A Kudancin Amurka, a kan m, rafin dutsen na Andes, dabbobi masu kwalliya suna da rai - raunin tsauni. A cikin wannan mawuyacin yanki, inda da dare zazzabi ya sauka ƙasa baƙi, kuma kuliyoyin Andean sau da yawa suna jira don masu ishara da yawa, dabbobi masu saurin ji suna da wahala.
Duk da m kama zuwa zomaye, whiskeys kasance a cikin tsari na rodents. Girman su bai wuce santimita 40 ba, kuma suna nauyin kilo 1.5.
Abokan 'yan uwansu na kusa su ne chinchillas, wanda viskash ta haɗu da mallakar dangi ɗaya (chinchillas), har da danshi mai kauri da kauri. Wannan wannan fur ɗin ce ta sa dabbobi su mallaki tsaunukan Andes har zuwa nisan mil 5,000, inda yanayin ba a sani ba da dare ba kuma iska mai ƙarfi tana ta bugawa koyaushe. A cikin safiya, sau da yawa zaka ga yadda dabbobi masu bacci suke yin ɗumi da kansu a ƙarƙashin haskoki na rana. Mountais wiskers molt, canza launi da Jawo gashi, dangane da lokacin, daga launin toka to launin ruwan kasa.
Amma idan ka lura da yadda raɗaɗɗen kuka suke gudu tare da kankara, suna tsalle daga dutse zuwa dutse, zamu iya cewa sun zama kamar squirrel: wutsiya guda ɗaya ce mai ruwa, yanayin ƙarfin motsawa. Ko da cougars, ƙwararrun mafarauta na Andes, waɗanda duk masu ƙaddara za su iya yin kishinsa, ba su iya riskar babban mutum da lafiya. Da alama m, jinkirin da mai ƙiba alama ce mai sauƙi ganima. Amma yana da daraja cougar ya kusanci da sauri, kamar yadda ƙungiyar ta fara gudu, tana ɓoye cikin manyan duwatsun dutse. Yayin tserewa, sun isa gudu zuwa 40 kilomita / h kuma suna iya yin tsalle-tsalle 3-mit.
Whiskeys dabbobi ne na jama'a, suna zaune cikin gungun mutane kusan 80. Wannan yana taimaka musu tserewa daga mafarauta. Lokacin da haɗari ya taso, viskasha ya fara murɗa wutsiyarsa kuma yayi sautin halayyar, sanar da dangin sa, kuma kamfanin gaba ɗaya yana cikin sauri don ɓoye. Baya ga cougars da kuliyoyin Andean, wasu mutanen da ke farautar konkoma karãtun fata da nama abokan gaba ne masu hazaka ga sahun tsauni.
Wadannan rodents suna ciyar da abinci ne na shuka. Kuma tun da yake ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne a sami abinci a wurare masu daskararre, tsaunin dutsen yana sadaukar da ranar gaba ɗaya ga wannan aikin.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa whiskash yana da sha'awar tattara wasu ƙananan abubuwa, kyawawan pebbles, fuka-fukai, sharar datti, waɗanda suka tsince a hanya. Sau da yawa a ƙofar abubuwan da suke burgeta mutum na iya lura da tsawan irin waɗannan dukiyoyin. Masana kimiyya ba za su iya bayanin wannan taro ta hanyar amfani da ra'ayi ba, saboda haka zamu iya ɗauka cewa wannan wani nau'in sha'awar kyakkyawa ne, kamar a arba'in, misali.
Chinchilla da wuski
Alfred Edmund Bram "Rayuwar dabbobi" .
Gidan Bita na Karatu na Kasa da Kasa na 188
Alfred Edmund Bram (2 ga Fabrairu, 1829 - 11 ga Nuwamba, 1884), masanin kimiyyar gidan gona na Jamus da matafiyi, a cikin sanannen aikinsa Brehms TierlebenRayuwar Dabbobi sun tara kayan duniya masu yawa akan ilmin dabbobi dabbobin da suke rayuwa a duniya.
Alfred Brem an haife shi ne a Thuringia, a cikin gidan fasto ƙauyen Ludwig Brem, shahararren masanin kimiyyar Turai. Daga farkon sa, karkashin jagorancin mahaifinsa, ya shiga cikin ilimin kimiyya da fasaha musamman abubuwan lura da ayyuka. Da farko, Brem ya shiga Jami'ar Altenburg a Faculty of Architecture (1843), wanda K. Krause ya rubuta a tarihin zane game da Brema: “Duk da haka, bai zabi wannan aikin don kansa ba. Bai ma zama likita ko likitan dabbobi ba, kamar yadda mutum zai zata ... ” Koyaya, a cikin 1847 ya zama masanin dabi'a akan tafiya zuwa Afirka, wanda daga baya ne aka fara aikin kimiyya.
Tafiyar Alfred Bram ya fara ne tun yana dan shekara 17 da shawarar Baron Müller a shekarar 1847 don tafiya kan Afrika zuwa kogin Nilu. Bayan shekaru biyar na yawo a Masar, Nubia da Gabashin Sudan, ya koma Jamus ya yi karatun kimiyyar halitta a Jena da Vienna. Ya buga tsoffin littattafai a cikin mujallu kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Orungiyar Ornithological Jamusawa.
IYALAN CHINCHILLA - (Chinchillidae).
(Chinchillidae) - smallan ƙaramin dangin garkuwar garkuwar jini, gami da halittu guda 3 da halittu 6.
Kawai kwanan nan da wakilai na wannan karamin dan dabbobin Amurka suka zama sananne sosai, fatansu wanda 'yan asalin Kudancin Amurka ke amfani da su tun zamanin da, kuma daga ƙarshen karni na karshe an kawo su cikin Turai da yawa. Jikinsu sanye da farar riga, ya fi na sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa kyau. Launin Jawo mai launin toka mai haske tare da fari da baki-mai-baki ko shuɗi.
Duk chinchillas suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka kuma mafi yawa a cikin tsaunuka a tsayi mai tsayi, tsakanin dutsen da ke ƙasa da layin dusar ƙanƙara, jinsuna ɗaya kawai suke zaune a cikin ƙananan tuddai. Suna zaune cikin kogon halitta ko ɓoyayyiyar da suka haƙa. Dukkansu masu son jama'a ne, wasu suna zama cikin dangi a cikin kogo guda. Gujewa, kamar hares, haske, suna bayyana ne a maraice ko da dare. Wadannan dabbobi ne masu sauri, agile, dattako da mara kunya, a cikin motsin su sune rabin zomaye, rabin bera. Ji daga gare su, a fili, shine mafi haɓaka ji. Ilimin hankali yana da sakaci. Tushen da lichens, kwararan fitila da haushi, da 'ya'yan itatuwa, sune suke cin abincin su. Sake bugun yana da ƙarfi kamar na ƙanƙara. Suna iya jure da wuya cikin bauta kuma suna jin daɗin tsabtarsu da kuma sauƙin rauni. Wasu nau'in suna da lahani ko, aƙalla, ba haushi, masu haƙa ƙasa, amma duk suna da amfani tare da naman da fur.
Shortchi Chinchilla (Chinchilla brevicaudata)
Guda biyu ne kawai na ire-iren waɗannan dabbobi an san su: ɗan gajeren chinchilla (Chinchilla brevicaudata) da kuma yaren chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). Na farko ya kai tsawon 30 cm, wutsiyarsa tsawon cm 13, kuma tana da gashi 20 cm, Daɗaɗɗa, bakin ciki, matattara mai taushi mai banƙyama a bayan da gefuna ya ƙunshi gashi sama da 2 cm tsayi, gashi a tushe shine duhu mai haske-mai launin toka, an kuma rufe shi da manyan fararen zobensa, da duhu mai duhu a ƙarshensa. Godiya ga wannan, launi gaba ɗaya yana da kamar azurfa tare da rufin duhu. Murmushin ƙafafu da ƙafafunsu fararen fata ne, wutsiya tana da ratsi mai duhu biyu a saman, gashin-baki a tushe mai launin baƙi ne, launin toka-baki a goshin, manyan idanu bakuna ne.
Tuni a lokacin Incas, Peruvians da aka yi da kyakkyawan siliki chinchilla ulu sun yi zane da sauran kayayyaki masu kama da waɗanda suke da amfani sosai, kuma masu marubutan kamar Acosta da Molina suna ba da cikakkun bayanai, ko da yake ba gaba ɗaya gaskiya bane, kwatancen wannan dabba mai mahimmanci masana'antu. A cikin karni na karshe, fatalwa ta farko sun bayyana a cikin Turai a matsayin mai ƙarancin ruwa a duk Spain, yanzu sun zama kayayyaki na yau da kullun. Kasuwancin Fur 'sun san nau'ikan gargajiya na biyu na chinchillas a baya fiye da likitocin dabbobi. Bennett kawai a cikin 1829 ne Bennett zai iya ba da cikakkiyar bayanai game da wannan dabba bayan ya samo shi a raye kuma ya dube shi na dogon lokaci a Ingila. Amma har yanzu tarihin halitta na chinchillas a wurare da yawa duhu ne sosai.
