko don ciyar da soya. Cikakken bayani akan duk abubuwan ciyarwar Tetra, zaku iya samu akan shafin yanar gizon official na kamfanin - nan .

Ya kamata a lura cewa lokacin sayen kowane busasshen abinci, ya kamata ku kula da kwanan watan da aka ƙirƙira shi da rayuwar shiryayye, ƙoƙari kada ku sayi abinci ta hanyar nauyi, kuma ku adana abinci a cikin rufaffiyar jihar - wannan zai taimaka don guje wa ci gaban pathogenic flora a ciki.

Abubuwan Lafiya

Wannan kifin yana cin kusan komai. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin akwatin kifaye, babu matsaloli na musamman. Amma kafin ku fara shi, ya fi kyau ku gwada sauƙin kifi. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa piranha babban ɗan ƙaddara ne. Ko da lokacin yin hidimar akwatin kifaye, dole ne a kula da kulawa ta musamman. Juya kifin, zaka iya samun mummunan rauni.

Siffofin halayen piranha.

Piranhas sune mafarautan da ke cin dabbobi marasa lafiya ko dabbobi masu rauni, wato, suna yin aiki ne na tsarin ruwa na musamman. Suna cikin abubuwan characinids na Amurka, suna makarantar kifi waɗanda zasu iya kai hari ga manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kamar dawakai da bijimai, da karnuka.

Zai yi kama da maciji mai irin wannan fata na iya jin tsoron ƙaramin kifi . Sai dai itace yana da wasu lalura inda piranha zai iya jingina ta. Misali, kasan gefen paws. Wani dabba na piranha vulgaris da dabba ta cinye shi a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan, yana kimanin kilo 50. Kifi na iya zama haɗari ga mutane. Alamar don kai hari shine kasancewar jini a cikin ruwa, ƙanshinta wanda yake jin ƙanshi ga dubun mita.

A zalunci na piranhas ya dogara sosai a kan lokaci na shekara, yawanci suna ciyar da ƙananan kifi da jigilar kayayyaki, ba su kula da mutane da dabbobi ba. Banda shi ne lokuta idan dabba mai rauni ta shiga kogin. Suna garkuwa da ƙanshin jini cikin fakitoci. Daga dabba da aka ji rauni babu wani abin da ya rage cikin mintina kaɗan.

Piranha Nurse na gandun daji

A lokacin ambaliyar, sun bazu ko'ina cikin yankin suna cin abinci, sun makale kuma suka nutsar da dabbobi. Wani nau'i mai tsari a cikin gandun daji. Ambaliyar ruwa a Brazil ba sabon abu ba ce, yayin da ruwa zai iya tashi zuwa mita 15. Treesananan bishiyoyi sun ƙare cikin ruwa tare da rawanin. Wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire na piranhas na piranhas suna ciyar da 'ya'yan itãcen bishiyoyi, yayin da suke ba da tsaba ga ƙasa. Don haka, piranha muhimmin abu ne a cikin ilimin halittu na kasar Brazil.

Inda akwai filaye jiya, kwale-kwale na iyo da yara kuma suna iyo, kuma babu komai a ciki.Yawon bude ido na yin tsere kan ruwa. Ga irin wannan idyll. Bugu da kari, piranha abinci ne na gida. Yan yawon bude ido sun kama piranhas a kan matsi na kamun kifi, da kuma mazauna karkara ma. Haka kuma, ba tare da wasu hanyoyin kariya na musamman ba. A YouTube, ni ma na ga bidiyo akan wannan batun. Jirgin ruwan da ke bakin teku ya ciji yatsa masun mashin. Amma ko ta yaya ya cire shi, ya buga yatsa tare da taimakon bandeji, kuma bari mu ci gaba da kama shi, kamar ba abin da ya faru.

Don haka a nan, wanene kuma yake cin wane. Baƙon Indiyawan suna da wata al'ada ta al'ada, suna saukar da mutanen da suka mutu a cikin kogi, a da can sun shagala da babbar hanyar sadarwa. Kuma a sa'an nan suka dauki kwarangwal, yi ado da su da gashin fuka-fukai kuma adana su a cikin bukka. Ga symbiosis da ke ciyar da junan mu.

Yadda piranha ke nuna hali yayin fari

Halin piranhas yana canzawa kwatsam yayin fari . Kogunan sun kasance daga koguna, kuma a wuraren tsohuwar ambaliyar akwai rafuffuka daban da ma keɓaɓɓe a cikin inda kifaye, dabbobin ruwa, kifayen dabbobi da sauran dabbobi. A farkon, piranhas yana cin dukkan abubuwa masu rai a cikin tafkin su, sannan kuma zasu iya kaiwa juna hari. A lokacin fari, piranha ya zama mai matukar tayar da hankali, kuma kusancin jikin ruwa yana da haɗari. Piranha yana jin yunwa sosai kuma har ya iya manne wa dabbar da ta yanke shawarar sha. Ko da jaguar yana jin tsoron waɗannan kifayen, amma yana aiki a hankali kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Ya je kusa da kandami kuma a hankali ya hura ruwan da mashin ɗin sa, kuma idan ruwan ya fara ɗora daga kifin, sai ya yi tsalle kaɗan na mitsi zuwa gefe yana shan ruwan a hankali. Ga irin wannan farji mai wayo.

Bidiyo: Red Bellied Piranha

Piranha (Pygocentrus) Muller & Troschel, 1844

Piranha daga yaren guarani yana nufin "kifi mai fushi."

Umarni: Harafi.
Iyali: Characidae.
Subfamily: Piranha (Serrasalminae).
HALITTA: Piranha (Pygocentrus).

Jinsuna: sun hada da nau'ikan nau'ikan Piranha na gaskiya.

Fitowa

Wanda aka sani a matsayin maharbin da ba ya iya tursasawa, mai iya saurin lalata nama daga kasada kuma yana da hadari ga kowane dabba da yake shiga cikin ruwan sa, Red-bellied Piranha shine daya daga cikin shahararrun kifin ruwa a duniya. Sakamakon haka, zanga-zangar wannan halitta ta “zubar da jini” tana faruwa a yawancin wuraren taruwar jama'a, an saki fina-finai na Hollywood masu ban tsoro, kuma ra'ayin ya zama sananne a cikin kasuwancin akwatin kifaye.

A cewar Herbert Axelrod (1976), tatsuniyar ta fara ne lokacin da Shugaban Amurka Theodore Roosevelt ya ziyarci kasar Brazil ta Brazil a cikin 1913. Yana tare da shi da journalistsan Jaridu da yawa, kuma thean wasan na Brazil sun shirya wasu dabaru, wanda ɗayan shugaban ya yi zargin cewa "gano da gano" sabon kogi, wanda daga baya aka sanya shi cikin girmamawa. Chosenaya daga cikin ayyukan kogin Aripuanan an zaɓi shi, kuma har yau ana kiran shi Rio Roosevelt ko Rio Teodoro.

Lokacin da Roosevelt ya isa bakin kogin, 'yan Brazil sun shirya abin mamaki - an tona makircin yadudduka ɗari da yawa, a cikin makonni da yawa masunta sun saki daruruwan manya da ke ciki kuma suka ware su. Sun fadawa shugaban kasa cewa shi da mutanen sa su dena shiga ruwa, saboda mummunan kifayen za su ci su da rai. A zahiri, wannan labari ya sami gaisuwa tare da shakku, sannan aka kori saniya zuwa can. Wannan ya haifar da gwagwarmaya ta ban mamaki, don ƙoshin dama don samun "nasu yanki" a cikin tarko, mai fama da yunwa. Bayan wannan taron, jaridu sun cika da tatsuniyoyi na ban tsoro, da kifin kifayen, amma babu wani rubutaccen bayani game da kisan wani mutum da piranhas ya yi.

Dangane da bayanin da aka samu a wasu shafuka da kuma dandalin tattaunawar da ake bayarwa a yanzu a halin yanzu, yadda aka yi garkuwa da piranhas da danginsu sun sami ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan yanzu suna samuwa, amma yawancinsu da aka kama cikin daji suna da tsada kuma ba araha bane ga yawancin masoya. Piranhas na Nutterera, ba kamar su ba, ana siyar da su ne don dalilai na kasuwanci; ana siyar da matasa masu tsada tsada tsada, domin kifin da ke buƙata na musamman kuma kyakkyawan tsada da sabis.Ga masu sha'awar sha'awa, wannan babban mazauni ne na akwatin kifaye, amma mummunan tunani da bincike suna da mahimmanci kafin siyan.

