Leopard na teku - yana nufin nau'in ɗimbin zaren zahiri da ke zaune a yankuna na yankin tekun Kudancin. Yana daya daga cikin tsarukan masu hatsari da masu hatsarin gaske.
An kira shi damisa don fatarsa da aka rufe da tabo, kuma saboda halayen hallata - yana da tsoro kuma yana da haɗari ga sauran dabbobin ruwa.
Akwai damisa a tekun gabaɗaya na kankara ta Antarctic, ana isar da saƙo tare da mai kisa kifi yana damuwa da yawan mazaunan salama.
Bayani da salon rayuwa
Antarctica ita ce ta shida ta fari ko hamada. Kusan duk kilomita kimani miliyan 14 suna cikin kankara domin ba zaku iya ɓoyewa ku samo abinci ba. A lokacin rani, ruwa ya cika da rayuwa anan. Girman dunkin plankton, mafi yawan krill - zufazid crustacean teku, sama da nau'ikan tsiran ruwan 250 - wanda wasu daga ciki girman girman ruwa ne, urchins na teku da taurari, dorinar ruwa, tsutsotsi, tsalle-tsalle masu nauyin digiri daya da rabi.
Irin wannan "menu" yana jan hankalin masu cin abinci daban-daban zuwa Antarctica - dabbobi masu teku, tsuntsaye da kifi. Mafi mashahuri baƙi sune baleen whales: jirgin ruwa, humpbacks, finials da shuɗi kifi. Gamsu da kama karimci - duk kifi, kifin kifi, ɓawon burodi. Amma akwai wata dabba a cikin dangin pinnipeds wanda ta faɗaɗa adadin abincin gargajiya na itsan uwanta. Shi ne damisa a cikin teku.
Wannan tambarin wanda aka tsara ya shirya farauta mai wahala ga penguins da sauran wakilai na farin jini. A lokaci guda, ba tare da ya bar gawarwuna da kifayen kifi ba, yana cin squids, kifi har ma da krill da walwala.
Wani damisa na cikin teku yana da jiki mai narkewa wanda ke ba shi damar haɓaka babban gudu cikin ruwa. Kan kansa ba naƙasasshe ne ba kuma yana kama da mai rarrafe, bakinsa yana da layuka biyu masu ƙarfi da hakora. Dabba bashi da kitse mai kitse.
Wani damisa na namiji yayi tsayi tsawon mita uku da kilogram 300 cikin nauyi - kuma nauyin daminar mata na iya kaiwa rabin tan. Kama ganima, damisa yana iya saurin gudu zuwa 40 kilomita / h. Sakamakon sifar jikin mutum, wannan hatimin yayi kama da torpedo, wanda ke taimakawa motsi cikin sauri. Fashin gaba ya kai mita kuma, yana aiki tare da juna, yana ɗaukar jikin gaba. Dogon wuyansa mai wuyan rikewa yana riƙe da kai mai kama da kama da maciji. Babban bakin yana da jaws mai girma da manyan hakora. Ga irin hoton hatimin mai kisa.
Wani bangare na musamman na damisa shine cewa bai dace da batun rooker ba, amma yafi son zaman kadaici.
Lokacin da lokacin rani ya fara a Antarctica, damisa na teku suna shugabantar kusa da abinci - mazauna penguin. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don farautar waɗannan pinnipeds. Lokacin da penguins suke iyo kusa da dusar kankara ko tsibiri kuma suka sami damar tsalle daga cikin ruwa, damisa teku ta fuskance su a karkashin ruwa daga nesa ba tare da amo. Ba tare da yashiga ruwa ba, ya kwashe ganima. Wani abu kuma shine lokacin da penguins suke cikin babban ruwa, nesa da bakin tekun. Yi iyo zuwa ga tsuntsaye a ƙarƙashin ruwa, ba zato ba tsammani ta fito da hatimin kusa. A cikin ruɗani, yawancin tsuntsaye sun tsallake, kuma aan a cikin rikice ba daskare a gaban makarkashiyar da kanta. Maharbin kai tsaye yana jin daɗin tasirin. Bayan sun murmure, tsuntsayen suka gudu, suna kuma rarraba kukan da sukeyi, suna kokarin boyewa. A bayansu, kamar yadda torpedo ta narke cikin ruwa, damisa ta hau kan ruwa. Kuma tare da tsallake tsalle na ƙarshe tare da runaways. Ba da daɗewa ba, komai ya natsu.
Yayin farautar mabubban ruwa, damisa teku kuma tayi tururuwar karkashin ruwa. Zuwa cikin zurfin mita 300, zai iya zama a wurin na kimanin minti goma, yana riƙe oxygen a cikin tsokoki da jini. A lokacin ruwa, karfin karfin ruwa yana matse hancin dabba, kuma idan aka bude baki don kama ganima, lafazi mai laushi da harshe suna rufe bangon bayan kwayar, hana ruwa shiga cikin huhun. Idan harin a cikin ruwa ya gaza, to yana iya ci gaba da bin ƙasa, amma ba da dadewa ba. A cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa yana da sauƙi a gare shi, akwai asalin sa.
Hadarin dake tattare da damisa ya kasance ga mutane ne. An sami lokutan kai harin a kan kwale-kwale. Kwayoyin suna tsalle daga ruwan suna ƙoƙarin kama hannun mutumin da ƙafa. Christy Brown a cikin 2003 ya zama wanda aka azabtar yayin balaguro na polar. Jaririn teku, yayin da yake yin zurfin binciken mai binciken, ya kama kafarta da hakora tare da jawo shi zuwa zurfin mita 70, matar ta sha wahala. Halin tashin hankali ya bunƙasa a cikin dabba yayin juyin halitta, al'adar kai hari ga kowane irin abin da ya kama.
