Whales mara nauyi | |||||||
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![]() Kisa Whale ( Orcinus orca ) | |||||||
Tsarin kimiyya | |||||||
Mulkin: | Eumetazoi |
Infraclass: | Platin |
Lantarki: | 'Yan Cetaceans |
Parvotryad: | Whales mara nauyi |
- Ganges dolphins (Platanistidae)
- Dabbar Dolphin (Delphinidae)
- Nakwan (Monodontidae)
- Inii (Iniidae)
- Maniyyi Whale (Jiki)
- Dwarf maniyyi Whales (Kogiidae)
- Beaks (Ziphiidae)
- Dabbar dolfin laplat (Pontoporiidae)
- Fasankali (Phocoenidae)
- Kogin Dolphins (Lipotidae)
Whales mai hakora (lat. Odontoceti) - ɗayan manyan tsarukan cetacean na zamani guda biyu. Sabanin baleen whales, cinyoyinsu suna da hakora. Kifi Whales masu kyankyasai sune abincin dabbobi kuma suna ciyar da kan kifi, ciyawar ruwa kuma, a wasu halaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Anatomy
Mafi yawan kifayen kifaye a cikin girman (tsayin jiki daga 1.2 zuwa 20 m) ba su da ƙima sosai ga kifin baleen (mara ƙoshin lafiya). Awaƙar maniyyi ne kawai zai iya kwatanta su da girmansa. Sauran jinsunan ana daukar ƙananan ƙananan kifi ne. Wani bambanci kuma shine cewa a cikin babban whales na bakin ciki akwai buɗe hanci guda ɗaya wanda zai buɗe akan kambi na kansa. Jawaramin muƙamai ya fi guntun sama da ƙyallen kai kuma an fude tare. Jin kunne, siginar sauti da kuma sashin muryar da ke hade da hanci na hanci suna haɓaka da kyau.
Hakora a cikin wasu nau'ikan suna haɓakawa zuwa digiri daban-daban. Yawancinsu suna da yawa sosai, alal misali, kusan ɗari, kamar wasu dabbobin dolphin, dangane da nau'in, suna da hakora 1 zuwa 240. A cikin labarin, tsarin haƙorin yana da haɗari guda biyu, wanda hagu ya haɓaka ya zama warkarwa, wanda ke fitowa daga sararin sama daga muƙamuƙi. A cikin labarun matasa, ban da abubuwan haɗaka, ƙananan ƙananan hakora na gaban guda biyu da mola guda ɗaya sun bayyana a cikin babban muƙamuƙin, amma sun faɗi cikin lokaci. Babu hakora a hakoran ƙananan.
A kusan mazajen da ba a kula da su ba, beaks, hakora suna da yanayi mai kama da yawa.
Halayyar
Yawancin kifayen kifi biyu suna da kyau kuma masu iyo ne masu sauri. Speciesarancin ƙananan wasu lokuta suna iyo tare raƙuman ruwa kuma suna son rakiyar jiragen ruwa. Musamman sau da yawa a cikin wannan rawar akwai dabbar dolfin da aka sani don tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle nasu na ciki. A cikin babban Whales, alamun sauti suna taka rawa sosai wajen sadarwa. Baya ga yawan huɗun da ke aiki don sadarwa tsakanin daidaikun mutane, kifayen kifayen suna fitar da sautin yawan mitar ultrasonic waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin sonar. Lokacin farauta, wannan ma'anar ta shida tana da mahimmanci musamman a gare su. Mafi yawan kifayen kifayen suna zaune a rukuni biyu daga uku zuwa uku na dabbobi masu dozin. Wadannan kungiyoyi, biyun, zasu iya hada kansu na wani dan lokaci tare da wasu kungiyoyi tare da kirkiro garken dabbobi da yawa. Whales mai ƙafaɗɗen fata yana da ikon hadaddun alaƙar zamantakewa da nasarori. Lokacin farautar makarantun kifayen, suna nuna haɓaka sosai. A cikin bauta, wasu nau'ikan suna nuna iyawa da kwazo da son koyo, wanda shine dalilin da yasa yawancin masana kimiyyar dabbobi ke daukar su daya daga cikin masu dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Rarrabawa
An rarraba whales biyu da aka yi amfani da su zuwa gida mai zuwa:
Akwai shirye-shirye da yawa waɗanda mahaɗan kifi Whales suke haɗuwa zuwa cikin superfamilies. Babu makawa, dabbobin ruwa, dabbobin ruwa, da kayan gado suna da alaƙa da juna. Wasu lokuta ana danganta su da ƙimar dabbar dolphins. Koyaya, haɗin Laplacian, lacustrine, Gangan dabbobin ruwa da inns a cikin superfamily na dabbar dolphins ba daidai bane. Kodayake wakilan waɗannan iyalai suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsarkak theywa, sun taso kuma suka haɓaka juna. Maniyyi Whales da beaks tsoffin iyalai ne na yashe-yashe kuma basa dangi da wani dangi.