Matafiyi wanda ya hau zuwa Cordillera daga gabar yammacin yammacin Kudancin Amurka, wanda ya kai nisan mil 2000-3000 sama da matakin Meria, yawanci zai lura tsawon mil cewa dukkan duwatsun suna dauke da chinchillas da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan dan guda guda.
* Akwai alawar buhun dutse kamar (Lagidium). Dukansu chinchillas da whiskeys na dutse ba da wuya su haƙa ramukarsu ba, sun gwammace su nemi mafaka a cikin ɓarna a ƙarƙashin manyan duwatsun.
A Peru, Bolivia, da Chile, waɗannan dabbobin yakamata su zama gama gari, kamar yadda muke koya daga matafiya waɗanda suka ɗora dubban dabbobi cikin kwana ɗaya. A ranakun haske, zaku iya ganin yadda chinchillas ke zaune a gaban ramukarsu, amma ba a gefen rana na dutse ba, amma koyaushe cikin inuwa mai zurfi. Ko da sau da yawa za ka lura da su safe da maraice. Daga nan sai su farfado da tsaunuka da kuma musamman maudaddun tsaunukan dutse da kanana, inda akwai ciyayi mafi tsada. A bayyane yake, yana kan cikakke dutsen da suke yawo da ci gaba da sauri da kuma tsabta. Da sauƙi mai ban mamaki suna hawa zuwa nan da nan tare da tsaunin dutse wanda babu abin da za ku dosa. Suna tsafin mita 6-10 tare da irin wannan datsewa da saurin sa mutum zai iya bin su da idanunsu. Dukda cewa basa da kwarjini musamman, amma basa barin ka kusanta da kuma bata lokaci, kai tsaye kana nuna cewa kana son binsu. Wani dutsen da aka rufe shi da daruruwan dabbobi ya zama fanko ya mutu a daidai lokacin da aka harbe su. Kowane chinchilla yana hanzarin ɓoye shi cikin wani abin dutsen sai ya ɓace a cikin, kamar dai da sihiri yake ɓoye idanunsa. Yayin da yaudarar duwatsun ke yaduwa, duk da haka yawanci chinchillas ya mamaye su, tunda shine fasa, daskararru da voids tsakanin duwatsun da yake basu mafaka. Wani lokacin ma yakan faru da matafiyi wanda ba tare da aikata wani laifi ba ga waɗannan dabbobin, wanda ya hau kan tuddai, waɗannan mazaunan duwatsu suna kewaye shi. A hankali duwatsun za su fara rayuwa, daga kowane tsage, kowane guntu, da kai yake fita.
* A cikin lokutan da Brem ya bayyana, an samo chinchillas a cikin mazauna kusan 100 ko fiye. Saboda kamun kifi da ba'a sarrafa shi ba, lambobin su sun ragu, amma yanzu suna murmurewa sabili da matakan kariya.
Mafi mashahuri da gullible chinchillas kuskure ya kusanci kuma, a ƙarshe, tsoro ba gudu karkashin ƙafa na kiwo kiles. Ganinsu yana wakiltar wani irin tsalle maimakon yin tafiya, amma yana kama da motsi na berayen mu. Suna hutawa, suna zaune a bayan fage, suna jan kafafunsu na gaba zuwa kirji suna miqa wutsiya baya, amma zasu iya tashi da kafaɗa bisa kafafunsu na kafaɗa har tsawon lokaci a cikin wannan matsayin. Lokacin hawa, dukkan hudun hudun da ke sama suna hango abubuwan da ke cikin duwatsun, kuma ƙaramar ugharfin ta ishe su su riƙe ta ƙarfi. *
* Toarfin hawa da tsalle (cikin bauta a chinchilla na iya tsalle tsalle daga bene zuwa kafadar mutum) shine yafi zama abin mamaki saboda ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙugu suna da ƙanana da rauni, kuma yatsunsu a gajeru kuma mara nauyi ne.
Dukkan masu lura da al'amuran sun nuna cewa wannan dabba tana da ikon farfadowa har ma da mafi yawan hamada da bakin tudu kuma a lokaci guda tana nishadi da nishadantar da mutumin da yake tafiya shi kadai a wadannan tsaunuka.
Babu takamaiman bayani game da haihuwar chinchilla, kodayake an yada shi a cikin lambun dabbobi na London. An samo mata masu juna biyu a cikin mahaifarsu a kowane lokaci na shekara kuma koya daga mazaunan cewa adadin san uwansu ya kama daga 4 zuwa 6, ƙarin cikakkun bayanai babu. Cubs sun zama masu zaman kansu, da zaran sun iya barin fasa duwatsun da suka fara ganin haske, kuma tsohuwar mace, a fili, daga lokacin da aka sake ta, ta daina kula da 'yayanta.
* Duk da cewa suna zaune a cikin mazauna, chinchillas suna da auren mace ɗaya, tare da mace sun fi girma kuma sun fi ƙarfin maza fiye da mazaunan mamaye matsayi. A cikin shekara guda, yawanci akwai brood 2 (ƙasa da sau 1 ko 3) na 2-3 (har zuwa 6) gani, saurayi, yana da cikakken hakora.
Suna sabawa a gida, har yanzu suna da wuya a Turai. A cikin 'yanci, chinchilla yana cin ciyawa, tushen sa da gansakuka kuma yana amfani da gaban sa don kawo abinci a bakin shi.
A cikin tsohuwar zamanin, an samo chinchilla, sai su ce, ga teku a kan kowane tsauni kamar yadda yake a yanzu. A halin yanzu, ana haɗuwa a kan ƙananan tsaunuka kawai a cikin nau'in samfurori na mutum. Rashin azabtarwar da ta tilasta wa mace saboda cutar da fata ya jefa ta cikin tsauni. An daɗe suna farauta haka tun zamanin da har yanzu ma suna amfani da kusan hanyoyin iri ɗaya kamar na baya. Turawa kuwa, wani lokacin, sukan kashe ta da bindigogi ko daga kibiyoyi, amma wannan farauta tana ba da sakamakon da ba za a iya dogara da ita ba, domin idan ba ku shiga cikin chinchilla ba har ya mutu nan take, to, yana ɓoye a ɗayan ɓarnain dutsen kuma ya ɓace wa mafaraucin. Hanyar farauta da Indiyawan ke amfani da shi ya fi abin dogara. Sun sanya madaukai da aka yi da kyau a gaban duk wani abin da dutse da zasu iya kaiwa, washegari kuma sai su cire chinchillas da suka fada cikin wannan tarko. Bugu da kari, Indiyanwan na matukar son kaunar da muke amfani da ita don zomaye. Sun san yadda ake horar da weasel ɗin da horar da su don farauta, sai su yi kamar yadda mafarautanmu ke da mayuka, ko kuma sun ba da izinin cire dabbar da aka kashe a cikin mashin.
* Doguwar riga, ko fari-taguwar weasel (Mustela frenata) - ƙaramin ɗanɗano, mai kamanni ga ermine, amma ya ɗan fi girma.
Ayyukan al'ajibai sun ambata cewa wani dan kasuwa a cikin Molinos, wuri mafi nisa a cikin jihohin La Plata, ya kasance yana fitarwa da skinsllachi na doki 2000-3000 a shekara, kuma a cikin 1857 kawai zai iya sayar da dozin 600. "Yawancin mafarautan Indiya," in ji shi, "sun koka a gabana na da raguwa sosai a cikin adadin wadannan dabbobin da kuma wahalar karɓar su. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon ci gaba da bin dabbobin da ba su dace da su ba. wani adadin abinci, da ke shirin biya bayan farauta, ya aika zuwa tsaunukan tsaunukan daji na kasar waje domin chinchillas.
* Yanzu chinchillas yana zaune ne kawai a kan dutse mai tsauni a tsawan 3000-5000 m sama da matakin teku.
Anan, waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi suna zaune a cikin kusan ɓarna ko kuwa a ƙasan duwatsu a cikin rami waɗanda kansu suka tona kansu. Suna da matukar ban tsoro, kuma duk wani abu mai ban mamaki ko hayaniya mai ban mamaki da ke tura su da saurin walƙiya cikin mafaka masu aminci idan sun ci abinci a lokacin ko, abin da suke ƙauna musamman, suna wasa da rana a ɗan nesa nesa daga can. Kusa da tsoffin ko sabbin ƙauyuka na chinchilla, wanda mafarauci ya lura da idanun mikiya yayin yawo mai wuya, ya sanya madaukai masu ƙarfi ko kuma tarko mai sauƙi a gaban ƙofofin kuma yana jiran sakamakon, yana ɓoyewa sosai a wani nesa. M chinchillas mai ban sha'awa, lokacin da suka yi la'akari da cewa hadarin ya wuce, da sauri tsalle daga mafakarsu kuma ko dai sun rataye cikin madaukai ko kashe kansu cikin tarko. Indiya ta yi sauri, ta fitar da su kuma saita sake kama kifin. Amma yanzu ya wuce lokaci kafin dabbobi masu tsoro sun yanke shawarar barin gidansu. Sun zauna har kwana biyu a cikin bukkarsu, kafin sake sake sha'awar su fita waje, wanda aka biya su da rayukansu. Abu ne mai sauki ka fahimci cewa Indiya mai haƙuri da haƙuri ana iya ta haka ne ka iya kawar da cikakkiyar masalaha, kuma a ƙarshe, yunƙurin yunƙurin shiga madaukai da na ƙarshe na chinchillas. Ba a harbe su ba, saboda har ma mutane da suka ji rauni sosai suna gudu zuwa cikin gidajensu kuma a wannan yanayin sun ɓace, jini kuma daga raunin da yake sawa gashi ya zama mai laushi sosai har irin waɗannan fatun suka rasa mai yawa cikin kyau da ƙima. Bayan 'yan makonni a cikin Cordillera, maharbar chinchilla ta dawo tare da ganima zuwa Molinos kuma ta karɓi pesos 5-6 na dozin. "
A arewa da tsakiyar Chile, an maye gurbin wani ɗan gajeren chinchilla da wani ƙaramin nau'in (Chinchilla lanigera).
