Amintaccen pterigoplicht (in ba haka ba ana kiranta: babban kifin kifi) wani kyakkyawan kifi ne, mai ƙarfi da girma, a cikin kamannin jirgin ruwa mai kama da teku.
A dabi'a, waɗannan halittu galibi sun kai tsawon cm 50. Jikinsu yana da tsawo, kuma kawunansu manya ne. Jikin dabbobi na ruwa, ban da mai laushi mai laushi, an rufe shi da faranti kashi, idanu ƙanana da girma.
Kamar yadda aka gani akan photo brocade pterygoplychitis, sifofin halayyar kamanninsu kyakkyawa ce kuma dorsal fin, wanda yawanci ya kai tsawon santimita sha biyu.
Kifi mai launi iri ɗaya zai faranta wa kowa rai. Irin wannan launi ana kiran damisa, wato, manyan manyan aiyuka, launin da yake yawanci duhu ne: baƙi, launin ruwan kasa, zaitun, suna watse ko'ina cikin asalin (galibi masu launin shuɗi).
Tsarin zane mai ban tsoro ana zaune ba kawai akan jikin wata dabba mai ruwa ba, har ma a kan ƙege da wutsiya. Daga cikin ƙananan kifin Hakanan ana samo albinos, aibaninsu ya lalace ko a zahiri ba sa tsayawa kan gaba ɗaya. A matsayinka na mai mulki, launi mai haske yana faruwa a cikin matasa, tare da shekaru, launuka suna shuɗewa.
Wurin haifan irin waɗannan halittu shine Kudancin Amurka, mafi daidaituwa, ruwan dumi na Brazil da Peru, inda suke yawanci zauna a cikin jikunan ruwa mai ɗauke da karamin rago. A lokacin fari, ana binne su sau da yawa kuma a wannan halin sukan fada cikin rashin ruwan sama, amma sai a farka lokacin da aka fara ruwan sama.
Kulawa da farashin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta pterigoplichitis
Karancin dutsen kifaye cikakke ga masu fara binciken ruwa, kamar yadda kula da wadannan halittu ba abu bane mai wahala. Don samun nasarar ci gaba, yakamata kuyi la'akari da wasu fasalolin sihirinsu.
Waɗannan kifaye ne - mazaunan koguna masu ɗumi da ruwa mai tsabta. Babban kifin kifayen sun saba da zama a cikin ruwa na ruwa tare da jinkirin ruwa, saboda haka suna buƙatar yanayi da suka dace a cikin akwatin kifaye da kyakkyawan yanayin. Tunda waɗannan halittun suna da girma, ruwan da yake cikin akwatin kifayen yana gurɓata da sauri kuma ana buƙatar matatar don tsaftace shi.
Ba za ku iya yi ba tare da ƙarin hasken wuta ba. Akwatin kifayen ya cika da ruwa na taurin matsakaici, zazzabi mai ƙarancin ƙasa da 30 ° C, wanda yakamata a canza shi a kai aƙalla cikin adadin 25% a kullun. Waɗannan kifaye ne marasa tsayi, saboda haka, suna buƙatar matattarar mafaka don hutawa ta rana.
A halin yanzu, yana yiwuwa siyan nau'ikan kifaye kusan ɗari waɗanda ake kira: brocade pterigoplicht. Ana bambance irin waɗannan halittu ta launi, kuma tsabtataccen tsarinsu har yanzu bai kasance ba.
Amma gaskiyar kifayen kifayen ana iya rarrabe shi da “mai fasikanci” ta hanyar cincin, wanda yake da kusan dozin, kuma wani lokacin ma, haskoki. Ba wuya a sayi irin waɗannan dabbobi a cikin gidajen sayar da dabbobi ba, kuma a yau ƙananan kifayen mutane sun shahara sosai.
Dalilin wannan shine bayyanar kyakkyawa da buƙatun kulawa mai sauƙi. Farashin pterigoplicht Brocade yawanci kusan 200 rubles. Irin waɗannan dabbobi suna buƙatar dakin rayuwarsu. Sau da yawa, sayan irin wannan kifin a cikin lokacin da suke ƙarami, masu mallakarsu ba sa mai da hankali kan yadda irin wannan kifin zai iya girma. kifin kifi.
