Bukarka - ɗayan kwari masu haɗari na bishiyoyi. Aka rarrabu a duk yankin Turai na ƙasar, musamman a kudanci. A arewa ya isa yankin Yaroslavl. Gwoza da larvae suna da lahani. Budsyauren da aka lalata da buds sun zama launin ruwan kasa kuma sun mutu, kuma ganyayyaki sun faɗi da wuri, a sakamakon haka, an rasa ɓangaren amfanin gonar.
Irin ƙwaro irin ƙwaro yana launin shuɗi-kore a launi tare da kayan ƙarfe, ƙoshin jiki 2.5-3 mm. rostrum karfi da lanƙwasa. Tsutsa mai tsayi, mara nauyi, mai lankwasa, tare da kan duhu launin shuɗi, tsawon jiki har zuwa 3 mm. Pupa mai launin shuɗi-fari, tsawon 2.5-3 mm.
Bukarka beetles hunturu a cikin ƙasa ƙasa Layer. A cikin bazara, a lokacin lokacin kumburi na 'ya'yan itacen, kwari suna barin wuraren hunturu kuma sun fara cin abinci, da farko da kodan, daga baya buds da ganye suna toshewa. A lokacin furanni na bishiyar apple, ƙwayoyin berayen suna ƙwai ƙwai. Don yin wannan, mace tayi gnaws wani rami a cikin petiole ko tsakiyar jijiya a cikin underside na ganye, inda kwai saukad da.
Bayan kwanaki 6-8, larvae ya fito daga qwai, wanda ke fitar da tafkin a cikin petiole da jijiya ta tsakiya, yana cike shi da launin ruwan kasa, kuma ya gama ciyar da ganyayyaki da suka fadi. Lokacin ciyar da larvae ya kai kwanaki 25-30. Bayan sun gama ciyar da su, suna zuwa kasar gona don yin ɗamara kuma ƙwayoyin burbus ɗin da aka kirkiro sun kasance sun fi su. Wasu larvae fada cikin diapause kuma pupate kawai a ƙarshen bazara na shekara ta gaba.
Brant
Kwaroyin Goose ya zama ruwan dare a tsakiyar layi da kuma a kudancin Rasha. Itace ɗan itacen Goose ta lalace ta Apple, pear, plum, blackthorn, ceri, apricot da bishiyoyi peach. Nayallen ganye, ganye, manyan harbe da 'ya'yan itatuwa, na iya haifar da lahani mara kyau. Cutar da ɗan itace, kwaro yana sa faɗuwar 'ya'yan itacen.
Lean gero shine rasberi mai ruwan hoda, mai haske, tare da violet ko launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, tsawon tsayin 4.5-6.5 mm, tsawon dutse, mai lankwasa, saman jikin da aka rufe shi da gashin gashi. Ivory Goose tsutsa, wrinkled, arched, mai lankwasa, m, tare da duhu launin ruwan kasa, tsawon jiki 8-9 mm. Pupa mai launin shuɗi-fari, an rufe shi da gashin iskoki, cokali mai yatsan chitinous a ƙarshen ciki, tsawon jikin 4-5 mm.
Goose beetles hibernate karkashin fadi ganye, wani lokacin a fashe haushi. A farkon bazara, tare da fara kumburi da kodan, da ƙwaro suna barin wuraren hunturu kuma suna fara ciyar da kodan. Da farko, goose yana ci a kan plum, daga baya ya motsa zuwa itacen apple. Mako guda bayan fure na itacen apple, gwozayensu suna kwan ƙwayayensu. A wannan yanayin, mace tayi zurfin ciki mai zurfi na 2-3 mm a cikin gidan kwai kuma yana kwan kwai a ƙasan, tana rufe shi da jijiyoyin ciki da hudowar ciki, wanda hakan ke lalata 'ya'yan itace da ke cikin jijiyoyin. Bayan ta sanya ƙwai, ta cinye ƙwayar, wadda tayi saurin faɗaɗuwar tayin. Bayan kwanaki 8-9, larvae ƙyanƙyashe daga qwai, wanda ke ciyar da tayin 'ya'yan tayin da ke jujjuyawar ci gaban da abinci mai kyau na larvae ya kusan wata guda. Daga nan sai suka fito daga 'ya'yan itacen suka shiga kasar gona zuwa zurfin 10 cm, inda suke pupate. Goose beetles na sabon ƙarni fito daga ƙasa a ƙarshen bazara, a farkon kaka da kuma ciyar a kan 'ya'yan itace buds.
Rhynchites bacchus
Coleoptera (Gwoza) - Coleoptera
'Ya'yan itacen Goose - kwaro na cherries, apple apple, apricots, ceri plums, peach, tho tho, plums, bay ganye, cherries, quinces da almonds. Cutar da imago. Beetwanin ƙwayoyin bishiyoyi suna ciyar da ganye, ganye, kore harbe, rosettes na buds da furanni, ovaries, 'ya'yan itatuwa. Larvae ciyar kawai a kan 'ya'yan itãcen mara kyau Yin bisexual. Ci gaban ya cika. Winters a cikin balagagge mataki a cikin ƙasa. Tsararraki shekara ɗaya ne, wani lokacin shekaru biyu.