Tsarin teku na zaune a wuri guda a duniya - Antarctica. Gaba ɗaya, a cikin Tekun Kudancin a yanzu akwai mutane kusan 400,000 na damisa na teku. Wannan nau'in bai taɓa fuskantar kamun kifi ba kuma adadin dabbobin sun yi yawa sosai.
Damisa teku ta samu karbuwa, kulawa da kariya. Australiya har ma ta ba da tsabar kudin dala tare da hoton Sarauniya Elizabeth ta II ta Ingila a gaban tsabar tsabar kudin, kuma a baya - damisa mai teku da cubansa a bangon Antarctica da dusar kankara.
Habitat
Leopards na teku suna zaune a cikin rumbun ruwa da kuma karkashin ikon ruwa na Kudancin Hemisphere, daga kan iyakar shirya kankara zuwa iyakar nahiyar Antarctic, da kuma kewaye da tsibirin subpolar. Kudancin tekun Indiya da tsibirin Heard yankuna ne waɗanda waɗannan dabbobin ke zama shekara-shekara. Suna nan a Kudancin Jojiya, Macquarie da tsibirin Falkland, Campbell da Auckland. Je zuwa arewacin Sydney, game da. Rarotonga, Afirka ta Kudu da Arewacin Argentina.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Leopard na Teku
An dauki dogon lokaci cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa daga zuriyar dabbobi sun fito daga asalin magabata daya da ke rayuwa akan doron ƙasa, amma kawo yanzu ba a sami tabbataccen tabbaci game da wannan ba. Burbushin halittun da aka gano Puijila darwini, wanda ya rayu a Arctic a lokacin Miocene (shekaru miliyan 23-5 da suka gabata), ya zama wannan hanyar da aka rasa. An samo kashin da aka kiyaye shi sosai a tsibirin Devon a Kanada.
Tun daga kan kai zuwa wutsiya, tana da girman 110 cm da ƙafafun ƙafa maimakon ƙusoshin, wanda zuriyar sa ke zamani. Feetafar ƙafafun gidan yanar gizon zai ba shi damar ɓata lokaci na farauta don neman abinci a cikin ruwan tafkunan ruwa, yana mai yin balaguro cikin ƙasa ƙasa da masifar sanyi a lokacin hunturu, lokacinda tafkuna masu sanyi zasu tilasta shi neman abinci a ƙasa mai wahala. Dogaye wutsiya da gajerun kafafu sun bashi kamannin ruwan kogin otter.
Siffofin bayyanar damisa ta teku
Wannan hatimin yana da tsayi tsawon jiki tsawon mita 2.5-3.2, madaidaici mai ƙarfi tare da manyan jaws, dogayen tsummoki da kuma manyan motsi. Dabbobin suna da nauyin kilogiram 250-400. Mata suna da girma fiye da maza: wani lokacin nauyin daidaikun mutane zai iya kaiwa kilogiram 600. Amma duk da girman girma da kuma rayuwa a cikin ruwan sanyi, ƙasan damisa ya ƙasa sosai da na sauran nau'ikan ɗabi'ai.
Kyakkyawan fuskar kyakkyawa ta damisa teku tana yaudarar kai: wannan maharbin ba shi da matsala ga abun ciye-ciye akan penguin har ma da karamin hatimi.
Launi na dabba shine azurfa, a bayansa duhu, tare da haske da duhu tabo a makogwaro, ƙyallen kafada, gewaye da ciki. A babiesan jarirai suna sanye da dogayen laushi, mai kama da launi zuwa ga gashin babban dabba.
Ba kamar sauran ɗamammen zaren hatimin, damuwar gaban damisa suna da dadewa, wanda hakan ke ba shi damar amfani da sauri da kuma motsawa.
Leopard na teku a cikin hoto yana nuna tsaran haɓaka.
Antarctic Predator Rayuwa
Rayuwar damisa ta gudana a kan kankara da cikin teku. Yara dabbobi ne kawai wasu lokuta sukan taru a cikin kananan rukuni, yayin da manya suka fi son kada su yi magana da nau'in nasu.
Sau da yawa ana iya samun damisa kusa da wasu pinnipeds, kamar su murƙwalwar ɓarke da hatimin furcin Antarctic, da kuma tsakanin manyan penan mulkin penguin: maharbi baya son zuwa nesa da neman abinci kuma ya gwammace cewa mafi ƙarancin farauta koyaushe yana kusa.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Dabbobin damisa na teku
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ɗayan hatimi, damisa teku tana da tsari mai kaurin tsokoki da kuma ƙyalƙyali. An san wannan nau'in don girman kai da jaws, mai kama da dabbobi masu rarrafe, wanda ke ba da izinin zama ɗayan manyan masu farautar yanayi. Wani mahimmin fasali wanda yake da wahalar rasawa shine suturar kariya, kuma gefen sutturar gashi yayi duhu fiye da na ciki.
A cikin damisa na farin ruwa, kyautuka zuwa launin toka mai hade da gashi wanda ke samar da launi "damisa" mai launi iri iri, yayin da ventral (ƙananan) gefen rigar yana da launi mai haske - daga fari zuwa haske launin toka. Mace sun ɗan girma fiye da maza. Jimlar tsawon shine 2.4-3.5 m, da nauyi - daga kilogiram 200 zuwa 600. Sune daidai da tsawon walimar arewa, amma nauyin damisa na ƙasa da rabi.
