Fitilar Farko, Sabunta gida
Autar Lighter - nau'in synanthropic, wanda ke da alaƙa da mazaunan da akwai dabbobin gida, musamman ma shanu. Yana ɗaukar abubuwan causative na tularemia da anthrax. Jinin jini ne mai aiki. Sake haifuwa shine bisexual, cikakken ci gaba. Cikakken sake zagayowar - daga kwanaki 6 zuwa 20. Winters a matakai daban-daban (larvae, pupae, kwari kwari).
Danna hoto don faɗaɗawa
nisa 1.2 - 1.3mm
Ilimin halittar jiki
Imago. A tashi tare da mai launin toka jiki 5.5-7 mm mm. Fuka fikafikan hutu yana da fadi fiye da sauran nau'in kwari. An rufe orbits da cheekbones tare da farin murfin farin ciki launin rawaya-yellow. Fushin gaban yana da duhu, a cikin maras rauni. Antennae na baki ne. Yankunan alfarma suna gajarta (na biyun yana kankantar da proboscis). Proboscis kanta baƙar fata ce, mai sheki, sanye take da ƙananan ruwan wukake. Gundumar mesoscutum tana da launin toka, tare da ratsi huɗu a tsaye. Abun ciki yana da launin toka, tare da duhu duhu zagaye akan na huɗu da na uku tergites. Kafafu suna da baki, fuka-fuki sun fi kusan m.
Dimorphism na jima'i. Individualsan kishili sun bambanta a tsarin gabobin maza.
Namiji. Goshin yayi kamar kunkuntar, kusan 2/3 na fadin ido.
Mace. Gashin goshi yana da fadi, kusan daidai yake da girman ido.
Kwai oblong, salula chorion. Farin launi. Girman suna kadan.
Tsutsa yellowish-white, elongated, jiki a hankali yayi kauri zuwa ga na bayanta. Tsawon a ƙarshen ci gaba shine 8-1.5 mm, nisa a tsakiya shine 1.2-1.3 mm.
Uku molt wuce - shekaru uku.
Shekaru na uku. Sashi na biyu, na uku da na farko ciki tare da gefen gefen an matse su, kamar an rufe su da kyau. A gefen gaba na farkon thoracic shine zobe na ƙananan kashin baya. Abubuwa na ciki daga na biyun zuwa na bakwai daga ƙasa tare da manyan siraran juji waɗanda suke ɗauke da haƙarƙarin fata da ƙwararraki masu girman-launi. Sashin ciki na ciki daga na uku zuwa na bakwai zuwa a tsattsarkan gefe yana da huhun ciki shida, bayan su akwai ƙananan kasusuwa waɗanda aka shirya a cikin gajeren layuka. Bangarorin takwas da na bakwai daidai suke da tsayi. Kari akan haka, sashe na takwas akan farjin na bayan kasa yana daɗaɗa da daɗaɗɗunsu. Fuskokinta na ciki suna tare da tsagi uku.
Farantin dusa yana daɗaɗa ƙarfi, an zagaye shi ta dukkan bangarori ta hancin, a gefen iyakokin farantin da suke cikin layin 1-2, tare da gaba a layuka da yawa.
Sterarancin da ke bayanta sune ƙananan, zagaye na uku, keɓaɓɓun sau 2-4 diamita na spiracles. Tsarin murƙushewar ƙwayar cuta daga cikin tsararrakin ƙarancin kunkuntar, S-siffa ne mai zurfi.
Motsin bakin ciki na tsawon rashin daidaituwa. Hypostomal sclerites kunkuntar, ƙare da baya ja da baya.
Pupa (puparia) - Wannan wani tauraron dan adam ne da ya taurare na-instar tsutsa tare da ainihin dunkin tashi daga ciki. Launi yayi duhu. Tsarin waje yana kama da tsutsa na uku-instar, ɗan ɗan ƙara kaɗan ne. A kan iyakar sassan farko da na biyu sune sifofin pectoral na pupa.
Phenology na ci gaba (a cikin kwanaki)
Ci gaba
Imago. Hasken kaka yana da alaƙa da wuraren da dabbobi ke rayuwa, musamman shanu. Ana samun duka a cikin ɗakuna don dabbobi da kuma waje da su. A adadi mai yawa, ana samun kwari a cikin wannan nau'in a jikin bangon rana, akan wuraren kiwo a cikin lokutan zafi na rana. Autar mai saurin wuta itace nau'in zafi da hoto.
Zhigalki - masu jinin jini, maza da mata suna tsotse jini. Suna kaiwa shanu, dawakai kasa da aladu. A wuraren zama suna ciji mutum.