Natsaner ta piranha ya zama da wahala a tantance saboda dalilai da yawa. Misali, Pygocentrus piraya da Pygocentrus cariba suna da ban sha'awa ga kogunan ruwa na mutum (San Francisco a Brazil da Orinoco a Venezuela / Columbia, bi da bi) kuma sun ba da haruffan halayyar ɗan adam. Pygocentrus nattereri, yana da faɗi sosai, kuma launi na iya bambanta sosai ko da tsakanin mutanen ƙasa ɗaya. Canjin kifin shima ya bambanta da irin mazauninsa; kifayen da suke rayuwa cikin ruwan baƙar fata / Blackwater galibi suna da duhu sosai tare da waɗanda suke zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsarkakakken fata ko fari.

Tsarin ilimin halittar jiki na kifi na mutum yana iya bambanta a kai da sifar mutum, kasancewar kasancewar babu tabo duhu ko kuma ƙyalƙyali a cikin tarnaƙi da ƙashin kansa.

Piranhas (Pygocentrus) - don kowane nau'in, yanayin kulawa, abinci mai gina jiki da haifuwa iri ɗaya ne.

Piranha spawning a cikin akwatin kifaye.

Nasarar kiwo piranhas ya dogara kacokam da horar mai ƙera, wanda kuke so ya wadatar da abincin dabbobi mai daɗin rai - yanka na naman sa, ƙwanƙwanƙan nama, squid, kifin teku. Kafin tsallakewa, namiji ya zama kyakkyawa. Jikinta yayi duhu da hasken zinare a tsaye a jikinta.

Don ɓoye piranhas, kuna buƙatar shirya akwatin kifaye, ofoƙarin wanda yake kusan lita 300 kowane biyu na kifi. Yakamata akwatin kifayen yakamata a sanya shi da matattakala mai tsaftacewa, samarda magudanar ruwa da kuma tsarkakakken ruwa, tunda cikin yanayi piranhas ya tsallake cikin ruwa mai gudu. Game 5 cm lokacin farin ciki ƙasa an zuba a ƙasan akwatin kifaye, wanda namiji zai tono rami don caviar.

Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin yanayin ya kamata ya zama kimanin 28-30 ° C, pH shine 6-7. Kowace rana, ana maye gurbin 25% na yawan ruwa tare da ruwa mai tsafta tare da sigogi iri ɗaya. Spawning na iya zama ba tare da tsirrai ba. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa namiji kawai yana “sa sheƙa” tsirrai a ƙarƙashin tushen sa. Spawning na iya faruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye guda wanda ya ƙunshi kifi, amma ba tare da maƙwabta ba. Lokaci na kiwo na piranhas a cikin ƙananan tasoshin sanannu ne. A lokaci guda, an ba da injections na hormone ga masana'antun.

Kifi ya girma a lokacin yana da shekara ɗaya da rabi. Biyu spawning an lura. Namiji zai kiyaye kamawa, saboda haka ya fi kyau a shuka sauran kifaye kafin a huce. Amfani da gida tare da diamita na 20 cm kuma zurfin 1-1.5 cm shine ƙasa na akwatin kifaye, inda namiji ke yin hutu na kamannin da ya dace. Ana iya tayar da hankali ta hanyar sauya kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙara ruwa tare da ƙaruwa sau ɗaya a cikin zafin jiki zuwa 26-28 ° C.

Yayin hurawar, piranhas ya tsaya a saman ramin da aka toka a tsaye sama ko ƙasa. A lokaci guda, mace zata iya share ƙwai 3000 tare da diamita na 1.5 mm. Mace ta kasance bayan gari.

Bayan tsallake-tsallake, a cikin makonni biyu, masu kerar sun sake shirye don tsabtacewa. Wannan na iya faruwa har sau biyar. Bayan haka, launi mai bushewa ya ɓace kuma kifin yana da hutu cikin haihuwa na watanni biyu zuwa uku.

Ciyar da soya.

2-3 days bayan spawning, larvae ƙyanƙyashe daga qwai. Yawan da ake buƙata daga gare su tare da bututu mai gilashi tare da diamita na milimita 10 mm an canja shi zuwa akwatin kifaye tare da ruwa mai tsabta na wannan abun da ake ciki kamar yadda yake cikin tsabtace ruwa. A rana ta shida, larvae ya zama soya kuma ya fara iyo. A cikin wata daya, soya ya kai santimita biyu kuma ka sami launi na azaman mai duhu. Lokacin wata biyu da haihuwa, kawunn yaran suyi ja sai su zama kamar faranti manya, yan kanana.

Adadin yawan amfanin ƙasa na larvae yana da girma kuma ya kai 90-95, kuma ƙananan yara mako-mako - 75-80 na adadin yawan larvae. Piranhas yana cin raunuka da raunana mutane na irinsu. A cikin yanayin tilasta jama'a, matasa kifi fara kai hari ga juna. Don hana cin naman mutane, farawa daga makonni uku na haihuwa, ya zama dole a rarrabe ƙananan yara a mako-mako.Don akwatin ruwa na lita 100, shawarar da aka ba da shawarar dasa itace ɗari uku zuwa ɗari biyar a wata, biyu tsawon watanni biyu kuma ba fiye da ɗari na tsawon watanni uku ba.

A soya galibi suna kaiwa juna hari, wani lokacin kusan har sai sun ci gaba ɗaya, kawunan su ka rage. Akwai zaɓi na ɗabi'a don inganta rayuwar wasu daidaikun mutane. Daga gwaninta an san cewa kusan kowace rana mutane da suka ji rauni suna fitowa a cikin babban rukuni na matasa dabbobi.

A lokacin rikici, piranhas na iya lalata juna sosai. A lokaci guda, kifin da aka sari dole ne a watsa shi zuwa wani akwatin kifaye. Bayan kwanaki 10-14, an sake dawo da ƙone da kyallen takarda da kyallen takarda. Wannan na'urar bushewar gashi don irin wannan saurin warkar da raunuka ba a yi nazari ba tukuna.

Kariya don kiyaye piranhas a cikin akwatin kifaye.

Kuna iya hawa zuwa cikin akwatin kifaye tare da cikakken piranha tare da hannuwanku da aiki. Babban abu shi ne cewa babu raunuka ko burrs a hannun. Hakanan, ba za ku iya fitar da kifi zuwa wuri mai kunkuntar ba, daga inda babu hanyar fita. Kar a manta cewa mafi yawan hadarin piranhas suna cikin matsala. Raunin da kwastomomi suka samu kusan faruwa koyaushe yayin dasa waɗannan kifayen. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da yanar gizo na musamman da aka yi da waya mai taushi ko igiya mai kauri.

Hankali: wasu nau'ikan piranhas na iya zama herbivores, kuma suna da kwanciyar hankali, yayin da zasu ci abincin dabbobi tare da kayan abinci na ganye. Lokacin kiyaye irin wannan kifin, koyaya, kula da sabon kifin da aka samo. Piranhas na nau'ikan nau'ikan suna kama da juna, musamman kifayen matasa. Sabbin kifi bazai zama mai zaman lafiya ba, kuma lokacin ciyarwa, zaka iya yanke yatsanka da sauƙi.

Lokacin da aka ƙara digo ɗaya na jini a cikin ruwa, ko cokali na ruwa wanda aka wanke naman, piranhas zai zama cikakkiyar damuwa kuma ya zama haɗari ga mutane.

Masu neman ruwaye wadanda suke amfani da allurar hormone don haifar da piranhas suna cikin hadarin. An bayyana shari'ar lokacin da piranha hakora hakora tayi akan fatar kan da ke rufe kanta. Kifi da tsawonsa ya kai 20 santimita ne kawai yana iya kokar wani yanki na nama har zuwa santimita biyu daga hannun mutumin da ba shi da hankali.

Shibanova Natalya Leonidovna

Abinci don kifi.