Brocade pterygoplychitis yawanci girma a hankali, amma lokacin ya zo, lambobin sun yi girma da yawa ga kananan kifayen ruwa. Saboda haka, lokacin fara irin wannan kifin, ya kamata a haifa a hankali cewa za su buƙaci “gidan” wanda ke da ƙarfin aƙalla ruwan lita 400, wani lokacin ma har fiye da wancan.
Abincin abinci mai gina jiki na pterigoplicht
A dabi'a, waɗannan halittun ruwa masu ruwa suna gudana cikin rukuni kuma suna cin abinci tare. Rashin barci wata halitta ce da take aiki musamman da daddare, don haka ya kamata a ciyar da waɗannan dabbobi a wannan lokacin da rana. Zai fi kyau a aiwatar da tsarin ciyarwa kai tsaye kafin a kashe wutar lantarki ta wucin gadi.
Hanyoyin ciyar da kifayen katako kodansu ne masu kyau, ana yin su koda a gidajen sayar da dabbobi kamar masu tsabtace akwatin kifaye. Wadannan halittun suna ta cinye algae, kuma a cikin adadi mai yawa, suna share da sauri da sauri duk abin da yake kan hanyarsa.
Manyan mutane sun sami damar rushe tsirrai tare da raunana mai tushe, kamar su lemongrass da sinima, suna ɗaukar su da saurin walƙiya. Abin da ya sa lokacin da ake kiwon kifi, don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai gamsarwa a gare su da samar musu da bitamin masu mahimmanci, yana da kyawawa a sami adadin adon algae a wuraren kiworsu.
Lokacin da aka sa shi cikin akwatin kifaye, ya zama dole kuma a sanya itace mai bushewa a ciki, tunda abincin da yafi so shine waɗannan rayayyun halittun da ake dasu shine feshin haɓaka iri daban daban daga gare su. Hakanan zaka iya cewa irin wannan hanyar shine cikakken tushe don abincinsu, saboda ta wannan hanyar kifi na karɓa, ya zama dole don narkewar su, cellulose.
Amma ba za ku iya yi ba tare da ƙarin ciyarwa ba. Kuma banda abincin shuka, wanda yakai kusan kashi 80% na abincin, yakamata a baiwa kifayen nau'ikan abinci iri daban daban.
Daga kayan lambu, zucchini, cucumbers, karas da alayyafo sun dace sosai kamar yadda ake ciyarwa. Daga nau'ikan abinci mai rai yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da tsutsotsi na jini, tsutsotsi da shrimp. Duk wannan ya fi dacewa daskararre. Bugu da kari, ba laifi bane a hada da abinci mai dinki na adalci don kifayen a cikin abincin wadannan kifayen.
Sake buguwa da kuma tsammanin rayuwa na cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta
Kifayen maciji na maza, a matsayinka na mai mulki, sun fi girma fiye da mace, kuma suna da kashin baya a ƙashin hancin. Kwararrun masu shayarwa sukan bambanta maza da suka manyanta tare da kasancewar papilla na maza daga ɗalibai mata.
Yin irin wannan kifin a cikin akwatin kifaye a gida ba zai yiwu ba. Rashin daidaituwa yana da alaƙa da peculiarities of spawning, kamar yadda ake aiwatar da haifuwa a cikin yanayin kifayen suna cikin tsananin buƙatar kogin mai zurfi don tsalle-tsalle, wanda waɗannan halittun suka fashe a cikin rairayin bakin teku.
Tun lokacin da aka fara soya, kifayen kifayen maza ke wanzuwa a cikin kofofin da aka ambata, suna kare zuriyarsu. Waɗannan kifayen ana sayar da su a gidajen sayar da dabbobi kawai a gonaki na musamman. Don tsallakewa, ana sanya kifi a cikin tafkunan, inda akwai babban adadin ƙasa mai laushi.
Wadannan kifayen masu dawwama ne, kuma a karkashin yanayi masu kyau suna rayuwa har zuwa 15, kuma hakan ya faru har zuwa shekaru 20. Somics suna da ƙarfi isa ta yanayi da kuma tsayayya wa cututtuka iri daban-daban. Amma lafiyar su na iya yin tasiri sosai tare da hauhawar matakin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa, inda mahimmancin aikin su ya gudana.