Karshen bakin bakin damisa an kange shi sama, yana haifar da dafin murmushin da yake mai daure fuska. Wannan bayyanar fuskokin da ba ta dace ba yana kara bayyanar da mai ba da tsoro ga dabba, kuma ba za a iya amincewa da ita ba. Waɗannan potan wasa ne masu iya tayar da hankali waɗanda ke kula da abin da suke ci har abada. A lokuta da dama, idan suka je bango, sukan kare sararinsu ne ta hanyar bayar da gargadi game da duk wadanda ke da kusanci.
Jikin rafi na ruwan teku yana ba ka damar samun saurin sauri a cikin ruwa, tare da nuna gogewa tare da manyan goshinsa. Wani halayyar abin lura shine ɗan gajeren wando, mai gashin baki, wanda ake amfani dashi don nazarin yanayin. Leopards na teku suna da babban baki dangane da girman jikin mutum.
Hakoran hakoran na da kaifi, kamar sauran karnuka, amma manyan motsi suna haɗuwa da juna ta hanyar toshe krill daga ruwa, kamar hatimin zane. Ba su da wadatar waje ko kunnuwa, amma suna da rajin kunne na ciki wanda zai kai ga buɗewar waje. Jita-jita a cikin iska tana kama da jita-jita ta mutane, kuma damisa teku tana amfani da kunnuwanta tare da gashin baki don gano abin da take ci a cikin ruwa.
Me damisa ta ci?
Yankin ganimar damisa na teku yana da faɗi sosai kuma ya haɗa da Antarctic krill, kifi, squid, da penguins da sauran tebirds da seals.
Tun da damisa ya kan doshi bakin ruwa, yakan farauta ne kawai da ruwa. Gabaɗaya, abincin ya bambanta da lokacin shekara. A watan Satumba-Nuwamba, krill ta mamaye yawancin abincin. A watan Disamba da Janairu, maniyyi mai zane ya zama mahimmanci a cikin abincin. A cikin Janairu-Fabrairu, matasa penguins zama mafi m wadanda ke fama. An kama kifi lokaci-lokaci.
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, kawai mafi girma da tsofaffin mutane ke cin ganima. Farauta penguin da ke kusa da yan mulkin mallaka na faruwa ne a wani lokaci kawai, kuma kawai wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yanayin haɗuwa musamman da ke tattare da shi, tunda yana da matukar wahala a kama penguin-sauri a cikin ruwa.
Damisa teku ita ce kadai madaidaicin hatimin hatimin da ke kama hular sauran dabbobi. Babu wanda ya taɓa ganin irin wannan farauta, sai dai yawan ɓoyayyen kuliyoyin roƙo, gami da ajalinsu a cikin damisa, har lahira, suna cewa irin waɗannan hare-hare suna faruwa. Yawancin wadanda abin ya shafa yara ne na dabbobi, amma kuma an sami sabon karni a cikin manya.
Samuwar hare-haren damisa a kan masu cin abinchi sune sirsasai har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, yawanci a cikin nau'ikan layi daya a duk sassan jikin. A baya, an yi kuskuren zaci cewa waɗannan ƙarancin sun bar hakoran kifayen kisa, amma yanzu an yi imanin cewa suna wanzuwa lokacin da mai shaye-shaye ya fado daga rafin teku ta amfani da wata dabara ta musamman - juyawa. Leopards suna cin naman fata ne kawai da kuma masu kitse mai kitse.
Baya ga masu cin giya, Annabin aure na weddell, kamar yadda hatimun fur da kuma giwayen hatimin za su iya zama mahaukaciyar guguwar teku.
A ina ne damisa ke zaune?
Hoto: Leopard Antarctica na Teku
Waɗannan sutsi ne na pagophilic, yanayin rayuwa wanda ya haɗa gaba ɗaya da murfin kankara. Babban mazaunin tekun Antarctic tare da kewayen kankara. Ana lura da daidaikun matasa a bakin tsibiran tsibirin. An kuma yi rubuce-rubucen leopards na teku a kan iyakar Australia, New Zealand, Kudancin Amurka da Afirka ta Kudu. A watan Agusta 2018, mutum ɗaya aka hango shi a Geraldton a gabar yammacin yamma na Ostiraliya. A Yankin Antarctica na Yamma, yawan adadin damisa na teku ya fi na wasu yankuna.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: onean ragowar kogi na daji a kan wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma penguins a cikin ruwan Antarctic-da ke kankara. Kuma idan ba su da aikin neman abinci, za su iya yin iyo a kan kankara su huta. Fitowar su da murmushin da ba ta fahimta ba sa saurin gane su!
Yawancin wakilan kwayoyin halittar suna zama a cikin kankara a duk shekara, kasancewa suke a ware gaba daya saboda yawancin rayuwarsu, ban da lokacin zama tare da mahaifiyarsu. Wadannan rukunin matrilineal na iya zuwa gaba arewa yayin lokacin hunturu na Australiya zuwa tsibirin submarctic da kuma tekun tsibirin na kudanci na kudu don ba da kulawa ta yadda yakamata ga yaran. Yayin da mutane daban-daban na iya bayyana a wuraren da ke da ƙananan lamuran mace, da wuya mata su yi kiwo a wurin. Wasu masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa wannan saboda matsalar rashin lafiyar zuriya ce.