Danna hoto don faɗaɗawa
Nisa 2.5-4
koda a cikin phenophase
mazugi kore
Ilimin halittar jiki
Imago. Irin ƙwaro shine jan ƙarfe na jan karfe ko shunayya. Dukan rostrum, antennae da kafafu suna da shunayya. Gashin da suka rufe jikin su sun yi kyau a sama, duhu a ƙasa. Elytra tsagi zagaye. Intervals na grooves dan kadan wrinkled. Roaya daga cikin rabin na ƙarshe tare da keel da kusa da tsagi. Girman - 4.5-6.5 mm ba tare da rostrum ba, tare da rostrum - har zuwa 10 mm. Antennae madaidaiciya, tare da gajeriyar sashi na farko, wanda ya bambanta su da gidan weevils.
Dimorphism na jima'i. Mata sun fi maza girma. Proboscis a cikin mace madaidaiciya ne, galibi ya fi tsayi fiye da maza. A kasan sassan ciki na farko guda hudu a tsakiya sune manyan gashin farin-yellow-fari. Maza suna da ɗan haske game da proboscis, kuma ciki mai ruwan hoda-ja ne da ƙaramar sheki, ba tare da aski ba.
Kwai ellipsoidal, farin ruwa, tsawon - 1 mm.
Tsutsa wrinkled, lokacin farin ciki, fari, ba tare da kafafu ba, dan kadan mai lankwasa, tare da karamin kai mai launin ruwan kasa. Tsawon - 5-9 mm. Nisa - 2.5-4 mm.
Doll farin launi. Shugaban, antennae, kafafu da murfin fikafikan bayyane bayyane bayyane. Tsawon - 6-7 mm.
Phenology na ci gaba (a cikin kwanaki)
Ci gaba
Imago ya bayyana daga ƙasa a cikin bazara, lokacin kumburin koda, a matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullum game da 6 ° C. Insectsan daɗaɗɗun kwari nan da nan suka fara cin ƙwayayen, suna ɗanɗana abin da ke ciki. Daga baya suna ciyar da ganye, ganye kore, rosettes na buds da furanni, ovaries, 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Lokacin yanka lissafin ƙarshen phenophase na fure na bishiyoyi. Matan suna gnaw ramuka masu zurfi a cikin 'ya'yan itacen, a kasan wanda aka sanya qwai - daya ga kowane rami.
Kwai an rufe shi da fata fitsari da fitar hankali. Yawancin ƙwai suna dage farawa a cikin 'ya'yan itace guda. Misali, a cikin babban apple, adadin qwai da aka aza zai iya kai dozin uku. Kwanciya ƙwai yana ci gaba - daga kwanaki 20 zuwa 60. Individualaya daga cikin mutum na iya sa har ƙwai 200. Bayan da mace ta gama kwanciya a cikin 'ya'yan itace ɗaya, mace tayi gurnani a gungumen itace. 'Ya'yan itacen sun faɗi a ƙasa da rots.
Tsutsa 'Ya'yan itacen Goose suna iya cin fruitsa fruitsan' ya'yan itace mara kyau A cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa duka, ta mutu. Tsutsa tsintsiya bayan kwanaki 6-7. Yana tasowa a lokacin Yuni - farkon Yuli.
Bayan haɓaka, larvae ya shiga cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 10-15 cm, shirya kansu ɗakunan ƙasa girman fis da ɗalibai.
Doll yana cikin ƙasa na kusan wata guda. Anan ta juye ta zama kwari.
Imago fito daga ƙasa a cikin marigayi Yuli - farkon watan Agusta. Suna hau kan bishiyoyi nan da nan, inda har zuwa ƙarshen kaka suke ciyar da fruitsya ,yan itãcen marmari, fure da kore. A cikin hunturu, geese tafi ƙasa.
Siffofin haɓaka. Da nisa daga duk larvae pupate kuma juya cikin beetles a farkon shekarar rayuwa. Mafi yawansu sun fada cikin magana kuma suna ci gaba da zama a cikin shimfiɗar jariri har zuwa Yuli-Agusta na shekara mai zuwa. Saboda haka, 'ya'yan itace goose ne halin biyu shekaru daya da shekaru biyu. Rayuwar lardin yana tasiri sosai ta ingancin abinci da danshi na ƙasa. Saboda haka, a cikin apple orchards akwai ƙarin diapausing larvae. Har ila yau, an sami karuwar larvae a diapause yayin hazo da sanyaya na ɗan lokaci a watan Yuli-Agusta.
Tsarin ilimin halittar dan adam
Dangane da ilimin halittar jiki (tsarin waje) na manya, babban Goose (giant) shine mafi kusanci (Rhynchites giganteus Krynski). Ya bambanta da jinsin da aka bayyana ta siffofin da ke zuwa: maki na tsagewar elytra an datse a tsakiya ko biyu tare, tsaka-tsakin tsintsiya mara kyau, mara nauyi, girman launi mara kyau, launin jan ƙarfe tare da koren kore, mai ruwan hoda kawai saman rostrum, an rufe shi da farin, ɗan gashin kanshi, ya fi na kowa a kan pear, size 6.5-9 mm.
