Kudancin Amurka yanki ne wanda fauna yana da wadatar arziki da bambanci. Wane irin dabbobi ne suke zaune a Kudancin Amurka, kuma wane tsire-tsire suke girma a can ... suna so su sani?
Kudancin Amurka - ya kasance wuri na 4 mafi girma a tsakanin sauran nahiyoyin duniya. Wani abu na musamman ya banbanta ga kowace nahiya, kuma Kudancin Amurka banda haka.
Ko da matafiyin da yake da ɗan lokaci yana da abin mamaki da yawa; akwai dazuzzuka masu zafi, savannahs da Andes. Wannan wurin ya sabawa juna: Tierra del Fuego tsakanin Chile da Argentina is located in the Ocean Ocean Ocean, dusty steppes of Pampa stretch fadin Uruguay da Argentina, Girma na Andes tashi daga yamma tare da kore kwari da kofi shuka, a arewacin Chile shi ne Atacama hamada, wanda shine mafi bushe wuri a kan ,Asa, da kuma a Brazil kusa da Kogin Amazon, an rufe shi da dazuzzuka na daji.
Andean fauna
Dabbobin Kudancin Amurka suna burgewa a cikin bambancin su, haka kuma yanayin filayenta.
Tsawon tsauni mafi tsayi a duniya shine Andes, tsawonsu yakai kilomita dubu 9. Waɗannan duwatsun suna cikin yankuna daban-daban: a cikin yanayin zafi, ƙasan haɓaka biyu, daidaituwa, ƙasa da na wurare masu zafi, don haka a cikin Andes ana samun ƙarin tsire-tsire kuma ana samun dabbobi da yawa.
Itatuwan bishiyoyi masu tsafta da bishiyoyi masu girma suna girma a cikin ƙananan gandun daji na dutsen, kuma a tsayin mita 2500 akwai bishiyoyin Quin da bishiyun Coca. Cacti da creepers suna girma a cikin bangarorin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa. A cikin Andes akwai tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci irin su dankali, tumatir, taba, koko, hinan itaciya.
Yawan nau'ikan dabbobi da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka suna da ban mamaki.
Fiye da nau'ikan 900 na amphibians, nau'ikan tsuntsaye 1700 da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 600 waɗanda ba a samu a cikin manyan garkuna suna zaune a cikin Andes ba, kamar yadda bishiyoyi masu girma suka bambanta su. Manyan bishiyoyi da manyan tururuwa masu yawa suna zaune a cikin gandun daji. A cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa, da yawan tsuntsaye masu yawa, waɗanda suka fi yawa sune parrots, ban da haka akwai da yawa hummingbirds.
Ayyukan bil adama ba su da tasiri ga ayyukan Andes. A baya can, yawancin ɗakunan ajiya sun rayu a nan, amma a yau ana kiyaye su a wurare biyu kawai: Sierre Nevada de Santa Marta da Nudo de Pasto.
Condor shine mafi girman tsuntsayen da ke tashi a Yammacin Gabar Kogi. Tana da farin daskararren launin baƙi, kuma an makala farin gashinta a wuya. Wani farin iyaka yana gudana tare da fikafikan.
Conoror Endor (Vultur gryphus).
Nono na mata sun fi maza yawa. Balagagge a cikin waɗannan tsuntsayen yana faruwa ne a cikin watanni 5-6. Sun gina gida a kan tsawan dutse, a tsawan mita 3,5,000. Mafi yawan lokuta qwai 1-2 suna cikin kama. Daga cikin abubuwan da ke da furanni masu ɗaukar ciki, suna daɗewa, saboda zasu iya rayuwa na kusan shekaru 50.
Lokaci guda Andean Condor ya zama alama ce ta wasu jihohin Latin Amurka: Bolivia, Argentina, Columbia, Peru, Chile da Ecuador. A cikin al'adun mutanen Andes, waɗannan tsuntsaye suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Amma, duk da wannan, a cikin karni na ashirin yawan waɗannan manyan tsuntsayen suka ragu sosai, saboda haka an haɗa su a cikin Littafin Tarihi na Duniya. A yau, masu ɗaukar hoto suna cikin rukuni na nau'in haɗari.
Andean Condor shine kadai ya rage daga jinsin Vultur.