Kiwo
Waɗannan pinnipeds ba su da takamaiman canjin yanayi. Dabbar ta hanyar canjin tana faruwa ne kai tsaye a cikin ruwa, kuma daga watan Satumba zuwa Janairu macen ta haifi ɗa guda ɗaya a kan kankara ko a tsibirin. Uwa tana ciyar da shi nono har tsawon sati hudu, a wannan lokacin ne jariri yake kara adadinta a lokuta da yawa.
Leopards na teku sun isa samartaka tun suna 3-7-7, kuma tsawon rayuwar su yakai shekaru 20-25. Wadannan dabbobi suna gama gari a cikin Antarctic. Girman yawan mutanen duniya ya kai kimanin 300,00000 dabbobi dubu kuma damisa ba sa barazanar lalata.
Habitat, mazauni
A halin yanzu, kusan kashi goma na damisa, waɗanda ke da banbanta da mazauninsu, ana ɗaukar su a ware. Leopards na Afirka (Rancher rardus rardus) suna zaune a Afirka, inda suke rayuwa ba wai kawai a cikin gandun daji na yankuna na tsakiya ba, har ma a cikin tsaunuka, hamada da savannahs daga Cape na Kyakkyawan Fata zuwa Maroko. Masu fashin baki suna guje wa busassun wurare da manyan hamada, saboda haka ba a samun su a cikin Sahara.
Subswararrun damisa Indiya (Ranthera rardus fusca) tana zaune a Nepal da Bhutan, Bangladesh da Pakistan, kudancin China da arewacin Indiya. Yana faruwa a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da rashin ƙarfi, a cikin yankuna na arewacin arewacin daji. Celllon leopards (Ranhera rardus kotiyа) suna zaune ne kawai a tsibirin Sri Lanka, kuma yankuna na arewacin China (Ranhera rardus jaronesis) suna zaune a arewacin China.
Yankin rarraba yankin gabas ta gabas ko Amur damisa (Pantherа pardus Orientalis) yana wakilta ne daga yankin Rasha, China da Koriya ta Koriya, da kuma yawan 'yan gabashin Asiya da ke mutuwa (Pantherа pardus сiscaucasica) ana samunsa a Iran da Afghanistan, Turkmenistan da Azerbaijan, a Abkhazia da Armenia, Georgia da Turkey Pakistan, , kamar yadda kuma a Arewacin Caucasus. The leopard na Arab Arab (Pantherа pardus nimr) ya kafa yankin ƙasar larabawa.
Koma abinda ke ciki
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Leopard na Teku
Nazarin ya nuna cewa, a matsakaita, iyakar isar ruwa a mataslan yara shine kimanin minti 7. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin lokutan hunturu, leopards na teku ba sa cin krill, wanda shine babban ɓangare na abincin tsofaffin hatimin, saboda ana samun krill mai zurfi. Wannan na iya wasu lokuta haifar da farauta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Anyi rikodin lokuta na farauta na Antarctic Jawo hatimi, ta hanyar hatimin matashi kuma wataƙila mahaifiyarsa ta taimaka wa ɗan sa na haɓaka, ko kuma yana iya kasancewa hulɗar mace + namiji don ƙara yawan farauta.
Lokacin da damisa teku ta gaji da cin abinci, amma har yanzu tana son yin nishaɗi, zai iya buga cat da linzami tare da penguins ko wani hatimi. Lokacin da Penguin tayi iyo zuwa bakin ruwa, damisa ta yanke hanyarsa ta komawa. Yana yin wannan sau da yawa har sai penguin ko dai ya sami damar isa gaɓar tekun ko kuma ya sha wahala. Da alama wannan wasan bai da wata ma'ana, musamman tunda hatimin ya kashe kuzari mai yawa a cikin wannan wasa kuma maiyuwa bazai ci dabbobin da suka kashe ba. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan a bayyane yake ga wasa, ko wataƙila zai iya kasancewa ƙarami ne, ɗumbin ɗumbin whoan uwan da ba ya son motsa dabarun farauta.
Leopards na teku suna da talauci sosai sosai da hulɗa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, suna farauta kadai kuma basu taba haduwa da sama da mutum ɗaya ko biyu na jinsunan su a lokaci guda. Ban da wannan halin shi kaɗai ne lokacin kiwo na shekara daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris, lokacin da mutane da yawa zasu haɗu tare. Koyaya, saboda halayen su na musamman mara kyau da yanayin rayuwa, ba a san komai game da cikakken tsarin haihuwa. Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna ƙoƙarin gano yadda leopards na teku suka zaɓi abokan aikinsu da kuma yadda suke tsara yankunansu.
Dalilai na raguwar lambobi
Bayan haɓakar haɓakawa da taɓar da jama'a, ayyukan ɓarkewar mutum ya zama sanadin ɓacewar damisa ta Gabas.
Ukuzuka da yankuna da suka dace da filayen farauta. Suna saurin rugujewa ƙarƙashin lalacewar wayewa, tare da gobarar daji da ke "lalata" ciyayi da tilasta herbivores don yin ƙaura "taimako".
Wannan ya hada da manyan tituna da hanyoyin layin dogo wadanda aka girka ta dazuzzukan daji, da tona filaye, da faduwar bishiyoyi ba tare da kulawa ba.
Manyan lalacewar da ke da ƙarancin damisa na Amur ana yi ne ta hanyar wasu masu fyaɗe suna lalata dabbobi da karnukan karnuka. Mafarautan suna neman samun ɓoyayyiyar kyakkyawar dabba, kuma masu warkar da Sinawa suna biyan kuɗi da yawa don sassan gawa da aka yi amfani da su wajen sarrafa potions.