Overwinter a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban (larvae, pupae, kwari). A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, ci gaba yana ci gaba a duk shekara.
Zazzabi na + 8-10 ° C shine mahimmin aikin kwari, yawanci yakan fara a +15 ° C. Matsakaicin matsakaici a cikin layin tsakiyar ana lura da shi a ƙarshen bazara - farkon faɗuwar rana, a Tsakiyar Asiya - a watan Yuli. Farfe suna ciyar da jini kowane kwana biyu.
Lokacin yanka. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan fitowar pupa, kaka mai saurin farawa ta fara haɓakawa da kwanciya mai kwanciya. A tsawon rayuwarsu, mace suna yin cuku-cuwa 5-7, kuma kowane ɗayan yana dauke da kimanin ƙwai 100.
Babban substrate babban taro ne na taki, tsire-tsire iri. Masu kashe wuta suna kwanto ƙwai a gida da na waje. A cikin tsarkakakken taki, ba tare da kwalliyar bambaro ba, ƙwai mai sauƙi ba su da yawa.
Kwai tasowa yayin rana.
Tsutsa ya zamar mata lokaci uku kuma ya wuce shekaru uku. Yana tasowa a cikin kwanciya-kwanciya a ƙwanan ɗumi a zazzabi da basa wuce + 30-35 ° C. Haɓakawa na ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki huɗu. A zazzabi na + 52 ° C, larvae ya mutu.
Doll. Shawa faruwa a cikin wani bushe substrate tare da danshi abun ciki na 20-40%. Ana lura da mafi girman taro na pre-pupae a zazzabi na kimanin + 20-25 ° C. Pupation na iya faruwa a cikin ƙasa a zurfin zurfin (har zuwa 60 cm). Kakanni suna da ikon yin motsi na tsaye da na kwance A zazzabi mai zafi da ƙima suna da lahani ga kwari a wannan matakin. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, suna haɓakawa a cikin kwanaki 3-4.
Imago. Bayan awa biyu da barin ɗalibaiamuhi, sun fara rayuwa mai amfani. A cikin fiye da kwanaki 5-7 daga baya, suka fara ninka da kuma sa qwai. Matsakaicin lokacin ci gaba na tashi daga kwan kwai zuwa wajan manya a zazzabi na + 16 ° C shine kwanaki 20, a + 25 ° C –13.5 kwana, a + 30 ° C - kwana 8, a + 36 ° C - kwanaki 6.
Tsarin ilimin halittar dan adam
A bayyanar (ilimin halittar jiki) na imago, saniyar saniya (Haematobia stimulans) yana kusa da jinsin da aka bayyana. Ya bambanta da lokacin kaka mai haske a cikin rashin gashin gashi a gaban spiracles, shinge mai launin shuɗi, launin launin toka mai duhu na kirji da ciki, mesoscum tare da raɗaɗin madaidaiciya huɗu. A cikin ciki akwai layuka uku na manyan launin ruwan kasa.
Baya ga nau'ikan da aka bayyana, ana samun sauƙin haihuwar Haematobia, wanda shima yayi kama da fitowar sautin murfin katako (Stomoxys calcitrans).
Malware
Ighteran kwanon rufi mai ɗaukar hoto na inji ne na cututtukan cututtuka daban-daban, haka kuma masu haifarda cututtukan ƙwayar tularemia, maganin ƙwayar cuta, mafitsara, zazzabi, da kuma wasu cututtuka masu haɗari.
Yana nufin vulture. An kafa shi cewa tare da babban hari na masu girki, karuwar yawan garken shanu yana raguwa da 300 g kowace rana, yawan madara - da kashi 20% a rana, abun mai mai raguwa yana raguwa da 0.1%.
Ayyukan hanawa
Ana amfani da matakan masu zuwa don hana bayyanar da yaduwar hasken kaka:
- Cire sharar gida na kan lokaci,
- Neman hanyoyin samar da shara,
- Game da daukakansu da kayan magudanar ruwa domin magudanan ruwa a wuraren kiwon kaji da na dabbobi,
- Shigar da kayan aikin wanki da ruwa,
- Dingan shago lokacin sanyi,
- Yarda da ka'idodin tsabta a cikin masana'antar abinci.
Ayyuka masu faɗaɗa
Hanyar sarrafa magungunan kwaro
- Cikakke tsabtatawa
- Tafiya da koto
- Kama tef ɗin da ke ɗauke da abin da ke jan hankalin kwari
- Amfani da raga, kariya.
Hanyoyin injiniyoyi ba sune manyan hanyoyin sarrafa kwari ba, tunda ba shi yiwuwa a hana yaduwar kwari da taimakonsu da bayar da cikakkiyar kariya ga mutane.
