Kusan mutane miliyan takwas na wasu 'yan kwikwiyo da karnukan karnuka, har da dawakai, dawakai, falloli, karnuka da dodon rufin gida a cikin gidan gunkin mutuwa Anubis a Saqqara, wani ƙaramin ƙauye mai nisan mil 30 kudu da Alkahira. A cewar masanan ilmin boko na Biritaniya, an gina tsoffin katako na Masar kimanin shekaru 2500 da suka gabata - a cikin karni na IV BC e.

Tsoho egyptians sun gina haikali da katako don girmamawa ga Masarawa allolin Anubis wanda, bisa ga camfi, shi ne jagorar matattu zuwa bayan rayuwa, majiɓincin makabarta, da kuma alkali a masarauta ta matattu. An zana shi da shugaban karnuka da jikin mutum. Tun da farko, masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun gano a wajannan wuraren da ke kama dabbobi da sauran dabbobin da suka lalace (abubuwan bauta, shaho, baho da bijimai). Wataƙila wannan yana nuna cewa Masarawa suna bauta wa wasu alloli na zoomorphic.

Farkon ambaton necropolis na dabba yana kunshe ne a cikin binciken kimiyya na masanin ilimin archaeologist na Faransa Jacques de Morgan kuma ya koma 1897. Ya yi taswira na katako biyu inda aka binne dabbobin dabbobi. Koyaya, waɗannan ɓarnatattun abubuwan ba a ɓoye su na dogon lokaci ba, saboda girgizar ƙasa da girgizar ƙasa da aka yi a 1992 ya sa ƙaramar catacomb ɗin ba ta sami damar yin bincike ba. Bugu da kari, da yawa daga cikin maharan da aka adana a cikin jarkokin yumbu na musamman sun fashe kuma sun karye. Masana kimiyya sun ce "An riga an mutu bayan mutuwa, sun zama 'yan bakar fata baƙi,' yan fashi da 'yan kasuwa.

Sauran masu binciken suma basu mai da hankalin su ba don binne dabbobi a Misira. Kuma yanzu ne masana ilimin archaeologists suka iya bincika gabaɗaya a duk ƙarshen necropolis, wanda yake tashoshin tashoshin jiragen ruwa ne da ke da tsaunin 173 zuwa mil 140. “Wannan jerin hanyoyin doguwar duhu ne inda babu hasken halitta. A hakika wannan wuri kyakkyawan wuri ne mai ban sha'awa, ”in ji Paul Nicholson, shugaban bincike, farfesa a fannin ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi a Jami'ar Cardiff.

Tsoffin katako aka gina , mai yiwuwa ne, a cikin karni na IV BC da aka yi da dutse daga lokacin Ypresian mataki na Eocene (watau kimanin shekaru miliyan 48-56). A cewar Gazette na Masar, masanan ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun gano burbushin tsohuwar dodon ruwa, tsokar da ta rayu a wannan yankin shekaru sama da miliyan 48 da suka gabata, a kan katako na rufin dakin da aka binne. Bayan haka, masana kimiyya ba zasu iya bayar da cikakkiyar amsa game da bayyanar wadannan burbushin halitta a cikin gidajen jakar ba. Mafi kyawun hasashe shine gaskiyar cewa dutsen da aka kafa hurumi da shika ya fito ne daga ƙarshen zamanin Eocene, lokacin da aka sami teku a ƙasar Masar ta zamani.

A cikin jana'izar, masana kimiyya sun kirkiri miliyan 8 na karnuka da karnuka. Hakanan tare aka binne tare da su ragowar wasu dabbobi, amma banda 8%. Archaeologists lura cewa sau da yawa sukan sami gangar jikin karnukan karnuka waɗanda ba su da alamun tashin hankali. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa an doli puppy musamman don dalilai na al'ada kuma an kashe shi ta hanyar yunwa da ƙishirwa. "Mai yiwuwa ba a kashe su da gangan ba, ba mu da shaidar fashewar wuyoyin da muka samu a cikin kaburburan cat," in ji Paul Nicholson. Tare da 'ya' yar tsana waɗanda ba a binne su da kyau, masana kimiyya sun ci karo da hadaddun kifayen tsoffin karnuka - a cewar Nicholson, waɗannan dabbobi ne masu sa'ar girma a cikin haikali.

Abubuwan bautar dabbobi a tsohuwar Misira sun shahara tun daga shekara ta 747 kafin haihuwarmu. e. har zuwa 30 BC e. kuma ya ƙare a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Roman. Paul Nicholson ya ce: "A yau, masu yawon bude ido da ke zuwa Saqqara suna ganin yankin hamada tare da dala da dama da kuma wasu mashahuran mutane da aka keɓe don dabbobin." Amma idan kuna da damar ziyartar Saqqara a ƙarshen lokacin, daga 747-332 BC. a zamanin yau, zaku ga gidajen ibada, 'yan kasuwa suna siyar da gumakan gumakan tagulla, firistoci suna jagorantar bukukuwan, mutane suna ba da fassara fassarar mafarki. Wataƙila akwai manoma makiyaya da ke haɓaka karnuka da sauran dabbobi a wani wuri domin daga baya su zama mummunar cutar. st daga cikin alloli. Yana da wani m wuri. "

Imani ya motsa kasuwancin dabbobi da aikin hajji: mutane sun je yankin Saqqara na zamani musamman don yin sadaukarwa ga gumakan da nuna godiyarsu a gare su.

