1. A karkashin sunan ɗaba'o'i, wakilan iyalan 2 na dabbobi masu ruwa ruwa wadanda ke cikin tsarin pinnipeds suna da haɗin kai - ainihin hatimin da hatimin zaɓaɓɓu.
Kuma rukunin da aka pinniped ya ƙunshi iyalai 3: ainihin hatimin, hatimin da aka sifa (alal misali, ɗamarar fur da zakoki na teku) da walruses.
2. An yi imanin hatimin cewa ya samo asali ne daga ƙasashen duniya, ɗaukar hoto, ko kuma magabatan magabata.
3. An fassara sunan Latin na hatimi a cikin yarenmu kamar “kadan Guinea alade” (duk da haka, ba kadan ba).
4. Gabaɗaya, akwai kimanin nau'ikan like 33. Ana samun hatiman a yawancin ruwa na duniya, akasarinsu a Arctic da Antarctic, da kuma wasu yankuna na wurare masu zafi.
5. Dangane da yanayin halittar dabbobi, akwai jinsuna 24 na like na gaskiya. Mafi ban sha'awa a cikinsu: hatimin farin rufi, hatimin giwa, hatimin Ross, hatimin crabeater, damisa teku, hatimin weddell, hatimin da aka sassaka, hatimin gama-gari, hatimin wucin gadi, hatimi hat, hatimi hatimi, hatimi.
Rufin Harbor
6. Alamar gama gari tana da ƙananan fannoni guda huɗu (dangane da mazaunin su.) Suna zaune ne a duk faɗin arewacin Arctic: a gefen Arewacin Amurka, Scandinavia, a arewacin Rasha.
7. Wasu rukunin asusu na yau da kullun suna cikin haɗari saboda wa'azin su.
8. Yawan zazzabi ya zama ya danganta ne ga namiji ko mace. Mata suna rayuwa fiye da maza, a matsakaita, tsawon rayuwar su shine shekaru 35, maza, alas, suna rayuwa a matsakaicin shekaru 10 ƙasa - shekaru 25.
9. Matsakaicin hatimi na da fadi sosai, zamu iya cewa wannan shine duk duniya. Gaskiya ne, da aka ba rayuwar rayuwar marubuta, duk suna rayuwa a gefen tekuna da tekuna. Yawancin nau'in waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa ne a cikin latitude na Arctic da Antarctic, inda saboda kitsen ƙyalli suna jure sanyi a can.
10. Akwai kuma hatimin, kamar hatimin dodon ruwa, waɗanda suke zama a cikin Bahar Rum mai ɗumi. Haka kuma, ire-iren nau'ikan hatimi, irin su hatimin Baikal, suna zaune a cikin layukan ruwan na nahiyoyin.
Sealan hatimi hat
11. pan hatimin hatimi - ɗayan hatimin arewa, wanda yake rayuwa a bakin tekun Greenland. Sun bambanta da sauran nau'ikan hatimin a cikin yanayin halayyar su: kawai suna da sutura mai launin shuɗi, baki ɗaya, da kuma layin fararen fata mai launin fata wanda ke shimfidawa daga kafadu a ɓangarorin biyu.
12. sealarfin hat ɗin yana da ɗan ƙarami - tsawon jikinsa shine 170-180 cm, nauyi - kilogiram 120-140.
13. Seals, ban da nau'ikan iri, ba su da isnadi ɗaya na jima'i, wato, maza da mata suna da kama ɗaya (kawai hatimin da aka rufe da hatimin giwa suna da maza da keɓaɓɓen “ado” a fuskokinsu). Amma game da al'aura, hatiman, kamar sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa, sunaye cikin fatar fatar ba a bayyane.
14. Bayyanin hatim ɗin ya kasance ne saboda yanayin rayuwarsu ta ruwa. A bangare guda, insasussuwan, waɗanda suka ba da suna ga kowane nau'in - "pinnipeds", sun juyar da waɗannan matsanancin girgizar ƙasa, zuwa kyawawan masu iyo. A gefe guda, hatimi, ba kamar whales da dabbobin ruwa ba, ba su rasa alaƙa da ƙasa ba, inda kowa ma ya yi lokaci mai yawa.
15. Zakin teku na iya kasancewa a ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa awanni 2 a zurfin mita 1,500. Kuma like ya shafe sama da watanni shida a cikin teku don neman abinci.
Damisawar Tekun
16. An sanya damisa ta teku bayan gurbataccen fatarta da halayyar sa, a tsakanin hatimin nan ana ganin wannan nau'in mafi hatsari da tashin hankali. Musamman, damisa na teku ba sa ƙin kai hari ga ƙaramar hatimin sauran nau'in, amma maganin da suka fi so shine penguins.
17. Girman rafin teku ya fi na sauran nau'ikan seals, wanda bai kai girman giwayen teku ba, tsawon jikinsa na iya kaiwa tsawan mita 4 tare da nauyin kilo 600. Tana zaune a bakin tekun Antarctica.
18. Seals suna da darkowa da jinkiri a kan ƙasa, domin lokacin da suke motsawa suna dogara ne akan goshinsu da hanjinsu, yayin da ƙafafunsu na dama kawai suna jan ƙasa. Haka kuma, idan aka ba su babban ɗakin ɗobin hatimi, yana da wahala a gare su su motsa ƙasa. Amma da zarar cikin ruwa, an canza hatim ɗin gaba daya, daga jinkirin da rashin hankali wanda ke halayyar su akan ƙasa, babu alama - a cikin ruwa zasu iya isa da saurin tafiyar zuwa kilomita 25 a sa'a guda. Kari akan haka, hatimin suna da kyau kwarai, masu iya zurfin zurfin zuwa zurfin mita 600.
