An sassaka ƙyallen ƙwarya, ƙyallen burodi ne abinci,
Irin ƙwaro ƙudan zuma
Coleoptera (Gwoza) - Coleoptera
Gurasar Abincin Gurasa - Kwaro mai yalwar amfanin gona da hatsi na daji. Babban tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa: alkama, hatsin rai, sha'ir, alkama, alkama, fescue, gero, masara, hatsi, chumiza, kaolin. Yana lalata seedlingsan ofanyen caca na Magaleb. Akwai abinci mai gina jiki a kan beets da amfanin gona na bishiyoyi, ba tare da halayen taro ba. Yin bisexual. Ci gaban ya cika. Gwoza overwinter. A lokacin girma, ƙarni ɗaya ke tasowa.
Danna hoto don faɗaɗawa
Ilimin halittar jiki
Imago. Irin ƙwaro 1.2 - 2 mm tsawo, 0.6 - 0.8 mm fadi, m - oblong, convex, pronotum riga elytra. Launin launuka galibi baƙi ne, kai da karin haske tare da launin shuɗi ko kore mai ƙarfe. A kan kowane elytra, madaurin tsinkaye mai rawaya.
An rufe kansa da dige mafi kyau fiye da pronotum. Rawaya rawaya na elytra tare da shimfidar kaifi, a gindi ba ya lanƙwasa ko dai ciki ko na waje. Ana iya kwance iyakar sutiri daga waje ta jerin dige. Shins da kafafu baƙi, gwiwoyi rawaya.
Abubuwa huɗu na farkon na eriyoyi suna da launin shuɗi. Elytra mai haske, an rufe shi da layuka masu ɗumbin yawa.
Dimorphism na jima'i
Individualsan kishili sun bambanta a tsarin gabobin maza. Siffofin jima'i na sakandare iri ɗaya ne da na duk wakilan dangin ƙwayar ganye (Chrysomelidae).
Kwai kodadde rawaya, tsayi 0.5 mm.
Tsutsa fari, silinti a siffar. Scleritis ba a ganuwa ba, ban da sashin ƙarshe na ciki. Yana da ƙarfi sclerotized da kuma ɗaukar wani spiky tsari. Tsutsa tsayi 3.5 mm ne.
Phenology na ci gaba (a cikin kwanaki)
Ci gaba
Imago overwinter a cikin bel bel, gully, ravines, gandun daji a cikin saman ƙasa Layer kuma a karkashin tarkace na shuka. Buƙatun wuraren cin nasara suna mai da hankali kan kan iyakoki tare da filayen. Suna farka a farkon bazara kuma a zazzabi na + 8 ° C - + 10 ° C tashi zuwa filayen. Da farko, amfanin gona na hunturu da hatsi na daji suna mamaye. Sai suka tashi zuwa seedlings na noman rani. Wannan mafi yawan alkama ne, alkama da masara, ƙarancin hatsi.
Lokacin yanka an lura da zafin jiki + 17 ° C - + 20 ° C. Wannan shine lokacin babban aikin beetles. A wannan lokacin, suna ciyar da rayayye da yawa. Mace sa ƙwai a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 1 to 3 cm.
Kwai. Tsawon lokacin tayi ne ya dogara da yanayin yanayi.
Tsutsa nuna da ci gaba a cikin ƙasa. Suna lalata ƙananan asalinsu, amma ba sa haifar da lahani ga tsire-tsire.
Doll. Larvae pupate a cikin earthen cradles, a cikin wuraren ciyar. Pupa yana tasowa cikin kimanin makonni biyu.
Imago fito daga pupae a rabi na biyu na bazara. Yawancin kwari suna karuwa cikin sauri. A wannan lokacin, suna ciyar da ganyayyaki na hatsi iri-iri, suna cutar masara. Bayan mun girbe, ƙwayoyin gandun daji sun tashi zuwa wuraren hunturu.
Siffofin haɓaka. A cikin shekarar, ƙarni ɗaya ke haɓaka.