Abincin kayan lambu (alayyafo, 'ya'yan itace, nettle, letas, Dandelion), da kuma abubuwan rayuwa da haɗe tare da abinci sun dace da wannan nau'in. Pisces - masu kera dole ne a rarrabe kafin farawa! Daga nan sai ku dasa nau'i-nau'i biyu a cikin ƙasa mai fasalin ƙasa. (Yana da kyawawa cewa za a sami ƙasa mai duhu da isasshen tsire-tsire). Yawancin mace ɗaya yakai ƙwai 600! Idan komai ya tafi daidai, to bayan kwanaki 5-6, larvae sun fara iyo da kansu kuma suna cin abinci kaɗan!

Bayyanar Redfin Miles.

Jikin jan-fin Mileus yana da sifar diski-dishe. Launi launin launin launin toka ne. Mace yawanci paler ne kuma sun fi maza girma. Maza suna da haske, suna da kyau a banbance banbance tare da yanayin launi. Hakanan, a cikin maza, fin fin yana da launin shuɗi tare da daraja, yana da tsawon haske.

Tun da kifin yana jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki, ya fi kyau a zaɓi akwatin ruwa na akalla lita 200. (a cikin kudi na lita 30 na ruwa kowane mutum). Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da akwatin kifaye daga 100m a tsayi. Ingancin ruwa ba a sani ba. Amma don kwanciyar hankali za ku buƙaci ruwa a zazzabi na 25-30 digiri C, pH a cikin yankin na 5-7. Sun fi son ruwan oxygen, saboda haka ya kamata ka kula da yanayin tashin hankali. Yana da kyau a sanya akalla mutane 5 a cikin akwati guda don kafa garken.

Girman

Halayya da Yarbuwa

An fi dacewa a kiyaye shi kadai a cikin akwatin kifaye na dabbobi, kodayake Piranhas da ya manyanta ba mai yiwuwa ne ya fara kama kifi ba. Sau da yawa ana cewa daji P. nattereri farauta a cikin garken da ba a sansu ba, amma yawanci kawai ƙananan yara suna yin gungu. Tsofaffin mutane sun wanzu a cikin ƙungiyoyi na kyauta da kuma samar da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya, saboda haka, an bada shawarar siyan ko dai samfuran guda ɗaya ko rukuni na 5 +, ɗayan na gaba shine fin so.

Sigogi na Ruwa:

Yi ƙoƙari don canza 30-50% na yawan akwatin kifaye a kowane mako, kuma kuyi hankali musamman lokacin aiwatar da kulawa ko kamun kifi, saboda kowane dalili, ku mai da hankali.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Abincin na halitta ya ƙunshi kifaye masu rai da ƙari na ruwa, kwari, kwayoyi, tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kowane muƙamuƙi suna da layi guda na kaifi, haƙoran triangular waɗanda ana amfani da su azaman wutsiyoyi don soki, tsagewa, niƙa da murkushe.

A wasu lokuta kan kai hari ga kifi mara lafiya ko mutuwa, suna cin ragowar raguna daga kwarangwal manyan dabbobi, amma hare-hare kan dabbobi masu rai da ke fadawa cikin ruwa ba kasada da yawa kuma galibi sun shafi kwari da dama ko kuma yanayin adadin wadannan kifayen suna ci gaba da zama a kananan jikin ruwa yayin lokacin bushewa. .

A cikin akwatin kifayen na juurtles, bloodworms, kananan earthworms, shredded jatan lande, da makamantansu za a iya miƙa, yayin da manya za su dauki guda daga kifin ɓangaren litattafan almara, duka jatan lande, mussel, manyan earthworms, da dai sauransu.

Wannan nau'in kada a ciyar da naman dabbobi masu shayarwa ko kaji, saboda wasu daga cikin lemurorin da ke ciki basu iya kamun kifi da shi kuma suna iya haifar da kitsen jiki har ma da lalatawar jikin mutum. Bugu da kari, babu fa'ida a cikin ciyar da kifaye kamar masu rai ko ƙaramin kifin gwal, waɗanda ke ɗaukar haɗarin cuta kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su da ƙimar abinci mai mahimmanci.

Dimorphism na Jima'i

Redfin Mile Kiwo:

Sakamakon kiwo Redfin mileus ya dogara da abinci mai yawa da yawa yayin shirye-shiryen ciyarwa. Don filaye masu tsalle-tsalle, ana amfani da aquariums tare da damar akalla lita 150. Spaasan da ke cike da tsiro tana cike da maɓallin canji, wanda a cikin tushen willow, ruwa hyacinth ko ƙaramin ƙasa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan pebbles sun fi dacewa. Daga ɗaya zuwa uku ana haɗa su cikin akwatin kifaye ɗaya, kuma dole ne a sami ƙarin maza. Halin kifin da yake cike da farin ciki nan da nan zai zama sananne ga ido tsirara - kifin yana ɗaukar launin shuɗi-baki. Haihuwar kowane mutum kusan ƙwai 2000. Yana da Dole a tsaurara tsaftace tsarin zafin jiki na ruwa. Yanayin ruwan bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da digiri 27 C da pH 6.5 ba. Hakanan, yin aiki mai ƙarfi shine kawai dole, tunda a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi Krasnoplavnichny mil mil ke gudana a cikin ruwa mai gudu. Bayan kwanaki 2-3, larvae fara nuna aiki. Bayan kimanin kwanaki 7-9, larvae ya juya zuwa soya, wanda zai iya rigaya iyo iyo ciyar da kansu. Soya suna da m, saboda haka sau da yawa kuna buƙatar rarrabe su da girman. Ana ciyar da soya tare da rotifers ko brine jatan lande. Mutane sun isa balaga cikin shekaru 2-3.

Wannan nau'in kifi yana da damuwa game da zuriya, maza suna da alhakin wannan. Sun tono karamin rami galibi suna zagaye. Hakanan, bayan tsallakewa, maza maza suna kiyaye "mazaunin". Bayan tsallakewa, ana buƙatar fitar da mace.

Bayyanar Red Paku.

An rufe jikin mutum mai tsayi, mai lebur tare da sikeli na azurfa, babban babba yana da muƙamuƙin iko. Bodyananan jikin da ƙusoshin suna fentin launin launin shuɗi mai zafi. Kyakkyawan ratsin baƙar fata yana gudana a gefen gefen caudal fin. Mata sun fi maza girma.

Don jin daɗin rayuwa, piranha na herbivorous yana buƙatar filin dabbobi mai fili mai yawa tare da girman akalla lita 200. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, yana girma da sauri sosai. Zazzabi ruwa ya zama 26-28 ° C tare da kyakkyawan tacewa da aeration. Halayen ruwa: dH = 0-20, pH = 6.0-7.0. Ya kamata a aiwatar da canjin ruwa sau da yawa, har zuwa 25-30% na mako ɗaya na jimlar. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire na filastik kawai don ado, tunda kifi suna cin kowane tsire-tsire a cikin akwatin kifaye. Na tsire-tsire masu rai, kawai ƙanshin Javanese, wanda ba shi da dandano ga yawancin kifayen, zai iya rayuwa. Red Paku tana buƙatar wurin yin iyo sosai, kamar yadda yakamata a samarda mafaka a cikin wasu duwatsu ko kuma snags. Ana iya kiyaye shi tare da matsakaici ko manyan sikelin mai kamanni.

Kiwo Red Paku.

Balaguro yana faruwa a shekaru 2 zuwa 3. A cikin akwatin kifaye, da ƙarancin girma ya kai 50 cm.Lokacin kiwo, abinci mai rai kawai ake buƙata. A lokacin yin yawo, jan jan zai iya zama da m. Kamar yadda filayen ke juyawa, ana amfani da babban akwatin kifayen tare da ƙaramin aƙalla 150-300 l, wanda aka shuka nau'i-nau'i uku na piranhas (akwai ƙarin maza). Lokacin da aka gamsu, kifin ya canza launin zuwa launin shudi-baki. Yawan haihuwa yakai ƙwai 2000 a kowace ma'aurata. Zazzabi na ruwa yana buƙatar digiri 27. Soya fara fara iyo da ciyar da kansu a cikin mako guda. Soya suna da m, kuna buƙatar rarrabe su akai-akai ta girman. Yawancin lokaci ciyar da artemia da rotifers.