Bayanin ilimin ɗan adam na jinsin
'Ya'yan itacen Goose (Rhynchites basshul) wakilin dangin bututun ne, asalin halittar Rhinchitis (Rhynchites). Irin ƙwaro yana cikin ƙungiyar 'ya'yan itace kwari. Girmanta shine 4.5-6.5 mm, wanda aka ba da rostrum - 10 mm. Jikin yana da launi mai haske, akwai launuka biyu masu launuka masu haske: launin shuɗi tare da zinariya da kore, jan karfe-ja. Rostrum, antennae da na parendre na shuɗi suna da shunayya. Shugaban yana ƙarami, idanu suna convex, oval. Girman kai ya wuce tsawon.
Rostrum shine silili, yalwatacce a cikin apex. Kwayoyin na gabobin suna zaune proboscis. Babu lebe na sama; maxillae motsa a sarari. A gefen ƙarshen mandibles jerin abubuwan haƙoran hakora ne. Antennae mai tsayi da madaidaiciya, wanda ke kan rostrum. Amincewa da kashi 11, wanda ya ƙare tare da mace mai kashi-kashi.
An rufe sashin na sama da gashin gashi, ƙananan ya yi duhu. Tushen elytra rectangular ne; kafada da kafada suna da haɓaka. A ƙarshen sassan suna kusan layi daya, kuma saman yana zagaye. Babban abin zane shine kananan-meshed tare da alamun alamomi. Abun da ke zagaye. Haguran sun yi kauri, babu kaloli da maloli a kafafu, kasussu hudu-hudu, yatsun yatsun a gindi. Fuka-fukan Hind da ke da kyau, kwari suna tashi.
Rayuwa & Maimaitawa
Manya suna hibernate a cikin kayan kwalliyar bishiyar itace ko a ƙarƙashin ganye mai ganye. A tsakiyar Afrilu, tare da kafa yanayin dumi, sun bar baccinsu. A gare su, matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullum na + 8 ° ya isa. Goose je ciyar a kan buds, buds da ganye. Kusan sun gama cinye kodan. Manya sun bayyana a gaban furannin itacen apple.
Bayanai. 'Ya'yan itacen Goose suna da ikon rusa dukkanin ciyawar ganye a kan' ya'yan itacen bishiyoyi cikin kankanin lokaci.
Malware
'Ya'yan itacen Goose - polyphage. Yana lalata cherries, apple apple, apricots, ceri plums, peach, tho tho, plums, laurels, cherries, quinces da almonds. Larvae da manya suna da lahani, amma tsohuwar ƙwaro suna yin lahani.
Barkewar cututtukan 'ya'yan itace guzir na iya haifar da asarar amfanin gona mai yawa. Ganin cewa irin ƙwaro yana lalata kodan, da ganyayyaki, da 'ya'yan itatuwa, asara na iya kusan kusan 100%.
Matsalar tattalin arziƙi don 'ya'yan itacen goose yana faruwa lokacin da 15% na kodan suka lalace a cikin almara na kore mazugi.
Kiwo
A ƙarshen Mayu, kwari fara ninka. An yi canjin canjin ƙarshen ƙarshen furannin 'ya'yan itace itatuwa. Don sa ƙwai, mace ta gnaws karamin ɗakin 2-3 mm a cikin 'ya'yan itace kore. Whiteaya daga cikin fari, mai ruwa, kwai 1 mm an aza shi a ciki. An rufe rami tare da marmari na hutu. Yana tare da su cewa ƙwayoyin cuta na cututtukan fungal suna shiga cikin tayin. Ana sanya ƙwai da yawa a cikin 'ya'yan itace guda a wurare daban-daban. Mace tana lasar da kuturu don sakin tayin kuma ta lalace kasawa.
Bayanai. A cikin babban apple, macen tayi tana da ƙwai 30, ta rufe su da fatar tayin da kewayenta.
Lokacin girmancin amfrayo zai ɗauki kwanaki 6-8. Ci gaban zuriya yana kusan wata daya. Tsutsa yana mai dan kadan ne, mai launin fata. tare da m integument. Shugaban kwalliya yana da haɓaka. Antennae hada da kashi biyu, na farko karfi convex. Babu idanu masu sauki. Jiki ya yi fari, kai ne launin ruwan kasa. Chest kafafu ba ya nan. Spiracles suna a saman ciki. Tsutsa ya sami damar cin 'ya'yan itace da ke lalacewa, don haka wani ɓangare na zuriyar ya mutu.
Bayan ya kai shekara ta ƙarshe, tsutsa yana barin ragowar tayin keɓaɓɓu cikin ƙasa. A cikin zurfin 10-15 cm, ta shirya ɗakin sharar gida da ɗalibai. Dolly na farin launi, tsawon 6-7 mm. Koyaye da bakinsa a bayyane suke bayyane. Wata daya daga baya, wani ɗan goyi matasa ya bayyana. 'Ya'yan ƙwaro suna barin ƙasa kuma ku hau kan bishiyoyi. Suna ciyar da ganye, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, da koren kore har zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Sai kawai da farkon sanyi, suna ɓoye a cikin fasa daga cikin haushi ko kuma sun gangara zuwa da'irar kusa-kusa, inda suke binne kansu cikin ganye da tarkace na shuka.