Consideredwararrun kifi Whales an dauki su azaman ƙananan yanki mai zaman kanta na ƙwararren maganin cetacean, amma ƙarin bincike sun nuna cewa cetaceans sun fito ne daga artiodactyls kuma, saboda haka, yakamata a haɗa shi cikin tsarin artiodactyl, ko kuma yakamata a san wannan satar a matsayin paraphyletic kuma, sabili da haka, ba a yarda da shi ba. Dangane da wannan, an sanya 'yan cetaceans zuwa ɗaure ƙaho a matsayin lalata, don haka rasa matsayin ƙungiyar mai zaman kanta, sannan aka sake tsara abubuwan cetacean cikin ƙungiyar gamawar.
Nau'in kifi na Whale
Mafi yawan kifayen kifayen suna da ƙanƙanta a girma zuwa manyan kifayen haƙori. Kadai maniyyi mai kambi zai iya kwatanta su da girmansa. Sauran jinsunan ana daukar ƙananan ƙananan kifi ne. Wani banbanci kuma shine cewa babban kifayen ƙwayaye suna da ƙoshin hanci guda ɗaya ne kawai.
Hakora a cikin wasu nau'ikan suna haɓakawa zuwa digiri daban-daban. Yawancinsu suna da yawa da yawa, misali, kusan ɗari, kamar wasu dabbobin dolphins. A cikin labarin, tsarin haƙorin yana da haɗari guda biyu, wanda hagu ya haɓaka ya zama warkarwa, wanda ke fitowa daga sararin sama daga muƙamuƙi. A cikin labarun matasa, ban da abubuwan haɗaka, ƙananan ƙananan hakora na gaban guda biyu da mola guda ɗaya sun bayyana a cikin babban muƙamuƙin, amma sun faɗi cikin lokaci. Babu hakora a hakoran ƙananan.
A kusan mazajen da ba a kula da su ba, beaks, hakora suna da yanayi mai kama da yawa.
Halayyar
Yawancin kifayen kifi biyu suna da kyau kuma masu iyo ne masu sauri. Speciesarancin ƙananan wasu lokuta suna iyo tare raƙuman ruwa kuma suna son rakiyar jiragen ruwa. Musamman sau da yawa a cikin wannan rawar akwai dabbar dolfin da aka sani don tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle nasu na ciki. Daga cikin babban Whales, alamun sauti suna taka rawa sosai. Baya ga yawan huɗun da ke aiki don sadarwa tsakanin daidaikun mutane, toothed Whales sun mallaki matsanancin ultrasonic wanda ke taimaka musu a cikin aikin sonar. Musamman lokacin farauta, wannan ma'anar ta shida tana da matukar mahimmanci a gare su. Yawancin kifayen kifi biyu suna zaune a cikin rukunoni daban-daban wadanda suka kama daga biyu zuwa uku zuwa dabbobi masu dozin. Wadannan kungiyoyi, biyun, zasu iya haɗin kai na ɗan lokaci tare da wasu kungiyoyi tare da ƙirƙirar garken dabbobi da yawa. Whales mai ƙafaɗɗen fata yana da ikon hadaddun alaƙar zamantakewa da nasarori. Lokacin farautar makarantun kifayen, suna nuna haɓaka sosai. A cikin bauta, wasu nau'in suna nuna kwarewa mai ban sha'awa da kuma yarda don koyo, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin likitocin dabbobi suna daukar su ɗayan dabbobi masu hankali.
Haraji
An rarraba whales biyu da aka yi amfani da su zuwa gida mai zuwa:
Akwai shirye-shirye da yawa waɗanda mahaɗan kifi Whales suke haɗuwa zuwa cikin superfamilies. Babu makawa, dabbobin ruwa, dabbobin ruwa, da kayan gado suna da alaƙa da juna. Wasu lokuta ana danganta su da ƙimar dabbar dolphins. Koyaya, haɗin Laplacian, lacustrine, Gangan dabbobin ruwa da inns a cikin superfamily na dabbar dolphins ba daidai bane. Kodayake wakilan waɗannan iyalai suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsarkak theywa, sun taso kuma suka haɓaka juna. Maniyyi Whales da beaks tsoffin iyalai ne na yashe-yashe kuma basa dangi da wani dangi.