An yi imanin cewa babban dalilin lalacewar ɗakunan shan iska shine abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin jama'a, shine, yanayin wuraren da waɗannan tsuntsaye suka rayu. Waɗannan gawawwakin dabbobi ne da mutane ke harba musu. Daga cikin abubuwan, har zuwa kwanan nan, an harba daskararrun dabbobi masu ɗaukar hoto, tunda akwai kuskuren fahimtar cewa suna haifar da barazanar dabbobi.
Zuwa yau, kasashe da yawa sun tsara shirye-shiryen kiwo na kamun kai, tare da sake su a cikin daji.
Tsibirin da ba a sani ba na Titicaca Lake
Dabbobin da ba su da bambanci suna zaune ba kawai a cikin Andes ba, har ma a wuraren Lake Titicaca. Kawai a nan zaku iya haɗuwa da babban halayyar Titicac da ƙyanƙyallen ƙyallen ƙugiya.
Titicaca whistler shine mai tsananin zafin rana na tafkin Titicaca.
Lake Titicaca baƙon abu bane ga tsibirin Uros na ruwa mai iyo. A cewar almara, ƙananan kabilu na Uros Indiya sun zauna a tsibiran da ke iyo ruwa shekaru da yawa da suka gabata don rabuwa da sauran mutanen. Waɗannan Indiyawa da kansu sun koyi ginawa daga tsibiran ciyayi.
Kowace tsibiri ta Uros an kafa ta ne daga yadudduka da yawa na bushe bushe, yayin da ake wanke ƙananan yadudduka a kan lokaci, amma ana sabunta manyan layuka da kullun. Tsibiri suna da wuri mai laushi kuma suna da laushi, kuma ruwa yana zubowa cikin magudanar ruwa a wasu wuraren. Indiyawan sun gina bukkokinsu kuma suna yin kwale-kwale "balsa de totor" shima daga shinge.
Chomga ba shi da tsuntsu ba tsuntsu ba ne da ke zuwa wasu lokutan zuwa tafkin Titicaca.
A yau, akwai tsibirin Uros kusan 40 a cikin tafkin Titicaca. Haka kuma, a wasu tsibiran ana samun hasumiya masu kallo har ma da bangarorin hasken rana don samar da makamashi. Yawon shakatawa zuwa wadannan tsibiran ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu yawon bude ido.
Abubuwan dabbobi masu yawa daga Kudancin Amurka
Ana samun Pudu bare musamman a Kudancin Amurka. Haɓakar waɗannan bareyin ƙanƙane ne - kawai 30-40 santimita, tsawon jikin mutum ya kai santimita 95, kuma nauyin bai wuce kilo 10 ba. Waɗannan bareyin ba su da ma'amala tare da danginsu: suna da gajeren ƙahoni madaidaiciya, ƙananan kunnuwa masu siffa da gashi, launin jikinsu mai launin toka-fari mai launin fari.
Pudu deer yana zaune a cikin kurmi marar iyaka, kuma yakan fita zuwa wuraren fili kawai da daddare don cin abinci. Ainihin, suna ciyawa a bakin tekun, inda akwai adadi mai yawa na fuchsia algae, waɗanda sune tushen abincin abincin barewa.
Pan ƙaramar dila. Tsayin jikinsa kawai ya wuce 30-40 cm.
A lokacin rani, waɗannan deer suna mai da hankali sosai, amma a cikin lokacin sanyi mai dusar ƙanƙara suna kusantar ƙauyuka inda karnuka ke yawan kaiwa su. A baya can, an samu ɓullar barewa a Chile, Argentina da Andes. Amma a yau, ƙananan jama'a ne kawai ake samu a cikin yankunan bakin gabar ƙasar Chile da kan Chilos. Pudu suna cikin Sabon littafin.
Duniyar dabba ta Kudancin Amurka ta koya rayuwa a cikin ruwan shawa na wurare masu zafi, kusanci da mutane, da kuma babban Andes. Saboda ire-iren yanayin wurare na Kudancin Amurka, an samar da wani keɓaɓɓen fauna anan, wanda ya wajaba mutane adana su da haɓaka.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Bayanin janar na ƙasa
Ana wanke nahiyar ta bangarorin biyu ta bakin tekun Pacific da kuma Tekun Atlantika. Babban ɓangaren yankinsa yana cikin kudu zuwa ƙasa. Haɗin ɓangaren duniya tare da Arewacin Amurka ya faru ne a lokacin Pliocene yayin ƙirƙirar Isthmus na Panama.