Tsarin ilimin halittar dan adam
A cikin ilimin halittar mutum (bayyanar), dattijon yana kusa da nau'in halittar da aka bayyana Phyllotreta schreineri. An bambanta ta da gaban ɗigo-ɗigon ɗigon fari akan kai da pronotum, da kuma farin ƙarfe, shuɗi da shuɗi mai haske. Hanyoyin rawaya na elytra suna da fadi kuma suna lanƙwasa ciki a gindin, kuma a waje da kafada suna zuwa kusa da gefen gefen. Abubuwan da aka tsara a jikin makada ba su da matsala, sannu a hankali sun zama baƙar fata. Tibiae da tarsi galibi suna da launin rawaya gaba daya.
Bayan wannan nau'in, ana samun Flea mai ƙafar ƙafa (Phyllotreta nemorum), wanda shima yayi daidai da ilimin ɗan adam ga tsofaffi tare da ƙwayar burodin-Fread (Phyllotreta vittula).
Rarrabawa
Dangane da wurin a cikin rarrabuwa dabbobi, gurasar burodi ya kasance cikin tsarin Coleoptera, ko Beetles, dangin ƙwayar ganye, ƙabilar Chaetocnema.
Wani dangi na kusa da abincin burodi shine wata kwaro na amfanin gona na hatsi - tushe ƙamshi. Ita 'yar dan uwan jaruma ce, kuma ta kasance ta hanyar Phyllotreta ce. Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, kara tamowa ta lalata mafi girma da tsirrai, yayin da abincin burodi ya ƙware a ganyayyaki.
Bayanin
Gurasar burodi karami ne mai girman gaske, tsayinsa ya kai milimita biyu kuma tsawonsa yakai takwas na millimita mai fadi, kwari mai launi iri biyu mai ratsin launin rawaya biyu. Don wannan ingancin, ƙwayar cuta ana kiranta ƙwayar burodi mai taguwa.
Nuna bambancin jima'i a cikin waɗannan kwari an bayyana shi sarai, amma duk da haka, za'a iya lura da wasu bambance-bambance a cikin wakilan masu jinsi daban-daban. Wannan yafi dacewa da tsarin gabobin jiki.
Taimako! Nuna bambancin Jima'i yana nufin bayyananniyar bambance banbancen tsakanin maza da mata.
Malware
Gurasar burodin abinci mai ƙera itace hatsari mai hatsarin hatsi da masara da sha'ir. Masara da hatsi suna yin lahani kaɗan. Tsarin ciyawar da kwaro ya hada da alkama, sha'ir, hatsin rai, gero, masara, chumizu, hatsin rai, ciyawar alkama, fesar, bluegrass da sauran hatsi. Da wuya a lalata cutar beets, amfanin gonar gicciye, anisi da antipka ceri.
Adult kwari cutar, musamman ma a cikin bazara. Gwoza ta goge jikin daga saman ganye. Yankunan da aka lalace suna kama da kunkuntar tsummoki da kuma wuraren da aka watse ko'ina cikin ganye. A cikin seedlings, manya da farko ciji fi na ganye, sa'an nan kuma dukan farantin. Tare da lalacewa mai mahimmanci, albarkatun gona sun zama launin toka-toka-toka.
Lalacewa cikin hatsi na bazara ana yin shi ne a matakin ƙwanƙwasawa daga ƙasa, kuma in babu abubuwan shigowa, ɓangaren tsire-tsire sun lalace.
Lalacewa yana rage girma da ci gaban tsirrai, yana rage yawan hatsi.
A mafi yawan hatsari kwaro a cikin shekaru tare da farkon spring fari.
Matsalar tattalin arziƙi an ƙaddara shi a cikin nau'in seedling, an kafa shi lokacin da aka gano kwayoyi 300 a cikin buguna 100 tare da ƙwayar malam buɗe ido, ko kuma tare da matsakaicin adadin mutane 25-65 na ƙwaro kamar murabba'in filin.
Yaɗa
Matsakaicin kewayon abincin burodi mai taguwa yana da faɗi sosai. Ya ƙunshi kusan dukkanin Turai, Arewacin Afirka, Tsakiya da Gabas ta Asiya. A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, ana iya samun kwaro a duk yankin da ake noma ciyawar hatsi: daga Kaliningrad zuwa Nakhodka.