Baleen kifayen
An raba kifayen Baleen zuwa gida hudu:
- Matakai na farko ( Balaenopteridae )
- Whales Na 2 Balaenidae
- 3rd Grey Whales ( Eschrichtiidae )
- Dwarf Whales Neobalaenidae )
Saboda takamaiman tsarin kayan muƙamuƙi, kifayen baleen ba za su iya ciyar da manyan dabbobi ba. Hawayensu yan kunkuntar ne. Kamar dozin santimita a diamita. Kuma suna haɗiye abinci ba tare da tauna ba. Tunda basu da hakora.
A saman muƙamuƙin baleen Whales sun kasance daga fararen faranti na 360 zuwa 800. Tsawon faranti na iya zama daga santimita 20 zuwa 450. Tabbas, tsawon ya dogara da nau'in halittu, sabili da haka girman kifi Whale da kanta. Ana kiran waɗannan bayanan "whalebone." Suna nan ɗaya bayan ɗaya a gefen gumis. Nisa daga wannan zuwa wancan shine 0.3-1.2 santimita. Gefen ciki da saman kowane farantin ya kasu kashi biyu na bakin ciki da dogon gashi. Thearfin gashi ya zama matattara. Tare da taimakonsa, baleen whales yana tace plankton daga ruwa. Wato, ƙananan dabbobi da abubuwan tsirrai masu iyo waɗanda ke iyo cikin ruwan teku kyauta. Hakanan za'a iya kama frys da kifayen kifi daban-daban. Abinda aka fi so shine abincin Whale Whale shine nau'ikan crustaceans plankton.
Yankakken Whale motsi
Kifayen kifi suna iyo ne ta hanyar yin motsi a tsaye tare da wutsiyar wutsiya, kuma godiya ga fins din, sun canza yanayin motsi kuma suna daidaita daidaito. Dabbobin ruwa mafi sauri na iya iyo. Sperm Whales na iya iyo cikin sauri na kimanin kilomita 37 a kowace sa'a, kisa mai kisa a saurin kilomita 55 a sa'a guda, da kuma dabbar dolphins mai sauri - kilomita 70 a awa daya.
Yawancin kifayen haƙoran suna da adadin hakora maimakon haka, misali, wasu dabbobin ruwa suna da kusan ɗari.
Akwai dalilai da yawa saboda abin da babban yadu Whales yayi iyo a wannan babban gudu.
Fatar jikinsu tayi kyau, saboda wanda juriya take raguwa kuma tana iya yiwuwa a sauƙaƙe ta cikin ruwan ruwa. Oanannuwa biyu ke gudana cikin jiki daga kai zuwa wutsiya, wanda kuma ya rage gogayya, kamar yadda ruwa yake gudana a kusa da jikin Whales. Fata na toothed whales ne spongy, saboda haka yana daidaitawa dacewa da matsa lamba na ruwa. Sauran koyaswar sun yi imani da cewa babban saman hakoran haƙoran haƙoran na ci gaba da hauhawa, yana rugujewa, yana haifar da “mai mai ƙoshin ruwa” wanda ke sa a lalata ruwa.
Yawancin kifayen gora suna da kyakkyawan hangen nesa, wanda ke taimaka musu su ga ruwa mai zurfi da kuma saman ruwa, amma, duk da haka, an jagorance su ne ta hanyar fadace-fadace. Whales yakan aiko da jerin siginar sauti da fahimtar tunaninsu.
Yankakken Whales na sadarwa suna amfani da echolocation.
Saboda wannan, sun sami ganima, suna ƙididdige girmansa, saurin sa kuma suna iya yin harin daidai. Bugu da kari, yanayin fadace-fadace yana hana kifayen ruwa haduwa da matsalolin toshewar ruwa, wadanda dabbar dolphins ke amfani da su cikin ruwa mai wahala.
Amma game da dabbar dolphins, a cikin mafi yawan jinsin ne rudimentary.
Wani sanannen fasalin maniyyi Whales shine kasancewar a cikin babban matashin kai mai kitse, a ciki akwai wadatar abu mai ƙanshi da ake kira maniyyi. Yawan wannan abun ya kai tan. A yanayin zafi kadan, maniyyi ya daskare, kuma girmansa ya zama karami. Ba a dai bayyane dalilin da yasa ake bukatar whales maniyyi ba domin kwalliyar maniyyi.
A cikin babban maniyyi babban willes akwai matashin babban kitse wanda aka sa jakar da ake kira jigilar maniyyi.
Wataƙila yana haɓaka sautikan da aka jagora da fitar da sautuka. Wataƙila yana da matukar mahimmanci yayin nutsar da dabba zuwa zurfi. Lokacin da maniyyi Whale ya yi zurfin zurfafa kuma ya riƙe a can na kusan awa ɗaya, ana riƙe iskar oxygen a cikin maniyyi, yana kiyaye maniyyi Whale daga haɓakar cuta na cuta. Kuma akwai kuma sigar da wannan abu ke sarrafa aiwatar da maniyyi na maniyyi. Lokacin da maniyyi ya ɗora, dabbar ta tashi, idan ta yi sanyi, maniyyi ya mutu.