Somics suna da cikakken zaman lafiya, saboda wannan, sun sami damar yin hulɗa tare da maƙwabta iri daban-daban, wanda shine babban kuduri karfinsu mai dacewa pterigoplichta tare da sauran kifi a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Kodayake, suna da kyau tare da abokan zama, wanda aka saba dasu saboda abokan hulɗa na dogon lokaci. A cikin sadarwa tare da kifi wanda ba a sani ba, har ma da danginsu, suna da ikon iya zama maƙarƙashiya da kuma gwabza faɗa mai faɗa a yankin.
A yayin fafatawa a tsakiyansu kifayen kifayen suna da yiwuwar yaduwar ctoan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, yayin da ake iya ganin girman su. A dabi'a, wannan dukiyar tana da amfani kwarai da gaske, domin a irin wannan yanayin yana da wahala ga kowane maƙiyin da ya haɗiye irin wannan kifin.
Somics manyan kifi ne, don haka makwabta a cikin akwatin kifaye dole su dace da girman su. Wadannan na iya zama polypteruses, gibi gourami, wukake na kifi da manyan cichlids.
Babban ginin ya ba da damar kifayen tare da maƙwabta masu cin gashin kai, a sarari cikin yanayin dabi'a. Misali, irin wadannan mashahuran kifayen masu hallakarwa kamar kahon fure. Kuma zabar tsari a cikin akwatin kifaye, kifayen kishi suna kiyaye shi daga wasu masu keta haddi. Suna cutar da masu laifi da wuya, amma suna iya tsoratar da baƙi da ba a ziyarta.
Tabbas, kifayen kifayen suna amfani da abincin da aka shuka. Amma irin wannan kifayen, kasancewar su ma masu ba da taimako, suna da ƙarfin ikon shan giyarsu don haifar da matsala ga maƙwabta, suna cin sikeli da daddare daga ɓangarorin ɓarnatuwa, tattaunawa da sauran kifin marassa ƙarfi.
An yi imani da cewa abun talla mai amfani da abun ciki a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da kifin gwal shine kyakkyawan tsari. Amma irin wannan bayanan ba gaskiya bane. Ka'idodin tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali game da waɗannan nau'ikan kifayen biyu sun sha bamban, wanda ke haifar da rashin tabbas.
Kifin katuwar kifi yakan tattara ragowar abinci daga ƙasan akwatin kifaye bayan maƙwabta sun gama cin abincinsu. Waɗannan su ne jinkirin halittu, don haka ya kamata ka tabbata cewa suna da cikakkiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa tare da sauran mazaunan cikin akwatin kifaye. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na waɗannan dabbobin shine dukiyarsu a wasu yanayi, ana fitar da su daga ruwa, don yin saututtukan gargaɗi waɗanda ke tsoratar da masu laifi.
Janar bayani
Brocade pterygoplicht (Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps) suna cikin gidan sarkar catfish, ɗaya daga cikin wakilai mafi girma irin.
Duk da girman sa mai ban sha'awa, pterigoplichitis kifi ne mai ƙaunar zaman lafiya. Kuma sha'awar su kusan kusan iyakance yake ga ciyayi. Wadannan kifayen mataimakan masu kyau ne a cikin yaƙi da haɓakar algae akan bangon akwatin kifaye.
Yawancinsu ba su da rana. Lokacin da aka kiyaye shi tare da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa, skirmishes mai yiwuwa ne, yayin da ake lura da wani nau'i mai ban sha'awa na halayen ƙwayar cuta - pterygoplychitis yana ɗaga ƙyallen kuma yada ƙwaljin pectoral a duk hanyoyin. A dabi'a, kifi ta haka ne suke yaudarar masu farauta, da gani suna ƙaruwa da girmansu.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, a lokacin bushewa, ana iya binne ƙwayar cutar a cikin ƙasa kuma a sa hibernated kafin farkon lokacin damina. Hakanan, waɗannan kifin suna ɗauke da jijiyoyin ƙwayar hanji: tare da rashin isashshen oxygen, kifin ya sami damar hadiye iska sama da ruwa kuma ya sha shi ta amfani da tsarin jijiya.
Ana fitar da shi daga cikin ruwa, pterygoplychitis na iya yin sautin jijiyoyin wuya. An yi imanin cewa wannan ma karbuwa ce domin tsoratar da masu farautar.
Bayyanar
Sunan jinsin a fili yana nuna halayen kifayen. Pterygos - “fikafikai”, hoplon - abin da ake kira garkuwa na tsohuwar Helenawa, ichthys - “kifi”, gibbiceps - “sunkuyar da kai”.