Bayanai. Abubuwan da ake tsammani na tsawon 'ya'yan itace guzuri shine kwanaki 65-80.
Wani fasalin jinsin shine jinkirin ci gaban larvae. Ba dukansu dalibi bane a shekarar farko. Angare na zuriya a cikin shimfiɗar mahaifa ya fada cikin diapause. Metamorphosis yana faruwa a lokacin bazara na shekara mai zuwa. An yi amfani da kwari a cikin tsaran shekaru ɗaya da shekaru biyu. Musamman yawancin larvae suna kasancewa a cikin diapause a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayin yanayin illa: ƙananan yanayin zafi, rashin hazo.
Yin gwagwarmaya
Abubuwa masu tsoratarwa. Theoƙarin characharan charadsan ina wellan a wuraren da ake da ruwa sosai, lokutan ƙasa na inasa a cikin bishiyoyin-bishiyoyin a duk lokacin girma, kuma tarin ayanyanan lalacewar zamani na iya rage yawan gooan gooar Goose a cikin gonar guda.
Hanyar inji. A cikin shirye-shiryen gida, yana da ma'ana don girgiza da ƙwaro a saman wani pre-yada mai rufin (tarpaulin, fim), bi hankali tattara da kuma lalata kwari kwari. Ba a iyakance wannan taron ga kankataccen lokaci ba. Matakan ci gaba na wani Goose da damar cimma sakamakon girgiza kashe yayin kusan dukkan lokacin girma.
Hanyar tarko. Around da boles a farkon spring aza fitar farauta belts na bambaro da sauran kayan, pre-bi da tare da shirye-shirye da kwari iri daban-daban. Tarkuna suna da tasiri a duk lokacin girma. Don magance Goose 'ya'yan itace, hanyar manne zobba yana da tasiri.
Hanyar sunadarai. LABARIzubar rawanin bishiyoyi na bishiyoyi kafin fure kuma nan da nan bayan an kammala shi. Ana amfani da Pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, mahallin organophosphorus don fesawa. Game da babbar lalacewa ta hanyar 'ya'yan itace Goose na amfanin gona na wannan shekara, ya zama dole a bugu da carryari yana ɗaukar spraying na kambi da itacen kututture bayan girbi.
Hanyar halitta don yin yaƙi. Fesa tare da magungunan kashe qwari. Kasancewar tsuntsaye iri iri zuwa gonar. Ana nazarin sakamakon lalatattun hanyoyin nematodes akan lambobin Goose: mermetid, rhabditide da diplogasteride.
Daga cikin kwari, kwayar cutar 'ya'yan itace guzir sune: mahaya Yankasai sukace Girki da Bracon rhynchiti Grese, Ethereal - Pimpla calodata Crav.
Rage yawan adadin geese a gonar yana rinjayi ƙungiyar tururuwa (iyalai Formicidae) da wasps daga dangin Vespid (Vespidae).
Lokacin rubuta labarin, an kuma yi amfani da wadannan hanyoyin:
Sadu da kwaro
'Ya'yan itacen' Goose 'kwari ne da ke girma zuwa mm mm zuwa tsawon mm kuma ana fentin su cikin baƙar fata da andan itacen rasberi tare da ƙaramin sheki-kore. Paws, antennae, da parasites sun kai tsawon 7-10 mm masu launin shuɗi ne mai launi, kuma dukkan jikinsu ya lullube da duhu mai duhu. Girman kawunan Goose ya zarce tsawonsu, kuma tsawon tsinkayen yayi daidai da faɗin su. Amma ga elytra, tsayinsu ya wuce nisa, kuma su kansu suna sanye take da kayan girke-girke na yau da kullun.
Girman farin-fararen oval na qwai na Goose yana cikin kewayon daga 0.9 zuwa 1.2 mm. Larvae mara izini, wanda ya girma daga 7 zuwa 9 mm a tsayinsa, yan dan kadan ne ana kuma zane su a cikin sautunan launin shuɗi. Kuma kawunansu kullun duhu ne. Tsawon pupae, farare tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi, shine 6-9 mm. Dukansu suna rufe da gashin gashi, kuma sassan ƙarshe na jikinsu suna sanye da fatar citinous.
Larvae overwinter a cikin ƙasa, kuma kwari ba m - a karkashin auku ganye da kuma a cikin fasa daga cikin haushi. A cikin bazara, lokacin da ƙananan ƙananan farawa suka fara ƙaruwa, kuma matsakaita kullun kullun shine digiri shida zuwa takwas, kwari suna tashi a kambi na bishi kuma sun fara ci a can. Kuma fitowar su daga wuraren hunturu ya ƙare a gaban itatuwan apple. Kwana shida zuwa kwana takwas bayan fure, 'yar' yar 'yar' yar goro ta fara yin qwai. A cikin ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itacen, mace na gnaw cikin rami har zuwa zurfin 2-3 mm. A kasan wadannan ramuka ana sanya su qwai, wadanda aka rufe su daga bango da ragowa. Kuma kusa da ɗakunan kwan, ƙwanƙwaran mata suna shiga cikin ɗakuna na biyu, suna lalata fata kuma suna gabatar da destaructivean lalatattu a cikin naman fruitsa fruitsan halittar.Bayan an sanya qwai, mace tana cinye ciyayi, a sakamakon abin da ya haifar da faɗuwar 'ya'yan itaccan. Yawan haihuwa na kowace mace ya kai qwai dari biyu, kuma matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar cutarwa yana daga kwanaki sittin zuwa tamanin.