Hanyar sarrafa magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta
Don wargajewar larvae da pupae na kwari, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da larviides iri daban-daban a cikin emulsions dangane da abubuwan da ke aiki na azuzuwan sinadarai daban-daban.
Don murkushe kwari agoan kwari, ana amfani da kwari na duk sanannun kungiyoyi. An yi amfani da gubar guba, kaset mai ɗorewa da zanen gado.
Resistancearfin kwari yakan haifar da amfani da ƙimar abinci mafi guba.
Lokacin rubuta labarin, an kuma yi amfani da wadannan hanyoyin:
Habitat
Babban tushen abinci ga masu wuta shine dabbobi. Gowss larvae ci gaba a cikin taki dabbobi. Saboda haka babban mazaunin kwari shi ne wuraren kiwon dabbobi. Tunda yawanci shanu suna cikin farfajiya guda tare da ginin mazaunin, masu wuta zasu iya tashi zuwa cikin wuraren da suka kaiwa mutum hari.
Sakamakon jaraba ga ƙauyukan ɗan adam, an karɓi ƙarin sunan "ƙauyen ƙauyuka." A zahiri, wannan nau'in ba ya wanzu. Wannan shi ne sunan kowane nau'in synanthropic na jami'an diplomasiyya, waɗanda ke kusa da ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka.
Bayyanar
A cikin hoto, fan kwari kusan ba za'a iya bambance su daga ƙudaje na gida. Wannan saboda duka nau'ikan suna da kusanci sosai a cikin ilimin ilimin halittar jiki da ilmin halitta. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin wannan nau'in kwari shine 7 mm. Haske yana da launin toka mai launi mai ratsa duhu akan kirji da aibobi akan ciki. Launin launin shuɗi na ƙananan ciki, kamar yadda a cikin gida yake, ba ya cikin mai wuta.
Kamar yadda yake a cikin gida, za a iya bambanta namiji daga mace a cikin haske tazarar da ke tsakanin idanun da girman kwari. Idanun mace suna fadi da fadi.
Masu wuta suna da bambance-bambance:
- A cikin yanayi mai natsuwa, fikafikan mai wuta yana da fadi,
- proboscis yaci gaba kamar proboscis na tsetse tashi.
Proboscis an dace da shi don ciyar da jini kuma yana da "haƙora" na chitinous a ƙarshen don shiga cikin jijiyoyin jini da faranti don ciyarwa. Duk mace da namiji suna ciyar da jini.
Sosai
Bayanin Autan Rana na Autumn
A waje da kuma cikin yanayin wurin zama, wannan kwaro kusan bai bambanta da wata nau'in synanthropic: housefly. Wadannan nau'ikan guda biyu suna da girman jiki guda (5.5-7 mm) da launi iri ɗaya. A cikin hoto, ƙwararren masani ne kawai zai iya bambance flipper daga tashi mai tashi. Dukkanin diplomasiyya sune launin toka. A kirji akwai madaurin madaukai na fari.
Amma launi na ciki a cikin haske yana da banbanci: yana da wurare masu duhu a saman ɓangaren ciki, ɓangaren ƙananan ma ana fentin launin toka. A cikin gida, cikin ciki akwai rawaya a ƙasa.
Bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji daidai yake da na gida-gida: mace suna da girma kuma idanunsu sun fi maza girma.
Hasken kaka yana da bambance-bambance daga ninki biyu. A cikin yanayin kwantar da hankula, fikafikan wuta suna da fadi fiye da waɗanda suke a daki. Proboscis yana cikin tsetse kuma an gabatar dashi gaba.
Hanyar iko
A cikin ma'anar kalmar da aka saba, masu wuta ba sa cizo. Suna kashe babban murfin kwayar ciki tare da proboscis, suna samun bayyanar jini. Don hana jini daga sutura, mai wuta zai fitar da mummunan guba a kan yutirin, aikin wanda hakan ke haifar da zafin rai.
A wani lokaci, mace tana iya shan kashi na jini sau biyu nauyinta.
Ana buƙatar jini ga mace don kammala zagayen kiwo. Wanda yake jin yunwa ba zai sami damar kwan ƙwai ba. Sha’awar kiwo shine dalilin da yasa wannan nau’in kwari musamman kwari a bazara.
Masu fashin wuta na iya yin hibernate a kowane mataki na haɓaka, amma har ma a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa + 8 ° C suna yin hibernate. Kafin yin hunturu, yana da kyau mace ta samu lokacin sa ƙwai. A yankuna na kudanci, a yanayin zafi sama, wannan nau'in ƙudaje na iya haifar da shekara duk shekara.