Bayyanarwar:

Siffar jiki tana kwance a gefe, zagaye. Kyakkyawan launi mai launi tare da tintin azurfa. Wannan nau'in kifin kifin ruwan yana kama da idanu na azurfa tare da madaidaiciyar bugun baki .. Dorsal fin yana da tsayi kuma madaidaiciya, fin caudal yana daɗaɗa kaɗan. Fin fin ɗin mai ya isa sosai, amma fin fin yana da tushe mai tsayi. Fwannin suna amintattu. Launi na baya na iya zama launin toka-shuɗi, launin ruwan kasa ko launin kore. Launin tarnaƙi ya canza ya danganta da hasken wutar lantarki kuma yana iya jefa launin shuɗi, koren launi ko rawaya. Hakanan a bangarorin jikin mutum na iya zama aibanan duhu da bakin ratsi na bakin ciki, kasancewar hakan ya dogara da asalin irin kifin. Abun ciki fari ne. A cikin mata, gefen fin fin kai tsaye, tip ɗin yana da kullun launuka masu launin shuɗi. Namiji ya bambanta da mace a ƙaramin babba da sikarin murfin fitsari, kuma a lokacin tsinkewa duk jikin namiji ya zama ja. A cikin yanayin halitta, madubi-kifi yana girma har zuwa 15 cm, amma a cikin akwatin kifaye girmansa zai zama karami.

Yanayi a cikin akwatin kifaye na Metinnis:

Metinnis vulgaris abokantaka ne da ɗan kifi mai kunya. Saboda gaskiyar cewa tana birkicewa, ana bada shawara don adana shi a cikin akwatin katange daban don mutane 7-9. Kuna iya shirya shi a cikin babban akwatin kifaye, amma tare da kifi na kusan girman ta. Don kifin madubi, ya fi dacewa a zaɓi rufaffiyar akwatin kifin tare da ƙara yawan lita 200 (watakila ƙari) da ƙasa mai duhu. Zai fi kyau a cika akwatin kifaye tare da tsire-tsire masu rarrafe, tun da kifin da aka yi laushi-yake cin shi. Don kayan ado, duwatsu da daskararren itace sun dace, alhali basu da ƙwayoyin kalsam da magnesium a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin su. Ingarfin walƙiya daga 0.5 zuwa 0.7 W / l, taurin ruwa har zuwa 15 °, zazzabi daga 23 zuwa 28 ° C, da pH 6.5-7.0. Abincin kifi - kusan 80% shine abincin shuka, alal misali: alayyafo ko ganyen letas, dandelions, nettle ko Brussels sprouts, kuma ragowar 20% ana iya ware su don abinci mai rai.

Kiwo Metinnis vulgaris:

Lokacin balaga yana faruwa yana da kusan shekara guda. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana amfani da spawning don kiwon kifi (tauri har zuwa 4 °, pH 6.4-7.0, zazzabi 26-30 ° С). Don kiwo yawanci zaɓi matasa mutane. Bayan kiyaye wasu 'yan kwanaki daban kamar kifayen kifi, a basu wadataccen ciyarwa. To, an sanya su a cikin akwatin kifaye na 200 lita. tare da kananan tsire-tsire-yisti da aka shuka a ciki. Matar yawanci tana juyawa ne daga kwayoyi 300 zuwa 1000 wadanda ba su da tsayayye. Bayan tsallake kifayen, an tsamo kifayen daga filayen hutawa. Lokacin shiryawa yana da kwanaki 4, kuma a kwanaki 4-7, larvae ya riga ya fara iyo da abinci. Abincin farko a gare su shine artemia nauplii, karamin plankton, abinci mai wucin gadi ko letas mai tsabta.

Lesina Oksana Alexandrovna.

Red Piranha kiwo:

Kafin tsallakewa, namiji ya zama kyakkyawa : duhun duhu, gwal mai haske a waje. Don motsa jiki, 25% na yawan ruwa dole ne a maye gurbin yau da kullun da zazzabi da ma'aurata biyu suka ɗaga. Ya kamata a samar da akwatin kifayen tare da famfo mai tacewa, ƙirƙirar kwarara (a cikin yanayin ruwan da ake buƙata ana buƙata don lalata). Namiji ya yi rami a cikin ƙasa don caviar, kuma mace ta tsaya tsaye a kan ramin (tana iya share kimanin 3000 qwai), bayan ya fashe, ana dasa ta.Spawning na iya faruwa a cikin spawning ko a cikin akwatin kifaye inda kifayen suke ajiye, amma namiji yayi taka tsantsan wajen kare masarar, sabili da haka, don gujewa zubar da jini, shine mafi kyawun dasa maƙwabta. Kwanaki 2-3 bayan tsallakewa, ƙirar larvae, a rana ta 6 za su juye su yi iyo, kuma bayan wasu kwanaki 4 za su iya cin crustacean crustaceans ko lardin Artemia. A cikin wata daya, soya ya kai santimita 2 kuma ya samo launi mai tsini na azurfa. A wata 2, ƙusoshin sun yi ja, suna zama kamar ƙaramin juzuciya. Farawa daga makonni 3 na haihuwa, soya don buƙatar rarrabe, tunda suna da ƙarfi kuma cannibalism yana da haɓaka (manyan za su ci ƙananan), za su iya cizon juna sosai (dole ne a canja kifin zuwa wani akwatin kifaye, kuma ƙoshin ƙyallen da nama za a maimaita su a cikin makonni biyu). Yayin da suka girma, yara suna ciyar da Daphnia, tubule da jini, a hankali suna shigar da nama da kifi a cikin abincin. Daga watanni 3 dauki abincin manya. Matashi ja piranhas ya girma bayan shekara daya da rabi.

Dwarf piranha.

Dwarf piranha (serrasalmus hollandi) yana nufin amsar Amurkawa (halittar gwanayen Serrasalmus) , kifi ne mai makaranta, ya girma har kusan cm 15. Yana da jiki mai tsawon rai wanda aka rufe da ƙananan sikeli mai haske, kunkuntar kai tare da hurawa a baya, da kuma babban baki mai hakora masu haƙora (suna kama da alwatika 4-5 mm babba kuma suna kasancewa har hakora babban muƙamuƙi daidai ya shiga cikin tsintsiyar tsakanin hakoran ƙananan mu). Hollandi mai launi shine azurfa, tare da ɗigon duhu akan jikin, farar fin yana cike da ja, tare da iyaka baki a ƙarshen fin fin ɗin. Duk da ƙananan girmanta, hollandi yana da haɗari, har yanzu magabci ne.

Serrasalmus hollandi garken ruwa ne na kowa na kifin kifaye (ana iya kiyaye su kusan kifi na 10-12, saboda ba tare da dangi sun sami baƙin ciki ba) Aquarium kimanin lita 400 tare da isasshen sarari don yin iyo, manyan bushes, mafaka da aka yi da snags da duwatsu. Ya kamata a tace ruwa, a fitar dashi, kuma a sauya kullun zuwa kashi 10% na ruwa tare da sabo. Ya fi son ruwa mai laushi, ɗan ƙaramin acidic ko tsaka tsaki, zazzabi shine 24-26 ° С (zazzabi da bambance-bambance sunadarai ba sa so). Suna yin salama tare da wasu kifayen da suke lalata (gyada da ƙaya), amma duk da haka bai kamata ka ci gaba da yunwar piranhas ba. Piranhas kifi mai jin kunya ne, saboda haka kuna buƙatar nisantar da akwatin kifayen daga tushen amo (kawai danna kan gilashin, motsi mai ƙarfi kusa da akwatin kifaye don piranhas ya suma).

Dwarf piranha kiwo:

Nasarar haihuwa ta dogara ne da abinci mai inganci kafin ya bushe (yanka na naman sa, leda, squids, kifin teku). A cikin yanayin farin ciki, kifin ya sami launi mai launin shuɗi-baki. Ana iya tayar da hankali ta hanyar ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa ruwa zuwa 28-30 ° C. Don kiwo, ya fi kyau shuka gungun kifaye (ƙarin maza) a cikin ƙasa mai cinyewa (kimanin lita 300). Spawning na iya faruwa a cikin wannan akwatin kifaye wanda ya ƙunshi kifi, amma ya fi kyau a shuka sauran kifaye kafin a tsinkaye su. Ana buƙatar famfo mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ke tsarkake ruwa da haifar da kwarara, da canje-canje har zuwa rubu'in girma a kowace rana. 5 cm lokacin farin ciki yana zuba ƙasa a cikin akwatin kifaye, wanda namiji zai tono rami don caviar (ƙwai dubu da yawa). Abincin da aka fara don soya: artemia, daga baya daphnia, tubule da zubar jini. Daga watanni 3 zaka iya canzawa zuwa abincin da ya girma. Sau da yawa yana da mahimmanci don rarrabe ƙananan ƙananan ta girman, in ba haka ba manyan sun iya cin ƙananan.

