Dayawa sunji labarin Ravens of the Tower, wadanda sukai shekaru 300 suna zaune. Labarin yana da kyau, amma kimiyya ba zata iya tabbatar da komai haka ba. Akwai shaidu cewa a lokacin mutuwa, hankaka wanda ya rayu a hasumiya tsawon shekaru ya 44. Amma a zahiri, Greater, ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda (Phoenicopterus roseus) daga Adelaide Zoo (Ostiraliya), ya zama mai riƙe rikodin tarihin har tsawon rayuwa. Ya rasu a shekarar 2014 yana da shekara 83.

Abokan adawar da aka daɗe suna sanannu ne a tsakanin ɗakuna da manyan parlots kamar su cockatoo ko macaw. Dukkanin bayanan tsawon rai ana lura da su a zaman talala. A dabi'a, dangin wadannan tsuntsayen suna rayuwa da karancin rayuwa, saboda tsufa ya yi nesa da abinda kawai yake haifar da mutuwar jiki.

9. giwayen Asiya - shekara 86

A cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke zaune a ƙasa, giwar Asiya (Elephas maximus) ita ce ke riƙe da rikodin. Gaskiya ne, wannan idan muka cire mutum daga darajar (duk da haka, fifiko na Homo sapiens ne - akwai misalai da yawa na tsawon rayuwa tare da nisan ƙarni zuwa ƙasashen waje). Amma ga giwayen Indiya, to a cikin daji suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 60-70.

Da tsufa, incisors niƙa kuma zai iya daina sarrafa tsire-tsire don abinci. Dabba yana wanzuwa. A cikin zaman talala, tare da taimakon mutane, Kattai sun iya shimfiɗa ma har tsawon lokaci - akwai sanannen al'amari lokacin da giwa ta mutu yana da shekara 86 a gidan zu.

8. Greenland kifi - shekaru 200

Daga cikin dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi Whale yana da rikodin, wanda zai iya rayuwa kamar ƙarni ko fiye da haka. Zuwa yau, yanayi daya ne aka sani lokacin da dabbar wannan nau'in ta mutu da kanta, kuma ba ta zama, alal misali, wanda aka azabtar da ɗan adam

Whale ba shi da kusan abokan gaba. Amma ta yaya ya sami damar yaƙi da tsufa? Kamar yadda masana ilimin halitta na jami'ar Alabama suka gano, kwayoyin halittar kifi Wahle suna da hanyoyin da suke rage manyan cututtukan tsufa, gami da cutar kansa. Dabba yana jagorantar rayuwa mai kwantar da hankali.

7. Giant Seychelles kunar - shekaru 250

Antican kunkuru na Seychelles Megalochelys gigantea sun sami damar tsira zuwa shekaru masu tasowa, kuma suna gwarzo a tsakanin dabbobi masu rarrafe. Da alama yanayi ya ba da kunkuru halittun halittun da ke hana telomeres, iyakar abubuwan da ke cikin DNA, daga gajarta bayan wani yanki na sel.

Akwai wani dalili kuma da ya sa ya fi sauƙi ga kunkuru ya iya kiyaye kansa tsawon ƙarni. Kasancewa dabbar da ke da jini-sanyi, ba ta kashe dukiyar da jikin ta ke da shi don kiyaye yanayin jikin da ake so. Wannan yana rage nauyi akan tsarin zuciya da hana suturar ta.

6. Greenland polar shark - shekaru 500

Shahararren dutsen nan na Greenland, babban, mai jinkirin, mai zama a cikin ruwan Arctic na ruwan sanyi, zai iya rayuwa har zuwa bikin cika shi shekara dubu. A can, cikin sanyi da duhu, inda babu inda za a yi tsegumi kuma babu wanda zai ji tsoro, kifin ya haɓaka aiki da jinkirin aiki, wanda, a fili, shine babban dalilin tsawon rai. Haka ne, kuma yin haɓaka da sauri ba shi da amfani - tushen abinci mai gina jiki na maƙarƙashiya ba shi da iyaka. Saboda haka, fewan jarirai ke haihuwa, kuma kifin mace ta isa girma kawai ta shekara 150.

5. Soso - shekaru 2300

A wasu wurare a cikin teku za ku iya samun halittun da aka haifa shekaru 300 kafin zamaninmu. Jikin soso ya kunshi yadudduka biyu na sel masu hade da jeso kamar Mesochil dake tsakanin su, suna tace ruwan don neman wani abu mai gina jiki.