Kiwo
Kwari iri iri cikin sauri. Yana ɗaukar su daga makonni uku zuwa takwas don kammala cikakken zagayen rayuwa, gwargwadon yanayin zafin jiki. Yana ɗaukar kwana 1 kawai don haɓaka kwan ƙwai zuwa matakin larval.
Sake Tsagewa Spawn
A lokacin rayuwarta, macen ta sanya kwai 300-400 cikin daki 25. Repwafin fatalwar yakan faru ne a cikin keɓancewar dabbobi, wani lokacin a tarkace tsire-tsire. Amma suna iya sa ƙwai cikin raunin dabbobi da mutane.
Kwayoyin kiwo na wannan nau'in a wajen mazaunan 'yan Adam an yi rikodin su. An gano 'yan kunan bakin wake a cikin wani yanki na Pelican a cikin Volga delta.
Tsutsa cikin ci gabanta ya wuce matakai uku. A mataki na uku na ci gaba, maggo ya kai tsayi sama da santimita da inci biyu na mm 1. Tare da shekaru, guguwar tayi. A matakin mataki na uku, murfin maggot suna samun launin ruwan kasa. A ƙarshen ci gaba, jefa "fata" na ƙarshe, tsutsa ya juya zuwa cikin chrysalis. A yanayin zafin jiki na + 27-30 ° C, tsutsa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 4-5 don ci gaba daga lokacin da ya bar ƙwaya zuwa ɗalibin.
Kafin ɗalibi, maɓallin yana binne kanta a cikin ƙwayoyin canja wuri zuwa zurfin cm 50 Don haɓakawa na al'ada, ƙwayar pupa tana buƙatar zazzabi na waje kamar 25 ° C da zafi 20 zuwa 40%. Idan an keta yanayin zazzabi da zafi, ci gaban ɗalibi yana da illa.
Pupa kusan 6 mm tsawon tare da dantse a cikin yankin na kai. Launin murfin chitinous launin ruwan kasa ne. Kwaro yana numfashi ta hanyar spiracles dake kan iyakar kashi na 1 da na 2.
A cikin yanayin zafi, cikakken sake zagayowar wannan kwaro daga lokacin sanya ƙwai zuwa girma ya ɗauki kwanaki 6 kawai.
Ci gaban Pupa yana daga kwanaki hudu zuwa bakwai. Wani abu da zai fito daga fitsari yana shirin haihuwa.
Abin da ke da haɗari ga mutane
Kamar kowane 'mai amfani' mai zubar da jini, mai walwala yana iya yada kwayar cuta mai hatsari ga mutane:
- zazzabi,
- tularemia
- jaridan,
- ehrlichiosis,
- anthrax.
Sau da yawa kwari suna zaune kan lalata abubuwa, suna kama kwayoyin cuta a ƙafafunsu da proboscis. A wannan yanayin, lokacin ciyar da jini, suna iya gabatar da kwayoyin cuta a cikin rauni. Amma haɗarin sepsis a cikin wannan yanayin yana da ƙarancin. Jikin mutum zai iya yin tsayayya da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta. Orarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke kawo daga ƙwayoyin cuta yana da haɗari ne kawai ga mutanen da ke da tsarin rigakafi.
Canja wurin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyi da ƙwaya tsutsa aiki ne gama gari na dukkan ƙudaje, gami da sautin kaka.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
M cikin gida na ainihin kwari. A zahiri, yana da kama da na talakawa na gida. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne cewa mai wuta yana da proboscis tare da hakoran chitinous.
Wannan kwaro yana nuna kamar tururi, cin jini, amma a lokaci guda yana son haske da ɗumi. Kallon masu daukar hotokamar ana kallon tashi. Tsawon jikinta shine mm 5-7. Tsarin launi na jiki shine launin toka.
An yi wa ciki ado da kananan aibobi, duk kirjin yana cikin tsiri mai duhu. Proboscis yana madaidaiciya, dan kadan ya lanƙwasa a ƙarƙashin kai don ya sa ƙashin ya ci gaba. Ana amfani da wannan kayan aiki don samun abinci, saboda haka an sanye shi da hakoran chitinous waɗanda zasu iya tarwatsa fata don samun damar shiga cikin farin jinin wanda aka azabtar da shi.
Bambanci tsakanin mace da namiji shine, don a yi magana, akan fuska. Maza suna da ƙanƙanƙun goshi fiye da zaɓaɓɓun su, kuma yana da girman 2/3 na faɗin idanunsa. Kuma ga matar wannan kwaro, fadin goshinsa daidai yake da girman idanu. Don haka, zaka iya iya gani a gani wanene wanene.