Silender piranha.

Piranha - kifi na dangin haracin, mallakar wateraƙƙarfan ruwa ne kuma yana zaune a cikin koguna na Kudancin Amurka.

Akwai nau'ikan piranhas a cikin duniya, bambanta a alamu na waje, yawancinsu suna da kusan 30 cm a tsayi kuma halayen rarrabe tsakanin maza ne. Kodayake anggers sun san lokuta lokacin da piranha ya kai 80 cm a tsayi kuma kusan kilogram a nauyi.Kuma idan labarun farko game da wannan mugunta, cinye kifayen da ke zaune a cikin Amazon, suna tsoratar da yara da dare, yanzu piranhas sune kifin akwatin kifaye.

Musamman, zaku iya haifar da irin wannan nau'in kamar Slim piranha. Wadannan kifayen suna da girman 25-30 cm, jiki mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗimbin launuka mai launin shuɗi a gindin wutsiya da ƙananan alamomi tare da tsawon duka. A duniyar dabba, sabanin duniyar ɗan Adam, maza suna da launi mai haske fiye da mace. Kuma Serrasalmus elongatus a matsayin nau'in halitta ba togiya. Piranhas ya girma lokacin da yake shekara uku. Kuma tare da abincin nama, ciki yana girma da sauri. Kodayake zaka iya ciyar da tsutsotsi da magudanar jini, ko ragowar kifayen da suka mutu. Anan yana da buqatar yin tunani akan gaskiyar cewa piranhas yayi ƙarancin kulawa ga ƙananan kifaye masu rai idan ba su wahala da yunwar ba.

Siffofin ajiye Slim piranhas a cikin akwatin kifaye:

Koyaya, bisa ga dabi'arta, wannan nau'in ya kasance tsinkaye, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yanayi na musamman suka wajaba don kiyaye mutane na waɗannan kifayen. Piranha a cikin akwatin kifaye na son manyan sarari, musamman idan akwai fiye da ɗaya. Don biyu Serrasalmus elongatus, aquarium na akalla lita 150 ya rigaya ya zama dole, tunda a cikin ramin yanki waɗannan kifayen za su iya ciji juna, ko kuma su zama masu tayar da hankali ga manyan kifayen. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kowane piranhas, har da na siriri, ana iya kasancewa da shi a cikin babban akwatin kifin cike da tsirrai da ruwa mai kyau.

Nan bada jimawa ba zaka sami ma'amala tare da kifin abincinka kai tsaye. Kuma a nan ne shawarar ƙwararrun ƙwararru. Tunda piranha babban kifi ne mai saurin rikicewa, kuna buƙatar kama shi da raga tare da raga na ƙarfe. Offhand, ya fara tasawa, godiya ga haɓaka da hakoran hakoran za su iya cinyewa ba kawai tsokoki da jijiyoyi ba, har ma kasusuwa da sandunansu. Don haka idan kuna buƙatar motsa kifin, kuna buƙatar yin hankali.

Ko da yake masana sun ce a cikin akwatin kifaye piranhas rasa su tashin hankali, kuma cewa za ka iya aiki tare da shi tare da danda hannayensu. M a cikin yanayin muhalli suna jin tsoro a cikin wucin gadi. Kifi ba ya son ƙwarin gwiwa na waje: inuwa, amo. Kuma ko da wani busa mai sauƙi tare da yatsa a kan gilashin na iya tsokani kifayewar kifi ko firgita jefa tebur a cikin akwatin kifaye.

Kyauta piranhas a cikin akwatin kifaye:

Idan kuna shirin kiwo kifi, kuna buƙatar tuna da pointsan mahimman bayanai. Abubuwan da aka fi dacewa suna gudana cikin ruwan acidic da ruwa mai taushi, a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayi, yawan tsutsa yana ƙaruwa sosai. Kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa maza, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da babban digiri na hadi, babban aikin don samun soya shine ainihin zaɓi na lokacin ciyar a kan tsutsa. Babban abu anan shine samar dashi isasshen abinci (misali, rotifers, kuma, akan lokaci, nauplii artemia). Matsakaicin girma na soya yana da girma sosai, yawanci tare da wadataccen abinci, a watan ya kai tsawon 2-2.5 cm. Sabili da haka suna buƙatar manyan sarari. Misali, ga dan tsaran daya mai guda biyu na piranhas, ana bukatar wadatar ruwa a kan kimanin 3500 lita. Sauran bukatun iri daya ne na na jinsin. Abin mamaki ne cewa yawan masu neman ruwa da tsaki a cikin kiwo piranhas yayi yawa. Kuma wannan duk da hadaddun tabbatar da tsarin haifuwa da kuma yanayin bunkasar zuriya. A cikin tsohuwar zamanin, Rasha ta sami babbar nasara a kasuwar fitarwa ta piranha. Amma yanzu yawan rikice-rikicen ayyukan masu neman ruwa daga ruwa ya ragu, kuma kasar ta rasa kasa a wannan fannin.

Karleev Sergey Andreevich.

Tutar (ko peninal) piranha.

Turanci (ko pennant) piranha Catoprion mento Latin synonym don Serrasalmus mento, Mylesinus macropterus. Wannan kifin ruwa mai laushi ne, ya kasance ga mahallan rayukan abincin kare, umarnin haracinidae, dangin haracin, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, daga cikin al'adun Catoprion. Hakan ya faru cewa wannan shine kawai wakilin nau'in.Jiki mai santsi na wannan piranha tare da sikeli mai launin shuɗi-yana da tsawon cm 10. Yawan shekarun kifin yana iyakance zuwa shekaru 10-12. Piranha yana zaune a Columbia, Guiana, Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, a cikin kwandunan Amazon, Rio Negra, Orinoco, Eisekibo.

Bayyanar tutar piranha

Siffar halayyar tutar turanyar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarafa ce, kamar Turanci bulldog. Wani abin ado na wannan kifin shine kyakkyawan jan tabo a jikin gwal. Gabaɗaya, ana iya kiran wannan piranha amintaccen layin coquette: madaidaicin yanki mai baƙar fata a tushen wutsiya, ƙarancin haske mai kyawun fasalin, mai daɗaɗawa sosai, tare da sauyawa zuwa cikin pigtails na matsanancin haskoki. Banbancin jima'i ba abin lura bane, sau da yawa ana bayyana shi da siffar ƙashin ciki. Balaga yana faruwa a lokacin da yake shekaru 1.5-2.

Yanayi da fasali na kifi a cikin akwatin kifaye.

Flag piranha yana da ban sha'awa sosai a cikin akwatin kifaye. Halin da ake ciki don tabbatarwa kamar haka: ana buƙatar katako mai sarari, ana son zafin jiki shine digiri 23-28, tsaurin ruwa ya kai 15 °, acidity shine pH 5-7.2. M zuwa hawa da sauka a cikin sunadarai abun da ke ciki na ruwa. Canjin ruwa da aka ba da shawarar - ba sau da yawa sau da yawa, a cikin kananan rabo. Haske yana da matsakaici, ƙasa - pebbles, yashi, ciyawa tare da tsarin tushen ci gaba.

Yanayin "kyakkyawa" ba a tsara shi ba. A cikin akwatin kifaye, piranha tutar zai nuna nan da nan wanene shugaba a cikin gidan. Za a ci ƙananan mazaunan amintaccen abinci don karin kumallo, yayin da manyan za su rasa ƙashin ƙyallen, wutsiya da ɓangarorin ma'aunin. Tutar tsibiri mai narkewa ba tare da wani jinkiri ba tana jin ƙyallen ko da a cikin kifi sau da yawa ya fi girma. Alas, wannan nau'in piranha bai dace da zaman rayuwar jama'a ba. Yaki zai yiwu tsakanin mace da tsakanin maza. Individualarayi ne kaɗai zai iya rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye na kowa.