Wani lokacin damisa 'yan gabas sun zama masu cutar barewa. Oƙarin neman abinci don kansu, ana harbe maharan a daidai wurin da "laifin." Ba kasafai ke damun damisa ke afkawa motocin da ke wucewa ta hanyar ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Dabbobin Kafe Teku
Tunda damisa na zaune a wurare da mutane ba sa iyawa, ba a san abin da aka sani game da dabi'un samun zuriya. Koyaya, sananne ne cewa tsarin kiworsu yana da yawa fiye da ɗaya, wato, maza suna haɗuwa da mace da yawa yayin lokacin aure. Mace mai yin jima'i (ɗan shekaru 3-7-7) na iya haihuwar ɗa ɗaya a lokacin bazara, lokacin saduwa da namiji mai aiki da jima'i (shekara 6-7).
Dabbar ta hanyar yin canjin yakan faru ne daga Disamba zuwa Janairu, jim kadan bayan an yaye jariri, lokacin da kwayar estrus ke gudana cikin mace. A shirye-shiryen haihuwar hatimi, mace ta tona ramin zagaye a cikin kankara. Jariri jarirai masu nauyin kilogram 30 kuma yana tare da mahaifiyarsa tsawon wata guda kafin a yaye shi kuma a koyar da shi farauta. Sealarfin namiji bai shiga cikin kula da jariran ba kuma ya dawo cikin yanayin rayuwar shi kaɗai bayan lokacin balaga. Yawancin kiwo damisa na faruwa ne a kan kankara kankara.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yankari yana faruwa cikin ruwa, sannan namiji ya bar mace ya kula da ɗan da ta haifa bayan kwana 274 na ciki.
An yi imanin cewa sautin sautin yana da matukar muhimmanci yayin haifuwa, tunda a wannan lokacin mazan sun fi ƙarfin aiki. An yi rubuce-rubuce da yin nazari game da waɗannan muryoyin. Kodayake ba a san komai game da dalilin da yasa waɗannan sautin ke yin ta maza ba, ana tsammanin suna da alaƙa da bangarorin haifuwarsu da halayen haihuwa. Ratayawa sama da hawa sauyawa daga gefe zuwa gefe, maza manya suna da sifofi, masu salo wanda suke haifewa da jerin kebantattun abubuwa wanda kuma ake ganin wani bangare ne na halayyar su.
Daga 1985 zuwa 1999, an yi balaguroin bincike guda biyar zuwa Antarctica don nazarin damisa marine. An gudanar da abubuwan lura a kan hatim ɗin maraƙi daga farkon Nuwamba zuwa ƙarshen Disamba. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun lura cewa ga kowane tsofaffi uku, sunada kamar cubaya ,aya, kuma sun kuma ga yawancin mata sun nisanta kansu da sauran kuliyoyin lokacin wannan kakar, kuma idan aka gansu cikin rukuni, basu nuna alamun hulɗa ba. Yawan mace-macen da aka samu a cikin shekarar farko ya kusa kusan kashi 25 cikin dari.
Halayyar
Leopards makiyaya ne masu nuna alamar yankinsu da fitsari da fitsari. A lokacin cin abinci, damisa sukan tsarkaka, kuma ragowar sadarwa tare da dangi na faruwa ne tare da taimakon kara da tari.
Lokacin farauta, damisa yana motsawa a hankali da alheri, ba tare da jawo hankali ba. Wadannan magabatan ba sa jin bukatar ruwa, tunda dumbin ruwan da suke samu daga abin da suka ci.
Leopard wata dabba ce mai sauri, tana iya hawa da sauri har zuwa kilomita 60 / h, kuma tana yin tsalle tsayi sama da mita shida. Hakanan sun sami hangen nesa da haɓaka sosai, wanda ya isa don farauta a cikin dazuzzukan daji.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Babban abinci da aka fi so daga cikin waɗannan masu ƙaddara shi ne deer, barewa, tururuwa. Damisa tana kallon abin da ta farauto a tafkunan, tana manne da wuyanta a tsalle don haka ta kashe ta.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna ɓoye abincinsu a kan bishiya. Zasu iya tayar da gawa har sau uku fiye da kansu. Idan ɗaya daga cikin masu gasa ya taɓa abincinsu, ba za su ci shi ba. Yana faruwa a cikin shekarunda suke fama da yunwa sai damisa ta kama dabbobi, tsuntsaye da birai. Wani lokacin ma yakan ci abinci. Idan ya hadu da dawakai da kyarkeci, ya ɓace musu.
Leopards na iya satar ganimar juna daga itace. Yawanci, damisa yana buƙatar kwana biyu don cin naman ganima. Don haka ci dabba mai jin yunwa. Kyakkyawan damisa yana hulɗa da ganima a cikin kwana biyar ko bakwai.
Leopards zuwa wani lokaci suna share yanayin dabbobi masu rauni. Wani zaɓi na halitta yana faruwa tare da taimakonsu.
Farar fata da Farar fata
Yana faruwa cewa a cikin mace ɗaya, tare da masu haɓaka, baƙi baƙi suna bayyana. Wadannan leopards ana kiransu bakaken fata. Koyaya, damisa baƙi, duka iri ɗaya ne, suna da ƙananan aibobi waɗanda ke fitowa zuwa mafi girma ko zuwa ƙarami. Hoton yana nuna damisa baƙi.