19. Gaskiya a karkashin ruwa, hatimin za su iya wuce minti 10, a cikin wannan lokacin samar da iskar oxygen wanda ke cikin jakar iska ta musamman (a jikin fatar hatimi) ta ƙare kuma dole ne su dawo ƙasa.
20. Siffar jikin hatimin tana da tsawo kuma tana yaduwa, wuyan gajere ne kuma lokacin farin ciki, an sa masa kambin shugaban hatimin, wanda yayi kankanta sosai amma yana da kwanyar kwance. Foƙarin sutturar hatimi suna da hannaye da ƙafa sosai.
Khokhlach hatimi
21. Ruffiyar da aka rufe tana zaune a cikin Arctic, akasarin bakin tekun Arewacin Amurka, Greenland. Ya bambanta da sauran hatiminsa a cikin launinsa masu launi.
22. An rufe jikin hatimin gajerun gashi mai kauri, wanda a bangare guda baya hana motsi a karkashin ruwa, a gefe guda kuma yana kiyaye mai shi daga sanyi. Hakanan, ajiyar kitsen mai ƙarƙashin asirin da aka tara daga walƙun don hunturu yana kare hatimin daga mura. A zahiri, wannan kitse na bututun mai yana ɗaukar aikin thermoregulatory, yana ƙyale dabbobi su jure tsananin zafin Arctic da Antarctic sanyi. Launin yawancin nau'ikan like na launin toka ne ko launin ruwan kasa; wasu nau'ikan suna da fasalin launi.
23. Seals shine magabatanta, kuma babban tushen abincinsu shine rayuwar rayuwar marine: kifi, kifin kifi, kifayen bakin teku, gwanaye. Irin waɗannan manya-manya, kamar damisa, ba za su kula da cin amanar ƙasa ba.
24. Shekarun mataccen hatimin ana iya tantance shi da yawan da'irori a gindin tsummokinsa.
25. Seals kamar mutane na iya yin kuka, duk da haka, ba kamar mu ba, ba su da glandar lacrimal.
Seal Aure
26. An ba da sunan bidan wanda ake zargi da suna Burtdell mai binciken jirgin ruwa na Ingila Sir James Weddell, tsohon kwamandan binciken balaguro zuwa tekun Weddell, lokacin da Turawa suka fara gano wannan nau'in hatimin.
27. Daga cikin sauran hatimi, tambarin weddell ya fito fili don kwarewarsa ta nutse har ya kasance karkashin ruwa - yayin da wasu sauran giram din da ke cikin ruwa mai zurfi na iya zama bai wuce minti 10 ba, wannan hatimin na iya iyo. Wannan nau'in ɗabi'a shima yana zaune a Antarctica.
28. Kodayake hatiman hatimi na kera bakin tekuna da tekuna, amma, ba kamar sauran dabbobin tsiro ba, suna da garken dabbobi marasa kima. Misali, suna ciyarwa suna hutawa daban, kuma idan akwai hatsari sai sun sanya ido kan halayen 'yan uwansu.
29. Hakanan, hatimin halitta ne mai lumana, ba sa sa husuma a tsakani, sai dai in ban da lokacin mazan, yayin da maza da yawa suka sami mace daya, a cikin irin wannan yanayin hatimi mai son zaman lafiya na iya zama mai tsananin fushi.
30. A gefen ruwa, hatimun ruwa ba su da matsala da jinkiri, saboda haka suna keɓancewa ta musamman kusa da ruwa a kan matattarar ruwa, har idan akwai haɗari, nutsewa cikin ruwa. Hakanan, lokaci zuwa lokaci suna nutsewa cikin ruwa don ganima kuma a nan zamu shiga darasi na gaba.
Buga mai goge goge
31. An sanya sunan hatimin fuskar saboda haka ya daɗe, har ma ga hatimi, da ƙyalli. Tsawon jikin hatimin da ke fuska mai tsawo mita 2.5 kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogram 300. Tana zaune a Arewacin Atlanta: a bakin tekun Greenland, Scandinavia da Iceland.
32. Sunan Ross hatimin mai suna James Ross mai binciken Ingilishi. Wannan karamar karamar tambarin Antarctic ce, jikinta ya kai tsawon mita 2 sannan nauyinta yakai kilo 200. Tana da wuƙaƙƙen wuya a wuya, wanda zai iya ɓoye kansa gaba ɗaya. Wannan nau'in hatimin ba a fahimta sosai, saboda yana zaune a cikin yankuna na Antarctica.
Seal Cub - squirrel
33. Ganima tayi, kuma dukkan nau'ikan, sau ɗaya kawai a shekara. Lokacinsu na dabbar ta hanyar 'yar zamani sukan fara a ƙarshen bazara. A wannan lokacin, ana iya samun sabani tsakanin maza masu gasa, don neman kulawa da mace daya. Wancan, kamar yadda aka zata, a ƙarshen zai zaɓi don dacewar malearfafa mazan.
34. Cutar haihuwar mace tayi shekara guda, bayan haka ne kawai ake haihuwar jariri daya. Gaskiya ne, an haife shi ta cikakken haɓaka da daidaitaccen hatimi. Searancin hatim ɗin suna da fatar fata, saboda haka ana kiransu squirrels. Ba za su iya bi da mahaifiyarsu a cikin ruwa ba, saboda haka galibin lokacinsu suke a bakin ruwa ko kuma kan daskararren kankara mai nutsuwa.
35. Ciyar da hanzari kan nono uwar mai mai wadatar sunadarai, sukan fara girma da girma har sai sun zama manya da suka isa isasshe.