Ya kamata a sani cewa wannan nau'in kwari ba wasu ne game da yanayin rayuwa ba. A saboda wannan dalili, ana iya samun saurin tashi a kowane ɗayan wurare masu yanayin - kusan ko'ina cikin duniya. Iyakar abin da banda shi ne High Arewa. Lokacin zabar gida, waɗannan "vampires na fuka-fuki" suna ba da fifiko ga wuraren da koyaushe akwai wani abu da zai amfana.
Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan garken shanu, sarƙoƙi ko daskararru, kamar yadda cin wuta mai wuta musamman jinin shanu. Wannan tayin yana zaɓar gidan da ya dace da haɓakar zuriyar, wato, gaban rigar taki ko ciyawar Rot Rot. Ofarshen bazara - lokacin kaka ana ɗauka lokacin da yawan wuta ke ƙaruwa sosai.
A wannan lokacin ne suke faɗaɗa yankin zaman su tashi zuwa gidajen mutane. An yi imanin cewa da kaka, kwari sukan yi fushi da cizo. A zahiri, saboda jahilci, mutane sukan rikitar da talakawa daga cikin gida tare da ɗan iska, tunda da farko ba zai iya cizo ba.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Mai tashi sama mai sauƙi yana tafiya a daji a ƙarshen bazara. Ita, kamar sauro, ta kan sanya proboscis din ta a cikin fata dabbobi da mutane don samun jininsu.Wannan tsari yana faruwa kamar haka: tare da taimakon hakoran chitinous, babban farfajiyar fata yana narkewa da allura mai guba.
Wannan guba tana hana haduwa da jini domin ya fi dacewa da mai sauƙin ɗaukar jini. Idan babu irin wannan abincin, wannan mai maganin jinin ba zai iya sanya qwai ba kuma zai kasance bakarare. Wanda aka azabtar, a wannan lokacin, yana jin zafi mai kaifi da zafi. Wataƙila saboda waɗannan abubuwan firikwensin ne kuma sunanta tashi wuta.
A cikin hoto wani cizo ne na tashi
Wannan tashi yana ciyar da lokacin hunturu a cikin nau'i uku: larvae, pupae, da kuma manya. Idan yanayin yanayin wannan yankin ya ba da izinin, to aikin ci gaba yana ci gaba. Tsarin zafin jiki wanda ya dace da rayuwar rayuwar kwari shine +15 0 С. Lokacin aikin kwari ne yakan fadi awanni a hasken rana.
Tsarin abinci mai gina jiki na iya ɗaukar minti 2 zuwa awa 1. Idan a karo na farko da ta kasa samun wadatar, to za ta koma ga wanda aka cutar da shi sau da yawa. Wadannan kwari suna da hankali sosai, kuma a mafi ƙarancin barazanar tashi daga nesa. Amma, a lokaci guda, suna dagewa kuma bayan ɗan lokaci sun dawo “zuwa wurin da aka aikata laifin”.
Hadarin dake tattare da irin wannan kwaro ya ta'allaka ne akan cewa sun yi haƙuri da ƙaiƙayi iri-iri. Don haka bayan shan jini daga kowa, ya kasance kan jingina, ko hura wutar, saurin bazara zai iya kawo kamuwa da cuta a cikin rauni na wanda aka azabtar na gaba.
Waɗannan masu ba da iznin jirgi sune jigilar tularemia, anthrax, guba jini da sauran cututtuka masu haɗari. Yadda zaka magance mai siyarwa da tashi kuma ka tsare kanka da danginka? Matakan magance su iri daya ne da na sauran kwari.
Tasirin na inji shine saitin hotunan sauro a windows da kofofin, kazalika sanannen sanyin tashi. Hanyar sinadarai ta ƙunshi yin amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da yawa. Wadannan wuraren kwanciyar hankali, dakuna har ma da tarin tsibi ana sarrafa su da wadannan kwayoyi.
Hakanan za'a iya sananniyar sanannun fumigator tare da faranti na musamman ga wannan dabarar. Babban mahimmancin hanyar nazarin halittu shine amfani da kwari na kwari da ke ciyar da wannan nau'in kwari. Wannan jini mai jini a jiki, galibi, kafafu na wadanda abin ya shafa. Wuraren kwari na tashi da ƙaiƙayi da ƙaiƙayi.
Me zai yi idan dusar ƙurar tashi ta cije wuta?