Kan aiwatar da kwanciya kwanciya a cikin 'ya'yan itace geese yawanci ƙare kusa da na biyu da rabi na Yuni, kuma a cikin gandun daji-steppe yankin - kamar a ƙarshen Yuli. A cikin kwanaki takwas zuwa tara, larvae mai cin abinci mai narkewa wanda ke ci gaba da lalata kayan ƙwayayen 'ya'yan itace suna sake haihuwa daga ƙwai. Idan 'ya'yan itãcen ba su fara rot, to larvae mutu da sauri, kuma a cikin wadanda wuraren da qwai aka dage farawa, musamman m abin toshe kwalaba warts siffan.
Abincin babba daga kwana ashirin da biyar zuwa talatin da shida. Bayan wannan lokacin, sun bar 'ya'yan itacen kuma suna motsa zuwa zurfin santimita takwas zuwa sha shida a cikin ƙasa, inda daga baya suka fara karatun. A lokaci guda, kusan 50% na mutanen da ke haɓaka a cikin 'ya'yan itacen itacen apple gwanayen ɗalibai, kuma sama da 80% a cikin' ya'yan itacen plum.
Kimanin kwanaki goma sha shida zuwa goma sha takwas bayan gama karatun ɗalibai, ana iya lura da bayyanar kwari. Suna zuwa farfajiya, suna cin shootsa youngan matasa, ,a andan itaciya da ganye har ƙarshen kaka. Kuma da zarar sanyi ta zo, wayoyin cuta suna zuwa wuraren hunturu. Larvae mai cutarwa da ke cikin ƙasa sun fada cikin diapause, kuma sun rigaya ɗan fara a cikin Yuli ko a watan Agusta na shekara mai zuwa.
Yadda ake yaqi
Rage 'ya'yan itatuwa, yana da muhimmanci a yi ƙoƙarin tattarawa da sauri hallaka. A ƙarshen kaka, bayan ganye sun faɗi, da kuma lokacin da taro na taro, larvae gudanar da hankali namo na kasar gona.
Idan kwayoyi bakwai zuwa takwas suka fara fada akan kowane bishiyar itace, zasu fara magani da kwari. Irin waɗannan jiyya suna ba da sakamako mafi kyau a mataki na warewar toho.
Hanyar tarko kuma ya tabbatar da kyau sosai - a farkon bazara, an sanya belili na kamun kifi waɗanda aka yi daga bambaro ko wasu kayan da aka yi maganin riga-kafi tare da kwari. Irin wannan tarko yawanci suna aiki a duk lokacin girma.
Bayanin
Brant ta lalata apple, plum, apricot, ƙasa sau da yawa - pear, ceri, ceri mai zaki, peach. An samu yaduwa, mafi cutarwa a cikin gandun daji-steppe da yankuna na gaba.
Irin ƙwaro 4-6 mm tsawo. Rasberi ja, m tare da ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi-kore, an rufe shi da gajeriyar launin ruwan hoda ko launin shuɗi-fari. Rostrum yana da silima, kunkuntar, ingantacce kuma mai daidaituwa a tsakiyar ta. Rostrum, antennae da paws sune launin shuɗi mai duhu. Elytra a bayan scutellum yana da rauni kaɗan, tare da tsagi na yau da kullun.
Dukansu beetles da larvae hibernate: beetles karkashin ganye zuriyar ganye, a cikin crevices na haushi, da larvae a cikin ƙasa na sama Layer a ƙarƙashin kambi na bishiyoyi. A cikin bazara, ƙwayoyin bishiyoyi suna barin wuraren hunturursu a matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun na 8 ° C kuma suna tara a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi.
Da farko suna tozarta buds, daga baya lalata buds, fure, ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Irin ƙwaro na ƙwanƙwasa a ƙarshen ciyawar kayan amfanin gona na pome. Ba da daɗewa ba, mace ta sa ƙwayayensu a cikin ɓangaren 'ya'yan itacen.
Don yin wannan, macen gnothotor tana gnaws karamin karamin 2-3 mm zurfi a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara, ta sa kwai a ciki ta rufe rami tare da hurawar da kuma rufin asiri. Yawancin ƙwai za a iya sanya su a cikin 'ya'yan itace ɗaya. A cikin duka, mace na iya sa har ƙwai 200 a cikin bazara.
Tare tare da nishaɗi, da ƙwaro suna zuwa cikin raunukan 'ya'yan itatuwa da spores na' ya'yan itace rot, wanda ke haifar da jujjuyawar ɓangaren litattafan almara. Bayan haɗe a cikin zuriyar nan gaba, mace tana zartar da ciyawa, irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa da wuri.
Lokacin shiryawa yana tsawon kwanaki 6-10. Larvae fari-fari da launin shuɗi mai duhu, an rufe shi da gashi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na ci gaba har tsawon wata guda, suna cin naman mai lalacewa, sannan kuma su shiga cikin ƙasa don ɗalibi.