* Babban chinchilla mai gajeren zango yana zaune a Andes na Kudancin Peru, Bolivia da arewacin Argentina. A zahiri chinchilla laniger yana zaune a arewacin Chile.
Dangane da salon rayuwa, wannan nau'in, ga alama, ya yi kama da wanda ya gabata, kuma yana kusanci da shi a bayyanar da launi na Jawo. Amma yana da ƙari kaɗan: tsawon duka yana a mafi yawan 35-40 cm, wanda wutsiya zata mamaye na uku. Dogayen laushi mai laushi a baya 2 cm tsayi, a baya da kuma bangarorin 3. cm launinsa launi ash ne mai launin toka tare da ɗigon duhu, ƙyalli da kafafu suna da launin toka ko shuɗi. A gefen wutsiya, gashi a gindinsa da gangar jikinsa fararen fata ne a tsakiyar launin ruwan kasa-baki, a kasan warin kuma launin ruwan kasa.
Bayan da yawa buƙatu daga masana kimiyyar halitta, an aika da kwanyar da yawa zuwa Turai, daga baya kuma dabbobin da ke rayuwa, duk da cewa matafiya na ɗan lokaci suna ambatar chinchillas. *
* A halin yanzu, kiwo na chinchillas a kan gonaki kamar yadda aka kafa dabba mai fur a duk faɗin duniya, lambobin dabbobi sama da mutane miliyan ɗaya, ana fara kiwo, an samar da kiwo da launuka iri iri, daga fari zuwa baƙi. Abin takaici, da Jawo na dabbobi dabbobi bayan 1-2 zamaninsu fara yarda da Jawo na daji chinchillas.A cikin bauta, chinchillas ya tsira zuwa shekaru 20.
Haukins, wanda ya buga bayanin tafiyarsa a shekara ta 1622, ya kamanta shi da kankari, yayin da Ovalle ya ce waɗannan dabbobin an same su ne kawai a kwarin Guasco kuma suna da daraja sosai kuma ana binsu saboda kyau. Molina ya gabatar da mu ga wannan dabba a karshen karni na karshe. Ya ce ulu na wannan nau'in tana da kauri kamar zaren yanar gizo, bugu da ƙari, zai iya kasancewa tsawon lokaci. "Wannan dabba tana zaune a karkashin kasa a arewacin Chile, kuma da yardar rai tana riƙe da sauran dangi. Abincinta ya ƙunshi kwararan fitila da tsire-tsire masu bulus, gama gari a waɗannan bangarorin. Tana haihuwar 5anan 5-6 sau biyu a shekara. Ba sa yin ƙoƙarin yin cizo ko gudu idan an ɗauke su, suna zaune a hankali, ko da an ɗora su a gwiwowi, kamar dai ƙyallen kansu ne, kuma suna da alama suna da matuƙar son a buga su. sannan babu wani dalili da zaiji tsoron sanya su datti Kuma suturar ta sa kamshi mara kyau, ba su da wani wari musamman wari kamar sauran beraye .. Saboda haka, ana iya adana dabbobi a cikin gidaje ba tare da wahala ba kuma a araha, da an sake biyan duk sauran kuɗaɗe idan sun yanke gashinsu. wadanda suke da dabara sosai fiye da na yanzu, sun sami damar yin bargo da sauran kayayyaki daga wannan ulu. "
A cikin 1829, an kawo ƙaramin chinchilla da rai zuwa London kuma Bennett ya bayyana shi. Wannan halitta ce mai nutsuwa, wanda, koyaushe, yayi ƙoƙari ya ciji idan yana cikin mummunan yanayi. Ba ta da daɗin gaisuwa, kuma wani lokacin kawai za a iya ganin baƙincinta na baƙin ciki. Ta zauna a kan kafafunsa na baya, amma zai iya tsayawa ya tsaya a kan kafafunsa na baya, ya kawo abinci a bakinta tare da manyan hanunsa. A cikin hunturu, Dole ne in kawo ta a cikin wani daki mai tsananin zafi. Tana ƙaunar hatsi da tsire-tsire masu fure fiye da ganyayyaki masu bushe, waɗanda, akasin haka, manyan chian gajeren gajeren cinye suna cinye su da sauri. Ba za a iya dasa ƙaramin chinchilla tare da babba ba, lokacin da suka yi wannan, mummunan yaƙin ya fara, wanda ƙaramin zai mutu idan ba a rabu da maganan nan da nan ba.
Abubuwan lura da na iya sanya kaina a kan karamin chinchilla a cikin bauta sun kasance daidai da bayanan Bennett. Koyaya, fursuna na jayayya cewa ta fi dare dabbobin da ba dare ba rana. Gaskiya ne, chinchilla zai iya kasancewa a farfaɗo da rana, amma fa idan ta damu. Duk lokacin da ta fita daga karagar gidan kuma ta iya yawo a gidan lokacin da take so, sai ta ɓoye kullun cikin rana, amma ta fi dare ƙarfi.
Amurkawan Kudancin suna da yardar su ci naman duk nau'in chinchillas, matafiya na Turai suna son shi ma, duk da cewa sun ce ba za a iya kwatanta shi da naman kursiyoyinmu ba. Koyaya, ana amfani da wannan naman ne tsakanin wasu abubuwa, babban dalilin farauta shine fata. Chinchillas na babban Cordilleras ana yaba su sosai, a cewar Miracles, tunda gashinsu ya fi tsayi, mai kauri da laushi kuma suna da furfuna da ƙarfi sosai fiye da dabbobin da ke bakin teku, waɗanda fatansu ba su da wata ƙima. A cikin Amurka, yanzu ana yin bel ne kawai daga wannan ulu, fasahar kwararrun masana sun mutu tare da su.
Dangane da Lomer, an bambanta nau'ikan ɓoye biyu a cikin kasuwancin fur: fatalwar manyan kannun masu gajere, masu gashi da fari, da ƙanana mafi ƙanƙancin chinchillas, gajere mai gashi, farashi na farko zuwa 15-25 a kowane, na ƙarshen digiri 1-5 ne kawai. . *
* Ya bambanta da abin da Brehm ya ce, fur ɗin ta fi girma chinchilla mai ƙima ta daraja fiye da fur ɗin chinchilla da kanta, wanda ke ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin tsada a duniya.
Wanda ya fara zuwa kasuwancin a shekara har zuwa 20,000. Bambanci tsakanin fatansu mafi kyawu da mafi ƙarancin fatarar fata suna da ban sha'awa sosai, amma akwai nau'ikan canji, ma'anar wacce ke da wahala ga connoisseur.
Mountain wuski (Lagidhtm) suna da kunnuwan da suka fi tsayi, wutsiya rufe gashi mai laushi a duka faffadanta, kafafu hudu da kuma gashin baki mai tsayi. *
* A lokacin Brem, ana kiran waɗannan dabbobin fusaha. Mountais whisis (Lagidium) suna zaune a yankuna na kusan dabbobi 80 a cikin busassun dutse, yankunan ciyayi marasa kyau na Andes daga Peru zuwa Patagonia. Ba kamar chinchillas ba, suna da aikin yau da kullun kuma suna kawo cubaya 1 kawai a cikin kowane zuriyar dabbobi.
Dangane da tsarin hakori, chinchillas da viskashas suna da kusanci da juna, kusan sun yi kama da juna a salon rayuwa. Zuwa yau, nau'ikan whiskeys na dutse biyu ne kawai sanannu ne waɗanda ke sananne cewa suna zaune ne a cikin tsaunin Cordillera kusa da kan iyakar wutar wutar dusar kankara a nisan mil 3000 zuwa 5000 sama da matakin teku.
* Yanzu akwai nau'ikan viskas guda uku.
Suna da tsada da tsada kamar chinchillas, suna nuna kaddarorin iri ɗaya kuma suna ciyar da ƙari iri ɗaya ko ƙasa iri ɗaya. Na nau'ikan biyu, daya yana zaune a yankin plateaus na kudanci na Peru da Bolivia, ɗayan - ɓangaren arewacin Peru da Ekwado.
Viskasha ta kasar Peru (Kasuwancin Lagidium).