Da farko kuna buƙatar kwantar da yankin da ya shafa na fata a cikin shawa. Wannan don a hana rashin lafiyan dauki. Idan akwai maganin rigakafi a cikin ɗakin maganin, to, zai fi kyau a saka shi a yankin da abin ya shafa. Idan babu magani, zaka iya zuwa magungunan jama'a. Ofayansu shine ruwan soda.
Ana gasa tablespoon na soda a cikin gilashin ruwan dumi. Banda bandeji ko suturar bakararre yana shafewa da wannan maganin kuma an daidaita shi zuwa wurin cizo tashi tashi. Wadannan ayyuka ya kamata kawar da itching da konewa.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Mai wuta yana ɗaukar jini kawai. Zai fi dacewa, an hada da jinin shanu a cikin abincin. Wani lokacin aladu da dawakai suna ƙarƙashin bindiga. Akwai wasu lokuta idan mai wuta zai sha jinin mutum, amma wannan kawai yakan faru ne idan ya kasance tare da mutum.
A lokacin kiwo, mace ta zama “mai yawan shan wahala". Wannan saboda tana buƙatar jini don qwai girma. Haka kuma, buqatar hakan yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa.
Siffofin halitta da salon rayuwa
Liesarfafa ɗaya ce daga cikin kwari mafi yawan kwari. A yau, akwai nau'ikan sama da dubu 5. Yawancinsu suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na tsire-tsire iri iri, rot, tarkace abinci, feces. Wasu sun sami damar ciji mutane da dabbobi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kwari masu wuta. Tun daga watan Agusta, sukan sa kansu ji ciwo mai rauni.
A waje, suna da kama da kwari da gidan da aka saba. Ko da tare da bincike na kusa, yana da wuya a sami kowane bambance-bambance. Bayan duk, jinsunan biyu suna da launin toka mai kusan iri ɗaya.
A zahiri, bambanci yana cikin proboscis: a cikin wuta, ba kamar kwari na yau da kullun ba, yana da ɗan elongated kuma yana da faranti masu laushi. Tare da taimakonsa, cizon kwari fatar jikin wanda aka cutar dashi kuma yana tsotse jini daga ciki. Tare da aiki iri ɗaya na mutane da dabbobi, maza da mata suna kaiwa hari. Tsotsa a fatar, kwari sa allura mai guba a ciki, wanda ke haifar da ciwo da ƙaiƙayi.
Hadarin haɗari
Mafi sau da yawa fiye da wasu, mutanen da ke da motsi masu motsi suna fuskantar haɗarin kwari na ƙwararrun mata: yara, nakasassu, mutanen da suka manyanta. Bayan harin kwari, kumburi ya zauna akan fatar, tare da jin zafi da kuma itching. Babban haɗarin kai harin ga waɗannan kwari shine cewa su masu ɗaukar manyan cututtuka ne, daga cikinsu akwai:
- sepsis,
- anthrax,
- tarin fuka,
- zazzabi
- dysentery
- cutar shan inna,
- leishmaniasis
- tularemia
- zazzabi mai dawowa
Kwayar cuta mai haɗari na iya shiga jiki ba kawai bayan cizo ba. Idan larvae na kwari da kwari suka bayyana cikin abincin da mutane suka cinye shi, ramin myiasis zai fara haɓakawa a jikinsa.
Hakanan akwai motsi na nama wanda ke haɓaka lokacin da larvae ko ƙwai suka shiga rauni fata. Duk nau'ikan myiasis suna haifar da haɗari ga rayuwar ɗan adam, kuma idan ba a kula da su ba, har ma yana iya kaiwa ga mutuwa.
Ayyuka don cizo na wuta
Nan da nan bayan cizo da wuta, ya zama dole don kwantar da abin da ya shafa na fata, zai fi dacewa da shawa. Bayan wannan, yana da kyau a sha maganin antihistamine kuma a shafa ice cream ko soda a cikin wurin cizon. Tabbatar a hankali kula da rauni tare da hydrogen peroxide, kore mai haske ko aidin. Idan kumburi bai shuɗe ba cikin fewan kwanaki, ya kamata ka nemi taimako daga wurin likita.
Yin rigakafin
Tun da wuta mai haske yake jin ƙaramar barazanar, yana da matukar wahala a kama shi a kan gardama ko kuma a soke shi. Kuna iya kare kanku ta amfani da wannan hanyar sarrafawa wacce ake amfani da ita don lalata ƙudaje na cikin gida: sauro na sauro, kaset da tarko. Idan an samo masonry a cikin gidan, yakamata a kula da wuraren da maganin kashe kwari.