Matattarar hatimi
36. sealafa hatimi ya bambanta da sauran ɗayan hatiminsa a cikin sabon zanen launuka na fari da baƙaƙen furanni. Tana zaune a cikin Bering, Okhotsk da Chukchi Sea. Tsayin jikin mutum na taguwar hatimin shine santimita 150-190, nauyi - kilogram 70-90.
37. Idanun ɗayan hatimi, kodayake babba ne, duk da haka, hangen nesa ba su inganta sosai (kamar yadda, a cikin dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa), dukkan hatim ɗin suna da ƙarfi
38. Koyaya, mara kyau na hangen nesa yana da cikakkiyar ladabi ta hanyar ji da kyau musamman wari, don haka hatimin zai iya dauko kamshi a nesa da mita 300-500.
39. Kuma hatimin suna da abin da ake kira tamtile vibris (ana kuma kiransu "gashin-baki") wanda ake jan ragamar su tsakanin matsalolin ruwa.
40. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wasu nau'ikan like na ruɓi suna da ikon maimaitawa, kodayake an haɓaka shi a cikin su sau da yawa mafi rauni fiye da na kifaye da dabbar dolphins.
Nerpa
41. Nerpa ita ce mafi karancin nau'in hatimi, tsawon jikinta a matsakaicinta shine mita 1.5 kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 100. Amma wannan shi ne, a matsakaita, mafi karami a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin hatimin - hatimin Ladoga, wanda a zahiri yake zaune a cikin Lake Ladoga, yana da tsawon jikin mutum wanda bai wuce 135 cm ba kuma yana nauyin kilo 40.
42. Gabaɗaya, bututun suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai sanyi na ruwan Pacific, Atlanta da tekun Arctic, har ila yau a cikin manyan tafkuna da kuma zurfin tekuna. Ya danganta da mazaunin maza, an rarrabe hanyoyin kamar su Caspian hatimi, Baikal hatimi, Ladoga hatimin.
Elephant
43. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, hatimin giwa shine mafi girman nau'ikan seals, tsayinsa zai iya kaiwa zuwa mita 6.5 tare da nauyin tan 2.5. Hakanan, wasu dukiya tare da giwaye suna ba kawai manyan girma ba, har ma da kasancewar hanci mai kama da zafi a cikin ɗakin giwayen maza.
44. Ya danganta da mazauninsu, an raba giwayen giwaye zuwa kaso biyu: hatimin giwa na arewa na zaune a bakin tekun Arewacin Amurka, kuma hatimin giwayen kudu suna zaune a Antarctica.
45. Seals na iya zama ganima ga sauran maɓuɓɓugar ruwa: sharks, kifayen kifi. Hakanan, hatimin Arctic suna iya fuskantar haɗari a kan tudu a cikin nau'ikan bears da mutane (alal misali, Chukchi tun lokacin da aka fara samun hatimin mabiya).
Yankin Crabeater
46. craararren walƙatar, wanda aka sanya wa suna don sha'awar rarrashi, shine ma mafi girman hatimi a duniya - bisa ga ƙididdigar daban-daban, adadin ya haɗu daga mutane miliyan 7 zuwa 40. Yana da matsakaicin matsakaici don ɗamarar - tsawon jikin - mita 2.2-2.6, nauyi - kilogiram 200-300, yana da wuƙaƙƙen kunci.
47. Wadannan like ɗin suna zaune a Antarctica da kuma tekuna na kudu suna wanke shi, sau da yawa suna son shirya rukunin robobinsu a kan kankara, suna iyo tare da su.
Alama na Monk
48. Babbar rufin biri wataƙila ita ce mafi zafi tsakanin ɗumbin, tunda tana fifita ruwan dumi na tsibirin Bahar Rum, Hawaiian da Caribbean, inda a zahiri take zaune, ga sanyi Arctic da Antarctic mai sanyi. Hakanan, ba kamar sauran hatimi ba, yana da ingantaccen yanki mai zuwa daga cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Tsawon jiki na hatimin bokiti shine mita 2-3 tare da nauyin kilo 250.
49 Rufin dutsen yana da launin toka-mai launin fari da ciki mai haske, wanda a ciki ya karɓi suna na biyu - sealan farin-belllant hatimi. A zamanin da, sufaye ma sun rayu a cikin Bahar Maliya, kuma ana iya samo su a tekun Bahar Maliya na ƙasarmu, amma kwanan nan yawan mutanen waɗannan hatimin ya ragu sosai, a daidai lokacin duk waɗannan kuli-kuli na dodon ruhubani suna cikin jerin littafin.
50. Miyar mahaifiyar ta hatimin mace ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin abin da ya ƙunsa (kitsen abin da ke ciki ya wuce 50%), kawai kifi whales har yanzu suna da ƙima mai madara.