A yanayi, kwari suna zaune a makiyaya, filaye, da sauran wurare masu wadatar hatsi da tsirrai na tsiro na daji.
Amfanin gona
Ganyayyaki, galibi amfanin gona, ya lalata amfanin gona. Mafi sau da yawa, suna lalata alkama na bazara da sha'ir, amma ƙwaro ba su da ƙunar hatsi.
Baya ga waɗannan albarkatun gona, gurasar burodin abinci ta ƙare akan irin shuka:
- masara
- hatsin rai
- gero
- Chumiz,
- ryegrass
- tsire-tsire na hatsi na daji: ciyawar alkama, fescue, bluegrass.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Ba kamar yawancin kwari ba, a cikin wata taguwar taguwa, larvae suna yin mafi yawan lalacewar tsirrai, amma manya.
Etudan zuma suna ci kusa da sashin ganye, saboda haka hana shuka babban rabo na chlorophyll.
Rayuwa
Beetwararrun ƙwaro na kaka suna kaka-kaka a kan hunturu a cikin shingen tituna, a cikin bel, kwari da katako ba kusa da filayen shuka ba. A can, a ƙarƙashin wani ɓoyayyen ganye, suna tsira lokacin sanyi a shekara.
Lokacin da rana ta bazara ta hura iska zuwa 7-11 digiri Celsius, taguwar burodin fleas tashi zuwa makiyaya tare da hatsi ciyawar daji da filayen da aka shuka tare da amfanin gona na hunturu, to, bayan fitowar bazara, zuwa noman rani, inda ciyawar fari da mafi yawan ganye ke bayyana.
A zazzabi na 17-20 digiri, da irin ƙwaro fara aboki. Bayan haka, mace ta faɗi a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin zurfin santimita 1-3, ƙaramin rabin milimita, tsinkaye mai launin shuɗi.
Ba da daɗewa ba, dangane da yanayin yanayi, larvae ya fito daga qwai, wanda kusan ba shi da lahani ga tsirrai masu keɓewa. Suna ciyar da ƙananan tushen hatsi da ciyawa. Anan, a cikin ƙasa na sama, larvae pupate. A cikin bayyanar, larvae yayi kama da ƙarami, tsawon tsayi na 3,5, guntun rawaya tare da nau'i biyu na kafafu kuma ɓangaren ƙarshe na jiki ya karu.
A karo na biyu na bazara, manya taguwar burodi fleas bayyana daga pupae, wanda daga baya tafi a cikin hunturu, bayan ya gabata ziyarci seedlings na amfanin gona hunturu.
A cikin shekara ɗaya kacal, tarar burodin burodi yana ba da ƙarni na cikakkiyar tsarin kiwo.
Ikon kwaro
Game da gwagwarmayar yaƙi da taguwar abincin burodi, nau'ikan ayyuka biyu sun bambanta:
Na farko, matakan tsufa, ana nufin rage kyakkyawa da hana yaduwar kwari. Sun haɗa da irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru:
- Rike lokacin bazara lokacin shuka. Gudun lokacin zai ba da damar seedlingsan itacen su zama coan sandar kadan, wanda hakan zai rage kwarjinin su a matsayin kayan abinci na ƙammar burodi.
- Sako sarrafawa a kusa da murabba'in amfanin gona. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman yayin lalata tsire-tsire na hatsi.
- Yin amfani da takin zamani na ma'adinai zai lalata fleas tare da kwayoyin ƙasa da larvae.
- Koda shuka zuwa zurfin da ya fi dacewa zai ba da izinin tsire-tsire girma da sauri, kafin lokacin tsara kwari.
- Namo irin waɗannan nau'ikan hatsi, musamman alkama, waɗanda ke da ganyayyaki na farji.
Hanyoyin sarrafa magungunan sunadarai sun hada da lura da wuraren da aka shuka tare da maganin kwari iri daban-daban:
- kwayoyin mahaifa
- maganin kwayoyin cuta
- neonicotinoids.
Ana bada shawarar yin irin wannan aikin a gaban bugun 30-50 a kowane murabba'in filin a yayin aikin gani.