Abincin Whale mai ƙoshin abinci
Duk babban dabbar yatsa mai kifi ne. Abincinsu galibi ya ƙunshi cefalopods da kifi.
Whales mai kisa mai tsayi zai iya kaiwa tsawon mita 10. Su kaɗai ne wakilan cetaceans waɗanda ke cin naman dabbobi masu jin jini, alal misali, hatimi da zakuna na teku. Sukan farauta cikin fakitoci. Suna kai hari ba kifi ba, kifin kifaye, kunkuru, penguins, har ma da sauran cetacewan, alal misali, kifayen bakin teku.
Dolphins farauta a fakitoci.
Kisan kifi wabi ne mai kaifin sani; za su iya jujjuya kankara tare da penguins don jefa su cikin ruwa kuma su kama su cikin rudani. Lokacin farauta zakuna a cikin ruwa na Kudancin Argentina, kifayen kisa suna amfani da tides. Su ma suna da ikon bin wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin ruwa mara ruwa.
Dolphins kuma yawanci farauta a fakitoci. Sun kewaye makarantun kifaye kuma suka ɗaga su sama, kuma lokacin da ɗaiɗaikun mutane suka yi ƙoƙari su ɓoye a cikin zurfin, dabbar dolpine ta kama ta ci su.
Abincin Sperm Whale
Hanyoyin ciyar da babban kifi Whale na iya wakilta ta misalin misalin maniyyi. Sperm Whale yana buƙatar abinci mai yawa. Saboda haka, ya bata lokaci mai yawa domin neman ganima. Sperm Whale yana motsawa tare da ruwa a bakin teku, lokaci zuwa lokaci yin ruwa. An samo shi a zurfin sama da awa daya. Daga nan sai ya taho domin samun iska mai kyau a cikin huhun. Kuma yana hutawa tsawon lokaci a farfajiya.
In ya nemo tumakin, ya bi ta. A hurawa ta gaba, sai ya hadiye babban kifin, wanda ya kwace su daga fakitin. Lokacin ciyarwa, maniyyi Whales na iya yin aiki cikin ƙungiyar mutane goma, ashirin. Suna tattara squid squids cikin rukuni. A lokaci guda, maniyyi whales yana nuna babban ma'amala.
Kiwon kifi Whale
Wan Whale masu santsi suna zaune a garkunan. Haɗu cikin mace da namiji, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana faruwa tare da abokan tarayya da yawa. Misali, a cikin garken maniyyi, babban namiji yana haduwa da mace dayawa. Namiji mai yatsa biyu yakan yi fada mai zafi a tsakanin su, yayin da yake yin lahani ga abokan hamayyarsu da hakora mai kaifi.
Lokacin haihuwar, ya danganta da nau'in cetacean, na iya wuce watanni 10-16.
Dukkan mace sun kawo ɗa guda ɗaya kacal. Cubs an haife wutsiya da farko. Yawancin lokaci suna da girma, tsawon jikin jariri na iya zama kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsawon jikin mahaifiyar.
Cetaceans ba su da lebe, saboda haka, sa'du ba za su iya shan madara ba. A kan nono ya fito daga cikin fatar jiki wanda a ciki yakan lullube shi, kuma saurin madara a cikin bakin jaririn. A cikin madara na duk cetaceans, mai matukar kiba mai yawa, godiya ga wannan, cubs girma kusan nan take. Yawancin kifayen da na toothed suna ciyar da zuriya tare da madara na tsawon watanni 4, amma niƙa ce banbanci, suna ciyar da foran na shekaru da yawa.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Tsarin numfashi
Tsarin tsarin na numfashi na bakin babban Whales
Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus)
Kisa kifi (Orcinus orca)
Abincin
Duk “kifayen” masu kyan gani ne. Abincin waɗannan abincin dabbobi galibi ya ƙunshi kifi, cefalopods, da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Yawancin kifayen kifi suna iya yin alfahari da adadin haƙora; a cikin wasu dabbobin ruwa, adadinsu zai iya kai ɗari. Orcas ya kai 10 m tsayi ne kawai wakilan cetaceans ke farautar dabbobin ruwa masu dumbin jini kamar su hatimi da zakuna na teku, har ma da kifayen bakin teku.
Dolphin Samurai (Cephalorhynchus heavisidii)
[gyara] Asali
Whales mai kafaffun ruwa ya fito ne daga dabbobi masu shayarwa masu kafaffun dabbobi hudu wanda ke yawo da ruwayen manyan koguna shekaru miliyan hamsin da biyar da suka gabata. A hankali, dabbobi sun fara cin lokaci da ruwa. Gashin hancin waɗannan dabbobin sun koma zuwa kambi na kai, raƙuman mahaɗan ya ragu, kuma na gaba ya juya zuwa ƙashin kansa. Wutsiya ya juya ya zama fin.