Kasuwanci tabbas ya bunkasa a nan, kuma ba kawai dabbobi masu kashe dabbobi ba: mutane suna buƙatar abinci, abubuwan sha, mazauni. Kuma ana iya kiran wannan wanda ya kafa masana'antar yawon shakatawa ta duniya, "in ji masanin kimiyar kimiyar kayan tarihi Aidan Dodson na Jami'ar Bristol a Burtaniya.

Gaskiyar cewa mazaunan tsohuwar Misira na rayayyiya mummified dabbobi an daɗe da sani. Ko da mawaƙi ɗan Roma mai suna Juvenal ya rubuta cewa "Masararrun Masarawa" masu tsoron allahntaka, za ku iya samun biranen da aka keɓe domin kuliyoyi, kifin kogi ko karnuka.

An binne tsofaffi da ppan kwikwiyo kimanin shekaru dubu biyu da dubu biyu da suka wuce a cikin gidajen katako kusa da haikalin gunkin mutuwa Anubis. A cikin Misira, a cikin tsoffin katako, an gano wani mummunan kabarin maman karnuka miliyan takwas da aka keɓe ga Anubis. Wurin necropolis yana kusa da haikalin wannan allahn a Saqqara - ƙauyen mai nisan kilomita 30 kudu da Alkahira.

An buga labarin kimiyya akan necropolis a cikin mujallar Cambridge Antiquity. Kamar yadda ka sani, a wannan yanki akwai necropolis na babban birnin masarautar tsohuwar Memphis, inda masana archaeologists suka taɓa gano catacombs tare da ragowar dabbobi masu yawa (ibis, shaho, baho da bijimai).

Baya ga sojojin karnuka, wadanda suke da sha’awa, an gano burbushin halittar wani sabon abu a kan rufin katako na tsohuwar rufin teku wanda ya haura shekaru miliyan 48, kama da dangin tsoffin manatees da digongs, rahoton nevnov.ru.

"A yau, masu yawon bude ido da ke zuwa Saqqara suna ganin yankin hamada tare da dala da yawa da kuma wasu mashahurai da aka ƙaddamar da su don dabbobin dabba. Amma idan kuna da damar ziyartar Saqqara a ƙarshen zamani, daga shekara ta 747-332 kafin haihuwar, za ku ga gidajen ibada. Kasuwanci da ke siyar da gumakan gumakan tagulla, manyan firistoci ke gabatar da bukukuwan mutane, waɗanda ke ba da fassarar mafarki. Wataƙila akwai manoma masu kiwon dabbobi da ke haɓaka karnuka da sauran dabbobi a wani wuri domin a ƙarshe su zama masu mutuncin alloli. "esto", - in ji jagorar binciken Paul Nicholson, farfesa a fannin ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi a Jami'ar Cardiff.

Nicholson ya ce, "Kayan katuwar katako ne na layin duhu, haske na ɗabi'a ba ya ratsa can, kuma wannan wurin gaba ɗayan yana da ban sha'awa."

An gina shingen, tabbas, a cikin karni na 4 BC daga dutse daga lokacin Ypresian na Eocene (watau kimanin shekaru miliyan 48-56).

A cewar TASS, tsarin bautar dabbobi ya bunƙasa a tsohuwar Masar daga shekara ta 747 BC. har zuwa 30 BC A karkashin Romawa, a ƙarshe sun bar shi. Farkon ambaton necropolis na dabba yana kunshe ne a cikin binciken kimiyya na masanin ilimin archaeologist na Faransa Jacques de Morgan kuma ya koma 1897. Ya kirkiri taswirar katako biyu inda aka binne dabbobin dabbobi.

Koyaya, a karni na ashirin, masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi basu taba isa wurinsu ba, kuma yashi mai dusar kankara da girgizar kasa a shekarar 1992 a kasar Masar gaba daya ta hana shigowa da karami. Kawai yanzu masanan ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi sun sami damar bincika gabaɗayan necropolis, wanda yake hanyar haɗi ce mai tsawo, ba kuma tushen hasken rana.

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An miƙa dabbobi ga gumakan Masar na d or a ko an sayar da su a kasuwa na gida

A Misira, masana kimiyya sun gano kimar miliyoyin karnuka 8 na karnukan karnuka, dawakai, dawakai, kulika, biri da biri. An gano gawar a karkashin haikalin allahn mutuwa Anubis a Saqqara, in ji znaj.ua.

Masana kimiyya na Biritaniya sun gano tsoffin katako na Masarautar da aka gina kimanin shekaru 2500 da suka wuce - a cikin karni na 4 BC. Archaeologists sunyi nazarin gabaɗaya necropolis kuma sun kirga kusan miliyan 8 na murkushe karnukan karnuka da karnuka ba tare da alamun alamun tashin hankali ba. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun ba da shawarar dabbobi an keɓe musamman kuma ana amfani da su don bukukuwan da al'adu. Mazaunan tsohuwar Masar suna bauta wa alloli da yawa kuma suna miƙa musu dabbobi a kai a kai.

"Da alama ba a kashe su da gangan ba, ba mu da shaidar fashewar wuyoyin da muka samu a cikin kaburburan cat," in ji Paul Nicholson, shugaban bincike, farfesa a fannin ilmin kimiya na ilimin kimiya na Jami'ar Cardiff.

A nasa bangaren, masanin ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi Aidan Dodson na Jami'ar Bristol a Burtaniya ya ba da shawarar cewa samarin da aka gano ya kasance ɗayan cibiyoyin kasuwanci.

A baya can, masana kimiyya sun gano tsofaffin zane zane a jikin fatawar wasu mambobi biyu na Masar shekaru 5000 da suka gabata. Binciken kwayar cutar ta kwari ta tabbatar da cewa duhu a hannun hannu hotunan hotunan dabbobi biyu masu tsoro.