Abin baƙin ciki, ba mu iya nemo bidiyon game da ƙarar burodin ba. Madadin haka, za mu ba ku littattafai game da wani kwaro na hatsi - ɗan ƙwaro Kuzka, wanda mahaifiyarsa Nikita Khrushchev ta yi alkawarin nunawa Amurkawa a cikin sanannen jawabin nasa.
Yaren mutanen Sweden tashi
Tsawon tsayin mutum na ɗan ƙaramin ƙaho na Sweden ya tashi daga 1.5 zuwa 3 mm, kuma 2 zuwa 5 na hawan keke ke faruwa a cikin shekarar. Larvae zaune a cikin Trunks ko spikelets na shuka.
Suna lalata babban hatsi da hatsi na hatsi, har da ganye da hatsi. Shuke-shuke da Sweden ta shafa sun mutu ko kuma an tsawaita, wanda hakan na iya haifar da asarar rabin amfanin.
- iri iri tare da shirye-shiryen m kafin shuka,
- amfani da takin mai magani na nitrogen,
- spraying amfanin gona tare da kwari a lokacin taro tashi na Yaren mutanen Sweden tashi da kwanciya qwai,
- ciyawar ciyawa, matattarar hatsi mai zurfi na kaka.
Hessian tashi
Kwari biyu masu fikafiki biyu daga cikin gidan ma'abotan gumaka. Ya yi kama da sauro a cikin siffar jikin mutum, tsayin 2 mm.
Hessian ta tashi - ɗayan manyan kwari na hatsin rai da alkama, kuma tana shafar sha'ir da sauran ciyawar hatsi. Ganye-fari fari-fari tsakanin 1.5 mm a tsawon abinci akan juices na matasa mai tushe da ganye. Shuke-shuke da abin ya shafa na tashi sama kuma suna bayar da ƙarancin abinci, yawancin hatsi da aka lalace suna mutu gaba ɗaya.
Hanyoyin magance kwaro:
- chaffinch ciyawa makwanni 3 bayan an gama girbi da iska,
- zaɓi na mafi kyau duka kwanakin shuka amfanin gona hunturu,
- namo garin durum alkama wanda baya iya cutarwa ga kwaro,
- yin amfani da takin zamani.
Alkama na alkama
The thrips tsutsa tsiro a cikin kunne da hibernates karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin bazara, ya juya ya zama babban mutum, wanda a lokacin samuwar kunnuwan alkama ya sanya sabon ƙwai.
Alkama alkama ya tsotse ruwan lemon daga kunne yana lalata shi. Ayyukan kwaro yana haifar da rauni na hatsi da raguwa da adadinsu.
Hanyar sarrafa kwaro:
- nan da nan bayan an girbe, ciyawar ciyawa da kuma zurfin ciyawar ƙasa,
- biyun biyun bi yarda
- yin amfani da takin mai magani na phosphate,
- amfani da sunadarai.
Gurasar burodi
Kuraron burodi ne na manya da ke haifar da illa ga amfanin gona. Suna lalata albarkatu kamar Gurasar bazara da na hunturu, cin hatsi masu laushi da ƙyamar waɗanda ba su da ƙarfi daga spikelets. Larvae yana lalata tushen gurasar bazara, sunflower da masara, da beets na sukari.
- peel bayan an girbe,
- zurfin yin noma kafin shuka,
- girbi alkama a cikin kyakkyawan lokacin,
- da amfani da kwari.
Matattara
Wadannan karin kwari masu cin ganye suna da filaye. Yaro babban kwari ne na fata tsakanin 2 mm tsawo, tsutsa fararen fata ne, tsawonsa, tsawon mm 3.
Gurasar burodin guragu tana haifar da mummunar illa ga kusan duk amfanin gona, musamman sha'ir bazara da alkama.
- spraying tsaba tare da kwari kafin shuka,
- farkon shuka amfanin gona,
- spraying filayen da sunadarai.
Kara
Larvae dolong, fari, har zuwa 5 mm tsayi, tsofaffin mutane sune berayen baƙin ƙarfe har zuwa tsawon mm 2.5.