Abincin Piranha

A yanayi piranha galibi ku ci kifayen da suke nema, ko kuma kai musu hari. Baya ga kifi, abincinsu ya hada da kwari, crustaceans, tsuntsayen da aka kama cikin ruwa, haka kuma dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi. A takaice dai, ganima piranhas duk wata halitta mai rai zata iya zama wacce ta jawo hankulan su ta hanya daya ko kuma ta jawo hankalin masu shirin cin abincin da basu da lokacin barin ruwan. Kowane ɗayan garken piranha a wasu lokatai na shekara, tattara hankali a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin da tsuntsaye suke zaune. Yin haquri na jiran lokacin da kajin zai fadi daga gida.

Ciyar da abinci piranhas a cikin akwatin kifaye ba ya haifar da wata matsaloli. Abincinsu na yau da kullun na iya ƙunsar fillet na kusan kowane kifi mai ƙoshin mai, yanka na squid, jatan lande, zuciya naman sa, da sauransu). Ba za su ƙi rayuwa kifin ruwan kifaye ba. Godiya ga babban makogwaro da m motsi muƙamuƙi, da girma piranha ba tare da ƙoƙari mai yawa na iya hadiye kifin santimita goma ba.

An ciyar da kifi matasa kowace rana, kifi na manya - kowace rana ko kullun, amma don hana kiba, suna shirya kwana ɗaya ko biyu na azumi a mako.

Lokacin bayar da manyan kayan abinci, ya kamata a dakatar da su akan waya. Lokacin da ragewan wannan yanki zuwa cikin akwatin kifaye, a farkon lokacin duk garken ya kutsa cikin sako-sako. Bayan ɗan lokaci, a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙaramin mutum ya yanke shawarar yin iyo zuwa abincin kuma ya ciji ɗan ƙaramin sa. Bayan duk sauran membobin kunshin sun hakikance cewa babu wani mummunan abin da ya faru da danginsu, sai su yi sauri tare don ganima kuma a cikin wani al'amari na seconds babu abin da ya rage.

Sau da yawa a cikin littattafan ambaci piranhas , an faɗi game da ikonsu na cizo ta hanyar waya mai ƙarfe. A zahiri, a cikin tsarin abinci mai gina jiki, piranha nuna hali sosai. Jin kowane abu mai karfi a karkashin hakora na piranha tana ƙoƙarin ciza ɗan ƙaramin abu, idan har hakan ta gaza, ta bar gaba ɗaya ta bar yunƙurin ciji wani abu.
A wanda aka azabtar piranha sun yanke tare da haƙoransu mai kaifi-kaifi, dukkan sassa masu taushi, kwarangwal, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya tabbata. Kodayake cikin farin ciki, har ma babban kifin da aka jefa don ciyarwa, ana iya cinye shi cikin sauƙi.

Piranhas kamar sauran tsintsayen, suna cin abinci da sauri da bakin ciki, suna ƙoƙarin cika ciki don nan gaba in ya yiwu. Piecesaramar faɗan abinci da ke faɗuwa a ƙasa galibi ana yi watsi da su. Don haka, an ba da shawarar bayar da abincin kifin a cikin guda biyu waɗanda zasu iya haɗiye gaba ɗaya ba tare da karyewa ba.

Don kula da launin ja a launi na piranhas, yana da kyau a saka shrimp ko naman ruwan kifi mai ruwan hoda a cikin abincinsu.

Piranhas - Dimorphism na Jima'i

Abun nuna bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji: mace yawanci sunfi maza yawa, amma don yin hukunci da wannan, kifin dole ne yayi daidai da zamani kuma ya girma a yanayi guda, wanda ba a tsammani a aikace.
Alamar da ta fi aminci shine keel na ciki, a cikin namiji idan aka duba shi daga gaba, yana da siffar harafin V, kuma a cikin mace - siffar harafin U.

Piranha na Amazonian - labari ne a cikin akwatin gidan ruwa na gida

Piranha na kowa yana da bambance bambancen suna - jan-bellied, ja ko Nutterera. Idan kun sanya ɗayan waɗannan suna zuwa piranha na gida, ba za kuyi kuskure ba. Wadanda suka fara hasashen sun bayyana a cikin jerin ruwayoyin masoya masu dumbin yawa sama da shekaru 65 da suka gabata. An shigo dasu cikin kasarmu a tsakiyar karni na karshe daga ruwan Amazon da Orinoco.

Yana da kyau a lura cewa mafi kyawun bayyanar piranha na akwatin kifaye ya zama a lokacin cikakken balaga. A cikin hoto, furanni da yawa sun bayyana a fili daga ƙarfe zuwa ƙwanƙarin azurfarta da jan ciki, makogwaro da fin fin. Kifin da aka lanƙwasa ya kai kusan santimita 30 a cikin daji da kuma 25 a cikin akwatin kifaye. A cikin yanayin halitta suna zaune a cikin garken. Mafi ƙarancin mutanen da ke cikin ƙungiya ɗaya shine wutsiyoyi 20. Sun haɗu don sauƙaƙe binciken abinci. Piranhas azzalumai ne masu kisa, don haka suka zaɓi wanda aka azabtar suka kuma kai hari da aya. Ana daukar wannan nau'in mafi tsananin tsoron mazaunan ruwa na duniya.

Duk da cewa piranhas basuda wahalar kulawa da ɗaukar hoto, ya fi dacewa a kiyaye su don ƙwararren masanyar cikin ruwa. Kada ku yi watsi da tsabtatacciyar yatsu da kaifin mutuwa. Masu shayarwa marasa ilimi na iya zuwa mata da haƙora saboda jahilci da rashin kulawa. A kowane hali ya kamata ku sanya akwatin kifaye tare da masu farautar ƙasa idan kuna da ƙananan yara.

Piranhas bai dace da aquariums tare da nau'in kifaye da yawa ba. Sun fi son haɗin gwiwar "nasu", amma ba a cire lokuta masu laushi a ciki ba. Idan ka lura da dabi'un a hankali, zaku iya samun jagora. Ya kasance koyaushe shine farkon wanda zai ci, ya ɗauki mafi kyawun wurare, yana nuna wane ne mai shi a cikin akwatin kifin gidan, kuma, mafi yawan lokuta, mafi girma a girma. Ba abin mamaki ba ne ga masu faruwa su faru yayin bayyanai. Rashin adalci da cin naman mutane ba a yanke hukunci a kansu. Onlyayan zaɓi kawai wanda za ku iya ƙoƙarin yaɗa piranha shine karamin pacaha, idan dai ba ƙarshen ya isa balaga ba kuma ana ɗaukar saurayi.

Piaya daga cikin piranha zai zauna a cikin akwatin kifaye, amma yana da kyau a fara mutane da yawa lokaci guda. Don manyan kifi, kuna buƙatar zaɓar madaidaiciyar ƙaura daga cikin akwatin kifaye. Individualaya daga cikin asusun mutum ɗaya na kusan lita 150 na ruwa, ya kamata a yi la'akari da sashi ɗaya idan kun yanke shawarar ƙulla kifaye da yawa a cikin tafki. Piranhas suna da matukar ƙarfi, kuma, a sakamakon haka, suna haifar da ɓata da yawa, don haka a hankali ka zaɓi zaɓin tacewa da ikonta. Masu kisan da ke aiki sun kasance suna rayuwa a cikin aquariums aƙalla shekaru 10, wannan yakamata a yi la’akari da shirya akwatin kifaye.

Bukatun ruwa:

• Lita 150 a kowane ɗayan
• Da yawa daga mafaka,
• M ruwa mai tsarkakakken kaya,
• Mai iko mai ƙarfi tare da ɓangaren matatun mai aiki.

Yi hankali da lura da halayen dabbobi da kuma yin gwaje-gwaje akai-akai don tantance abubuwan da ke cikin ammoniya na ruwa.

Bayyanar fasalin fasalin Piranhas

A waje, piranhas bai yi kama da wanda aka iya cin nasara ba - a bayyane shi kifi ne na zaman lafiya na gidan kifin. Amma kasancewar triangular da hakora mai kaifi ya sa ya zama da haɗari ga abokan zama a cikin akwatin kifaye.

Ba a kula da launi da yara iri ɗaya ba, m wannan madaidaicin kewayon launuka ne daga launin toka zuwa launin toka mai haske.Abubuwan da aka cire na azurfa suna tsaye a kan asalin asalin. A baya yawanci yayi duhu fiye da babban jikin kifin, kuma wutsiyar baƙar fata ce ta ɗauka. Girma, piranhas an fentin su duka a cikin launi na azurfa.