A cikin Peru, an samo whale-leviathan na prehistoric. Masana kimiyya sunyi tunanin wanzuwar wannan dabba a baya akan burbushin halittu, ko kuma, akan manyan hakora. Ragowar babban maniyyi Whale ana kiransu shekaru miliyan 12-13. Dabbobin na wani sabon salo ne da ire-irensu, yanzu sun lalace, kuma ana kiranta Leviathan melvillei.
[gyara] Bayyanar
Orderididdigar ta haɗu da dabbobi galibi na manya da ƙanana. Iyakar abin da banda shi ne namiji maniyyi Whales, wanda tsawonsa ya kai 16-18 m. Yawancin wakilan ƙananan ƙananan suna da ɗan ƙarami, tsawonsu yawanci baya wuce 4.5 m. Babu gashi a kai. Motsa da harshe suna da ɗan ƙarami.
Jikin matattun whales yawanci duhu sama da haske a ƙasa, yana sa basu zama bayyane a cikin ruwa ba. Idan ka kalli kifi Whale daga kasa, ciki hasken sa zai hade da hasken rana a saman ruwa. Idan aka kalle shi daga sama, duhun baya na dabba ya hade da duhun zurfin.
[edit] Tsarin kwanyar
Kwanyar kwanyar babban whales mai wuyar asma ne, ko da yake a farkon matakan tayi ne ana nuna shi ta dukkan fasallan halayen kwanyar dabbobi masu shayarwa. Har yanzu ba a tabbatar da dalilan asymmetry ba.Yana yiwuwa halayyar asymmetry na kwanyar ya tashi dangane da haɓaka ƙira da na'urorin siginar sauti, lokacin da hanyoyin hanci sama da kwanyar keɓanta na musamman: ɗaya azaman hanyar jirgin, ɗayan don samar da sautuna.
Kasusuwa na hanci suna da rauni sosai kuma ba su rufe bangon hanci na buɗewa. An cire ramukan da kansu zuwa hagu kuma suna buɗe cikin ɗakin da ake gama gari. Karin kashin maxlin, intermaxillary da hanci kasusuwa suna da karfi matuka zuwa ga gaban kwatancen kuma kusan zai rufe su gaba daya. Kwanyar tana da fasalin tsarin rayuwa,
A cikin babban Whales da yawa, yatsun suna daɗaɗɗar cikin zafin nama, wanda saman goshi ya hau tare da ƙusoshin kitse na musamman.
[gyara] Hakora
Waɗannan dabbobin suna da hakora a cikin babba, ƙananan, ko duka tsokoki biyu, kodayake wasu sun sami ci gaba. Hakora daga 0/1 ko 1/0 zuwa kusan 65/58
Akwai nau'ikan hakora 3.
- Teethaƙƙarfan hakoran mai haɓaka mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin haɓaka na ɓangaren litattafan almara da bakin ciki na sumunti da enamel a cikin dabbobin da suka girma. Ana samun wannan nau'in tsarin haƙori a cikin dabbar dolphin-white-ganga, baranda na kowa, niƙa da sauransu. Baya ga niƙa, dukansu suna da adadin hakora masu yawa a ko'ina.
- Ga hakora na nau'in na biyu, haɓaka mai ƙarfi na farantin ciminti da rashin enamel a kan haƙoran manya halayen ne. Matasa suna da farin ciki na enamel a kambi. Hakora suna da sauƙi, ƙirar fegi, mafi girma fiye da nau'in farko, adadinsu ya kai 30-50. Theaƙƙarfan motsi yana da haɓaka ko ba ya nan. Wannan nau'in hakora yana da whale maniyyi kuma, a fili, dwarf maniyyi Whale, beluga whale, dabbar dolphin launin toka, dwarf kisa whale, Irrawaddy dabbar dolphin, da ƙananan kifin kifi Whale.
- Hakoran kushe-nau'in nau'in na ukun suna da farantin enamel mai haɓaka da sumunti wanda ya cika kogon kuma saboda haka yana rufe haƙoran gaba ɗaya, ban da kambi. Haka kuma, nau'in ciminti na rufi yana mamaye tare da enamel Layer a tsakiyar ɓangaren hakori. Yawan hakora ƙanana ne, kuma suna cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙi.