Kudancin da ke ciyar da tsiro na hatsi suna haifar da lalacewa mafi yawa, suna haifar da mutuwar shuka. Suna haifar da lalacewa mafi yawa amfanin gona na sha'ir na bazara da alkama, ƙarancin zai iya sha alkama na hunturu da hatsi.
Hanyar ma'amala da ƙwararrun burodin burodi mai kara:
- farkon shuka amfanin gona,
- amfani da takin zamani wanda ke hanzarta shuka tsiro,
- spraying amfanin gona da kwari,
- ciyawa mai kaifi, matse mai zurfi na ƙasa nan da nan bayan an girbe.
Gurasar burodi
Kulla kwari sune rukuni na kwari daga dangin kwari. Sun lalata abinci kuma hatsi: hunturu da alkama na bazara, da hatsin rai da sha'ir. Sakamakon ayyukan kwaro, ƙwayar ta juya launin rawaya da bushe, hatsi ya rasa halayen abinci mai gina jiki da kuma ikon tsiro.
Babban hanyoyin gwagwarmaya:
- halittar yanayi mai kyau don haihuwar kwayoyi masu cin kwai (microfanurus, telenomus),
- da amfani da kwari,
- girbi a cikin lokaci na kakin zuma ripeness bi da sauri zaɓi na bushe Rolls.
Fatarar Marasa
Yaro babban malam buɗe ido ne har zuwa 2 cm tsayi, launin toka mai launi. Cututtukan da ke ciyar da ganyayyaki shuka ya wuce matakai shida a cikin haɓakarsu, suna kai tsawon 1-1.2 cm.
Tsutsa cikin tsiro na hatsi ya juya ganyen tsiron a cikin karkace kuma yana ciyarwa a cikin bututun da aka kafa, kuma daga wani mataki na ci gaba zai samu zuwa warin girma kuma yana lalata shi. A wuraren tarwatsa taro na ganyen ganye, karancin hatsi da ya tashi sakamakon lalacewar amfanin gona da wannan kwaro zai iya kaiwa kusan kashi 15 a kowace kadada.
- bin ka'idodin juyar da amfanin gona,
- Hanyoyin sunadarai: fesawa tare da kwari na tsalle mai ɗaukar albarkatu na tsawon mita 100-150.
Na kowa
Babban aphid shine herbivore tsotsa kwari. Cin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, yana lalata ganye, wanda a sakamakon haka ya zama rawaya ya bushe. Girma a cikin amfanin gona yana raguwa, yawan aiki yana raguwa, aphids hatsi sukan mutu gaba daya.
Manyan hanyoyin gwagwarmaya sun hada da:
- ciyawa, ciyawa da yawa a cikin kaka,
- yin amfani da takin mai magani da kuma takin zamani.
- burodi na bazara,
- lura da filin tare da kwari.
Babban
Wannan kwaro yana zaune akan dukkan amfanin gona na hatsi, yana zaune mai tushe, ganye da kunnuwa. Jikin yana kusan tsawon 2.5-3 mm, kore mai launin shuɗi. Yana haifar da sauri: a karkashin yanayi mai kyau, 10-12 sababbin tsararru na aphids na iya bayyanawa a cikin bazara ɗaya.
Abhids na karawa suna cutar da hunturu da alkama na bazara da sha'ir, da kuma hatsin rai, hatsi da masara.
Ikon kwaro:
- ciyawar ciyawa da kaka,
- farkon shuka amfanin gona,
- amfani da takin zamani wanda ke hanzarta haɓakar tsire-tsire kuma yana sa su zama da tsayayya ga lalacewa.
Opomiza alkama
Futowa mai launin shuɗi ne, har tsawon mm 4 mm. Qwai na sanya hibernate a cikin ƙasa, tare da farawar bazara, larvae ta fito daga garesu, wanda ke ciji ciwan albarkatu na hatsi, yin motsawa a cikinsu.
Yana halakar da lalacewar alkama na hunturu, hatsin rai da sha'ir. A cikin tsire-tsire masu cutar opomosis, ganye ya fara bushewa, sannan kuma mai tushe.
- iri iri tare da kwari,
- zaɓi na lokaci mafi kyau duka don shuka.