Jiki a matse yake a hankali, yana da diski-mai fasali. Har zuwa lokacin balaga, kusan abu ne mai wuya a rarrabe tsakanin mace da namiji.

Za a iya kiran piranha tare da babban shimfiɗa a cikin saukin kiyaye kifi. Suna buƙatar sararin samaniya mai ban sha'awa - matsakaici na akalla lita 50 na ruwa a kowace kifi. Hakanan, a cikin akwatin kifaye zaka iya ɗaukar nau'ikan piranha ɗaya ne kawai, in ba haka ba, lokacin da aka raba daidaikun mutane na wani jinsi a wurin, rikice-rikice tsakanin su babu makawa.

Piranhas bai yarda da kazamar ruwa ba a sigogin ruwa. Zai fi dacewa, ruwan ya zama mai tsabta, mai ɗan acidic, mai taushi, mai cike da iskar oxygen. Zazzabi na ruwan ya kasance tsakanin 24-26 ° C. Babban abincin da ake amfani da shi na piranhas shine magunan duniya, nama, squid, har da takubba, gwanaye da sauran kifayen masu araha. A matsayin ciyarwar ajiya, zaku iya la'akari da zuciya, kaji da naman sa.

Yin asali na piranhas

Wani muhimmin yanayin don kiwon kifin shine yawan ruwan kifin - kifaye biyu na kowace lita 300 na ruwa. Ana samun ƙarfin motsawa ta hanyar yawan zafin jiki na ruwa, a kullun yana maye gurbin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na yawan ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye da haɓakar ciyar da kifaye masu rai.

Bayan yanke shawarar zama mai samar da piranha, tabbatar cewa bin duk matakan tsaro da kiyaye iyakancewar yara zuwa ga akwatin kifaye.

Piranha a cikin akwatin kifaye

M kifi piranha kifi sau da yawa ya zama ado na aquariums gida. A ƙarƙashin wasu ƙa'idodi na tsarewa, wasu nau'ikan piranhas na iya rayuwa cikin irin waɗannan yanayin. Mafi na kowa daga cikinsu sune piranha na yau da kullun, jan fakitin, lunar metinnis da metinnis na yau da kullun.

Gyara akwatin kifaye don piranhas da kula da su yana da nasa abubuwan da ke ciki. Da farko dai, madaidaicin tsarin zazzabi yana da mahimmanci - a cikin kewayon daga +25 zuwa + 28 ° С. Don kula da shi, ma'aunin zafi da ma'aunin ruwa ya zama a cikin akwatin kifaye. Rage zafin jiki na tsawan lokaci na iya haifar da cututtukan kifi, raguwar rigakafi, lalata zuciya, da sauransu.

Amma ga girman akwatin kifaye, ga kowane 2.5 cm na jikin kifin kana buƙatar lita 8 na ruwa. Saboda haka, mafi karancin ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye bar 100 lita. Rashin sararin samaniya yana shafar halayen mazaunan - piranhas na iya gurgunta juna. Kuma tunda piranhas yana son ɓoyewa, ciyayi, busasshen itace, gidaje, kogon dutse da sauran mafaka ya kamata ya kasance a cikin akwatin kifaye.

Akwatin kifaye piranha

Wataƙila ɗan Shark ɗaya ne zai iya yin gasa tare da su a adadin almara da labarai waɗanda aka ambata waɗannan kifayen. Saboda haka, yawancin masanan ruwa, lokacin da damar ta taso, nan da nan suka sami ra'ayin kiyaye irin wannan fitattun kuma shahararrun halittu a gida. Yaya gaskiyar waɗannan labarun masu ban tsoro game da mummunan halinsu, kuma yana da matukar wahala a riƙe kifayen kifin piranha?

Ta yaya za a ciyar da akwatin kifaye piranhas?

Ga waɗannan halittun da ke da ƙarfi, tadpoles, ƙananan kifi, frogs, fillet kifi mai ƙoshin wuta, da shrimps na iya zama kyakkyawan abinci. Zai fi kyau kada a bayar da naman piranha, sai su ce to lallai launin su zai bushe. Wasu lokuta don canji ana iya ba su yankakken kayan lambu kore (alayyafo, dankali mai tsami, zucchini). Ba duk piranhas na akwatin kifaye masu jini bane, akwai kuma nau'in herbivorous - pacu. Yana kama da sauran, amma waɗannan halittun ba su da mummunan haƙoran haƙora kuma basa haɗari. Su masu iko ne ainun kuma ba masu yawan abinci ba ne. Aquarium piranhas suna da kyau a cikin gilashin gidansu, ba su da wahalar kiyayewa. Yin ayyukan yau da kullun masu sauƙi, zaku iya jin daɗi a cikin kujera mai laushi yayin wasa da su, kuna tunanin kanku akan Amazon.

Kifayen kuɗi a cikin akwatin gidan ruwa

Shin kun san cewa masu cin ganyayyaki piranha suna rayuwa ne a duniyarmu? Ya juya cewa mafi yawan kifin na jini na iya zama lafiya ga ɗan adam har ma ya kawo masu sa'a!

Metinis na kowa (azurfa, Schreimüller, dala-kifi, lat. Metynnis argentus) kifi ne na dabbobi na Kharatsin. Yana zaune a cikin ruwa na Amazon. Ba kamar piranha (mafi kusancin dangi ba), halitta ce mai lumana da ɗan kunya. Ya fi son wadataccen lokacin farin ciki, cin algae, kodayake ba ya ƙin abincin furotin. Suna da ƙananan hakora.

Kifin Metinis suna ta birgima daga mazaunan Wuraren, amma sun daidaita da yanayin yanayin akwatin. A cikin daji, tsayin su ya kai 15 santimita, a cikin kuɗaɗe suna ɗan ƙasa kaɗan. Kada ku tsokani maƙwabta a cikin akwatin kifaye kuma ba ku tsoron babban kifi. Saboda daidai zagaye jikin, saboda tuna wani tsabar kudi, sun karɓi suna "kifi mai - kifi", "madubi-kifi". Babu shakka fassara ce, don haka zasu gamsar da gidaje, ma'aikatan ofis, baƙi zuwa benayen kasuwanci.

Bayyanarce da abun ciki

Jikin kifin rhomboid ne, an guga shi a gefe. Doarshen dorsal yana da sifar jinni, an gama bayyana farin cikin caudal. Metinis suna da madaidaitan hanzari, a cikin maza a fin fin tare da baƙar fata, shimfidar fin shine mayafi. A cikin mata, fin fin kai tsaye kuma ja. Sikeli veryan kadan ne, suna daɗaɗa da junan su, suna juyawa da hasken launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A lokacin ishara, jikin namiji ya sami launi mai launin shuɗi. Idon kifayen kuma masu launin ja, tare da ɗalibin baƙi.

Zai fi kyau saya metinis da yawa sau ɗaya, saboda suna makaranta kifi wanda ba ya son kasancewa shi kaɗai. Suna da ƙwazo sosai, kuma suna iya rayuwa cikin bauta fiye da shekaru goma.

Abun jin daɗi - 2-8 kifi a cikin akwatin kifaye ɗaya. Koyaya, yi hankali da dabbobin da waɗannan kifayen za su iya ciyarwa (metinis na iya kori ƙananan kifaye da crustaceans). Karku sanya su da guppies, neons, frogs, crayfish da shrimp.

Shin metinis yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa? Sauki idan kun kasance masaniyar binciken ruwa. Idan mai farawa - fara da kifi 2-4. Ga mutum ɗaya, ana buƙatar lita 80 zuwa 100 na ruwa na akwatin kifin. Tun da waɗannan kifayen suna da aiki sosai, yana da kyau a rufe rufe akwatin kifaye (musamman da dare) saboda kar su yi tsalle tsinkaye.