Lokacin da babu jijiyoyi, rayuwa ta zama da sauƙi har ta iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 2300, kamar soso na Xestospongia muta, wanda kuma ake kira da babban gilashin ganga. Koyaya, akwai ɗaruruwan enarurruka na cikin mahalli na cikin ruwa. Mashahurin clam Arctica Islandica, wanda ya rayu shekaru 507.

4. Pine Methuselah - shekara 5666

Da yake magana game da tsawon rayuwar bishiyoyi, muna yawan tuna da itacen oaks da baobabs, amma a cikin masu wasan zakarun akwai conifers. Babban mai yin rikodin rikodin mutum shine katako mai tsalle-tsalle (Pinus longaeva) Methuselah, wanda ke girma a cikin tsaunukan Arewacin Amurka. Shekaru - 5666.

Shekarun Tsohon Tiikko spruce, wanda ke girma a Dutsen Fulu a Sweden, an kiyasta shi ya kai shekaru 9560! Gaskiya ne, gangar jikinta yanzu tana ƙarami, kuma tsohuwar tsarin tushen ta rayu har tsawon dubunnan shekaru, daga abin da, bayan mutuwar ɗaya akwati ɗaya yake, sabon saɓanin asalin halitta yana girma. Hakanan yana yiwuwa cewa yaduwar yaduwa ta hanyar yin ƙasa lokacin da reshe ya ƙone ƙasa ya ɗauki tushe kuma ya haifar da sabon tsiro. Gabaɗaya, Tsohon Tiikko itace itace ta clonal, kuma itacen ɓaure na clonal da aka haɗa da asalin sa na iya wanzu dubunnan shekaru.

Shuka Shuka kuma zasu iya rayuwa tsawon lokaci ba tabbas. Masana kimiya na Rasha sun yi tsiro da tsiro mai kunkuntar resin (Silene stenophylla), waɗanda suka shimfiɗa a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗan ruwa na shekaru 32,000.

3. Kwayoyin Chemotrophic - shekaru 10,000

Oran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke rayuwa a ƙarƙashin teku a zurfin 700 m na tsayayya da matsananciyar matsin lamba da kuma yanayin zafi (kusan digiri 100), kuma ban da haka, suna rayuwa aƙalla shekaru 10,000 - daga rarrabuwa zuwa rarrabuwa. An samo manyan masu rai a cikin samfuran ƙasa wanda aka samo lokacin haɓakar jirgin ruwan daga jirgin ruwan kimiyya na JOIDES. Da alama, wannan rayuwar tana da kusan shekaru miliyan 100 - wannan shine zamanin tsufa wanda aka ɗauki samfuran.

2. Bacilli Bacillus permians - shekaru miliyan 250

A shekara ta 2000, an buga wata takarda tana ikirarin cewa masu binciken Amurkawan sun sami nasarar tayar da tsoffin ‘yan kasar Bacillus miliyan 250 da aka samu a cikin adon gishiri (New Mexico) daga rashin isassun abinci. Duk wannan kwata-kwatankwacin shekaru biliyan, bacilli ya wanzu ta hanyar spores, a ciki wanda tsarin aikin metabolism yake tsayawa.

1. Jellyfish Turritopsis dohrnii - abada

Jellyfish Turritopsis dohrnii galibi ana kiranta rashin mutuwa. Fiye daidai, tana iya rayuwa har abada. Wannan shine yadda akeyin jellyfish na yau da kullun. Matakin farko na cigaban halittar jikin sel ne ya hadu (kamar wadanda suke samar da murjani). A wani matakin, polyp yana haihuwar jellyfish. Ita kuma ta kai ga balaga, tana shiga haihuwa har ta mutu. Jellyfish mai balagagge ba zai iya komawa zuwa matakin polyp ba. Amma ba Turritopsis dohrnii - yana manne da wasu farfajiya kan farawa da yanayin mawuyacin hali, ƙwayoyin jikinsu suna juyawa, kamar dai komawa zuwa matakin "jariri". To sai polyp din ya sake samar da jellyfish ... Kuma da alama ba za a sami wurin mutuwa a sarkar wadannan metamorphoses ba.