Alkama tashi
Kwaro yana da wadata. Tsawon jikin mutum har zuwa 5 mm, baƙar fata launi, fari larvae, har tsawon mm 8 mm.
A larvae cizo a cikin tushe, yin karkace hanya a cikin shugabanci na karu. Sprouts na bazara amfanin gona shafi da kwaro kafin tillering, a matsayin mai mulkin, mutu gaba daya.
Hanyar ma'amala da tashi na alkama:
- iri iri na hunturu amfanin gona tare da kwari,
- ciyawa da ciyawa nan da nan bayan an gama girbi da bishiyar ƙasa mai zurfi,
- spraying na marginal ratsi na amfanin gona tare da kwari.
Sauro gero
Tsutsa na zamani na ƙarshe yana da launi mai launin ruwan-baki, ɗan mazan yana da jikin duhu mai haske ciki. Tare da yanayi mai kyau don lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, ƙarni uku ko huɗu na wannan kwaro suna sarrafa su bayyana. Sauro na gero na farkon ƙarni na bazara ya sa ƙwai akan ciyayi, kuma larvae ya inganta a cikin su.
Yawancin al'ummomi masu zuwa da suka bayyana lokacin bazara sun cika gero lokacin furanni. Wannan yana haifar da lalacewar hatsi na shuka (ƙaranci).
- sako tare da ciyawa,
- lura da ilmin sauro na sauro tare da maganin kwari.
Elia Hanci
Yana da rawaya mai launin shuɗi kusan 1 cm; a bayansa akwai tsarin farin fari da baƙaƙen fata baki ɗaya. Larvae har zuwa 7.5 mm tsawo, an rufe shi da ratsi mai duhu. Generationaya daga cikin ƙarni na sarrafawa don ci gaba a cikin shekara guda.
Elia yana haifar da mummunar lalacewar amfanin gona na hatsin rai, alkama, sha'ir, mai. Larvae farko ciyar a kan ruwan 'ya'yan itace na matasa mai tushe da ganye, to, ripening hatsi. Manya kuma suna ciyar da hatsi. Tsohon rage ingancin amfanin gona, na karshen - yawa.
- aikace-aikacen chaffinch plowing,
- lalata larvae da manya tare da kwari,
- farkon girbi.
Mafi kyawun kwaro na karas shine tashi mai karas. Yadda za a magance wannan kwari, karanta a cikin labarin.
'Ya'yan tsuntsayen' kwari '' 'kwari' 'ƙananan kwari masu tsalle-tsalle waɗanda ake kira "aladu". Za ku iya gano abin da waɗannan kwari ke ci a kan hanyar haɗin yanar gizon https://stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/selxoz/delfacidy.html.
Kusar kai-guga
Manya suna da kamannin jikin mutum wanda ba a barin sa, tsawonsa ya kai cm 1. Kwari ta sa hunturu a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma a lokacin bazara sun sa ƙwayayensu. Daga waɗannan, larvae sun bayyana, a cikin watanni biyu suna juyawa cikin manya.
Larvae cika alkama, sha'ir da wasu albarkatu. Hakanan, manya suna cin hatsi. Ayyukan kwaro yana haifar da raguwa a cikin inganci da yawa na amfanin gona.
Yin gwagwarmayar da kwari mai kaifi:
- ciyawar ciyawa da kuma filayen filawar bayan girbi,
- da amfani da kwari.
Amfanin gona na alkama, waɗanda suke da mahimmancin tattalin arziki kuma suka mamaye wurare, suna buƙatar kulawa mai dacewa. Sanin hanyoyin kula da kwaro da aikace-aikacensu na zamani zai guji asara a cikin inganci da adadin amfanin gona da waɗannan kwari ke haifar.
Bayyanar ƙyamar burodi
Kwaro na wannan nau'in tsayinsu ya kai mm 1.5-2.5. Launi mai launi tare da sheen koren kore ko farin tagulla. Kwandon burodin da aka kwace yana da fitila mai rawaya mai haske akan elytra. Akwai maki a kan ɓangaren parietal na kai da na goshi.