Har yanzu akwai ragowar albino. Idanunsu sunyi shuɗi kuma gashi ta fari. Koyaya, irin waɗannan farin damisa ba kasafai suke zama a cikin daji ba.
Rashin ganima
A ƙasar China akwai takaddun takardu waɗanda za su dace da waɗannan dabbobin. Koyaya, matakin samar da abinci na wadannan yankuna bai isa ya kula da alumma a matakin da ya dace ba. Zai yuwu a kara adadin ganima, amma saboda wannan ya zama dole don tsara yadda ake amfani da gandun daji ta hanyar mutane da kuma daukar matakan gaggawa da ingantaccen matakan kare ungulates daga masu bautar. Domin damisa ta farfado, tana buƙatar sake cika mazaunin da ta gabata.
Bayanan Ban sha'awa
Budurwa mace tana riƙe da cuban maza tsawon lokaci. Suna zaune tare da inna tsawon watanni fiye da 'yan mata.
Shugabannin kabilun Afirka galibi suna sanye da damisa. A cikin wannan ne suke tsoratar da tsoro a gaban abokan gabansu. Tunda wannan fatar tana nuna cewa sun mallaki duk halayen wannan dabbar, alheri, ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
Maharbi dan asalin halittar seals ana kiransa damisa, saboda yana da launi iri ɗaya a wuraren shimfidawa kuma shine mafarauci mai kyau.
A cikin tsoffin Heraldry, an ambaci wani damisa na damisa da raƙumi. Wannan hoton ya kasance wani katon kurege da ke tare da shugaban raƙumi mai kaho biyu. Wannan dabba alama ce ta himma da ƙarfin hali.
Bayanin cewa damisa fari (damisa dusar ƙanƙara) wata damisa ce mai launin shuɗi. Farkon damisa mallakar halittar dabbobi masu shayarwa ne kuma ana kiranta damisa dusar ƙanƙara.
Dimorphism na jima'i
A cikin waɗannan dabbobin, mace tana da girma da girma fiye da maza. Yawan nauyinsu zai iya kaiwa kilogiram 500, da tsayin jiki - mita 4. A cikin maza, tsayinsu ba zai wuce mita 3 ba, kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilo 270. Launi da halin mutum daban-daban na mata da maza kusan iri ɗaya ne, saboda haka, wani lokacin ma yana da matukar wahala a tantance jima'i na samari, har yanzu ba manya sosai.
Abincin Kare Tekun
Ana ɗaukar damisa ta teku a matsayin mafi tsoron azzalumai a cikin ɗakunan latin Antarctic. Koyaya, akasin mashahurin mashahuri, yawancin abincin da yake ci shine ba dabbobi masu dumin jini ba, amma krill. Matsayin sa cikin kashi idan aka kwatanta da sauran "abinci" a cikin jerin damisa na teku shine kusan kashi 45%.
Abu na biyu, dan kadan kadan daga cikin abincin shine naman sambatun matasa na sauran nau'ikan, kamar su tamburrurruwar fata, seals like da selam din weddell. Matsakaicin seals a cikin menu na maƙiyin kusan kashi 35%.
Tsuntsaye, ciki har da penguins, har ma da kifi da cephalopods, kusan 10% kowannensu.
Damisawar teku ba ta raini don cin riba ba, alal misali, yana ɗokin cin naman matattun kifi, ba shakka, idan an ba shi irin wannan damar.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Masana kimiyya sun lura da wani sabon abu game da waɗannan dabbobi: yawancin damisa na bakin teku suna farautar penguins daga harka, amma a cikin mutane na wannan nau'in akwai kuma waɗanda suka gwammace su ci naman waɗannan tsuntsayen.
A lokaci guda, ba za a iya samun cikakken bayani game da irin wannan halin ba. Wataƙila, zaɓin yawancin rabo na hatimi ko naman kaji a cikin abincin damisa na teku an yi bayani ne ta hanyar abubuwan jaraba da kai na waɗannan gourmets.
Damisa teku tana lura da abin da ta ci a cikin ruwa, daga baya sai ta hau kan ta ta kashe ta. Idan har shari’ar ta faru kusa da bakin gabar teku, to wanda abin ya shafa na iya kokarin tserewa daga maharban ta hanyar jefa kan kan kankara. Amma ko da a wannan yanayin, ta yi nesa da ko da yaushe ta iya yin ɓoye: jan-zafi tare da farauta, damisa na teku ita ma ta tsallake daga ruwan kuma ta kwashe ganima ta daɗewa, tana tafiya kan kankara tare da taimakon ƙaƙƙarfan matakan adalci na dogon lokaci ..
Mazaunan teku sukan farauto penguins, suna kama su kusa da gaɓar tekun a ruwa. Yayin da tsuntsu mara hankali ya kusanci gaci, maharbin ya tsallake ruwan kuma a hankali ya kama abinsa da bakin sa.
Bayan wannan, damisa ta fara cin abincinsa. Yana riƙe gawa a jikin tsuntsu mai ƙarfi, yana farawa da ƙarfi a saman ruwa, don raba naman da fatar, wanda a zahiri, ya zama dole ga mai farautar, tunda penguins sun fi sha'awar ƙashinsu mai kitse.
Dabbobin da aka buga na bakan da aka buga dasu
Kamar yadda ka sani, hotunan monochrome yanzu suna cikin halin yanzu, amma idan yazo batun buga bakakken baka, yafi wahala a tattaro cikakkiyar hoton.