Mafi yawan wakilan wakilan babban yatsa Whales suna bayyanar da bambancin mutum a yawan hakora. A cikin wasu ƙananan kifayen, yawan hakora a cikin babban muƙamuƙi ba su da girma a cikin ƙananan, a cikin wasu, akasin haka, a cikin muƙamuƙi na sama yawan hakora sun fi girma a ƙananan, a cikin na uku yawan hakora a cikin babba da ƙananan tsokoki iri ɗaya ne.
[edit] Tsarin narkewa
Tsarin narkewa shine halin gabaɗaya da rabuwa na dindindin daga tsarin numfashi. Tana da manyan abubuwan da ke gaba.
- Harshe, ba kamar dabbobi masu shayarwa ba, suna da aiki daban. Da yake yana da wayar hannu sosai, yana jan ragamar abin da aka kama a bakin kogin bakin, yana tura shi cikin makogwaron kuma yana hana ruwa shiga ta.
- Sama mai taushi ta rasa.
- Sassan farko na narkewar hancin an lullube su ne daga ciki tare da kwararan kuzarin keratinized epithelium, wanda a zahiri yana kare su daga lalacewa ta mawuyacin sassan abincin da aka haɗiye shi.
- Ciki yana da ɗakuna masu yawa, tsoka. Sectionsangarorin ƙarshe na ciki, a fili, suna da hannu cikin aiwatar da ɗaukar abinci, tunda tsarin su yana kama da tsarin hanjin.
- Cutar aciki ba ya cikin yawancin jinsunan, kuma ba a bambanta hanjin kansa daga juna.
[edit] Abubuwan jima'i dimorphism
Dimorphism na jima'i ya bayyana kanta sosai ga girman dabbobi. Maza yawan jinsuna sun fi maza girma.
Wasu nau'in suna da wasu bambance-bambance. Misali, a cikin maza na kisa kifayen, cinikin mace ya fi na mace yawa, ga maza na labarun mata, hakoran halaye ne.
[gyara] motsi
Whales yana motsawa ta saman motsi na tsaye na fin caudal. Farfin bangaranci yana aiki don canza yanayin motsi, kazalika don kiyaye daidaito.
Haan Whales da ke bakin yatsa suna iyo da kyau. Dabbar dolphins mafi sauri suna iyo. Misali, kifin maniyyi zai iya kaiwa zuwa gudun kilomita 37 / h, kisa mai kisa har zuwa kilomita 55 / h, kuma wasu nau'in dabbar dolphins sun isa saurin zuwa kilomita 70 / h.
Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa waɗanda suke bayyana dalilin da yasa waɗannan cetaceans zasu iya kaiwa ga wannan babban gudu.
Fatar irin wannan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba ta da kyau, kuma wannan yana ba da mafi girman rage juriya kuma yana taimaka musu su matsa ta hanyar ruwan ba tare da izini ba. Hakanan rage cunkoso ta hanyar tsaka mai wuya daga kai zuwa wutsiya daidai da jagorancin da ruwa ke gudana a jikin dabbobinsu. Wasu masana kimiyya suna ba da shawarar cewa saman jikin Whales an rufe shi da wani yanki mai laushi da fatar fata, yana dacewa da matsa lamba na ruwa.
Dangane da ka’idar sauran masu binciken, jigilar kwayar sel ta fata kullum tana kara girma da rugujewa, tana haifar da “lubricant” wacce ke rage cunkoso a jikin dabbar.
[gyara] Abinci mai gina jiki
Dukkan wakilan kodan kifayen, ba kamar baleen ba, suna cin abincin ne. Ganima sau da yawa ana haɗe da tsotsewa, wanda yake basu damar jawo kifaye da kifin bakin kifi a cikin bakinsu lokaci daya. Abincin su shine kifi, daskararru, da crustaceans.
Yawancin kifayen kifi masu tsalle ne kyawawan farauta. Yawancin lokaci suna farauta cikin kungiyoyi, da kewayensu, kamar zakuna ko kyarkeci suke yi. Akwai lokuta idan gungun kifayen kisa suka sami nasarar farautar bera har ma da babban kifin kifi.
Kusan dukkan kifayen yatsu masu ruwa ne da yawa, saboda yanayin ciyarwa. Wasu suna iya zurfin zurfafa da ruwa mai zurfi.
[gyara] Sake haifuwa da zuriya
An sa kifayen Whales cikin garken. Maza da mata yawanci suna abota da abokan tarayya da yawa, alal misali, a cikin garken maniyyi, manyan mata suna da mata da yawa. Mummunan rikice-rikice yakan faru ne tsakanin kifi biyu na yatsa, a lokacin da dabbobin da hakoransu suka sami munanan raunuka a kan abokan hamayyarsu.