Rikodin tsawon shekaru tsakanin mutane mallakar 'yar matan Faransa ce, Jeanne Kalman, wacce ta rayu shekara 122 (1875 zuwa1997). Yana iya zama kamar wasu ga dabbobi masu shayarwa (kuma mu ma a cikin su) ta hanyar yanayi. Koyaya, tsawon rayuwar kwayoyin halitta shine dabarar da aka zaba ta hanyar zabin mutane. Kuma koda da kwari rana guda daya ci gaba da rayuwa, yadu, ya yawaita, to kuwa an aiwatar da dabarun daidai, kuma makomar mutum, kamar yadda masana ilmin halitta suka fada, basu da wata mahimmanci ga juyin halitta. Duk abin da baya mutuwa na dogon lokaci ko dai yana da kamala ko kuma yana haifar da “hanyar hana” rayuwa. Kuma da wuya kowannenmu zai so ya zama ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ko jellyfish.

Enaruruwan

Dabbobi masu shayarwa, idan aka kwatanta da sauran abubuwa masu rai, na iya rayuwa tsawon rai. Amma waɗannan ƙananan 'yan halittu ne, ragowar ƙusoshin ba su da tsayi. Whale baka ya fita waje, mai rikodin gaske.

Yankana Whale

Masana ilimin kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa mafi girman yiwuwar tsufa na wannan katuwar shine shekaru 211. An yi nazarin maza uku, waɗanda shekarunsu ba su wuce 100 ba (a ɗayansu an sami ɓoyayyen kayan harkari fiye da shekara ɗari).

Gaba kuma, abin mamaki shine, akwai wani mutum (shima dabbobi ne). Ya kware wajen rayuwa sama da shekara ɗari, kuma aikin hukuma mallakar Jeanne Kalman ne, yana da shekara 122. Kodayake akwai mutane, kuma a yanzu akwai waɗanda, wanda ya fi tsayi, amma ba zai iya tabbatar da wannan tare da takaddun ba.

Kisan kifi

Orcas kuma sun iya rayuwa fiye da shekara ɗari, mai rikodin a tsakanin su mutum ne mai suna Granny, wanda ya shekara 103. Amma giwayen, wanda kuma zai iya yin alfahari da shekaru, bai kai karni ba, iyakarsu kusan shekaru 80 ne.

Tsuntsayen ƙarni

An yi imani da cewa crows masu hikima suna rayuwa fiye da kowane tsuntsu. Kuma shekarun su na iya wuce dari dari, ko ma shekaru dari biyu. Amma wannan ba gaskiya bane, hankaka, wanda ya kasance shekara 59, an yi shi a hukumance, wannan shine iyaka. Amma akwai tsuntsaye waɗanda shekarunsu ke kusan shekara ɗari.

Ara aku zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 60-80, yayin da shekarun haifuwarsu ya kama daga shekaru 30 zuwa 35. Gabaɗaya, parrots sune tsuntsayen da suka daɗe suna rayuwa. Misali, a daya daga cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi akwai wata kyakkyawar giya mai suna Kukis, wacce aka sake dawowa a shekarar 1933.

Kuran akuya ya rayu shekaru 83

A ka'ida, albatrosses na iya kaiwa zuwa tsawan shekaru. Zuwa yanzu, masana harkar ilimin dabbobi sun san namiji mai suna Wizd, wanda ya kusa cika shekara 63 da haihuwa kuma har yanzu yana kula da kajin. Flamingo Gritter ya rayu a daya daga cikin wuraren kiwon dabbobi tsawon shekaru 83.

Zamani kunkuru

Mafi shahararrun centan wasan shekaru, ba shakka, kunkuru. Daga cikin waɗannan, babban abin kunkuru Seychelles ya tsaya a waje. Mutumin da aka kama a tsibirin Aldabra ya rayu a cikin Zangon Calcutta kusan shekaru 250. Sunanta Advaita.

Wata kunkuru mai irin wannan tallafin, Jonathan, an kiyaye shi a tsibirin St. Helena, kwanan nan ta cika shekara 186. Fiye da ƙarni ɗaya, ɗaiɗaikun mutane da kunkuru da Galapagos sun rayu, alal misali, sanannen Lonely George, wakilin ƙarshe na wakilansa.

Hauren giwa ko Galapagos

Lizards

A yawancin tsibiran tsibiran da ke bakin tekun New Zealand, tsoffin masu lizards suna zaune, takwarorin diinosaur, wannan shine tuatara. Mutum ɗaya, namiji mai suna Henry, ya cika shekara 117.

Harshen Tuatar (Hatteria)

Shekaru goma da suka wuce, an kama wani babban lobster a cikin Tekun Atlantika. Kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka yanke shawara, shekarunsa sun kai kimanin shekaru 150. Dukda cewa suna son siyarwa da cin abincin shi da yawa, amma jama'a sun fusata kuma aka saki lobsters.