Andes tsari ne na tsaunin tsibiri, wanda yake shimfida iyakar yammacin nahiyar. Kogin Amazon mafi girma yana gudana a gabashin tudun, kuma tsire-tsire na gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka sun rufe kusan yankin.
A tsakanin sauran nahiyoyin, wannan yana ɗaukar matsayi na 4 dangane da yanki da wuri na 5 dangane da yawan jama'a. Akwai iri biyu na bayyanar mutane a wannan yankin. Wataƙila sulhun ya faru ne ta hanyar Bering Isthmus, ko mutanen farko sun fito daga Kudancin Pacific.
Yanayin gari na gari mara kyau
Daga igwannin Equatorial zuwa arewa da kudu, akwai yankin yankuna, inda iska mai dumbin yawa a yanayin bazara tare da yawan ruwan sama da iska mai tsananin zafi a cikin hunturu. Yanayin da ke cikin yankin na wurare masu zafi a gabas yana shafar iska sakamakon kasuwancin. Akwai yaushi da zafi. A cikin cibiyar, ruwan sama ba shi da ƙasa, amma lokacin rani ya bushe.
A gabar tekun Pacific da tuddai na yamma (tsakanin 5 ° zuwa 30 ° S) akwai yankin bushewar yanayin zafi tare da ƙarancin zafi. Ruwan sanyi na halin yanzu na Peruvian yana kawo cikas ga hazo da fasalin haɓaka. A nan ne mafi hamada a duniya - Atacama. A kudanci Kudancin Burtaniya, wanda yake a yankin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, canjin yanayin ƙasa, kusa da tsakiyar ɓangaren duniya, ya riga ya zama bushewa.
A gabar tekun Pacific, yanayin canjin yanayin Rum na cikin ruwan sanyi ya bushe tare da lokacin bazara mai laushi, mai sanyin sanyi. Kudancin nahiya kuma ana saninsa da yanayin dumin yanayi, wanda ya bambanta shi da bambanci. A gefen yamma, yana da nau'in marine mai matsakaici tare da lokacin bazara mai sanyi da ruwan sanyi. A gabas, canjin yanayi yana daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗɗa: lokacin bazara mai ɗaci da bushe, kuma masu bushewa, akasin haka, suna da kyau. Yanayin yanayin Andes yana da alaƙa da yanayin yanayin faɗi.
Yanayin kwalliyar gida
Farawar Flora ta fara ne a zamanin Mesozoic kuma, daga fara karatun Tertiary, ya kasance gabaɗaya daga sauran ƙasashe. Saboda wannan, tsire-tsire na Kudancin Amurka suna da irin wannan nau'i kuma sun shahara saboda ƙaunarsu.
Yawancin wakilan al'adun zamani na flora sun samo asali ne daga Kudancin Amurka, ɗayansu shine sanannun dankalin turawa. Amma itacen koko, roba hevea, da itacen quinine yanzu sun girma akan wasu nahiyoyi.
A Nahiyar, kwararru suna gano wuraren da ke da furanni na Neotropic da Antarctic floristic. Na farko ya yi kama da dashen itacen fure na Afirka, na biyun kuma zuwa fure na Antarctica, New Zealand da Ostiraliya. Duk da wannan, akwai bambance-bambance a nau'ikan tsire-tsire da kuma nau'in halittar. Savannah ta zama kamar Afirka, kuma a Kudancin Amurka ana mamaye gandun daji mai zafi (selvas). Irin waɗannan gandun daji suna rufe wurare da yanayin sauƙin yanayin Equatorial da gangara na tsaunukan Brazil da Guiana daga Atlantika.
Karkashin rinjayar yanayi, gandun daji sun shiga cikin savannah. A cikin Brazil, savannahs (campos) galibi sune tsire-tsire na hatsi. A cikin Venezuela da Guiana, a cikin savannah (llanos), ban da hatsi, dabino suna girma. A cikin tsaunin Burtaniya, ban da daskararren yanayi na savannah na yau da kullun, akwai nau'ikan da ke tsayawa fari ga fari. -Asashen arewa maso gabas na tsaunuka suna mamayewa da katinga, wanda ke daɗaɗɗen daji na bishiyoyin da ke fama da fari. Yankin gumi na kudu maso gabas yana cike da gandunan daji na araucaria da kuma wakilan gandun dajin, ciki har da shayi na Paraguayan. A cikin tsibirin Andean akwai filaye tare da fure mai cike da tsaunukan daji. Shuke-shuke da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa sun mamaye yankuna na ɓangaren ƙasa.