Pupation a karo na biyu rabin Yuni - Yuli. Matsayin dalibi yana kwana 10-20. A ƙarshen bazara, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna bayyana, yawancinsu suna zuwa saman kuma suna cin abinci sosai, suna lalata budsan fure. Da farko na sanyaya, suna ɓoyewa a wuraren da ake yin hunturu.
A karkashin yanayi mara kyau, wani yanki na larvae ya faɗi cikin diapause. Ci gaban su ya yi jinkiri, kuma suna karatun ɗalibai ne kawai a shekara mai zuwa. Don haka kwaro yana da ƙarni ɗaya a cikin shekaru 1-2.
Matakan sarrafawa, rigakafin
A cikin wurare daban-daban inda babu 'ya'yan itace da yawa, ana iya rage adadin weevils ta hanyoyin injiniya:
In a cikin kaka, tsaftace tsummokaran da rassan tsohuwar mataccen da kuma haushi, shafa tare da lemun tsami, da tattara da ƙona abubuwan tsabtace,
Leaves ganye rake da sauran tarkace na shuka, sanya su cikin tari (rami) ko ƙone su,
• tono ƙasa a ƙarƙashin kambi na bishiyoyi, inda mafi yawan vilawara suka nemi mafaka don hunturu. A farkon bazara, a lokacin lokacin kumburin toho, wani sashi mai mahimmanci na lalatattun abubuwa za'a iya lalata su ta hanyar girgiza su daga bishiyoyin akan magin ɗin da tattara su. Idan za ta yiwu, kashe sau da yawa.
A cikin lambuna na samarwa (masana'antu), inda hanyoyin injiniyoyi ba koyaushe ake yiwuwa ba, ana iya hana asarar amfanin gona ta amfani da magunguna.
Don halakar da yawancin ciyar weevils, don hana kwanciya kwanciya za'a iya bi da kwari tare da farkon farawa na kodan ("mazugi kore"). A kan beetles na ceri weevil, spraying yana da tasiri nan da nan bayan flowering.
A cikin lambun mutum guda, an sanya fure tare da dunƙule launin ruwan kasa, a cikin abin da larvae na ƙwayar fure irin ƙwaro, ya kamata a tsince shi kuma ya lalace. Wannan ba zai adana amfanin gonar na yanzu ba, amma zai rage adadin ƙwaro na shekara mai zuwa. Dole ne a aiwatar da wannan aikin yayin hako mai, tare da hana haɓaka ƙwayoyin kwari a cikinsu. Kasuwancin larvae yana raguwa geese da kuma mahaukata tare da tarin kullun da lalata ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Yadda ake shawo kan Goose
Goose - weevil irin ƙwaro, kwaro na 'ya'yan itace amfanin gona. Shekaru da yawa, har ma masana sun san shi ta hanyar zane kawai. Amma bayan wani lokaci, kwaro ya zauna a gonakin mu ta kasuwanci kamar yadda ya yi, kuma ya lalata musu su.
Ina roƙonku kada ku yi mamakin cewa ana kiran ƙwaro irin ƙwaro mace "suna". Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin geese - beetles girman girman wasa, tare da launi mai rasberi na jiki baki ɗaya - maza sun ɗan ƙanƙanana fiye da mace kuma suna nuna halayyar "daidai": sun ci isa ta hanyar gurɓataccen ɗan itacen guda ɗaya, kuma hakan ya isa yau. Ee, rauni a kan tayin sau da yawa lafiya yana warkarwa, kodayake raunin ya ragu daga lalacewa.
Kyakkyawan hali daban a cikin mata. Bayan cin cikakkiyar naman ɗanyun da aka lalatar a baya kuma aka “tuhume shi” da 'ya'yan ɓawon tsintsaye, mace, tare da dogon “hanci”, tana tsinkewa a wani tayi mai lafiya da kwanciya da kwai a ciki. Amma wannan har yanzu shine rabin yakin! Mace ta kulle duk jikin ta da ya tonu saboda kwan kwai da kwancinta. Wannan "dabararren tsari" ne mara kyau game da tayin kuma, ba shakka, mai kula da lambu. Ka tuna, menene matar tayi ado kafin 'aikinta'? Don haka, duk waɗannan ɓarna na 'ya'yan itace lalacewa a cikin narkewa daga cikin Goose ba su narke ba, kawai sai ƙara haɓaka. Saboda haka, mace tayi "rauni" raunin rayayyen tayi na irin wannan cakudaddiyar cuta, wacce ke haifar da lalacewa nan da nan. Neman ƙwai daga kwai, tsutsa kuma ya ciyar ba a kan sabon ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itace ba, amma a kan na ruɓi ne kawai.
Sun rubuta cewa kafin mace, da alama, bayan duk damuwa game da kwai mai zuwa, sun yanke kututture don 'ya'yan itacen sun faɗi ƙasa kuma a can tsutsa cikin kwanciyar hankali yana girma a cikin' ya'yan itace mai lalacewa. Wataƙila ya kasance kafin hakan. Amma yanzu mata ba sa bata lokaci da kuzari a kan wannan, wataƙila tuni sun fahimci cewa koda ba tare da waɗannan lamuran zaɓaɓɓun ba ne 'ya'yan itacen da suke jujjuya kansu nan bada jimawa ko kuma daga baya su fidda tushe.