Dabba yakai girman da kuma bayyanar zomo, kawai kafafun sa na tsayi sun fi na zomaye na hakika dogo, kuma dogayen wutsiya baya bada izinin kwatantawa da wutsiyar zomo. 'Yan kunnuwan su kusan tsawon 8 cm ne, bakinsu na waje yana wani danne danne ciki, an gama zagaye shi, a waje ana rufe su da ulu, daga ciki kusan tsirara ne, gefen kuma yayi kyau sosai an dasa shi da gashi. Jawo yana da taushi da daɗewa, gashi, in banda 'yan duhu, fararen fata ne a ƙasan, a saman farin-bakin hade da launin shuɗi. A sakamakon wannan, Jawo yana karɓar launin toka mai launin toka, wanda a ɓangarorin ya ɗan ɗanɗano wuta ya koma launin rawaya. Wutsiya daga ƙasa da a gefenta an zaunanta tare da gajerun gashi, fari da baki, har zuwa ƙarshen ya zama baki ɗaya, daga sama gashin yana da launin shuɗi-baki, mai tsawo da ƙarfi. Musamman abubuwan bugewa sune dogayen mustakes da suka kusan kai ga kafadu. *
* Cikakke gashin-baki wanda ba a saba gani ba shine halayen dukkan mambobi ne na dangi.
Wataƙila waɗannan fatun da suka shigo fatauci a ƙarƙashin sunan "chinchillons" sun fito daga wannan dabbar. Lallai ba su da wata ƙima yayin sakaci; hundredaruruwan ɗaruruwan mutane ke faɗuwa kowace shekara zuwa Turai.
Ain wuski (Lagostomus maximm) ya fi kama da chinchilla fiye da hayaniyar tsauni. *
* Plain viskasha baya kama da chinchillas da viskash na dutse. An samo shi ba kawai a cikin filayen ba, har ma a ƙananan tsaunuka, a kan tuddai na tsauni har zuwa 2600 m.
Jiki yana da tazara tare da gajeren hancin da yaduwa mai ƙarfi, kafafu na gaba gajere ne da yatsu huɗu, kafaɗun kafaɗa masu ƙarfi sun ninka su biyu da yatsun hannu uku. Shugaban yana da kauri, zagaye, shimfiɗa a saman, kuma mai kumbura a bangarorin, gajeriyar magana da taushi. An bambanta gashin baki a kan lebe da cheeks ta taurin kai na musamman, sun fi kama da karfe fiye da yadda ake yin kaho, suna da babban karfi kuma za su ringi idan ka rike wani abu. Kusan babu komai, kunkuntar, kunnuwa mai kaifin baki na girman matsakaici, idanu mai fadi ba manyan su bane, hanci da ya rufe ulu da lebe mai zurfi ya hade sauran fasali na kai. Lowerasan gefen kafafunsa na gabansa an rufe shi da ulu, kuma kodirin callosum shima tsirara ne a baya, ƙananan gefen gaban gaban, sabanin haka, tsirara ne gabaɗaya. Hannun gajeren zango da aka zagaye da gashi mai taushi sune hannayen kafafu na gaba, kuma ya fi tsayi da ƙarfi daga cikin kafafun hind. An rufe jikinta da tsananin furfura, a saman fuska tana kunshe da rarraba launin toka da baki, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa baya dawo da duhu. Shugaban yana da launin toka fiye da gefan jikin, falle mai fadi wanda ya shimfiɗa a saman ɓangaren maƙarƙashiya kuma tare da kumatunku fararen fata, wutsiya tana rufe da datti fari da launin ruwan kasa, duka ƙasan kafafu da na cikin ƙafafunsu fari. Koyaya, akwai wasu lokuta karkacewa daga wannan launi. Ga waɗansu, baya yana da launin shuɗi-baki tare da baƙiƙar baƙi, ƙananan gefen fari fari, a kan kunci mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, maƙarƙashiya baƙar fata ce, wutsiyar fata ce mai launin shuɗi. Tsayin jikin mutum 50 cm, tsawon wutsiya shine 18 cm. *
* Yawan taro na manya zai iya kaiwa kilo 7. Matsakaicin nauyin chinchillas da dutsen wuski shine -1.6 kg.
Plain viskasha ya maye gurbin danginsa a cikin dangi a gabashin gabashin Andes, a halin yanzu an rarraba yankinsa na pampas, daga Buenos Aires zuwa Patagonia. Har lokacin da nadin ƙasa ya motsa har zuwa yanzu, an same shi a cikin Paraguay. Inda har yanzu ya kasance, an samo shi da adadi mai yawa. A wasu wuraren akwai da yawa daga nata wanda dukkan garken za su zauna a gaɓoɓin hanya, amma wannan yakan faru ne da dare.
Yankunan da suka fi kowa ɓoye kuma wuraren hamada sune suke zama a inda take, amma tana zuwa duk wuraren da ake nomawa, matafiya mata sun san cewa idan akwai yawan viskacheras, wato, mazaunin wannan dabbar, yana nufin cewa wuraren zama na Spain suna kusa.
Viskasha yana zaune akan filayen bushewar ƙasa da manyan filayen ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa da wuraren tono a ƙasa mai zurfi a ƙasa, mafi yawan son rai kusa da tsirrai ba nesa ba daga filayen. Burrows zauna tare kuma ana zaune tare tare. An sanye su da hanyoyin da ba za a iya yin amfani da su ba da kuma shinge don tserewa kuma ciki sun kasu kashi biyu, ya danganta da girman dangin da suka zauna a nan. Yawan 'yan uwa na iya zuwa 8-10, amma a wannan yanayin, wani ɓangare na yawan jama'a suna barin tsohuwar mazaunin kuma sun kafa sabon, da yarda su zauna kusa da tsohuwar.
* Yawanci, viscacheras yana ɗaukar fili game da 600 m2 kuma yana da kusan ramuka 20 har zuwa 200 m tsawo da kuma ƙofar zuwa 1 m a diamita. Yawan yawan viskacheras dabbobi 20-30 ne, saurayi mai girma "yana jagora" shi. Godiya ga ejections na duniya daga tsarin burrow, an tayar da yankin mulkin mallaka 50-80 cm sama da ɗakin kwana na famfo.
Yana faruwa sau da yawa cewa mujiya ta kogon dutse ta zo nan ta cinye gidan wani ko wata. Tidy whiskeys bata yarda da kasancewar wani abokin zama wanda bai damu da umarnin ba gwargwadon abin da suke yi, kuma nan take barin idan ɗaya daga cikin baƙin ya tsokane su da tsarkinsa.
* Dabbobi da yawa suna zaune a cikin roko. Yawancin masu sufurin sun mallaki abubuwan da aka riga aka bari kuma ba su da lahani ga mazauna, dawakai da macizai suna yin barazana.
Saboda wannan, wani lokacin ana yin ƙasa a cikin sararin murabba'in mil. Duk dangin sun kwana a kullun, suna ɓuya a wani mahalli, a faɗuwar rana lokacin da aka nuna dabba guda, wani, kuma tare da farkon yamma, babbar jama'a ta taru a gaban ƙofar. Yana bincika a hankali ko komai yana da natsuwa, kuma yawo cikin gidaje na dogon lokaci kafin ya tafi neman abinci. A wannan lokacin, zaku iya ganin yadda daruruwan waɗannan dabbobin ke wasa a tsakanin su, kuma suna jin nesa mai ɗanɗano, kamar alade. Idan komai ya kasance cikakke, to jama'a na neman abinci, kuma duk abinda za'a iya ci shine ya dace dashi, komai ya wuce. Dabbobin ciyawa, asalinsu da haushi, hakika, sune babban ɓangaren abincin, amma idan akwai filaye a kusa, to dabbobi suna ziyartarsu kuma suna haifar da abubuwan ɓacin rai a can. A cikin juyawa zuwa makiyaya, suna kuma da matukar taka tsantsan: hakan ba ya faruwa da suka manta kare kansu. Daya bayan daya, whiskey ya hau kan kafafunsa na baya, a hankali suna saurare da takwarorinsu cikin duhun dare. A mafi karancin amo sai su gudu da sauri, suna yin babbar murya, suna rugawa zuwa makabarta, tsoronsu ya yi yawa har suka yi ihu har suka yi amo idan sun riga sun isa gidan lafiya.
* Whiskey koyaushe yana kiyaye sadarwa a cikin ƙawancen tare da siginar sauti. Abubuwan da suke fitarwa suna da arzikin gaske.
Ta hanyar motsin su, wuski yana cikin hanyoyi da yawa masu kama da zomaye, duk da haka, sun fi ƙasa da su a cikin sauri, duk da cewa sun fi daɗi, da nishaɗi kuma sun fi karkata zuwa wasanni. Suna zuwa makiyaya, suna birgima kusan ci gaba da juna, da sauri suka ruga a guje, suna tsalle da juna.
* Whiskey yana gudu da sauri 40 km / h, na iya yin tsalle-tsalle mai mita uku. Yawancin lokaci dole ne su yi kiwo nesa da wurin viskacheras, tun da daɗewar aka ci ciyawar da ke kusa da shi, kuma suka ruga da gudu zuwa wani rami cikin haɗari, suna yin kaifi mai kaifi.