Ciki, dangane da nau'in, na iya wucewa daga watanni goma zuwa goma sha shida. Kowane lokaci, mace tana haihuwar 'yar guda ɗaya. An haife shi wutsiya-da farko. Tsawon tsawon tsayin sau daya ya isa babban girman jiki, zai iya zama daya bisa uku na tsawon jikin mahaifiyar.
Duk jama'ar cetace ba su da lebe, saboda haka ba za su iya tsotsewa ba. Lokacin da jariri yake jin yunwa, an cire kan nono daga cikin faren fata, inda a mafi yawan lokuta yake boye, kuma madara yake shiga cikin bakin jaririn.
Milk na duk cetaceans yana ƙunshe da mai mai yawa, saboda haka theiran sandansu suna girma da sauri. Yawancin nau'ikan suna ciyar da jariransu madara na kimanin watanni 4, kawai niƙa wani lokaci suna ciyar da su shekaru da yawa.
Yankakken Whales ya kai ga balaga ta shekaru 2-6.
Blue abincin Whale
Whale shulu babban wakilci ne na ƙungiyar baleen Whales. Kuma yana da hanyar cin abinci mai zuwa. Whale ya sami babban tarin krill. Ko wasu kyawawan kwayoyin halittun planktonic a gareshi. Ya yi iyo a fuskokinsu, yana buɗe bakinsa da ƙarfi. Bakin whale da ke bakin sa yana da takamaiman tsari. Don haka ana iya shimfida shi sosai. Godiya ga motsi na kasusuwa. Kazalika shafaffun na musamman a cikin makogwaro. Bakin baki mai bude bakin bakin babban kifi Whale ya wuce mita 30 na kifi. A sakamakon haka, babban adadin krill ya shiga bakin. Tabbas tare da adadin ruwa mai kyau. Don rufe babbar bakinsa, kifi Whale ya zama dole yayi mirgine a bayan sa. Don haka sai ya rufe a karkashin nauyin kansa. Sannan kifi Whale, tare da harshensa tan-tan hudu, yana fitar da ruwa daga bakinsa. Ruwa yana fitowa, kuma crustaceans suna ciki. Tunda ana tace su ta hanyar whalebone.
Saboda nauyin whale mai bakin ruwa na iya wuce ton 150, dole ne ya ci mai yawa. Don kula da rayuwa a cikin girman jikinsa. Misali, bakin kifi Whales yana cin tan 3 zuwa 8 na krill a rana. Yawan crustaceans a cikin wannan taro dubun miliyoyin guda ne. Ana iya kwashe kusan tan guda na krill daga ruwa a lokaci guda.
Bidiyo game da yadda Whale plankton ya kama
Godiya ga ziyartar tashar da karanta bayanin kula.
Kuna iya biyan kuɗi zuwa tashar kuma kuna so. Idan kana son ƙarin kayan kama da juna a cikin abincin Yandex Zen
Kayan Yankunan Whale
Yawancin kifayen kifi marasa lafiya sune kadan: tsayin su baya wuce mita 4.5. A cikin nau'ikan da yawa, jaws suna daɗaɗuwa cikin zafin nama na coracoid, wanda saman goshi ya hau tare da ƙusoshin kitse na musamman.
Kamar yadda sunan su ke nunawa, kifayen yatsan wutsiya suna da hakora a cikin babba, ƙananan, ko duka tsokoki biyu, kodayake wasu suna ci gaba. A cikin wannan sun bambanta da danginsu - baleen Whales, wanda ke da adadin faranti na ƙaho maimakon hakora a bakinsu - wanda ake kira "whalebone" (wanda suke tace abinci daga ruwan teku). A ɗayan ɓangaren, Whales masu wanzuwa, suna ciyar da kifi da squid, waɗanda suke cimmansu kuma suna kama su a jaws, dauke da makamai masu hakora masu yawa.
Yayinda kifayen kasusuwa biyu suka rabu da asalin asalin asalin tsohuwar ungula ta zamani, kasusuwa cikin kwanyar ta telescounts ya canza ya zama ya zama "katako" mai tsayi, kuma kashin kashin baya ya koma sashin sama na kwanyar. Wadannan canje-canjen suna da alaƙa da haɓaka damar iya amfani da echolocation da kuma gyara hakora don kamun kifi. Hakoran magabatan dodo na babban bakin ruwa, kamar masu cin abincin na zamani, sun banbanta zuwa karkara, kyankyasai da molas, amma ga dabba mai cin kifi, ya fi dacewa a sami maɓallin hakora masu kama da juna, wanda ake lura da shi a mafi yawan tsoffin babban Whales na zamani.
Dabbobin ruwa na kogi
Mafi yawancin rayuwar cetaceans suna cikin dangin Platanistoidea (dabbobin ruwa na kogi). Waɗannan su ne mazaunan Yangtze, Ganges, Indus, Amazon, da La Plata Bay. Dukkanin nau'ikan 5 na wannan iyali ba lallai ba ne suna da asali guda ɗaya, amma sun zama masu kama da juna saboda wadataccen tsarin muhalli.