Bayyanar
Waɗannan fasalulluka masu halayen halayen sifan ruhohin mahaifa ne: kwanyar da ke cike da filayen zygomatic (musamman ma tsofaffin mutane) da kuma ɓangaren hancin hanci. Hanyoyin hanci na kasusuwa intermaxillary yawanci basa shiga tsakanin hanci da kasusuwa. Fushin gefen hanci kashin ya zama kashi biyu, hutawa ta hanyar hutu. Fafaren kashi ƙashi yana da tsararren yanki mai tsayi tare da tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki. Ba kamar sauran hatimin hatimin ba, kewayen mabubban birrai suna da haɓakar haɓakar ƙananan ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Akwai manyan abubuwan da ake bi kafin haila. Umsararrakin kararrakin ƙwallon ƙafa yana da ƙananan, triangular a siffar. Bakano auditory meatus ba ya lanƙwasa kamar gwiwa. Hakora na kunci suna kusa da juna kuma, a matsayinka na doka, ba ku da ƙarin haɗari (idan akwai, sun yi ƙanana). Duk kuncin hakora, banda farkon-farkon, tare da asalinsu. Incisors na ciki na ciki suna da asalinsu. Hind ta zana tare da keɓaɓɓun tsakiyar tsakiya da matuƙar matsanancin lobes. Hannun fulawa a kansu ƙananan ƙananan. A kan manyan faifai na gaban, yatsa na farko shine mafi tsawo, sauran a hankali suna raguwa zuwa na biyar, yatsun suna da kyau, suna da fadi. Gashin gashi yana da ƙasa, mai taushi da laushi, mai ɗaure da jiki. Vibrissas suna da santsi, m. Launi na baya yana daga launin toka mai duhu zuwa launin shuɗi mai ruwan-baki, akan ciki ya fi wuta. Chromosomes a tsarin difloma 34. Tsawon jikin wannan nau'in shine 210-250 cm.
Rarraba
A cikin Tekun Bahar Maliya, an samo sifar dutsen har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na ƙarshe da mutane guda ɗaya da ƙananan kungiyoyi suka kashe a kudu maso yammacin gabar tekun Crimea. A yanzu haka, adadi kaɗan daga cikinsu suna zaune a Tekun Bahar Maliya da ke bakin tekun Bulgaria, inda akwai ƙananan garken dabbobi biyu, masu kiwo a Cape Kaliakra da kuma kudu da Burgas. Wasu lokuta, ana samun daidaikun mutane su kasance a gabar ruwan Romania. Wani ɓangare na yawan Bahar Maliya suna zaune a yankin gabar teku na Turkiyya, a fili, akasarinsu yankuna na yamma ne. Ragowar kewayon ya ƙunshi Bahar Rum da tekun Atlantika na Afirka zuwa kudu, a fili, har zuwa bakin Senegal kusan 15 ° C. w. Don haka, wasu ƙananan rukunin mabubban biri sun tsira a tsibirin Samos na Girka, a cikin Tekun Tyrrhenian a tsibirin Montecristo na Italiya, a tsibirin Ilyash-Desertas kusa da Madeira, a tsibirin Tunisiya na Galite da Zembra.
A cikin CIS yanzu ba a samo su ba. A rabin kashi na biyu na karni na 19, an rarraba hatiman mabarnata a gefen yammacin Tekun Bahar Maliya, yankin Crimea, a yankin yammacin gabar teku da kuma gefen iyakar kudu na Crimea. A bayyane yake, binciken da aka samu a gefen tekun kudancin Crimea ya fara ne daga farkon karni na ƙarshe. Dukkanin shari'un tarurruka na zamani na hatimin mabiya addinai a gefen kudancin tekun Caucasus ba abin dogara bane. Daga 1946 zuwa 1951, an lura da lamurra da yawa na kama sarkoki a cikin raga na kamun kifi a yankin arewacin sassan Danube Delta.
An hada wannan kallon a cikin Shafi na II na Yarjejeniyar Berne, Shafi na II na Babban Taron Bonn da Karin Shafi na Kasa da Kasa na CITES. Yiwuwar farfadowa ta fuskar Bahar Maliya, gami da komawa zuwa ga tekun Crimea, idan har akwai yiwuwar zama a ciki da kewayen Opuksky Nature Reserve da Tarkhankutsky National Nature Park, har yanzu.
Babu abokan gaba banda mutum.
Jimlar nau'in halittu zuwa 1976 an ƙaddara su kusan dabbobi 1,000. Ba a san yalwar Tekun Bahar ba, amma da wuya ya wuce dubun dubata. Duk da cewa a gefen tekun Bulgaria an kiyaye hatimi na dodanni ta doka, lambarta ba ta karuwa ba, kuma a yankin Cape Kaliakra ya kai dabbobi 20-30. Raguwar lambobi da kuma ɓacewar ɗumbin ruhohin dutsen a cikin ƙasar tsohuwar USSR shine saboda tasirin cutar ɗan adam, gami da lalata mutane kai tsaye.
Rayuwa & Abinci
An ajiye su a yankin gabar teku kusa da wuraren da mutane ba su da halin, m, sassan da ke cikin tsibirin ko kuma bakin gabar tsibiran dutse. Sau da yawa ana samun mafaka a cikin wuraren ɓarna a cikin koguna. Sun gudanar da rayuwa mai tsayi kuma sun ninka iri ɗaya na gabar teku daga shekara zuwa shekara. Yawancin lokaci yawanci yau da kullun ne. A cikin Bahar Maliya tana ciyar da ruwa ne sauƙaƙe, har zuwa ƙarami - mackerel da anchovies.
Gaskiya Seal
- Girman jikin wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ya bambanta daga kilogiram 40 zuwa tan 2.5, kuma tsawon su zasu iya kaiwa daga mita 1 zuwa 6.
- Seals yayi alfahari da ingantaccen yanayin jin ƙanshi, suna da iya wari a nesa har zuwa mita 500.
- Barcin ɗayan hatimi koyaushe yana da damuwa, sun farka sau da yawa don bincika yankin.
- Waɗannan dabbobin za su iya yin barci a ƙasa da cikin ruwa.
- An yi imanin hatimin ya samo asali ne daga magabatan ƙasa ko kuma irin na magabata (abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da abubuwan da ke faruwa).
- Hannun dabbobi ne ainihin mai mai, kuma ba sa buƙatar mai mai ba kawai don daskarewa ba: hakan yana ba su damar kula da ingantaccen yanayi.
- Lokacin yin ruwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa, zuciyar hatimin ta doke sau 10-15 a minti ɗaya, yayin da a rayuwar yau da kullun ta zama har sau 120 a lokaci guda.