Yankin gabashin La Plata Plain galibi ya ƙunshi ciyawa da ganye (ciyawar fuka, gemu, fescue) kuma yana cikin nau'in flora na biyu a Kudancin Amurka. Wannan ba karamin cigaba bane, ko kuma pampa. Kusa da tsaunukan Brazil, an hada tsire-tsire tare da ciyawar daji. Tsire-tsire na bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa suna halayyar tekun Pacific.
A Patagonia, ciyawar tsatsauran tsatstsuran rago da kwararowar hamada mai tsananin ƙarfi (bluegrass, cactus, mimosa, da sauransu) sun mamaye. Mummunan kudu maso yammacin nahiyar, wanda aka rufe dazuzzukan daji masu ɗaure da launuka iri-iri masu ban sha'awa da bambancinsu, sun sha bamban da bambancinsu.
Cinchona
Af, ya zama sanannen godiya ga warkaswa ta warkarwa, wanda mazauna garin ke amfani da shi don magance malaria. Itace mai suna bayan matar Mataimakin Mata na Peru, wacce aka warke a shekara ta 1638 daga zazzabi ta haushi.
Tsawon itacen ya kai mita 15, ganye mai ban sha'awa yana da haske, kuma a ƙarshen sassan an tattara inflorescences na ruwan hoda ko farin furanni. Dukkanin kambin yana da launin toka. Warkarwa shine kawai haushi na itace. Yanzu abin da ake kira cichon yana girma a yawancin sassan duniya.
Itace cakulan
Saboda irin wadannan tsirrai, ana yin ciyawar ne yanzu a duniya. Itacen ya kai tsayin mita 8, kuma yana da manyan duhu ganye masu duhu da ƙananan furanni masu launin shuɗi-fari da aka tattara cikin inflorescences.
Yana fure da kuma 'ya'yan itace kusan duk shekara. Haifawa tayin na faruwa ne daga watanni hudu zuwa tara. Tsawon rayuwar Tree shine shekaru 25-50.
Hevea Braziil
Wata itaciya ce ta daban wacce itace tushen roba ta halitta, wacce ake samu acikin ruwan wiwi (dattin). Ana samun Latex a cikin duk ɓangarorin tsire-tsire na roba.
Wannan bishiyar itace mai tsayi har tsawon mita 30 tare da madaidaiciyar akwati har zuwa 50 cm kauri da haske. Ganyen suna fata ne, ternate, nuna, m a sifa da kuma tattara a bunches a ƙarshen da rassan.
Canjin ganye yana faruwa kowace shekara. Zuriyarsu mallakar tsire-tsire ne masu kananan launuka tare da kananan furanni marasa ma'amala da fararen launin-rawaya, da aka tattara cikin sauki inflorescences. 'Ya'yan itacen da ke da ƙarancin kewayo sune akwatin tricuspid.
Dabbobin Kudancin Amurka
Yawancin nau'ikan furanni masu ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa na flora suna zaune a ɓangaren duniya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da sloths, armadillos, vicunas, alpacas da sauransu. Oanyen ostar na Amurka da Nanda sun sami mafaka a cikin famfan, yayin da hatimin da penguins ke zaune a kudu a cikin sanyi.
Ana samun manyan kunkuru kogin a cikin tsibirin Galapogos. Ba za a samu dabbobi da yawa a wasu nahiyoyi ba. Misali, Titikak whistler, wingless chomga da deer deer.
Duk dabbobin da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka sun saba da yanayin muhalli mai wahala.
Kinkaju
Tsawon dabbar ya kasance daga 43 zuwa 56 cm, dan kadan hade fuska, kai da kunne. Mayafin yana da yawa da gajeru, launin ruwan kasa a bayan gida, da ɗan haske akan ciki. Mutane da yawa mutane suna da duhu gudana a kan bãyayyakinsu.
Ban da zuma, tana cin ciyawa, tsirrai, kwari da kananan dabbobi, ba ta raina qwai da kajin. Waɗannan dabbobin daji ne marasa tsinkaye waɗanda ke haɗuwa da dangi kawai don kiwo.