Sukan kwashe abubuwan da suka same su yayin fita zuwa makiyaya suna sanya su cikin tari mai ban sha'awa a gaban ƙofar, kamar dai waɗannan abubuwan zasu iya zama abin wasa a gare su. Kasusuwa da gidaje ana huɗa su a gaban ramuka, saɓo na saniya da abubuwan da ba mutane da haɗari suka rasa waɗanda basu kawo fa'ida ga dabbobi ba, kuma gaucho, da ɓacewar wani abu, je zuwa viskarasaras mafi kusa don neman abin da ya ɓace a wurin. Dabbobi a hankali suna cire duk abubuwan da ba dole ba daga gidajensu. Shin ba a san ko sun tattara hannun jari lokacin hunturu ba don ciyar da su a lokacin mawuyacin lokaci na shekara ba tukuna, aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin masanan kimiyyar. Muryarsu wani baƙon abu ne, mai ƙara, kuma baƙar fata ce ko kuma gurnar da ba za a iya bayyana ta ba.
Game da haifuwa har zuwa yau, ba abin da aka san abin dogara ba. Ana cewa mata suna haihuwar sa 2-4an 2-4 waɗanda ke girma a cikin watanni 2-4. *
* A cikin shekarar akwai guda ɗaya (a arewacin yankuna - biyu) brood a watan Yuli - Agusta. Cutar ciki tana ɗaukar watanni 5, yawanci sa cuban 2 masu haɓaka a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. A zaman talala, Viskash ya rayu shekaru 10.
Goering gani daya kawai cub a tsohon viskashas. Ya kasance koyaushe yana kusa da mahaifiyarsa. Tana kulawa da shi da ƙauna mai girma da kariya yayin haɗari. Idan kuka kama yaran kuma suka aikata su, sun zama sun shahara kuma suna da sauƙin riƙewa, kamar zomayenmu. A wasu wurare ana samun su a cikin lambunan dabbobi na Turai, wuski, wanda aka adana a cikin Lambun Frankfurt, ya kasance, a cewar Gaake, koyaushe rigakafi ne, baƙar fata, da rarrabewar mugunta.
Wiskash ba shi da wata damuwa game da nama da fata fiye da saboda tono ƙasa. A waɗancan wuraren da suke talakawa, hawan dawakai yana da alaƙa da haɗari ga rayuwa, tunda dawakai galibi suna tursasawa cikin mawuyacin hanyoyin kwance kuma suna matuƙar firgita idan basu faɗi komai ba, jefa mahaya ko ma karya ƙafafunsu.
Ain wuski (Lagostomus maximus)
Daga nesa, 'yan qasar za su gane viskaras daga karamar karamar guna mai zafi wacce dabbobi ke marmarin ci. Wannan tsire-tsire koyaushe ana samun sa inda akwai yawan viskacheras, wanda ke zama alama ta hanyar da za'a iya magance wurare masu haɗari. Suna ƙoƙarin korar Viskash daga wuraren da ke kusa da ƙauyuka ta kowane hali kuma suna amfani da wuta da ruwa don lalata su. Ciyawar da ke kewaye da makabarta tana ƙone, tana hana musu abinci ta wannan hanyar, gidajen sun cika ambaliyar kuma suna tilasta dabbobi su nemi ceto a wajen ɓoye, inda karnukan da ke jira suke kama su nan da nan. Ban da mutane, wannan dabba tana da sauran abokan gaba da yawa. Condor, in ji su, suna farauta ne a duk lokacin da danginsu a tsaunuka, karnukan daji da dawakai suka shiga cikin kawunansu idan suka bayyana a gaban bolaji, berayen kuma sukan shiga har gidajen su, inda yake kaiwa dabbobi. Gaskiya ne, viskasha tana kare kanta gwargwadon iyawarta daga maƙiyinta masu ƙarfi, ta yaƙi da karnuka na dogon lokaci, taƙama da ƙarfi tare da bera, har ma ta gurfanar da ƙafafun mutane, amma menene zai iya ɓarke da ƙarancin maƙiya! Koyaya, duk da waɗannan tsanantawar, yawan wushiryar da wahala fara raguwa idan faɗaɗawar ƙasa ba ta haifar da haifuwarsu ba. Kuma game da wannan, mutum, bayan mallakar ƙasa, ya zama babban maƙiyin wannan dabba.
'Yan matan Indiya sun yi imanin cewa viskasha ta kulle a ramin nata ba zata iya' yantar da kanta ba kuma yakamata ta mutu idan ba dangi ba. Don haka, Indiyawan suna toshe manyan hanyoyin fita daga viskacheras kuma suna ɗaure ɗayan karnukan su a can a matsayin mai tsaro, saboda hakan ba zai ba da damar sauran masu neman mafaka da suke shirye su taimaka wa fursunoni ba har sai Indiyawan su dawo da madaukai da raga a wurin. A zahiri, kukan da ke kulle suna tsoron fita, suna lura da kare a kusa da gidan, Indiya ta kai ga cimma burin ta wannan hanyar.
Indiyawanci suna cin naman viskash kuma suna amfani da fatar jikinsu, duk da cewa tana da ƙima sosai fiye da konkoma karfen halittun da ke sama.
A. Brem "Rayuwar dabbobi"
Editan Farfesa L. M. Nikolsky ne ya shirya shi.Saint Petersburg 1902
Ra'ayoyiK. biol. n M.S. Galina da K. biol. n M. B. Kornilova
Bugawa Gidan M.: OLMA-PRESS OJSC "Red Proletariat" 2004
Americanan ƙaramin dangin chinchillas (Lagostomidae) suna matsayin matsakaici ne na tsaka-tsakin yanayi tsakanin beraye.
* Yanzu ana kiran dangi Chinchillidae.
Wakilai na shi ana iya kiran zomaye tare da dogayen wutsiya. Molar hakora ba tare da tushe ba, tare da bangarori biyu na layi daya na enamel. Jawo yana da laushi, launin toka mai launin fari tare da fararen kaya, baƙi-mai-baki ko shuɗi mai haske. Suna zaune a cikin kogo ko ɓoye cikin duwatsun Kudancin Amurka, suna fitowa ne kawai a yamma. Ta hanyar motsawa, waɗannan sune rabin-zomaye, rabin-mice, mai sauri, raye-raye, ƙazantar, tsoro da ƙiyayya. Dangane da iyawar tunani, dabbobi masu karancin shekaru. Propagate karfi, kamar hares. Suna sauƙaƙe sabawa cikin bauta, masu tsabta. Suna ba da Jawo mai ban sha'awa da nama mai daɗi.
Ana iya bambance chinchillas kansu (Eriomys) da kauri mai kauri, fadi, da zagaye, yatsun fuska 5, da kafa hudu mai kafafu da kuma taushi mai kaushi sosai.
* Halittar chinchillas ana kiranta Chinchilla.
An san nau'ikan biyu: manyan chinchilla (E. chinchilla) da ƙananan chinchilla (E. lanigera). Farkon shine 30 cm tsayi, tare da wutsiya 13, suttura, bakin ciki, Jawo mai taushi mai tsananin kyau yana da bayyanar silvery tare da murfin duhu a saman da kuma farin fari a ƙasa Matafiyi, yana tashi daga yamma zuwa Cordillera, wanda ya kai ƙafa 7-10 dubu ƙafa, ya lura cewa dukkan duwatsun suna rufe da chinchillas. A ranakun haske, masu ƙarshen suna zama a gaban makabartar su, cikin inuwa, tare da saurin su, motsin motsi, farfadowa da bare, ɓatattun dutsen ... Daga kowane ɓoye, daga kowane tsayayye, shugaban dabbar da idanun baƙi suka fito.
Chinchillas ana amfani da shi cikin bauta da sauri, suna da tsabta, kyawawan halaye masu kyau, amma ba sa samun ƙauna ga maigidansu. Saboda karuwar zalunci, dabbar za ta zama kasa-baya daga shekara zuwa shekara. Suna farautar sa ko dai ta hanyar sanya madaukai, ko kuma tare da taimakon ƙwararrun weasel (Mustela agilis). Yanzu don farauta gare su kuna buƙatar hawa zuwa cikin dazuzzukan daji da ba a iya samun su.
A Arewacin Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Chile, an maye gurbin babban chinchilla da ƙaramin chinchilla, wanda yayi kama da na farkon a bayyanar da salon rayuwa, ƙarami ne kaɗan: tsawonsa kawai shine 40 cm, wanda na ukunsa wutsiya. Launanta da furfura ita ce launin toka mai toka tare da baƙi mai duhu, kuma a ƙasa da kafafu - tare da matsi mai launin toka ko launin shuɗi. Yana ciyarwa a kan tsire-tsire na bulbous ba tare da barin hatsi da bushe ganye ba. Ta hanyar rayuwa, wata dabba ce da ba ta wucewa ba tana guje wa haske. Muryarta mai kara sosai, kamar zomo.
• Chinchilla fur an dauki shi a matsayin mafi tsada a duniya, saboda haka, sakamakon wargajewar ƙarfi, waɗannan dabbobin sun tsira ne kawai a yankin iyakar tsakanin Chile da Peru. Yanzu ana kiyaye wannan nau'in kuma yawan chinchillas yana ƙaruwa a hankali. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da chinchillas a matsayin dabbobi masu ado - ana iya samun su a cikin shagunan dabbobi ..