Rayuwa
Kwaro "marassa dacewa" ya yadu ga mutane a duk duniya a yau. Babu masu wuta kawai a cikin Arewa Maso Yamma. A cikin aiwatar da juyin halitta, nau'in ya dace da ciyar da larvae a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Tare da ci gaban wayewar kai da garkuwar dabbobi, mai haske a yanayin kusan kusan ya bace, yana komawa cikin kwanciyar hankali. Don jarabarta ga mazaunin ɗan adam, har ma ta karɓi lakabi da sunan "ƙauyen". Amma wannan adadi yana ƙara zuwa kowane nau'in synanthropic na dipterans.
Kwaro bai rasa ƙarfin rayuwa ba. Hujja ita ce yawan jama'a da aka samo a cikin mulkin mallakar pelicans.
Kusa da mutumin, mai hasken wuta ya sami kyakkyawan mazaunin kansa. A cikin bukka, koyaushe ta ɗora teburin kuma shirye tsari daga sanyi.
Tsarin rayuwa
Lighter suna iya barin zuwa hunturu a kowane mataki na ci gaban su. Amma mafi yawansu ba su daskare lokacin sanyi ba, kodayake a cikin kudanci kasashen za su iya kiwo shekara-shekara. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da digiri +8, kwari sun zama lambobi. Bayan dumama bazara, kwari sukan fara haɓaka yawan jama'a. A lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin bazara, saboda ƙaramin adadin masu wuta, ba a kula dasu ba. Amma wannan nau'in yana haifarwa da sauri a rikodin.
Mace na iya kwanciya har ƙwai 400 a rayuwarta. Cikakken zagayowar haɓakawa a yanayin zafin jiki na + digiri 27-30 ga nau'in yana ɗaukar kwanaki 5 kawai. Tsutsa da ke fitowa daga cikin kwan yana bin kanta a cikin taki kuma can ya shiga dukkan matakai 3 na ci gaba. A wannan lokacin, yana girma cikin tsayi sama da mm 10 mm. A mataki na karshe, ta ɗalibai.
Kafin ɗalibi, tsutsa yana binne kanta a cikin taki zuwa zurfin 50 cm. Kawai ke nan zai iya zubar da fata ta ƙarshe kuma ya juya zuwa cikin kafaɗɗen fiya 6 mm. Launin murfin chitinous launin ruwan kasa ne. Akwai taƙama a ƙarshen kai. Kwaro yana numfasawa ta hanyar yanayin da ke tsakanin sashin farko da na biyu. Pupa yana hutawa tsawon kwanaki 4-7. Imago ya rigaya ya shirya don kiwo.
Don haɓakawa na al'ada, ƙwayar cutar ta buƙaci zafi na 20-40% da zazzabi na waje na +25 digiri. A keta tsarin mulkin, cikakken imago ba zai ci gaba ba. A cikin yankuna masu yanayin zafi sosai, cikakken sake zagayawa daga kwai zuwa kwaro na balaguro na ɗaukar kwanaki 6 kawai.
Tsarin haila ya tashi kwari
A irin wannan adadin kiwo, karamin nau'in a farkon lokacin bazara ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa da damina da damuna. Sabbin tsararraje masu kwari sukan fara haihuwar cikin sauri. Tunda flask ɗin yana buƙatar jini don nasarar kiwo, kwari yakan fara kai farmaki akan duk wasu kwayoyin masu jin jini. Sha'awar haifuwa da adadin explainsan adam sun yi tsokaci game da yanayin zafin kwari da ke tashi.
Saboda wannan halayyar, a ƙarshen bazara, mai wuta ya sami lakabi na biyu “Autumn”.
Abin da za a yi da cizo
A wurin cizon cizo sau da yawa ana samun haushi mai yawa tare da kumburi kyallen takarda mai taushi. Idan wuta ta ciji da mai saurin wuta, za a wanke wurin da ciwan nan da nan tare da ruwan sanyi domin rage zafin fata. Idan akwai magungunan rigakafi a cikin gidan, ana iya amfani dasu don sauƙaƙa matsalar rashin lafiyan. Idan akwai jin zafi da ƙaiƙayi a wurin ciji, zaku iya amfani da kankara, ruwan shafawa tare da soda da sauran hanyoyin da zasu iya rage rashin jin daɗi. Magungunan kwaro na rigakafi sun dace.
Dole ne a tsage rauni. Idan rashin lafiyan a wurin ciji bai tafi ba, dole ne ka nemi likita.