Gari mai ban sha'awa
Akwai fararen fari ko m kamar kewayen idanu da hanci. Wasu lokuta suna kan kirji. Jawo mai kauri ne ko kuma mai launin toka-toka mai launin ruwan hoda. Idanun suna zagaye, ƙanana kaɗan. Nuna yana da tsawo tare da manyan falo don tono ƙasa. Wasu bears suna da nau'i-nau'i guda biyu, kuma abin kallo shine kawai 13. Yana ciyar da abinci akan tsire-tsire ko ƙananan kwari da dabbobi.
Wannan dabba ba dare ba rana tana gina matsuguni a jikin bishiyoyi kuma ba sa yin hijabi a lokacin hunturu. Ana amfani da gabobin dabbar a magani, wanda yawan saurinsu yana raguwa da sauri. An jera dabbar a cikin Littafin Jan.
Jaguarundi
Wannan karamin dan gidan cat zai zama kamar weasel ko cat. Jaguarundi yana da jiki mai tsayi (kusan 60 cm) tare da gajerun kafafu, ƙaramin kai zagaye tare da kunnuwa triangular. Tsawon tsinkaye ya kai 30 cm, nauyi - har zuwa 9 kilogiram.
Wool na launi mai launi launin toka, ja ko launuka mai launin ruwan kasa, baya wakiltar darajar kasuwanci. Ana samo shi a cikin gandun daji, savannahs ko ciyaman.
Yana ciyar da kwari, ƙanana dabbobi da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Jaguarundi yana rayuwa yana farauta shi kaɗai, yana haɗuwa da wasu mutane kawai don haifuwa.
Anan ga shi, baƙon abu bane, baƙon abu bane, mai ban sha'awa, mai ban sha'awa da kuma baƙar fata a Kudancin Amurka, wanda tsirrai da dabbobi sun shahara musamman ba kawai tsakanin masana kimiyya waɗanda ke haɗa rayuwar su da nazarin nahiyar ba, har ma a tsakanin masu yawon shakatawa waɗanda ke da sha'awar gano wani sabon abu.
Piranhas
Piranhas tabbas shahararrun kifi ne a Kudancin Amurka, sananne saboda ƙaunar sabon nama. Sukan yi farauta cikin kungiyoyi, suna kai hari ga dabbobin da suka hadu akan hanya da saurin walƙiya, kuma nan take suka tsage shi. Suna cinye duk abin da suka hadu da shi, har da qarin jini. Wasu nau'ikan piranhas suna da 30 cm tsayi, amma mafi yawansu ƙanana ne sosai. Har yanzu, kusan lokuta da ba a san inda piranhas zai kai wa mutum hari ba, amma sun yi babban haɗari ga dabbobin dake ƙetara kogin. Su ne musamman sha'awar ci a kan matasa herons, wanda bazata fada daga gida daga cikin kogi.
Morpho
Waɗannan baƙin ƙarfe, adadi kimanin tamanin, wataƙila sune mafi kyawawan mazaunan gandun daji da ke ƙasa low. Suna da girma sosai, fikafikan su zai iya kai cm 20. Ana iya samo su a duk yankin daga Mexico zuwa kudancin Brazil.Sashin gefen fikafikan maza yana fentin, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin launin shuɗi mai haske, amma zai iya zama launin rawaya da launin ruwan kasa. Abubuwan banbancinsu na ban mamaki sun jawo hankalin masu tattara, wanda ya sa aka lalata yawancin alummominsu. Yanzu a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana kiyaye waɗannan haƙarurukan baƙar fata ta morpho.
Dabbar dolphin
Manyan dabbobin ruwa mafi shahara a duniya suna rayuwa ne a cikin kogunan Amazon da Orinoco. Tsawonsu kusan 2.7 m ne, kuma maza sun ɗan ɗan girma fiye da mace. Tunda suna iyo a cikin ruwa mai narkewa na Amazon, dabbobin ruwa kusan basa buƙatar gani, amma tsarin su na haɓaka yanayin haɓaka ne. Suna aika sakonni a cikin kewayon ultrasonic, wanda, ya nuna daga abubuwa, ya dawo. Dabbobin ruwa na kogin suna kama amsa kuwwa, ta haka ne suke gano ganima, su kuma kama shi da haƙoransu.