• Kiwo chinchillas ba aiki mai sauki ba ne, amma tun daga karni na 20 na karni na 20, an girka chinchillas a cikin Amurka a kan gonakin dusar kankara kuma yanzu a cikin wannan kasar akwai sama da dubu 70 na cikin gida.
Daga hakikanin chinchillas ya zama dole a rarrabe masu ruwa (Lagidium), waɗanda suke da kunnuwa masu tsayi, wutsiya mai gashi, kafa huɗu da yatsa.
* Wannan yana nufin 'dutsen da ke tattare da magana a cikin gidan guda ɗaya kamar chinchillas. A cikin duka akwai nau'ikan 4.
Kamar dabbobi na baya, suma suna cikin zamantakewa, rayuwa da annashuwa. An samo shi a cikin Peru, Bolivia da Ekwado. Mafi shahara shi ne pushak na Peruviyanci (L. Cuvieri), wanda yayi kama da zomo, kawai tare da kafafu biyu masu tsayi da babban wutsiya. Mai laushi, dogon Jawo yana da launin toka mai toka, juyawa cikin wurare zuwa launin shuɗi. An san wannan fur ɗin daga 'yan kasuwa a ƙarƙashin sunan chinchillon kuma yana da ƙima kaɗan.
Suna da kama da Viskashi chinchillas (Lagostomus), tare da daskararruwar jiki da kuma convex mai ƙarfi, ƙafafun gaba suna yatsun hannu huɗu ne, kafaɗun gaba, sau biyu, su uku ne.
* Filalin viskacha - mafi girman nau'ikan dangi (tsayin jikinsa 50-60 cm, wutsiyar da visiska ke rike da yatsa kamar yadda take shan shayi - 15-20 cm), dogon baki da fararen fata suna tsaye a jikin dutsen.
Shugaban da ke zagaye, ya kumbura a bangarorin, ya ƙare da gajeriyar magana, mara nauyi. Lebe da kuma cheeks suna zaune tare da m, yana fitar da kusan ƙarfe mai haɓaka, gashin baki. Kusan tsirara, kunkuntar, kunnuwa masu ƙyalli - na girman matsakaici, idanun da aka saita su ma ƙanana ne. Jikin yana sanye da kauri mai kauri, kusan duhu akan bango da launin toka a garesu, amma fari a ƙasa. Tsawon har zuwa 50 cm, wutsiya 18. Wusis na kowa ne a cikin pampas zuwa Patagonia, inda suke zama cikin al'ummomin burushi. *
* Gidajen Viskach - viskacheros - yankuna masu kama da ƙananan ramuka mai nauyin 20-30 tare da manyan ƙofofin da ɗakunan hutawa a zurfin 1-1.5 m zama, kamar ƙauyukan marmot, don dubun yawa da ɗaruruwan shekaru. A cikin ƙauyukan viscous, nau'ikan kwari iri-iri, dabbobi masu rarrafe har ma da wasu tsuntsayen, alal misali, mujiya mai kogon dutse, suna rayuwa.
Suna ciyar da tushe da ciyawa. Dangane da motsin viskasha, suna kama da moles, kawai sun fi su jin daɗi. Kamar agua, suna ɗaukar abubuwa da yawa a cikin ramukarsu kuma suna kwance su a tarko a ƙofar ƙofar, kamar dai waɗannan abubuwan zasu iya zama abin wasa a gare su. Gauchos, da sanin wannan, koyaushe ku je ku nemi ɓatattun abubuwa zuwa “viskacheras”. Dabbobi a hankali suna cire duk abubuwan da basu da mahimmanci daga ramukarsu. Muryar su baƙon abu ne, baƙuwa ko tsoho. Viskash ba wai kawai ana bi don abincinsu da furcinsu ba ne, har ila yau ana fitar da shi cikin tsananin ƙarfi, ramuka mai cike da ruwa ko hayaki, tunda dawakai gauchos, sun faɗi cikin ramukarsu, sun murƙushe ƙafafunsu. Viskasha tana kare kanta ba kawai ga karnuka ba, har ma a kan mutum ta hanyar ciji ƙafafunsa, amma ba shakka, ba tare da lahani mai yawa ba.
• Wiski hakika an kamu da shi ga abubuwa masu haske da rawa wadanda suke tarawa a bakin ƙofar.
• 'Yan yawon shakatawa suna yin sautuna dabam dabam: cin abinci mai amo, mai girgiza kai, natsuwa a hankali da nutsuwa a cikin kwanciyar hankali, suna lura da abokan gaba daga nesa, suna yin kururuwa mai ƙarfi da yayi kama da sautin alade, sannan kuma ya juya zuwa cikin sobs daban, da tserewa cikin rami daga haɗari - nishi mai kururuwa.
Tarihi mai lamba 3: Chinchillas ba ya bambanta ta hanyar kwarewar hankali.
Wasu sun yi imani da cewa chinchillas ba dabbobi ne masu wayo ba, amma duk wanda gidansa irin wannan karamin dabba yana rayuwa zai yi jayayya tare da amincewa tare da wata sanarwa mai kama. Tabbas, dangane da hankali wannan dabba tana gabato bera, wanda, kamar yadda ka sani, yana daya daga cikin dabbobin dabbobi masu hankali kuma masu fasaha.
Tarihi # 4: Chinchillas Kada Shed
Kada ku yarda da waɗanda suke yin faɗa don gaskiyar wannan magana. Kamar Cats da karnuka, chinchillas molt sau biyu a shekara. Sauran fur ɗin za su iya kasancewa a kan tufafinku koda dabbar ta tsorata yayin da kuke riƙe ta. Wannan abu ne na dabi'a, tunda kusan duk dabbobin dabbobi masu furfura, suna fuskantar damuwa ko damuwa.
Yadda za a karya ne ciyar da tuddai?
Za'a iya siyar da kayayyaki marasa ruwa a cikin masu rarraba masu ba da amana waɗanda ba su haifar da yanayi don adanar abincin dabbobi ba, wanda ke nufin cewa samfurin ya ƙare da sauri, to ya fada cikin kwano na abin da kuka fi so. Masu siyarwa kuma suna yin zunubi ta hanyar haɗa samfurori masu inganci da ƙare, kuma har ma tare da jerin kasafin kuɗi.
Amsa mai kyau 1
Yadda ake horar da hannayen chinchilla?
Iyayena sun dade suna kiwon chinchillas, kuma, kamar yadda suka faɗa, suna buƙatar horar da dabbar daga farkon watanni na rayuwa.
Immediatelyauki kai tsaye ba bu mai kyau ba. Da farko, kawai bugun jini, sannan idan ya ɗan ƙarami, za ku iya ɗaukar shi ku kuma ɓata lokaci kaɗan tare da shi, sannu a hankali yana haɓaka shi har ƙasan chinchilla ta more muku.
Amma ga manya - Ba zan amsa ba da shakka. Dabba zata iya girma a cikin yanayi daban-daban, kuma da tuni ta iya tsara yanayin duniya da ilhami dangane da mutane, kamar yadda yake iya magana.
Tabbas, duk ya dogara da dabbar da kanta. Zai iya fahimtarku da sauri, kuma yana faruwa cewa bayan fewan shekaru ba shi da ƙarfin gwiwa.
Amsa mai kyau 2
Yi bincike ta hanyar magana
Posts: 1,145 Kudi don posts 46355 RUB (Bayanai) Likes: 1,126 Likes da aka karba: 1,830Wanene wuski kuma me kika sani game da ita?
a cikin 606 posts 160%
Viskasha dabba ce wacce ta kasance a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma dangin chinchilla. Viskashs sun kasu zuwa filayen, wanda galibi suna zaune ne a yankin tsararrakin nahiyar kuma akwai viskas na dutse da ke zaune a tsaunin tsaunin kuma ana iya samun sa a tsawan tsawan tsawan 5,000. Asalin mazauninsu shine Kudancin Amurka.
Whiskeys suna da ban sha'awa sosai, a gefe guda suna kama da zomo ko squirrel, a ɗayan kuma akwai kamanceceniya da kangaroo. Plais whiskeys ya bambanta da tsaunuka a girman su. Sun fi manyan dangi girma. Shugaban dabba yayi kama da na zomo, wutsiya babba ce kuma tayi kama da wutsiyar squirrel, amma kafafu suna kama da kangaroos.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna ciyarwa, kamar ƙwayoyin dabbobi masu yawa tare da tsaba, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ciyawa, rassa. Mountais wiskey ku ci lichens, gansakuka da kuma tushen sa. Tashin ruwa na zaune a cikin rukunin mutane 30, baƙaƙe ba dabbobi bane, amma dangi na kan dutse ke jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun. Gina ramukarsu a cikin ƙasa kuma ta haka ne ya keta tsarin tsirrai, saboda haka locan gari suna cinye su kamar kwari. Waɗannan dabbobi masu ban dariya ne da alama marasa lahani a duniyarmu.