Tsarin Proboscis
Don samun damar daskarar da fatar dabbobi, 'yan lighter sun sami proboscis tare da faranti na musamman. Sashin jiki mai kauri ne, bakin ciki da tsawo, dan kadan yana ci gaba. Ya ƙare tare da faranti tsotsa na musamman wanda aka shafe tare da hakoran chitinous. A yayin kai hari kan dabba, faranti suna motsawa, kuma adadin hakora suna karya saman farfajiyar fata. Proboscis coloration baki mai rauni
Larvae
A matakin lardin, zuriya masu haske suna launin fari da launin fari. A farkon shekarun su masu gaskiya ne, tsawon kwanciyar hankali mai sanyin jiki shine mm 1.2. Ta hanyar shekaru uku suna girma zuwa mm 11-12. Jiki ya ƙunshi sassa 8. Locatedarar ƙaramin spikes yana kan kirjin. A bangarorin ciki daga na biyu zuwa na bakwai sune fashewar bututu. Jinyar numfashi a kashi na takwas. Tsutsa ba shi da wata gabar jiki, yana motsawa tare da taimakon tubercles da spikes.
Siffofin Yaduwa
Namiji da na maza na mata masu walƙarar kaka sun bambanta da tsarin gabobi da goshi. Maza suna da kunkuntar goshin, lissafin 2/3 na faɗin idanu. Matan suna da fadi, suna da kusan daidai da girman ido. Liesari-kwari kwari ne tare da cikakken canji. Tsarin rayuwarsu kwanaki 5-20 ne kawai. Kwanaki 2-3 bayan barin pupa, manya a shirye suke domin daskarewa da haihuwa. Don kwanciya ƙwai, mace zaɓi wuraren da kwayoyin halitta ke lalata - taki, ciyawar takin, tarin.
A cikin ɗayan ɓoyayyun akwai daga 100 zuwa 130 fararen ƙwai na siffar elongated. A lokacin rayuwar, mace guda tana sanya cuwarewa 5-7. Kafin bayyanuwar tsutsa, sa'o'i 10 zuwa 24 sun shude. Lokacin ci gaba, yana molt sau biyu kuma yana canza shekaru uku. A zazzabi mai kwalliya don kwari (+ 27-30 ° C) bayan kwanaki 4-5, tsutsa ya juya ya zama dun-dun-dunu. Murfin shekaru na uku ya taurare kuma ya sami launi mai launin shuɗi. A waje, Pu ɗin yayi kama da kwalin gwiwa, tsayinsa ya kai mm 6 mm. A shafin yanar gizon, ƙaramin faɗaɗawa. Hannun fitsari suna kan iyakar sashi na farko da na biyu A cikin zafi, dukkan matakai daga kwan kwai zuwa ƙanƙan wuta mai haske a cikin kwanaki 6.
Kafin pupation, larvae matsa zuwa taki tare da danshi abun ciki ba fiye da 20-40%. Ana lura da mafi girman maida hankali a wuri tare da zazzabi na + 25 °. Pupa yana iya kasancewa a cikin zurfin har zuwa cm 50. Girgiza zafin jiki da gumi suna cutar da yanayin ta. Haɓakar Pupa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 4-7; wani tsalle mai tsayi ya fito daga rago.
Hankali. Autumn larvae larvae mutu a zazzabi na + 52 ° C.
Taimako na farko ga cizon wuta
Insectsarnukan kwari masu yawa suna zaɓa tsakanin mutane marasa taimako - yara ƙanana, mutane masu nakasa, suna bacci. Yawancin lokaci ciji da kafafu. Saboda ƙwayar da aka saka a cikin rauni, abin mamaki da ƙonewa ke fitowa.
Wanda ya ji rauni yana buƙatar taimakon farko:
- Sanya yankin da abin ya shafa tare da kankara.
- Bi da rauni tare da maganin antiseptik.
- Don sauƙaƙe itching, ana shawarar soda lotions.
- Yakamata a bai wa mutane damar kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta.
- Idan kwana daya ko biyu bayan ciji, wanda aka azabtar ya ji ba shi da lafiya, ya kamata ka je asibiti. Zai yiwu kamuwa da cuta.
Injiniyan
- Shigar da gidan sauro a windows da kofofin.
- Amfani da tarkuna don kwari, waɗanda aka yi da filastik ko kwantena gilashin katako a ciki.
- Tapear tef ɗin masing ɗin rataye a cikin ɗakuna. Magungunan kwari masu inganci masu haɗari, amma babu kamshin mutane.
Chemical
Don hana yaduwar kwari ta amfani da hanyoyin injina kawai ba zai yi aiki ba. Don cikakken warwatse, za a buƙaci magunguna masu guba.
- A kan manya, rigakafin kwari, ana amfani da guguwan guba.
- Rushe larvae da pupae suna taimakawa magungunan kashe qwari na musamman - larvicides.