- Ganye ba su cin kifi, amma suna hadiye duka. A cikin matsanancin yanayi - harba cikin manyan guda.
- Gaba ɗaya akwai kusan nau'ikan like 33. Ana samun hatiman a yawancin ruwa na duniya, galibi a Arctic da Antarctica, har ma da wasu yankuna na wurare masu zafi.
- Tsawon rayuwar dan Adam ya dogara da jinsi. Mata suna rayuwa fiye da maza, a matsakaita, tsawon rayuwar su shine shekaru 35, kuma maza suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 10 kasa.
- A kan ƙasa, hatimi ke motsawa a gaban ƙashin baya, yana jan baya, amma a cikin ruwa yanayin ya canza. Idan aka nutse cikin ruwa, hatimai sukan yi amfani da goshinsu azaman zurfin zurfafa, kuma suna ta kafaɗa da ƙashin bayansu.
- Zakin teku, wanda shima yana nufin maƙallan, zai iya kasancewa a cikin ruwa har zuwa awanni 2, yana kaiwa zurfin nisan mil 1.5.
- Ana kiran sabon hatimi squirrel saboda lokacin farin ciki wanda ya rufe kansa da shi.
- Madadin kunnuwa, waɗannan dabbobin suna da rafi na auditory na musamman wanda ke rufewa tare da tsoka ta musamman lokacin da dabbar ta nitse cikin ruwa.
- Hannun hatimai na da ikon kumburin hawaye, koda kuwa ba su da haɓaka kamar dabbar dolphins.
- Har ila yau, akwai hatimin, kamar hatimin dutsen, wanda ke zaune a cikin Bahar Rum mai ɗumi. Hakanan, wasu nau'ikan like, irin su hatimin Baikal, suna zaune a cikin layukan ruwan na nahiyoyi (bayanai masu ban sha'awa game da Tekun Bahar Rum).
- Babban garken dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka sani a duniya shine yawan adon kudanci na arewa, wanda ke zaune a tsibiri biyu a yankin subarctic na Tekun Pacific kuma yana da mutane kusan miliyan 1.5.
- Malearfin maza kawai a cikin dacewar ma'aurata suna da muguwar junan su, amma ainihin waɗannan halittu suna da tausayawa kuma suna kula da danginsu.
- Seals yana da tsawon rayuwar da bai wuce shekaru 30 ba; ana ƙididdige shekarun da adadin da'irori a gindin ƙuggunansu.
- Seals kawo zuriya ba fiye da sau ɗaya a shekara.
- Gashin baki, ko vibrissa, na taimaka wa hatiman kewaya cikin ruwa. Tare da taimakonsu, dabbobi suna tsinkaye ainihin wuraren da ke hana su ci nasara.
- Babban haɗarin zuwa like shine sharks, bears polar, kisa whales da mutane (hujjoji masu ban sha'awa game da kifayen sharks).
- Seaƙƙarfan furƙin wani lokaci suna yin fiye da watanni shida a shekara a cikin teku don neman abinci.
- Saboda lokacin farin ciki mai kazamin sutudiyya, ƙyallen ke da ikon yin tsayayya da matsanancin yanayin yanayin ruwa zuwa -80.
- Mata da maza kusan iri ɗaya ne bayyanar, tunda an ɓoye al'auransu cikin kayan mai.
Bayanin da fasali
Manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa tare da siffar jikin mutum wanda ya dace da salon rayuwa mai ruwa. Yawan wakilan nau'ikan dabbobi daban-daban sun sha bamban, sunada girma daga kilogram 150 zuwa tan 2.5, tsawon jikin yana daga 1.5 m zuwa 6.5 m. Kama iko daban-daban don tara mai a yanayi daban-daban, sannan a cire shi, a canza girman.
Sealaƙar fata a cikin ruwa
Dabba tana bada kwarin gwiwar dabbar da tayi kwalliya yayin da take kan tudu. Babban jiki wanda aka rufe shi da gajeren gashi, babban kauri, ƙaramin kai, flippers. A cikin ruwa sai suka zama kyawawan masu iyo.
Ba kamar sauran pinnipeds ba, hatimin suna riƙe da sadarwa tare da ƙasa, a kan abin da suke ciyarwa muhimmi a rayuwar su. Fusoshin fure tare da gogewa masu haɓaka, ƙafafun suna taimakawa don motsawa a kowane yanayi. A kan tudu, ana tallafa musu da nauyin jiki a kan wata gabar jiki, yana jan baya, wanda yake jan shi a kasa.
A cikin yanayin marine, komai ya bambanta. Seals zai iya isa da sauri har zuwa 25 km / h a cikin ruwa. Dabbobi na iya dulmuya cikin zurfin teku har zuwa mil 600. Siffar tafin kai kamar tana taimakawa wucewa ta cikin ruwa ruwa.
Tsayawa dabba a cikin zurfin da bai wuce minti 10 ba saboda rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen. Dole hatimin ya koma ƙasa don sake cika jakar iska a ƙarƙashin fata don shigarwa na gaba cikin teku.
M gashi yana ɗaukar zafi. Ana samar da isrrindgulation ta hanyar yawan kitse mai ƙyalƙyali, wanda dabbobi ke tarawa lokacin hunturu. Ta wannan hanyar, hatimin jure yanayin matsanancin yanayin Arctic da Antarctic.
Idanun masu shayar da dabbobi masu shayarwa suna bayyana sosai. Shiga cikin hoto neman a sokin, kalma mai hankali kamar ka boye wani abu wanda mutum ya san shi. Hankalin mutane masu kaifin baki ba mai kaifi bane. Kamar kowane dabbobi masu shayarwa, idanun basu cika gani ba. Kamar mutane, manyan dabbobi na iya yin kuka, ko da yake ba su da gemar lacrimal.