Posts: 819 Kudi don posts 56325 RUB (Bayanai) Liked: 3,101 Likes da aka karba: 2,772Karshe aka buga ta Lubezin ranar 01/14/2020 a 10:43.
a cikin 559 posts 338%
Wanene wuski?
Viskasha dabba ce wacce ta kasance a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma dangin chinchilla. Viskashs sun kasu zuwa filayen, wanda galibi suna zaune ne a yankin tsararrakin nahiyar kuma akwai viskas na dutse da ke zaune a tsaunin tsaunin kuma ana iya samun sa a tsawan tsawan tsawan 5,000. Asalin mazauninsu shine Kudancin Amurka.
Whiskeys suna da ban sha'awa sosai, a gefe guda suna kama da zomo ko squirrel, a ɗayan kuma akwai kamanceceniya da kangaroo. Plais whiskeys ya bambanta da tsaunuka a girman su. Sun fi manyan dangi girma. Shugaban dabba yayi kama da na zomo, wutsiya babba ce kuma tayi kama da wutsiyar squirrel, amma kafafu suna kama da kangaroos.
Waɗannan dabbobin suna ciyarwa, kamar ƙwayoyin dabbobi masu yawa tare da tsaba, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ciyawa, rassa. Mountais wiskey ku ci lichens, gansakuka da kuma tushen sa. Tashin ruwa na zaune a cikin rukunin mutane 30, baƙaƙe ba dabbobi bane, amma dangi na kan dutse ke jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun. Gina ramukarsu a cikin ƙasa kuma ta haka ne ya keta tsarin tsirrai, saboda haka locan gari suna cinye su kamar kwari. Waɗannan dabbobi masu ban dariya ne da alama marasa lahani a duniyarmu.
Viskasha sashin chinchilla ne wanda bayyanar sa kyakkyawa ce kuma kyakkyawa. Nan da nan ya yi kama da kangaroo da zomo, da komai a gaban wutsiya, kamar kurege.
Dabbobin suna cin ciyawa, tsaba, rassan bushes, 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban. Mountain wuski har yanzu suna amfani da tushen tsirrai, lichens, gansakuka.
Wani fasalin rarrabewar Viskasha shine lokacin farkawa. Plais wiskeys suna aiki da daddare, amma whiskeys na dutse suna aiki yayin rana.
Dabbobi suna zaune a cikin manyan rukuni, adadin ya haura mutum 30 a cikin burrows, waɗanda ke da hadaddun tsarin motsawa. Saboda menene, mutum ke farauta domin su, tunda ana halakar da ƙasa mai daɗi.
A wuski yana da tsarinsa duka don kariyarsa: a ƙofar ƙabarin sai suka sanya tabar saniya, wanda suka lalata warinsu, suka matsa ƙafafunsu sosai a ƙasa kuma suna kururuwa da ƙarfi yayin da suke cikin haɗari.
a cikin 1,906 posts 48%
Dabbobin suna cin ciyawa, tsaba, rassan bushes, 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban. Mountain wuski har yanzu suna amfani da tushen tsirrai, lichens, gansakuka.
Wani fasalin rarrabewar Viskasha shine lokacin farkawa. Plais wiskeys suna aiki da daddare, amma whiskeys na dutse suna aiki yayin rana.
Dabbobi suna zaune a cikin manyan rukuni, adadin ya haura mutum 30 a cikin burrows, waɗanda ke da hadaddun tsarin motsawa. Saboda menene, mutum ke farauta domin su, tunda ana halakar da ƙasa mai daɗi.
A wuski yana da tsarinsa duka don kariyarsa: a ƙofar ƙabarin sai suka sanya tabar saniya, wanda suka lalata warinsu, suka matsa ƙafafunsu sosai a ƙasa kuma suna kururuwa da ƙarfi yayin da suke cikin haɗari.
Viscash wannan ba babban dabba bane daga dangin chinchilla. Waɗannan dabbobin suna zaune ne a Kudancin Amurka. A waje, suna da kama da zomaye, amma saboda kamannin su mai ban sha'awa ana kiran su da dariya “ma'aunin vivacity”.
Akwai nau'ikan dabbobi iri biyu.
Suna zaune a Argentina, Bolivia, Chile da Peru. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 32-40 cm, kuma wutsiyar ta kamu ne da cm 23 zuwa 32. Suna da manyan kunnuwa. Mayafinsu suna da kauri sosai da taushi tare da launin toka mai duhu ko launin shuɗi mai duhu. A kan ciki, ya fi wuta.
Suna zaune a tsaunin 900 zuwa 5000 m, a kan dutse mai bushe da busassun ciyayi. Tsararru a cikin yankuna har mutum 80. Abubuwan fashewa da muryoyi da yawa a cikin dutse da daddare suna aiki gida ne.
Suna ciyar da ciyayi daban-daban - moss, ganye, lichens. Tsammani na rayuwa yana da ɗan gajarta - shekaru 2-3 ne kawai.
Plais wiskey ya bambanta da bayyanar daga dutsen. Jawo gashi mai laushi mai taushi yana da launi daban-daban - a bayan shi mai launin toka-mai-launi ne, mai ba da shawara akan tarnaƙi kuma farare akan ciki. Akwai alamun haske a kan cheeks kuma a saman idanun.
Maza, sabanin mata, sun fi girma. Yawan taro daga 5 zuwa 9 kilogiram, tsawon jikin - 68-82 cm, tsawon wutsiya - 15-20. Girman mata shine kilogiram 3.5-5, tsayin jikin mutum - 53-73 cm, tsini tsutsotsin - 13-17 cm. Rayuwar rayuwa cikin bauta shine shekaru 9.
Suna kuma ciyar da ciyayi da ciyayi.
Posts: 1,145 Kudi don posts 46355 RUB (Bayanai) Likes: 1,126 Likes da aka karba: 1,830Anyi gyaran ƙarshe ta SoVa32, 01/14/2020 a 11:46.
a cikin 606 posts 160%
Viscash wannan ba babban dabba bane daga dangin chinchilla. Waɗannan dabbobin suna zaune ne a Kudancin Amurka. A waje, suna da kama da zomaye, amma saboda kamannin su mai ban sha'awa ana kiran su da dariya “ma'aunin vivacity”.
Akwai nau'ikan dabbobi iri biyu.
Suna zaune a Argentina, Bolivia, Chile da Peru. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 32-40 cm, kuma wutsiyar ta kamu ne da cm 23 zuwa 32. Suna da manyan kunnuwa. Mayafinsu suna da kauri sosai da taushi tare da launin toka mai duhu ko launin shuɗi mai duhu. A kan ciki, ya fi wuta.
Suna zaune a tsaunin 900 zuwa 5000 m, a kan dutse mai bushe da busassun ciyayi. Tsararru a cikin yankuna har mutum 80. Abubuwan fashewa da muryoyi da yawa a cikin dutse da daddare suna aiki gida ne.
Suna ciyar da ciyayi daban-daban - moss, ganye, lichens. Tsammani na rayuwa yana da gajarta - shekaru 2-3 ne kawai.
Plais wiskey ya bambanta da bayyanar daga dutsen. Jawo gashi mai laushi mai taushi yana da launi daban-daban - a bayan shi mai launin toka-mai-launi ne, mai ba da shawara akan tarnaƙi kuma farare akan ciki. Akwai alamun haske a kan cheeks kuma a saman idanun.
Maza, sabanin mata, sun fi girma. Yawan taro daga 5 zuwa 9 kilogiram, tsawon jikin - 68-82 cm, tsawon wutsiya - 15-20. Girman mata shine kilogiram 3.5-5, tsayin jikin mutum - 53-73 cm, tsini tsutsotsin - 13-17 cm. Rayuwar rayuwa cikin bauta shine shekaru 9.
Suna kuma ciyar da ciyayi da ciyayi.
Posts: 239 Kudi don posts 6152 RUB (Cikakkun bayanai) Likes: 534 Likes da aka karba: 323Viscash dabba ce daga dabbobin china na chichilla. Tana da jiki mai laushi, kafaffun kafaffun kafafu masu ƙarfi, tare da maƙallan kafafun kafafun ta don tono ƙasa. Jikin yana da tsawon kusan 65 cm, wutsiyar ta kai har zuwa 20 cm a tsayi. Viskasha galibi suna zaune ne a cikin savannahs a yankin Kudancin Amurka. Dabbobin da kanta suna da launin toka mai duhu a saman da fararen ulu a ƙasa. A fuskar akwai launin rawaya da fari waɗanda suke ratsa idanu daga hanci. Saƙon wuski yana da kyakkyawan sihiri mai kama da alamar tambaya. Dabbar zata iya jingina da wutsiyarta yayin da take zaune a kan kafafunsa na baya kuma ta duba wuraren da ke kusa. A baya, adadin wannan dabbar ya fi girma sosai, amma saboda lahani da matsaloli da ta haifar ga mazauna karkara (manoma, makiyaya), an lalata wannan ƙungiyar a yankuna da yawa na mazauninta. Yawancin lokaci wannan dabbar tana aiki da maraice da kuma a cikin dare kuma,, mai ban sha'awa, yana son tarawa da sanya abubuwa masu launuka, har da busassun rassa da gashin tsuntsaye kusa da ramin sa. Whiskey yana da murya mai ban sha'awa.Yayin cin abinci, tana iya yin sautin kamar gurnani, kuma idan ta ga haɗari, sai ta fara ihu da ƙarfi.