A larvae girma a cikin 'ya'yan itace Rotring farko je ƙasa don dalibi, amma kafin ƙarshen rani sun gudanar juya zuwa cikin kwari kwari da lalata yara foliage,' ya'yan itatuwa da buds. Koyaya, wannan ƙarni har yanzu ba ma m daga cikin yawa na sauran kwari. Adult kwari da waɗanda suka ba su gudanar da fita daga pupation larvae hunturu a cikin ƙasa. Da rana ta bazara kuma dukkansu suka samu kansu cikin “yanayin aiki”.
Tare da "tarihin rayuwar" goose, duk abin da alama a bayyane yake. Kuma yadda za a magance shi?
Idan mai gonar ba ta da rikicewa ta tsabtace muhalli, to, magani tare da kusan duk wani shiri na tsari - alal misali, Aktara, wanda ke da tasirin hulɗa a kan ɓoye iri - bayan an gama girbin lambu, zai cire cikakkiyar rigakafin kwari da larvae a cikin 'ya'yan itace, amma a lokaci guda zai tsabtace lambun daga sawun da ke cutarwa a lokaci guda.
Idan mai kula yana da damuwa game da yanayin, to, a wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar kulawa sau biyu tare da mako-mako na samfurin halittar Fitoverm. Kuma idan bishiyoyi karami ne, to lallai ba shi da mahimmanci a “harba daga cannons akan gwaraza” saboda 1-2 weevils akan bishiya, zaka iya samun ta "safari" mai mahimmanci na gida. A wannan yanayin, ya zama dole a yi amfani da gaskiyar cewa mace ba da gangan tana ba da “yankin” aikinta ga fruitsa fruitsan da suka fara lalata, ƙasan da ta gaza ci. Yawancin lokaci a can, a saman, a kan ɗayan fruitsan itacen har yanzu, akwai Goose. Amma kar a dauki abu mai sauki! Tare da ƙaramin motsi a cikin shugabancinta, sai ta ɗaura kafaɗunta ta faɗi ƙasa tare da ƙaramin dutse, inda kusan babu wuya a samu. Gaskiya ne, ba za ku iya ƙin wautarta ko dai ba, saboda bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan sai ta koma daidai wannan wurin da ta sauka.
Saboda haka, don aƙalla rabin gamsuwa da ma'anar ɗaukar fansa don 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka lalace, da farko sanya a hankali ka sanya dabino a ƙarƙashin ɗan itacen tare da Goose, sannan kayi motsi a cikin yanayin da yake a bayyane yake - kuma "wasa" a cikin tafin hannunka. Ko kuma yada wani farin fim a gindin bishiya, girgiza shi da karfi ko kuma yayyafa shi da manyan kwararan ruwa mai tsafta. Geese a cikin fewan lokaci kaɗan za su kasance a kan fim.
Da kyau, 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka rigaya tare da larvae a ciki dole ne a tattara su akai-akai kuma binne zurfi, wanda har yanzu kuna da lokaci don yin wannan faɗuwar.
Girman farin-fararen oval na qwai na Goose yana cikin kewayon daga 0.9 zuwa 1.2 mm. Larvae mara izini, wanda ya girma daga 7 zuwa 9 mm a tsayinsa, yan dan kadan ne ana kuma zane su a cikin sautunan launin shuɗi. Kuma kawunansu kullun duhu ne. Tsawon pupae, farare tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi, shine 6-9 mm. Dukansu suna rufe da gashin gashi, kuma sassan ƙarshe na jikinsu suna sanye da fatar citinous.
Larvae overwinter a cikin ƙasa, kuma kwari ba m - a karkashin auku ganye da kuma a cikin fasa daga cikin haushi. A cikin bazara, lokacin da ƙananan ƙananan farawa suka fara ƙaruwa, kuma matsakaita kullun kullun shine digiri shida zuwa takwas, kwari suna tashi a kambi na bishi kuma sun fara ci a can. Kuma fitowar su daga wuraren hunturu ya ƙare a gaban itatuwan apple. Kwana shida zuwa kwana takwas bayan fure, 'yar' yar 'yar' yar goro ta fara yin qwai. A cikin ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itacen, mace na gnaw cikin rami har zuwa zurfin 2-3 mm. A kasan wadannan ramuka ana sanya su qwai, wadanda aka rufe su daga bango da ragowa. Kuma kusa da ɗakunan kwan, ƙwanƙwaran mata suna shiga cikin ɗakuna na biyu, suna lalata fata kuma suna gabatar da destaructivean lalatattu a cikin naman fruitsa fruitsan halittar. Bayan an sanya qwai, mace tana cinye ciyayi, a sakamakon abin da ya haifar da faɗuwar 'ya'yan itaccan. Yawan haihuwa na kowace mace ya kai qwai dari biyu, kuma matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar cutarwa yana daga kwanaki sittin zuwa tamanin.