Kifin katuwar kifi yana da jiki mai tsawon rai, dan kadan a kwance a saman. Duk jikin, ban da na ciki, an rufe shi da farananan ƙasusuwa mai yawa. Shugaban yana da girma, yana nuna halayen hanci. An gyara bakin a cikin babban kofin tsotsa, tare da taimakon abin da za'a iya riƙe kifin a saman tsaye. Tana da ƙarfi sosai ba zai yuwu ku tsiyaye kifin ba tare da lahani ba. A gindin na baka tsotsa kofuna waɗanda suke lokacin farin ciki.
Brocade pterigoplicht kai
Idanun suna kanana, suna kan saman kai. An shirya su ta hanyar da kifin ke gani ba wai kawai abin da ke faruwa a gabanta ba, amma kuma yana iya lura da halin daga baya ko daga gefe. Kawai sararin samaniya a saman kifin ɗin ya rage a cikin matattarar yankin.
Finfin dorsal babba ne, kamar jirgin ruwa yake, yana da raƙuman ruwa akalla goma sha biyu. Gabanta yayi kama da fuka-fuki kuma suna nan kusa da ciki. Suna da iko sosai kuma suna taimaka kifin ya tono ƙasa.
Babban launi na jiki shine cakulan ko kusan baki, tare da adadi mai yawa na beige waɗanda ke haifar da ƙirar kama fata fata. Tare da shekaru, zai iya lalacewa kuma ya shuɗe gabaɗaya. Akwai siffofin albino.
Fushin na da na manya kuma manya ne, wanda aka haɓaka da ƙasusuwa masu kauri, wanda ke taimakawa kifin mai ƙwaya a cikin ƙasa.
A karkashin yanayin da ya dace, kifin katuwar kifi na iya girma zuwa 50 cm.
Habitat
Wurin haifuwa na cututtukan ƙwayar cuta shine Kudancin Amurka. Ana iya samunsu a cikin tsarin kogin Amazon, Orinoco, kogunan Brazil na Shingu da Tefe. Kifi sun fi son rafuka masu saurin sauka, suna zaune a tsaunuka a wuraren da ake yawan juji. Sau da yawa tattara cikin manyan rukuni. A lokacin rigar suna da aiki da ƙarfi - suna ciyar da ciyayi da ciyawa. A lokutan bushewa, suna tono cikin rigar mama kuma su yi hibernate don tsira daga mummunan yanayin.
A halin yanzu, ana yin sintiri sosai a cikin kasashen Asiya, daga inda ake kawo su a duniya.
Kulawa da Kulawa
Pterigoplicht babban kifi ne, ƙaramin abu don adana mutum ɗaya akalla lita 250. Yankuna masu laushi ko ƙananan pebbles sun dace kamar ƙasa. An ba da shawarar shigar da mafaka da yawa a cikin akwatin kifaye: kogunan da aka yi da duwatsun, yumbu ko bututun filastik. Dole ne a sami snag na zahiri. Bayan cin shi, pterygoplichtys suna samun cellulose mahimmanci don narkewa.
Pterygoplychitis yana ba ku damar kula da tsabta a cikin akwatin kifaye
Yakammen akwatin kifayen yakamata a sanye shi da matattara mai ƙarfi na waje da kuma damfara, kifi kamar ruwa mai tsafta. Yana da daraja a kula cewa numfashin hanji ba zai iya maye gurbin jijiyoyin jiki ba. Idan pterigoplicht sau da yawa yana ɗaga ɗakin iska, to, akwai matsala game da abun da ke cikin oxygen a cikin akwatin kifaye. Hakanan, ba sa son kifin ƙaƙƙarfan halin yanzu. Dole ne mu manta game da canje-canjen ruwa na mako-mako (har zuwa 30%).
Tabbatattun sigogin ruwa don abun ciki: T = 22-26, pH = 6.5-7.5 GH = 2-15.
Lokacin zabar tsire-tsire, yakamata mutum yayi la'akari da gaskiyar cewa pterigoplichts na iya haƙa kowane shuka na akwatin kifaye, don haka ya fi kyau zauna akan jinsunan da ke da tushe sosai: cryptocorynes, apono-hetons, da wallisneria. Dole ne a jejjefe su da dutse ba tare da gazawa ba. Tare da rashin abinci, tsirrai na iya wahala.