Suna da dogon hancin ciki da ƙananan idanu, kuma wasu nau'ikan makafi ne gaba ɗaya kuma suna bi da yanayin fadace-fadace.
Dabbar Dolphin ta Amazon (Inia geoffrensis)
Maniyyi Whales
Iyalin Physeteridae (maniyyi whale) sun hada da wakilin manya mafi girma na ƙashin lafiya Whale - maniyyi whale. Zai iya kaiwa tsawon mita 18.
Maniyyi mai kifi
Danginsa - ƙanana da dwarf maniyyi Whales - sun yi ƙanana, tare da ƙarancin kai.
Dwarf Sperm Whale (Kogia breviceps)
Sperm Whales mazaunan ruwa ne na ruwa mai tsananin zafi, yawan su yana da iyakance zuwa 40º na kudu da arewacin latitude. Maza manya ne kawai zasu iya isa gefen kankara. Yawancin rayuwarsu suna cikin ruwa mai zurfi nesa da gefen shiryayye na duniya.
Gemu
Iyalin gidan Ziphiidae (beaks) sun sami suna na dogon lokaci, sanannen sanyin buguwa.
Aƙalla an san nau'ikan dabbobi 20 a cikin waɗannan. Yawancin mambobi na dangin suna da wuya, kuma wasu an san su ne kawai ga dabbobi da suka mutu a bakin.
Arewa Swimmer (Berardius bairdii) - ɗayan manyan beaks
Suna yaɗu cikin duk teku, sun fi son zurfin ruwa kusa da iyakar shiryayye na duniya, gangaren shiryayye, ƙafar shelf.
Baza'a
Wakilan dangin (Phocoenidae) sun ratsa daga cikin tsaunukan zuwa cikin tsaftataccen ruwa na hemispheres biyu a cikin Miocene da Pliocene (kimanin shekaru miliyan 7 da suka gabata). A yau ana same su a cikin duk teku.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran cetaceans, tanko suna da ƙanana kaɗan: babu ɗayan mambobi shida na dangin da suka wuce mita 2,5. Hakoransu suna kwance a gefe ɗaya kuma suna kama da kurɓo a cikin siffar.
Tanko na California (Phocoena sinus) - nau'in rauni
Dabbobin ruwa
Iyalin dabbar dolphin (Delphinidae) wani rukuni ne na matasa wanda za'a iya nemo shi zuwa ga marigayi Miocene, wato kimanin shekaru miliyan 10 da suka gabata. Waɗannan su ne mafi yawa da kuma bambancin duk al'ummomin cetacewan. Zuwa yanzu, an san nau'ikan dabbar dolfin 36.
Yawancin dangin suna da hakora a cikin yatsun biyu, hancin farin ciki, goshi na gaba da kuma fin ƙoshin maƙoƙi.
Kwalaron kwalban Bottlenose yana nuna ɗan gajeren yanayin haɓakar wannan nau'in.
Mafi girma daga cikin dangi shine kisa Whale. Wannan halin na maharbin yana dauke ne da wani nau'in zagaye na hancin gabansa da kuma rashin isowar sa.
Kankana Whale (Orcinus orca) yana fitowa daga ruwan
Wasu dabbobin ruwa suna zaune a cikin ruwa na hemispheres, ban da na tsibirin, wasu nau'in suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa na wurare masu zafi.
Kamar sauran nau'in kifayen wutsiya, dabbar dolphins suna sadarwa ne ta hanyar sauti.
Beluga whale da narwhal
Wakilai biyu na dangi na Narwhal (Monodontidae) - beluga whale da narwhal - suna zaune ne kawai a arewacin tekun, akasarinsu a cikin Arctic. Wadannan dabbobin basu da girma sosai, basu da fin din dorsal.
Siffar jikin labarun narwhals da beluga kifaye iri ɗaya ne, amma na ƙarshen yayi kaɗan. Dukkan jinsunan suna da kauri mai kauri da keɓewa daga ruwan teku.
Ana samun Narwhal a arewacin Rasha da Kanada, a cikin yankin tsibirin Svalbard.
Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) - yana da tushin ban mamaki. Wannan haƙoran haɓaka ne na haɓaka, jujjuyawar agogo a karkace
Beluga Whale yana zaune a arewacin Rasha da Arewacin Amurka, a Greenland.
Whales na balagaggu na balaguro (Delphinapterus leucas) sunada ingantacciyar guna - ƙamshin mai a goshi
Dukkan jinsunan suna ciyar da mafi yawan shekara daga tekun, a cikin wuraren da kankara mai yawa.