Kan aiwatar da kwanciya kwanciya a cikin 'ya'yan itace geese yawanci ƙare kusa da na biyu da rabi na Yuni, kuma a cikin gandun daji-steppe yankin - kamar a ƙarshen Yuli. A cikin kwanaki takwas zuwa tara, larvae mai cin abinci mai narkewa wanda ke ci gaba da lalata kayan ƙwayayen 'ya'yan itace suna sake haihuwa daga ƙwai. Idan 'ya'yan itãcen ba su fara rot, to larvae mutu da sauri, kuma a cikin wadanda wuraren da qwai aka dage farawa, musamman m abin toshe kwalaba warts siffan.
Abincin babba daga kwana ashirin da biyar zuwa talatin da shida. Bayan wannan lokacin, sun bar 'ya'yan itacen kuma suna motsa zuwa zurfin santimita takwas zuwa sha shida a cikin ƙasa, inda daga baya suka fara karatun. A lokaci guda, kusan 50% na mutanen da ke haɓaka a cikin 'ya'yan itacen itacen apple gwanayen ɗalibai, kuma sama da 80% a cikin' ya'yan itacen plum.
Measuresarancin aikin gona
Ana bada shawarar matakan da ke gaba don halakar da kwari:
- Loos na kasar gona a kusa-da'irori, yana hana ci gaban pupae.
- Tarin tattarawa da konewar ganye da kitse.
- Gingyamar na tona ranakun bishiyoyi kusa da bishiyoyi da matattarar ruwa.
- Ana Share Turancin daga haushi, farawa tare da maganin lemun tsami.
- Shirya tushen tarkuna daga bambaro ko ganyayyaki da suka fadi tare da maganin kwari.
Hanyoyin hanyoyin
A cikin lambuna a kan dabarun gida, kwari ana sarrafa su ta hanyar hanyoyin:
- Girgiza manya. A ƙarƙashin bishiyun, shimfiɗa zane (tarpaulin, fim na roba) ko shimfiɗa garkuwa. Don kashe kwari, ana amfani da dogayen sanda da aka rufe da burlap. Fatar tana hana lalacewar haushi. Sun bugi rassan tare da shida, kwari sun fadi akan zuriyar dabbobi. An tattara kwari da yawa ta hanyar zubarwa cikin guga na ruwa. Aiki yana farawa da sassafe, yayin da ƙwayoyin ba su da aiki. A yanayin zafi sama da + 10 ° ba zasu fadi ba, amma tashi sama. Kafin furewar bishiyoyi, yana da kyau a aiwatar da 5-6 hanyoyin, kowane mako. Ba a kashe kwari ba kawai akan bishiyoyin apple, har ma a kan sauran bishiyoyi.
- A farkon bazara, ana shirya belts na farauta a saman bishiya. Wannan shine lokacin da kwari bayan kamuwa da cuta suka yi tafiya zuwa kodan don ciyarwa. Tushen bel ɗin an yi shi da kwali ko burlap. Ana amfani da mannewar da ba ta bushewa a farfajiya. Bayan farawa, an cire bel farauta kuma a ƙone su. Rage hanyar kuma ita ce cewa kwari masu amfani suma zasu iya kasancewa.
Chemical
Tare da lalata lalacewar gonar, 'ya'yan itacen' yar 'goose ba za su iya yi ba tare da kula da bishiyoyi tare da magunguna ba. Idan ana samun ƙwaro fiye da 8 a kan shuka, dole ne a yi amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwari. An baza rawanin apple, pear, plum, ceri da sauran bishiyoyi tare da kwari: pyrethroids, ƙwayoyin organophosphorus. Daga cikin magungunan da aka bayar da shawarar su ne “Fufanon”, “Iskra-M”, “Intra-Ts-M”, “Fitoverm”. Ana aiwatar da aikin sarrafawa kafin fure da bayan kammala. Tare da mummunar lalacewar gonar, ana yin ƙarin spraying na rassan da kuma kututture a cikin fall.
Ilimin halitta
Tsofaffi suna ciyarwa a kan ganye, ganye, da kwai, cinya mai zurfi a ƙarshen. Mace ta sanya ƙwai a cikin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da suka kai girman haila. Qwai ne m, fari fari, tare da kawai m yellowness, 0.9-1.2 mm tsawo, 0.6-0.8 mm fadi. Mace tana zub da ciki a cikin zurfin ɗimbin 2-3 mm a tayin, zai sanya kwai ɗaya a ƙwanƙan shi kuma yana ɓarna tayin, daga abin da yake birgima kuma ya faɗi. Haɓaka ƙwai yana wuce kwanaki 6-9. Tsutsa tsutsa cikin 'ya'yan itace mara lalacewa. Bayan ya gama ciyarwa, ya zurfafa zuwa cikin ƙasa, inda yake gina shimfiɗar jariri da ɗalibai. Wasu daga cikin larvae kasance har zuwa bazara na shekara ta gaba. Irin ƙwaro suna fitowa daga larvae waɗanda suka pupated a cikin kaka. Sun bayyana akan bishiyoyi kuma suna ciyarwa akan ɗan lokaci na ɗan lokaci, sannan a ɓoye don hunturu a cikin fasa daga haushi ko a ƙarƙashin ganye masu ganye.