Babban burodin burodi (Chaetocnema aridula).
Larva rawaya, har zuwa 3.5 millimeters a cikin girman. Jikinta ya rufe da gashi mai kauri. A sashi na karshe jikin ya zube. Gurasar burodi tana da nau'i biyu na kafafu biyu.
Iri gurasar burodi
Nau'ikan burodi iri biyu sune na gama gari:
Kara burodin burodi yana da jikin convex na siffar rashin iyawa. Launi mai duhu ne da tagulla tare da koren kore, cinyoyin gaba suna da launin shuɗi-launi. Akwai dige a kai da na baya.
Alkama mai kara (Chaetocnema hortensis).
Manyan burodin burodi - launi mara nauyi na tagulla. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 2.5-3 millimeters. Akwai ƙananan dige akan pronotum da goshi, gibin da ke tsakanin su ya ninka girma da dige da kansu.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Habitat mazaunin gida
Gurasar burodin abinci a Yankin Turai na Rasha, a Siberiya da Tsakiyar Asiya, a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Caucasus da Transcaucasia. Kwayoyi da hatsi ke shafawa a Yammacin Turai, China, Arewacin Afirka. A dabi'a, ana samo su a cikin filaye tare da amfanin gona na hatsi, makiyaya da sauran wuraren da nau'ikan tsire-tsire na hatsi ke tsiro. Don hunturu, fleas suna samun mafaka ga ganyayyaki da suka fadi a cikin gandun daji da fadama. Ba sa tashi nesa da wuraren cin abincinsu. Karin kwari suna cin amfanin gonar hatsi na hunturu. Amma da fitowar amfanin gona na noman rani na shuka ya yadu sosai.
Bayyanar yanayi da nau'in burodin burodi
Sunan da ya dace na kwari kwari ne mai cinye gurasa, iri biyu ya wakilta:
- kara - launi mai duhu na tagulla tare da jigilar ƙwaƙwalwa mai lalacewa cikin tsayi daga 1.5 zuwa 2.5 millimita,
- babba - tare da tsawon jikin mutum har zuwa 3.2 millimeters.
Tsakanin kansu, waɗannan nau'ikan kwari sun bambanta ba kawai a cikin tsayin jiki ba, har ma a cikin tazara tsakanin maki da ke kan goshi da baya. A cikin kara gogewa, nisan dake tsakanin maki daidai yake da girman su, kuma a cikin babba yana da kusan ninki biyu kamar girman ma'aunin maki. A waje, kwari suna kama da juna. Ruwan elongated, da ɗan convex jikin launi mai duhu tare da launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi, tare da rawanin rawaya a cikin elytra. Breadaramar burodi mai romo ya fi son cin ganyen alkama, yayin da babba ya ci ganye. Ta hanyar jima'i, kwari suna da wahalar rarrabewa, kawai tsarin gabobin maza ya ba mu damar bambance wakilan jinsi ɗaya daga wani.
Kwayoyin suna girma cikin ƙarni ɗaya. Bayan wintering, lokacin da iska zazzabi sama da kyau, mace fara kwai kwanciya a cikin babba ƙasa Layer. Larvae basu iya haifar da babbar illa ga amfanin alkama. Suna ciyar da ciyawa da ƙananan tushen tsiro. Kodayake, girma, suna motsawa zuwa ga mai tsiro na tsire-tsire, tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga gare su. Amma, a cikin rabi na biyu na bazara, pupae, juyawa zuwa cikin ƙwayoyin tsofaffi, ɗauka burin ƙwanƙwasa ƙarancin hatsi na hunturu kafin ɓoye don hunturu. Eggsaƙƙarfan ƙwaƙƙwarar ƙwaƙƙwarar ƙwaƙwalwa masu launin fari zuwa girman miliyon. Daga garesu sun fito daga larvae mai tsawon fata har zuwa milimita 1-2, sannan kuma pupae mai launin duhu wanda ke haɓaka cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya zama manya, matasa.
Hankali: mafi kyawun yanayin yanayi don ci gaba da yaduwar ƙwayoyin ƙwaro suna zafi da fari!