A cikin irin waɗannan kwari, tsarin da inuwa na ɗab'in ya kamata su dace da yadda ya kamata, don haka ya fi kyau zaɓi kayan da aka shirya da kansu. Abin takaici, mafi yawan kayayyaki ɗab'in bugun dabbobi za su kasance mafi yawan dets detser tare da saman ko jaket, wanda dole ne a gauraya shi da tufafi bayyane nan da nan.
Misali, hoto mai gaye tare da wando da jaket a cikin kayan buga kaya mai tsabta yana buƙatar haɓaka tare da saman madaidaiciya ko kunkuru, kuma don zaɓar wani saman da wando, riguna, ma zai fi dacewa a sarari.
Kawai babban zanen gargajiya, ainihin salo a cikinsu wanda za'a iya samu a lokacin hunturu da bazara, za su haɗa kansu gaba ɗaya daga kan kai har zuwa yatsun launuka na dabbobi.
Babbar dabba a cikin tufafi na waje
Sutturar fata a cikin Python, rigakafin damisa na mutum-mutumi, riguna na laconic da jaket elongated tare da buga damisa - wannan shine abin da kuke buƙatar kulawa da hankali yayin zabar sutturar riguna tare da bugawar tsinkaye ta al'ada.
Hotunan 'Yan Sanda 2019-2020 tare da damisa da sauran kwafi na dabba a cikin riguna sun fi kyau a hade tare da tsaka tsaki. Baƙar fata, launin ruwan kasa, launin toka, haɗarin m a cikin tufafi cikakke ne.
Abubuwan da ke da ƙarfin zuciya da keɓaɓɓu na iya ƙoƙari su haɗu da dabbobin dabbobi kuma babu ƙaramar launuka masu launuka iri ɗaya a hoto ɗaya. Misali, kayan lemun tsami da lemo na furfura mai laushi tare da faux fur zasu zama mai matukar tasiri kuma ya dace.
Mafi yawan riguna na leopard a cikin hotunan mata
Zabi na leopard fitarwa don fitowar maraice bazai zama mai nasara ba gaba daya, yayin da a cikin yanayin yau da kullun 2019-2020, riguna leopard ba zasu yi daidai ba.
Kuna iya ɗaukar suturar damisa mai kyau don aiki, saboda yanayin zai zama mafi rufewa da salo mai laushi. Za'a iya sawa samfuran wasanni masu kyauta tare da farin sneakers. A cikin sanyin sanyi, saka jaket baki ko ƙaramin bege, irin waɗannan hotuna tare da riguna masu damisa suna da mata da kyan gani.
Misali iri iri na riguna masu damisa, daga dacewa da yanke, sun kasance masu dacewa. Koyaya, waɗannan halaye kamar su asymmetry ko saukar da kafadu, da frills, ba su yarda da irin wannan riguna ba kuma ba su da yawa.
Sifiket masu suttura da wando tare da kwafi na tsinkaye a cikin hotunan
Gaba daya manta game da ledojin leopard, yanzu a cikin yanayin wando tare da buga dabba 2019-2020 yanke madaidaiciya tare da hauhawar tashi. Dogayen gajarta da wando mai laushi suna dacewa. Takalma masu launin launuka masu launin riga iya zama samfurin buga-maciji ne kawai.
A cikin tsarin sikandire akwai ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka. Ko da gajeren ƙirar denim tare da ɗigon damisa zai zama gaye. Mai salo mai ban sha'awa tare da wando mai zane na fensir mai ban sha'awa; a lokaci guda, tabbatar cewa zaɓi saman a launi mara kyau.
Akwai 'yan maxi skirts tare da buga buga rubutu, amma midi shine mafi dadewa mafi dacewa. Samfuran flared da masu dacewa ba tare da ƙarin kayan ado ba a cikin kowane haɗuwa zasu yi kama da ban mamaki.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
A halin yanzu, yawan damisa na teku kusan dabbobi dubu 400 ne. Wannan shine mafi girma nau'in halittar Arctic hatimi kuma ba shakka basu fuskantar barazanar bacewa. Abin da ya sa aka ba da damisa keɓaɓɓun matsayin “Least damu”.
Damisa teku ƙaƙƙarfan kage ne mai hatsarin gaske. Ofaya daga cikin manyan ƙamus na duniya, wannan dabba tana rayuwa a cikin ruwan sanyi na subantarctic, inda ta fi dacewa a kan dabbobi masu jin daɗin rayuwa da suke zaune a wannan yanki. Rayuwar wannan maƙiyin ya dogara sosai ba kawai ga adadin waɗanda aka saba da shi ba, har ma da sauyin yanayi. Kuma yayin da babu abin da ke barazana ga zaman lafiyar damisa, ƙaramar zafi a cikin Antarctic da daskarar da kankara zai iya shafar alummarta ta hanya mafi kyau har ma ta jefa rayuwar wannan dabbar mai ban mamaki.
Fitowar damisa teku
Damisawar Tekun nasa ne a dangi like, kuma shine mafi girman wakilin wannan nau'in. Girman wannan maharbin yana da ban sha'awa - tsawon jikin mutum namiji ne mita 3, mace ta kai mita 4.
Babban nauyin kusan rabin tan a cikin mata ya kai kimanin kilo 270-300. a cikin maza. Kamar yadda kake gani, mace bata iya yin alfahari da alheri, amma a maimakon haka, tana da nauyi sosai idan aka kwatanta ta da maza. Amma, duk da irin wannan girma, jikin damisa na da ƙarancin kitse mai karko mai yawa.