Yarbuwa
Pterigoplichtys kifi ne mai ƙaunar zaman lafiya, amma ba daidai ba ne a ƙulla ƙananan dabbobi a gare su, za su iya zama haɗari na wanda giant ne. Zai fi kyau tsayawa a manyan maƙwabta: cichlids, polytheruses, gourami giant. Hatta Kakakin da ke lalata duk furanni bazai iya yin komai ba game da abin da pterigoplicht.
Kifayen kifayen suna da kishin yankinsu sosai kuma suna iya koran baƙi da ba a so. Rikice-rikice na iya tashi, da farko, tare da danginsu, dangin da ke da alaƙa da juna (ƙabilar asali), gerinoheylus.
Rayuwar rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifaye har zuwa shekaru 20.
Ciyar da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta
Don cikakken haɓakawa da haɓakar pterygoplychitis, abincinsu ya kamata ya ƙunshi shuka (80%) da abincin dabbobi (20%). Wasu masu ilimin kifayen sun fi son ciyar da waɗannan kifin tare da kayan marmari da ganyaye: zucchini, alayyafo, karas, cucumbers. Rashin dacewar irin wannan ciyar babban yiwuwar lalacewar ingancin ruwa in dai idan ba'a ci abincin kifin ba. Pterigoplichitis ba zai ƙi daga abincin dabbobi na dabi'a ba: ƙoshin jini, tubule, amma ba a ba da shawarar ciyar da kifi tare da abinci mai rai ba, i.e. zai iya gabatar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Ciyarwa da bushewa suna dacewa da kifin kifaye. Misali, Tetra Pleco SpirulinaWafers. Godiya ga fasahar zamani, ya zama mai yiwuwa a iya haɗa abubuwa biyu a cikin kwamfutar hannu guda ɗaya: babban abincin furotin da aka yi daga kayan kifi da kuma spirulina algae maida hankali ne. Allunan da sauri sun nutse a kasan kuma na dogon lokaci zasu riƙe sifofin su. Suna da kyau ga duka manya da kifayen kifi.
Don inganta abincin, muna bayar da shawarar bayar da kifin Tetra Pleco Veggie Wafers - allunan tare da zucchini don inganta kiwon lafiya da kuma kiyaye mahimmancin kifi.
Allunan na Tetra Pleco Allunan, suna da cikakken daidaitawa ga kowane nau'in kifayen dabbobi na ƙasa, sun shahara saboda ƙoshin abincinsu. An wadatad da shi tare da spirulina da ruwan teku, sun ƙunshi dukkanin bitamin da abubuwan da suke buƙata.
Yana da muhimmanci sosai cewa akwai wani saɓo a cikin akwatin kifin tare da pterygoplichts, kwashe shi, kifin katako yana samun cellulose wanda ya cancanta don narkewa.
A cikin akwatin kifayen tare da pterygoplychts, dole ne a sami sigarin
Zai fi kyau a ciyar da kifin bayan kashe wutar kuma a tabbata cewa wasu maƙwabta da ke aiki ba sa ɓoye abincin.
Godiya ga ƙaunarsu ta musamman don algae, pterygoprichlata zai zama mataimaka masu kyau don kiyaye tsabta na akwatin kifin.
Kiwo da kiwo
Balaga ta jima'i a cikin pterygoplychitis yana faruwa ne a lokacin yana kimanin shekara uku. A wannan lokacin, kifi yawanci ya kai girman 15-20 cm ba isarfin jima'i ba a furta shi. Hanya mafi daidai don ƙayyade jinsi shine ta hanyar papilla na maza.
Saukar kifin katako a cikin gidan ruwa ba zai yiwu ba. Tabbas, a cikin yanayi, kifi sun tono rami mai zurfi a cikin murɗa, inda suke sa ƙwai. Bayan haka maza suna kiyaye soya. Mayar da irin wannan yanayin yana da wahala. A gonakin kifi, pterygoplichtes ana bred a cikin manyan tafkuna na musamman.
Ciyarwa yakan faru da dare. Femaleaya mace za ta iya sanya ƙwai 120-500. An bambanta soya ta launin toka-mai launin toka tare da ɗigon baƙar fata kuma, bayan an ba da damar abin kwai na gwaiduwa, ana ciyar da su da alluna don kifin kifi.