a cikin 137 posts 135%
Viscash dabba ce daga dabbobin china na chichilla. Tana da jiki mai laushi, kafaffun kafaffun kafafu masu ƙarfi, tare da maƙallan kafafun kafafun ta don tono ƙasa. Jikin yana da tsawon kusan 65 cm, wutsiyar ta kai har zuwa 20 cm a tsayi. Viskasha galibi suna zaune ne a cikin savannahs a yankin Kudancin Amurka. Dabbobin da kanta suna da launin toka mai duhu a saman da fararen ulu a ƙasa. A fuskar akwai launin rawaya da fari waɗanda suke ratsa idanu daga hanci. Saƙon wuski yana da kyakkyawan sihiri mai kama da alamar tambaya. Dabbar zata iya jingina da wutsiyarta yayin da take zaune a kan kafafunsa na baya kuma ta duba wuraren da ke kusa. A baya, adadin wannan dabbar ya fi girma sosai, amma saboda lahani da matsaloli da ta haifar ga mazauna karkara (manoma, makiyaya), an lalata wannan ƙungiyar a yankuna da yawa na mazauninta. Yawancin lokaci wannan dabbar tana aiki da maraice da kuma a cikin dare kuma,, mai ban sha'awa, yana son tarawa da sanya abubuwa masu launuka, har da busassun rassa da gashin tsuntsaye kusa da ramin sa. Whiskey yana da murya mai ban sha'awa. Yayin cin abinci, tana iya yin sautin kamar gurnani, kuma idan ta ga haɗari, sai ta fara ihu da ƙarfi.
A Kudancin Amurka, dabbobin na asali suna zaune - Viskasha, na dangin chinchilla ne. A lokaci guda, suna kama da zomo, squirrel da kangaroo.
Bayyanar
Akwai rayayyun tsaunuka da kwari. Sun bambanta kawai da girman: tsawon jikin mazaunan farko ya ɗan fi 40 cm, kuma bayyane suke sau 2. Wutsiyar squirrel-kamar wutsiya ce: dogaye kuma m, kawuna da kunnuwa suna kama da zomo. Kafafun gaba suna gajere kuma kafafun hindu suna da tsawo, kamar kangaroo. Jawo gashi gajere kuma mai yawa.
Abinci da Halaye
Whiskeys suna ciyar da ganye, Tushen m, rassan, ciyawa, gansakuka, lasis. Dabbobin dutsen sun fi yin aiki da rana, da kuma dabbobin daji da daddare. Suna rayuwa cikin ɓoyewa, suna zaune cikin iyalai sama da 30. Gidajen ƙasa suna da rassa da yawa. Wani lokacin adadin su na iya zama kusan murabba'in mita 600. Saboda wannan, mazauna karkara ba sa son su, saboda suna lalata amfanin gona da lalacewarsu.
Hannun Hind sun kubuta daga hatsari, wanda saurin su ke haɓaka har zuwa kilomita 40, da wutsiya mai tsawo. Sun buge su a ƙasa yayin da suke ihu da ƙarfi.
Yawan dabbobi yana raguwa kwanan nan kuma galibi saboda kurakuran mutane.
a cikin 1,045 posts 91%
A Kudancin Amurka, dabbobin na asali suna zaune - Viskasha, na dangin chinchilla ne. A lokaci guda, suna kama da zomo, squirrel da kangaroo.
Bayyanar
Akwai rayayyun tsaunuka da kwari. Sun bambanta kawai da girman: tsawon jikin mazaunan farko ya ɗan fi 40 cm, kuma bayyane suke sau 2. Wutsiyar squirrel-kamar wutsiya ce: dogaye kuma m, kawuna da kunnuwa suna kama da zomo. Kafafun gaba suna gajere kuma kafafun hindu suna da tsawo, kamar kangaroo. Jawo gashi gajere kuma mai yawa.
Abinci da Halaye
Whiskeys suna ciyar da ganye, Tushen m, rassan, ciyawa, gansakuka, lasis. Dabbobin dutsen sun fi yin aiki da rana, da kuma dabbobin daji da daddare. Suna rayuwa cikin ɓoyewa, suna zaune cikin iyalai sama da 30. Gidajen ƙasa suna da rassa da yawa. Wani lokacin adadin su na iya zama kusan murabba'in mita 600. Saboda wannan, mazauna karkara ba sa son su, saboda suna lalata amfanin gona da lalacewarsu.
Hannun Hind sun kubuta daga hatsari, wanda saurin su ke haɓaka har zuwa kilomita 40, da wutsiya mai tsawo. Sun buge su a ƙasa yayin da suke ihu da ƙarfi.
Yawan dabbobi yana raguwa kwanan nan kuma galibi saboda kurakuran mutane.
Yaya girman bayanan kuliyoyi?
A cikin kwakwalwar kuliyoyi, masana kimiyya sun kirkiri neurons miliyan 250. Wannan shine kusan sau biyu ƙasa da karnuka, waɗanda suke da kusan miliyan 530 neurons a cikin ƙwayar cerebral. Saboda haka, akwai wani nau'in da karnuka ke haɓaka ƙayyadaddun ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin kwayoyi fiye da kuliyoyi. Koyaya, wannan hasashe ne kawai - ba gaskiyar cewa adadin neurons ya dace da hankali ba.
Sirrin kuliyoyi yana da wahalar nazari.
Cats suna da matukar son sani. Wannan gaskiyane. Amma waɗannan dabbobin suna karkatacciyar hanya: cat zai iya fahimtar abin da maigidan yake so daga gare ta, kuma maimaita ayyukan maimaita ayyukan shine kawai ya bata haushi.
Cats suna da haɓakar hankali na hangen nesa. Duk da yake cikin karnuka da mutane, zamantakewa yana nasara.
Amsa mai kyau 6
Menene aminophylline?
Eufillin (abu mai aiki - Aminophylline) shine wakili na bronchodilating (dilates bronchi). Babban tasirin wannan magani - yana kwantar da tsokoki na bronchi, yana motsa ƙwanƙwasa hanji, yana haɓaka aikin numfashi da tsokoki na ciki, yana ƙarfafa cibiyar numfashi, yana daidaita aikin numfashi, yana taimakawa wajen daidaita jini tare da oxygen kuma yana rage haɗarin carbon dioxide, yana da tasirin sakamako akan ayyukan zuciya, yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi da lamba na zuciya , yana rage sautin tasoshin jini, yana rage matsin lamba a cikin “karamin” da'irar zagayawa cikin jini, yana haɓaka kwararar jini da kuma wasu da yawa.
Dangane da umarnin, alamomi na shan wannan magunguna sune: Ciwon ƙwanƙwasa cuta na kowane irin ƙwayar cuta: asmaron kansa (ƙwaƙwalwar zaɓi a cikin marasa lafiya tare da ƙwayar cutar motsa jiki ta jiki da kuma azaman ƙarin kayan aiki a wasu nau'ikan), cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na huhu, emphysema, naƙasasshen hanji na hanji, hauhawar huhun jini, " ciwon huhu "zuciya, tashin hankalin dare.
Likita ne ya tsara wannan maganin akan gwajin ciki na ciki gwargwadon alamun.
Amsa mai kyau 2 6
Yaya kake ji game da murda dabbobi?
Anonymus ya ƙi ra'ayin zanen gidan dabbobi. Amma yanzu "mutum shine ma'aunin kowane abu." Idan wani abu mara kyau ne ga mutum, muna ƙoƙarin kawar da shi. Kuma mafi sauri, mafi sauƙi kuma mafi inganci - mafi kyau. Shin ƙaramin ɗan uwanku mai annuri ya fara nuna halinsa ta 'dabi'unsa ta hanya ta musamman? Amma ba ku kasance da shiri don wannan ba kuma mai iyawa a gaban irin wannan ƙalubalen? Ee, kawai yanke masa kwallayen! Wannan shi ne abin da suke yi da abokai idan matsala ta taso tare da su. Zo a gaba, cat ɗinka bazai rasa wani muhimmin sashi na jikinsa ba sakamakon mummunan yaƙin ko haɗari - zo a kan haka zaka taimaka masa da wannan. Wannan ba mugunta bane, ba shakka. Intentions na kwarai kyau. Ba kwa son asarar kyawawan kayan amfani na wannan halitta a gare ku, amma don kuyi tarko da marasa daɗi. Muna ƙara canza duniya zuwa bukatunmu, saboda muna iya, mu.
Ya tashi cat dinsa daga haihuwa, ko kuma hakan, bai hana shi ci gaba ba. Bayan wani lokaci, ya bayyana a fili abin da kuma inda bai kamata ayi ba. Kyakkyawan cikakken nau'in cat-mutum ya girma. Ya kasance mai kulawa da ƙauna a gare shi, kuma yanzu babu matsala - fahimtar juna kawai. Amma ba kowa ba yana da lokaci don wannan da damar - yana da sauƙin sauyawa ƙirar cat a likita.