Tsarin iska da aeration na akwatin kifaye ya kamata ya zama babban iko, yana da kyawawa don ƙirƙirar karamin kwarara ta amfani da matsi na matatar. 20% (kashi 1/5) na ruwa ya kamata a canza mako-mako. Metinis yana jin daɗin girma a lokacin zafin jiki na 23-27 ° C, p-h 5-7. An kawata akwatin kifin don kifi tare da ƙasa mai duhu, duwatsun, snags, tsire-tsire na roba ko ganye tare da ganye mai kauri. Guji tsire-tsire masu wadataccen ƙwayoyin kalsami da magnesium. Yawancin tsire-tsire metinis suna ci, saboda haka kuna buƙatar yin hankali tare da su.

Duba - metinissa na azurfa suna da kyau a cikin babban akwatin kifaye.

Gabaɗaya halaye

Piranhas ya tara cikin garken, wanda ke ba da damar neman abinci, kuma ya kawo babbar barazana ga rayayyun halittun da aka same su. Bayan harin, tsage wanda aka azabtar a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan. Wasu nau'in piranhas ba masu farauta bane. Aƙalla kashi 60% na kifayen sune abincin da aka shuka a shuka.

Bayyanan magabatan wuraren yin rijista ba koyaushe ya cancanci. Fishe hari kawai lokacin da suke tunanin cewa suna cikin haɗari, na iya fadawa cikin tarko ko tare da jin yunwar. A lokaci guda, wasu ƙasashe (alal misali, Isra'ila) sun hana mallaka, kasuwanci, adanawa, mafaka waɗannan kifayen. Irin waɗannan ayyukan ana ɗaukarsu ba doka ba ne.

Piranha akwatin kifaye

Kifi yana buƙatar rayuwa a cikin manyan wuraren kifaye.

1. Zaɓi ƙara yawan akwatin kifaye a cikin nauyin 8 na ruwa a kowace 2.5 cm na tsawon jikin kifin. Saboda haka, gidan ya zama akalla lita 150.
2. Shuka tushe tare da algae girma girma. Don haka, piranha zai kasance lafiya.
3. Shuka 50-70% na sararin samaniya tare da tsirrai da shinge masu shinge wanda cyprinids suke da ban sha'awa don ɓoyewa.
4. Ba da akwatin kifaye tare da matattara masu inganci na ƙarfin ƙirar da ta dace. Kuna iya shigar da matattara na 3-4 na ƙananan girman (zasu kiyaye tsabta a cikin tafkin).
5. Bayar da farin farin mai yawa.

Bukatun ruwa:

Babban tsarkakakken yanayin tsabtace, tsarkakakken ruwa.

• Haɗin iska da tace ruwa dole ne su kasance akai,
• zazzabi - 26 digiri
• canza ruwa (10-15%) kowace rana,
• – 6,5.

Ruwa bai kamata ya zama mai zafi ko sanyi na dogon lokaci ba. Don sarrafa zazzabi, ya kamata ka sa mai ma'aunin zafi da injin lantarki.

Tabbatar saka idanu kan halayen kifin, koyaushe don ammoniya.

Kulawar Baby

Eggwai da ƙoshin lemo mai cike da farin ciki zai kyankyashe tsawon kwanaki 3. Bayan kwana 2, tsutsa ya zama soya. Bayan wannan kawai kuna buƙatar fara kama ɗan tare da keji. Rike yakamata ya zama mai tsawo saboda namiji mai zafin rai. Zai kawo hari duk wanda ya kusanci gida.

Ana sa dabbobi da yara cikin yanayi iri ɗaya kamar manya. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da artemia, ƙara daphnia da flaworm na jini a cikin babban abincin. Ciyar da jariran sau biyu a rana. Bayan 'yan watanni, abincin abin soya ya zama iri ɗaya kamar a cikin manya.

A soya suna haɓaka cikin hanzari. Tare da ciyarwa mai daidaita, suna girma zuwa 2.5 cm a watan. Domin soya don yayi girma da kyau, ya zama dole a adana shi a cikin akwatin kifin mai fili. Misali, jariran masu yin amfani da nau'ikan sunadarai suna buƙatar lita miliyan 3-3.5.

Labarin piranha:

Piranha akwatin kifaye - nishadi da kifin mai daɗi. Kasancewa ga ka'idojin kulawa na farko da sauƙi, mazaunan cikin akwatin kifaye za su faranta wa mai shi kyau da halayensu.

Piranha: Iyalin kifi mai launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan sanyi mallakar aikin haracynoid ne, kuma suna zaune ne a wurare daban-daban na Kudancin Amurka. Waɗannan kifayen suna da alaƙar iko da haƙoran haƙora. Zuwa yau, dangin piranha suna da haɓaka guda 18 na zamani da nau'ikan 95. (Wikipedia)

Muna iya aminta da cewa piranha shine ɗayan shahararrun kifaye a duniya! Akwai tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da piranhas, amma ba duk mummunan labarin gaskiya bane. Haƙiƙar haɗarin waɗannan kifayen na iya kasancewa a lokacin bushewa, lokacin da tafkunan sun bushe sosai kuma sun fara rashin abinci. Piranhas da farko ya ci dukkan kifayen waɗanda ke da sauran jinsi a cikin wannan tafki, sannan farautar junanmu ya fara.

Haka kuma, suna da matukar tsoro kuma saboda haka suna tara cikin fakitoci don kare kansu daga masu farautar. Kuma a cikin yanayi, suna da isasshen makiya: waɗannan sune dabbobin ruwa ruwa, otters na Amazon, wakilai daban-daban na dangin caiman cat, herons, arapayma - tsohuwar kifaye ta wani nau'i mai ban mamaki.

Mashahuri hakora piranhas sun fi girma dangane da girman jikin mutum, suna da kamanni na conical, lokacin da aka rufe, layuka na sama suna ɗaurewa cikin sarari tsakanin ƙananan ƙananan, ta yadda babu wani sarari don rata, ƙari, tsokoki na maxillary na piranhas suna da ƙarfi sosai.

Janar bayanin kula

Siffofin halayyar su sun hada da nau'in sikarin jiki, dorsal dorsal mai ɗauke da haskoki 16 ko sama da haka, da adadin saƙo mai ƙyalƙyali waɗanda aka kafa ta sikelin ciki.

Ana samun su a cikin wurare masu yawa, daga karkatattun wuraren ambaliyar ruwa da dazuzzukan da ke cike da ambaliyar har zuwa saman ruwan, kuma ana samun su a cikin dukkan manyan hanyoyin kogin Kudancin Amurka na gabashin Andes. Wasu nau'in suna da kebantattun ayyuka na halittu, kamar rarraba iri ko kuma kula da kamun kifin ƙasa.

Wakilai suna nuna mahimman kayan abinci guda uku: masu cin abincin dabbobi (dabbobi), kayan dabbobi (cin 'ya'yan itace da tsaba) da kuturta (cin sikeli da ƙashin sauran kifaye). Tsarin tsinkaye galibi yana da layi guda na hakoran trihedral akan kowane muƙamuƙi, fertivores yawanci suna da layuka biyu na incisors ko hakoran molar (azzalumi da tauna) akan prejaw, yayin da a cikin lepidophages, hakora suna daɗaɗawa kuma suna kan gefen ƙarshen muƙamula.

An yi nazarin tarihin juyin halitta na Piranjevs (Serrasalmidae) ta marubuta daban-daban, gami da karatun baya-bayan nan (Thompson et al, 2014) wanda ke tallafawa kasancewar manyan jigo uku a cikin dangi. Kwayar halittar "Paku" ta ƙunshi nau'ikan launuka na Colossoma, Mylossoma da Piaractus, "Piranhas" sun haɗa da Metynnis, Pygopristis, Pygocentrus, Pristobrycon, Catoprion da Serrasalmus, da kuma halittar "Mileus" sun haɗa da nau'in Myleus schomburgkii.

Ranan ƙaramin mai cin nama daɗaɗɗen piranha na iya zama kyakkyawa da adon kayan ƙwallafa na asali. Koyaya, kafin ku sami irin wannan tashin hankali, amma a lokaci guda matsanancin kifi mai ƙyama, ya kamata ku ba shi yanayin rayuwa na al'ada. Kar ka manta yin la'akari da cewa piranhas piranhas sune kifayen da suke iya cin nasara waɗanda zasu iya ciji mai shi ko kuma suyi hulɗa da maƙwabcin su cikin sauri. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masana suka ba da shawarar cewa kwararru da kwararrun masanan ruwa ne kawai suka kiyaye wannan kifin.

Yi tsalle mai sauri akan labarin