Amma sun kamshi kamshin na tsawon mil 500, suna ji da kyau, amma dabbobin basu da isasshen abinci. Riesararrakin firgici, mai kama da farar gashin baki, yana taimaka musu su zagaya tsakanin manyan matsaloli. Ikon echolocation ya bambanta kawai wasu jinsuna. A cikin wannan kwarewar, hatimin suna ƙasa da na dabbobin ruwa, kifi Whales.
Zai yuwu kusan rarrabe namiji daga mace ta alamomin waje a yawancin like. Yin ado kan albarwar maza ya banbanta banbancin giwa da hatimai hatimin. Mace na iya zama mara nauyi a cikin nauyi, amma ba tare da auna yanayi na da wahala ba a iya bambance bambanci.
A launi daga cikin dabbobi ne yafi launin toka-launin ruwan kasa tare da wani burge zane. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a jiki suna warwatse ko'ina cikin jiki. Cubs gaji da kayan daga farkon tsufa. Abokan halitta na ɗamarar ruwa sune kifaye kifaye, kifayen sharks. Dabbobi suna tserewa daga gare su ta hanyar tsalle tsalle. Laraunar Polar tana ƙaunar jin daɗin naman hatimi, amma da wuya ku sami nasarar kama 'yan gudun hijirar.
Hannun hatimai sune iyalan ainihin hatimin kulle, a cikin faffadar ma'ana - duk abubuwan pinnipeds. Waɗannan sun haɗa da nau'ikan 24 waɗanda suka bambanta, amma riƙe abubuwa da yawa gama gari. Yankunan hatimi na tekun Pacific suna da ɗan girma fiye da adadin Atlantika. Amma babban kama ɗaya ya haɗa wakilan duk yankuna. Wasu nau'ikan sune sanannu.
Rufaffen m Ya fi son ruwan tekun Bahar Rum akasin dangin Arctic. Mutane manya sunkai kimanin kilogiram 250, tsawon tsayin jikinsa yakai mita 3. Ga launi mai haske na ciki, ana kiran shi fari-mai amo. A baya, Bahar Maliya sun mamaye mazaunin, an samo hatimin a kan iyakar ƙasarmu, amma yawan jama'a ya ragu. A gefen tekun bahar mai ɗaci babu wuraren shakatawa na dabbobi - an gina komai ta hanyar mutum. An jera dodo a cikin Littafin Rubutu. Mai tausayi hatimi na caribian An riga an riga an yarda da biri a ƙare
Alama na Monk
Hatimi na Crabeater. Sunan dabbobi masu shayarwa suka karɓi kayan abinci. An rarrabe hatimi ta hanyar kunkuntar guntu, matsakaicin girman jikin mutum: matsakaicin tsayin 2.5 m, nauyi 250-300 kg. Makiyan crab suna zaune a Antarctica, tekun kudu. Sau da yawa shirya rookies akan kankara kankara. Mafi yawan jinsunan.
Hatimi na Crabeater
Alamar gama gari. Yana faruwa a wurare daban-daban na arewacin hecticphere: a Rasha, Scandinavia, Arewacin Amurka. Suna zaune a cikin ruwan teku, ba su yi ƙaura. Girman matsakaicin nauyin kilogiram 160-180, tsawon cm 180. Girman launin toka ya mamaye sauran inuwa. Wayarwa ta cutar da dangin.
Rufin Harbor
Sealan hatimi hat. In mun gwada da karami a girman - a cikin tsawon 170-180 cm, nauyi kimanin kilogram 130. An bambanta maza ta launi na musamman - mayafin azurfa, kan baƙar fata, rami mai duhu a cikin sifar mara lafiya daga kafadu.
Sealan hatimi hat
Matattarar hatimi. Shahararren wakilin dabbobi masu shayarwa, "zebra" a tsakanin daskararru. A kan duhu, kusa da bango na baki, shimfidar-zoben da ke da faɗin cm cm 15 Ana samun kaya mai haske yana bambanta maza ne kawai. Bandungiyoyin matan kusan ba sa ganuwa. Sunan na biyu don hatimi shine kifin zaki. Sashin Arewa wanda aka samo a cikin Tatar Strait, Bering, Chukchi, Okhotsk teku.
Matattarar hatimi
Kogin Bahar Maliya. Fata mai ban tsoro, halayyar tashin hankali ya ba da sunan ga mai farautar. Wani dan dan uwan muguntar yana kai hari kan hatimai, amma penguins sune mafi kyawun abincin damisa da damisa. Maƙaddara ta kai tsawon mil 4, wato ɗumbin damisa manya har zuwa kilogiram 600. Yana faruwa a bakin tekun Antarctica.
Damisawar Tekun
Giwa kogi. Sunan yana jaddada girman girman dabba, tsawon 6.5 m, nauyi 2.5 tan, proboscis hanci a cikin maza. Yarjejeniyar ta arewa tana zaune ne a gabar Tekun Arewacin Amurka, ƙananan kudanci - a Antarctica.
Elephant
Zabin teku (lahtak). A cikin hunturu, matsakaicin nauyin dabba mai ciyarwa ya kai nauyin kilogram 360. Babban jikin mutum ya kai mita 2.5. jaarfe jaws tare da ƙananan hakora. Ana kiyaye dabba mai nauyi akan ƙasa kusa da ramuka, a gefen narkewa. Suna zaune shi kaɗai. Halin ƙaunar zaman lafiya.