Babban jikin yana da tsari mai kauri, wanda yake ba shi damar haɓaka babban gudu cikin ruwa. Bsarfin ƙafafu masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi, har da sassauƙar dabi'a, suna yin aiki iri ɗaya.
Halin kwanyar ya lalace, yana mai da kansa kama da shugaban dabbobi masu rarrafe.A cikin bakin damisa akwai layuka biyu na haƙoran haƙora da ƙyallen har zuwa cm 2.5. Haske da ƙanshi suna da haɓaka, babu wadatar robobi.
Wannan hatimi, a zahiri, an kira shi damisa a wani ɓangaren launinsa - fararen fata baƙi suna a kan fatar launin toka mai duhu na baya. Zuciya tana da haske, kuma fasalin tabo a kanta, ya yi akasin haka, duhu. Fatar kanta tayi yawa, Jawo yayi gajere.
Tekun Leopard Habitat
Damisawar teku tana zaune a cikin Antarctic, tare da daɗin kankara. Matasa suna yin iyo a kan kananan tsibiran tsibiri a cikin ruwa mai zurfi kuma suna iya zuwa wurin a kowane lokaci na shekara. Dabbobin sun fi son zama a bakin tekun kuma ba sa iyo cikin ruwa mai nisa, ban da lokacin ƙaura.
Mafi mahimmancin jiyya ga damisa teku sune penguins
Tare da farawar damisa masu sanyi a lokacin sanyi hunturu suna iyo cikin ruwa mai dumbin yawa na Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia, New Zealand, Australia. A mafi turancin tsibirin da aka santa - tsibirin Easter, an kuma gano halayen kasancewar wannan dabbar. Lokacin da lokaci yayi, damisar ta koma cikin dusar kankara ta Antarctic.
Tekun Leopard Rayuwa
Ba kamar dangin sa na hatimin ba, damisa ta fi son zama ita kaɗai, maimakon tara manyan kungiyoyi a bakin. Youngeran matasa ne kaɗai wani lokaci sukan iya samar da .an ƙungiyoyi.
Maza da mata ba sa hulɗa ta kowace hanya, amma ban da waɗancan lokacin idan lokacin aure ya zo. Da rana, dabbobi suna kwanciya a kan dutsen kankara, kuma da isowar dare suna nutsewa cikin ruwa don ciyarwa.
A cikin farauta don penguins, damisa teku zata iya tsalle zuwa ƙasa
Damisawar teku, a cikin yankin ruwanta ana ɗaukarta ɗayan manyan kuma masu cin nasara. Godiya ga iyawar haɓakar saurin kilomita 30-40 / h a cikin ruwa, ikon nutsewa zuwa zurfin zurfin mita 300 da kuma damar tsalle sama daga cikin ruwa, wannan dabba ta teku ta kirkira wa kanta daukakar damisa na ainihi.
Magabatan asali na damisa na teku
Hoto: Leopard na Tekun a Antarctica
Ba abu mai sauki ba ne ga jagoranci mai tsayi da rayuwa mai kyau a cikin Antarctic, kuma damisawar teku tayi sa'ar samun kyakkyawan abinci ba kawai, har ma da kusan cikakkiyar rashi ga masu hasashen. Kisan kifi Whales ne kawai maƙiyin da waɗannan ɗigogin shaidan suka kafa. Idan wadannan hatimin suka sami nasarar tsere wa fushin kifin kisa, za su iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 26. Kodayake damisa ba manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa a duniya ba, zasu iya rayuwa tsawon lokaci mai ban sha'awa, idan aka basu mazaunin guguwa. Baya ga kisa mai kisa, suna iya ƙoƙarin farautar ƙananan mutane na damisa: manyan kifayen kifaye kuma, mai yiwuwa, hatimin giwaye. Fanarbarwar dabbar suna 2.5 cm.
Kokarin yin nazarin wadannan halittun na iya zama da hadari, kuma a yanayi daya an san cewa tabbas wani damisa ne ya kashe mutum. Ba haka ba da daɗewa, masanin kimiyyar ruwa a teku da ke aiki a Ma'aikatar Antarctic ta Burtaniya ya nutsar bayan da hatimin ya ja shi kusan rabin ruwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa. A halin yanzu dai ba a san ko damisa na bakin teku sun yi niyyar kashe masanin halitta ba, amma mafi mahimmanci, tunatarwa ce mai ban sha'awa game da yanayin yanayin waɗannan dabbobin daji.
Lokacin farauta, damisawar ruwa ta kange ruwa a bakin kankara, kusan ta nutse cikin ruwa, tana jiran tsuntsayen su hau kan tekun. Yana kashe penguins yin iyo ta hanyar kame kafafunsu, sannan ya girgiza tsuntsu da karfi kuma ya maimaita jikinsa akai-akai a saman ruwa har sai penguin din ya mutu. Rahotannin da suka gabata sun nuna cewa damisa ta tsabtace abincinta kafin a ci abincin da aka samu ba daidai bane.
Rashin hakora ya zama dole su yanke ganima a cikin guda, sai ya ragargaza abin da ya farauto daga wannan gefe zuwa wancan, ya lalata shi zuwa kananan guda. A lokaci guda, ana cin krill ta tsotsa ta haƙoran hatimi, wanda ke ba damisa damisa damar canzawa zuwa tsarin ciyarwa daban. Wannan karbuwa na musamman na iya nuna nasarar hadewar halittun Antarctic.