Matakan sarrafa abincin burodi
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don magance ƙuyar burodin:
Measuresa'idodin Agrotechtey na ba da izini ba tare da yin amfani da magunguna ba don ware haɗarin yaduwar ƙira a filayen da aka shuka. Koyaya, idan da bazara ta zama tayi laushi da zafi, kuma kwari kwari suka mamaye, to ba za'a iya hana hanyoyin noma ba. Magungunan sunadarai sun haɗa da fesa tare da organophosphorus, ƙwayoyin organochlorine, neonicotinoids da pyrethroids.
Hanyoyin agrotechnical
Ana amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin ba kawai don magance ƙwaryar burodin ba, har ma a matsayin matakan hanawa. Masu binciken masana ilimin burbushin halitta sun ba da shawara:
- aiwatar da shuka hatsi na hatsi bazara da wuri-wuri domin seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings su samu lokacin zama mai coaukewa kuma sun rasa kyawunsu ga kwaro,
- yaƙar ciyayi a kusa da filayen shuka, musamman tare da tsire-tsire hatsi na hatsi,
- takin zamani na ma'adinai da ke taimakawa kan halakar kwari lardin,
- yi amfani da nau'in hatsi waɗanda suka fi tsayayya wa ƙwayar burodi, alal misali, alkama tare da ganyen farjin,
- tabbatar ko da shuka tare da mafi kyau duka shigar azzakari cikin farji. Wannan yana bawa tsire-tsire girma cikin sauri kafin lokacin kwaro,
- lura da jujin amfanin gona
- Gwargwadon ƙasa ku rabu da wuraren yanar gizon wintering na ɓarnar ƙwaro.
Chemical
Kula da amfanin gona tare da wakilai masu kashe kwari sun haɗa da:
- presowing iri magani tare da sunadarai,
- lokacin feshin hatsi.
Ana yin sarrafa kemikal ne lokacin da ake samun gwoza 30 zuwa 50 a kowace murabba'in murabba'in yankin da ake noma a yayin binciken gani. Yawancin kwari da dama sun zauna a gefen filayen. Saboda haka, da farko matakan sarrafa sunadarai suna da niyyar fesa wannan bangare na amfanin gona.
Nazarin mutane game da yaƙi da ƙarar burodin
Fitaccen ɗan adam Vitaliy, ɗan shekara 42: tun lokacin da buɗaɗɗar burodin burodi yana haifar da barazana ta musamman ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin hatsi na hatsi waɗanda ba su kai ganye na uku ba, Na fi son gudanar da shuka a baya. Na yi shuka iri-iri tare da kashe kwari da shuka ciyawar alkama mako biyu ko biyu kafin jadawalin, gwargwadon yanayin yanayi. Ban yarda da yaduwar ciyawar ba, wanda shine babban kulawar amfanin gona kuma ya banbanta da yawan shankar alkama na bazara ta kwari.
Wakilin wannan hadadden aikin gona "Zemlyakoff" Pavel Grigoryevich: alkama, alkama, hatsi, kullun haɗu da ƙoshin burodi. Bawai amfani da matakan tsuke fuska ba don kawar da shi - lura da juyawa na amfanin gona, bawo, yin huɗa, har ma da hanyoyin magunguna. Dole ne a kula da tsaba tare da kashe kwari da kuma sarrafa amfanin hatsi na hunturu. Wakilin Agent ya tabbatar da kansa sosai, muna fesa shi tare da gefen gefen da aka shuka. Ayyukan samfurin ya wuce daga wuraren da aka bi da su zuwa ga marasa magani. Bugu da kari, yana fada ba kawai tare da burodin burodi ba, har ma tare da sauran kwari na amfanin gona na hatsi. Girbe-girbe suna da kyau!
Kammalawa
Don hana babban yaduwar gurasar abincin burodi, kuna buƙatar yin la’akari da siye da siyar da iri kafin amfanin gona na hatsi. Matakan rigakafin da suka danganta da kiyaye ingantaccen kayan aikin gona zai guji asarar amfanin gona. Idan yaduwar kwaro ya zama tartsatsi, to ba za'a iya kawar da magani mai ƙwaƙwalwar aiki ba!