Kogin zumar lahtak
Rayuwa & Habitat
Ana ganin mafi girman rarrabuwar hatimin a yankuna na polar, a gefen tsibirin Arctic, Antarctic. Wani banbanci shine hatimin dodon ruwa, wanda ke zaune a cikin ruwan dumi na Bahar Rum. Wasu nau'ikan suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa na cikin ruwa, alal misali, a kan tafkin Baikal.
Ba a bayyana hatimin doguwar ƙaura. Suna zaune a cikin ruwan teku, suna iyo a cikin marairaice, suna manne da wuraren dindindin. A ƙasa suke motsawa tare da ƙoƙari, rarrafe, dogaro da kan goshin. Lokacin da suka ji hatsarin, sai su nutse cikin tsutsa. A cikin ruwa suna jin karfin zuciya, kyauta.
Seal dabba ce garke. Cungiyoyin gungun ƙungiya, ko roketies, suna ɓoye a kan iyakar, akan kankara. Yawan garken sun dogara da dalilai da yawa, amma ƙungiyoyi masu yawa waɗanda suke da yawan gaske don ɗumbin ruɓi ba su da halayyar. Mutane ba su da nisa da juna, amma suna hutawa, suna ciyar da kawunansu da kansu. Dangantaka tsakanin su lafiya ce. A yayin yawo, dabbobi suna taimakawa makwabta su rabu da tsohuwar ulu - zube bayansu.
Baikal seals bask a rana shine dangi na seals
Dabbobin da ke kwance akan rookery kamar basu da kulawa. Tsakanin kansu, suna sadarwa tare da ɗan gajeren beep, ko dai kamar quading ko dariya. Aloƙon saƙo a lokuta daban-daban suna da takaddun inton. A cikin garken, muryoyin dabbobi sun shiga cikin wani amo, musamman a gabar tekun, inda guguwar igiyar teku ta doke ta.
Wani lokacin mawaƙin hatimi yana kama da hakora, kukan shanu. Mafi yawan saututtukan murya suna haifar da hatimin giwaye. Alamar haɗarin cike da ƙararrawa, kiran mahaifiyar don ƙarar jariran yana tsayawa, cikin fushi. Intonations, maimaituwa, jerin maimaitawa suna ɗaukar nauyin lafazi na musamman a cikin sadarwar dabbobi.
Barcin hatimi bai da ƙarfi. A doron ƙasa, suna yin taka tsantsan, suna kwance a tsaye na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin ruwa, lokaci-lokaci tashi zuwa farfaɗo don cika aikin iska.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tushen abincin abincin seals shine mazaunan marine: mollusks, crabs, octopuses, squids, manyan crustaceans. Mafi yawan abincin shine kifi: kyafaffen, polar cod, capelin, navaga, herring. Wasu nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da wasu abubuwan jaraba.
Kifi babban abinci don like
Misali, an sanya tambarin cibiyar zane saboda fifikon kifayen na sauran mazaunan ruwa; ga damisa, tebur zai zama magani. Alsaramar hatimilan abincin da aka cinye duk an cinye su ba tare da taunawa ba. Seal - Teku Alkama, ba mai ɗaukar hoto ba game da abinci, saboda haka an tattara duwatsun da suka kai kilogiram 10 a cikin ciki na masu ɗaukar hoto.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Sake haifan ɗamarar maniyyi yakan faru sau ɗaya a shekara. Yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin hatimin suna kirkirar nau'i-nau'i. Auren mata fiye da ɗaya, hatimi ne mai dogon zango, hatimin giwa.
A ƙarshen lokacin rani, lokacin marowata yana buɗewa, lokacin da maza ke gasa saboda hankalin mace. Dabbobin masu ƙaunar zaman lafiya sun zama mayaƙa, har ma da ƙarfin zalunci a kan abokan gaba. Tsarin farawa, tsinkaye yana faruwa a cikin ruwan teku, haihuwar jarirai - a kankara kankara.
Mahaifiyar mace tana kusan kusan shekara guda, daga kwanaki 280 zuwa kwanaki 350. Babyaya daga cikin jariri an haife shi, cikakke, gani, a ƙarshe aka kafa shi. Tsawon jikin jariri kusan 1 m, nauyi 13 kg. Seal cub haihuwa sau da yawa tare da farin fata, lokacin farin ciki Jawo. Amma akwai sabon ɗigon maniyyi ba kawai fararen fata ba, har ma launin ruwan kasa a launi tare da injin zaitun, alal misali, a cikin hares na teku.
Yayin da jariri ba zai iya rakiyar mahaifiyarsa a cikin iyo ba, amma yakan ba da lokaci a kan kankara mai nutsuwa. Matar tana ciyar da yaro da madara mai tsawon wata guda. Sannan ta sake yin ciki. Lokacin da ciyarwar mahaifa ta ƙare, tayi girma farin hatimi ba tukuna shirye don zaman kanta rayuwa.
Hannun furotin, mai zai baka damar rike na wani lokaci. Lokacin jin yunwa yana daga makonni 9 zuwa 12, yayin da dabbar ta shirya balaguron balaguro na farko. Lokacin haɓaka na thean ƙwaya shine mafi haɗari ga rayuwarsu. Matar ba ta da ikon kare jaririnta a ƙasa saboda jinkirin, koyaushe ba sa iya sarrafa ɓoye a cikin ɗakin tsutsa da hatimi.
Matar hatimi tare da ɗan sand
Mahaifiya ta ɓoye jariri a tsakanin kankara, a cikin ramuka na dusar ƙanƙara, don kada kowa ya ga ɗan farin-dabbar dusar ƙanƙara. Amma mace-macen squirrels, kamar yadda suke kira ƙananan hatimai, yana da girma matuƙar saboda farauta. Mutane ba sa barin rayuwar jarirai, saboda ƙaƙƙarfan furcinsu yana ganin sun fi tsada. Abokan gaba a ƙasa sun kawar da nau'ikan kudanci na zaune a cikin yanayin Antarctic. Amma babban abokin gabansu suna ɓoyewa cikin ruwa - kifi ne kifi Whales, ko kisa kifi.
Kiwo na hatimin fure, ya bambanta da nau'ikan hatimai na ainihi, yana faruwa a tsibiran da ke bakin tudu da yankuna na gabar teku. Maza suna kama wuraren da ke ci gaba da tsarewa bayan haihuwar zuriya. Mata suna haihuwar jarirai a doron ƙasa. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i, tare da isowar ruwa, jariri ya rigaya ya iya iyo.
Aredaƙar hatimi a cikin yanayi mai kyau, yana yin kusanci da rookery duk shekara. Balagawar maniyyin mace na faruwa ne da kimanin shekaru 3, maza - a shekaru 6-7. Rayuwar maniyyin mace yana kasancewa cikin yanayi na dabi'a na kimanin shekaru 30-35, maza sunkai shekaru 10 ƙasa. Abin sha'awa shine, ana iya gane shekarun mamacin hatimin ta yawan da'irori dangane da tsintsayen.
Yanayin, yanayin ƙasa, ƙetaren kamun kifi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba yawan dabbobi masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke rayuwa a duniya. Haɓakar ɗamarar hatimi, wanda yake rayuwa tun zamanin da a sararin samaniya, kamar dai yana zagi ne, an gabatar da shi ne ga duniya yau.
Bayyanar hatimi fari-mai kararrawa
Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna dauke da wani kwanyar da ke cike da wurare masu cike zygomatic. Wannan mafi kyawun halayen tsofaffin mutane ne. Hakanan, ana nuna su ta hanyar hancin hanci.
A cikin kasusuwa na intermaxillary, hanyoyin hanci, a matsayin mai mulkin, kada ku haɗa tsakanin maxillary da kasusuwa hanci.Kasusuwa na hanci tare da gefen gaban su sune keɓaɓɓe biyu, waɗanda ke da daraja a cikin zuma. Poarshen gefen baƙin ƙarfe yana da siffar arcuate tare da daraja na tsakiyar tsakiya.
Idan muka kwatanta hatimin bakan da sauran wani hatimin, zamu iya bambance banbancin ƙananan murƙamin, wanda yake haɓaka sosai. Akwai hanyoyin da ake bayar da ƙarfi a can. Meatus auditory meatus bashi da kafa kamar gwiwa. Umsararrakin kararrakin ƙasusuwa masu faɗi uku ne a sifa da ƙarami kaɗan.
Hakora na kunci suna haɗu da juna sosai kuma a mafi yawan lokuta ba su da ƙarin shinge, kuma idan sun kasance, to, ƙananan ƙanana ne. Ban da haƙorien-tushen hakori, sannan duk haƙoran kuncin suna da asalinsu biyu. Abubuwan da ke cikin ciki na ciki suna da asalin sifar.
Sealan farin-farin murɗa kai (Monachus monachus).
'Yan' yatsan Hind suna da faffadan lobes da kuma cikakkiyar daraja ta tsakiya. Abun yatsu a faifai na baya extremelyan kadan ne.
Yatsar farko a kan ƙyallen ta gaban ita ce mafi tsawo, sauran a hankali a taƙaice zuwa yatsa na biyar. Hannun fararen ƙusoshin da ke a gabansa suna da kyau kuma suna da faɗi. Abun gyaran gashi yana daurewa ga jiki, santsi, wahala da ƙarancin ƙasa. Vibrissas suna m a diamita kuma suna santsi.
A baya na hatimin bokitin launin fata yana da launi a cikin kewayon daga launin toka mai duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. Launin ciki yana da haske sosai.
Tsawon jikin mabudin sananniyar yawu ya kama daga 210 zuwa 250 santimita. A cikin tsarin difloma, akwai chromosomes talatin da huɗu.
Jimlar adadin maballan biri a shekarar 1976 an kiyasta kimanin dabbobi 1,000 ne.
Sealsal mai launin bakar fata
Jimlar adadin sifaffen dodanni a shekara ta 1976 an kiyasta kimanin mutane 1,000 ne. Ba a san yawan adadin Tekun Bahar ba, amma mafi yawanci ba ma ƙidaya mutane ɗari ɗaya, suna canzawa cikin tan dubun ɗinbin. Duk da matsayin jinsin da dokar Bulgaria ta bada kariya, adadin adon kuliyoyin biri har yanzu ya yi kadan kuma baya karuwa. A cikin yankin Cape Kaliakra, akwai silar ashirin zuwa talatin.
Haihuwar hatimi na shugabar mata na watanni 10-11. Mata suna ciyar da jarirai na tsawon makonni 6-8.
Dangane da raguwa da lambobi da kuma ɓace cikakkiyar sifa ta ruhu a cikin ƙasar tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, babban dalilin waɗannan shine tasirin ɗanɗano, ciki har da lalata kai tsaye.
Wayarwa da tsarin zamantakewa na farin farin-mai zubin fata
Da alama dabbar ta zama hatimin dodanni da alama a cikin kaka ko a ƙarshen bazara.
Cutar ciki shine watanni goma zuwa goma sha ɗaya. Mata suna haihuwar 'ya mace a ƙarshen bazara ko damina sau ɗaya kowace shekara biyu, amma wani lokacin a shekara. Tsawon lokacin lactati shida ne zuwa takwas. Ya kai ga balaga ya kai shekaru hudu.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.