Wataƙila ɗayan dabbobin da ake jayayya a duniya shine kada. Wani ya dauka yana da muni da kuma zubar da jini, wani yana ganin yana da amfani, kuma wasu suna da tabbacin cewa waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sune ainihin zuriyar dinosaur da suke rayuwa a zamaninmu. Dukkanmu mun san abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da karikoki wadanda suke da wuya mu yarda. Bari mu ga inda gaskiyar take a nan kuma ina almara.
Wanene macijin?
Macijin abinci ne mai fasasshen ruwa na ruwa. Yana zaune a cikin wurare masu zafi da canjin yanayin ƙasa. Yana yiwuwa a sadu da su a duk nahiyoyi, in banda Turai da Antarctica. Mafi yawan rayuwar kaho yakan faru ne a ruwa. Suna ƙaunar tafkunan ruwa na laka, daskararru, koguna, fadama mai zurfi. Duk abin da karnukan maciji ke iya samu yana da kyau don abincin rana. Kuma ganima na iya zama daban - wannan ƙaramin kifi ne daga tafkuna, da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa da suka isa ramin shara. Yawan rayuwar gwanayen ya kai shekara dari. Sun fara farawa yana da shekaru 6-8.
Ma'aikata na sana'a ne sana'a mai ban sha'awa. Mutanen wannan ƙwarewar sun san komai game da kada kai da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe. Aikinsu ne suyi nazarin nau'ikan waɗannan dabbobin masu haɗari.
Mafi nau'ikan nau'ikan crocodiles
A yanzu haka, nau'ikan karnuka 23 suna zaune a cikin koguna da tabkuna. Dukkansu sun kasu gida uku:
- Yankakken Yankana - babban iyali. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 14 daga waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ga wannan dangin da sanannen sanannen igiyar ruwa na Nimge mallakar kowa ne. Abubuwan ban sha'awa da labarun ban tsoro game da karnukan da ke zaune a kogi mafi girma a Afirka za su tsoratar da har ma da fargaba.
- Mai kadawa. Wannan dangi ya hada da nau'ikan alligators biyu da nau'ikan caymanas. A zahiri, alligators sun bambanta da khalifofi da caimans, kodayake mutane da yawa ba sa ganin bambanci.
- Gavialovye. A cikin haɗin wannan iyalin akwai jinsi ɗaya kawai - gavial Gangan.
Menene haɗarin haro?
Shin gaskiya ne cewa crocodiles yana buƙatar zama mai tsoro? Shin suna da haɗari kamar yadda suke kallo? Ko kuma, wataƙila, “tsoro yana da manyan idanu,” kuma dukkan mummunan labarun game da waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sune almara?
A zahiri, kada wata dabba ce mai ƙarfi wacce take da haƙora masu girma da kuma saurin walƙiya, amma ba takamaiman ta farautar mutane. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe kawai suna iya cutar da waɗanda suka mamaye ƙasarsu. Rikicinsu yawanci kare ne. Duk abin da yakamata game da lu'ulu'ai, game da zubar da jini da hatsari ga mutane, ana yin karin gishiri a wasu lokuta, amma har yanzu yana da ma'ana. Ya kamata ku mai da hankali sosai yayin magana da su, musamman idan irin wannan tattaunawar ba ta gudana a yankinku ba.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da karye
Bayyanar, kisa, da kuma hatsarin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe a koyaushe sun kasance babbar sha'awa. Wadannan 'yan amphibians suna da fasali masu ban mamaki da yawa:
- Ba tsammani, karnuka na iya hawa bishiyoyi. 'Yan ilimin dabbobi masu binciken dabbobi sun saba lura dasu akan rassan bishiyoyi. Haka kuma, zasu iya hawa zuwa tsawo na 2.5 m.
- Legend yana da cewa kada, lokacin da cin abinci mutum yake kuka, yana jin laifi. Gaskiya wannan gaskiyane - zaka iya hango hawayen mai, amma suna bayyana ne kawai lokacin da ya ci kowane nama, kuma bashi da alaƙa da lamiri na farka, amma tare da ilimin halin mutum. Saboda haka, yawan ruwan gishiri ana cire shi daga kwayoyin halittar dake sakewa.
- Macen tana da hakora 24. Suna canzawa tsawon rayuwa. Madadin sabon haƙoran da ya ɓace, dole ne sabon ya girma, kuma ana iya maimaita wannan sau da yawa.
- Macijin zai iya tsalle daga ruwan har tsayin mita biyu.
- Sau da yawa zaku iya ganin dabbobi masu rarrafe suna kwance a bakin tekun tare da buɗe baki a tsorace. Ana yin wannan don kwantar da jiki.
- Kogin crocus shine mafi yawan ƙwanƙwasa. Tsawon jikinsa ya kai mita 7, da nauyi - 1 ton. Kuna iya saduwa da shi a arewacin yankin na Australiya da Indiya.
- Croannun cannuwa yara ne masu sauƙin ganima. Kashi 99% daga cikinsu mutane ne ke cin abincin su ta hanyar jinsin nasu da sauran dabbobi masu tsinkaye.
Abubuwan da aka fi sani da macizai
Ba koyaushe hujjoji masu ban sha'awa ba game da rakumi ya zama gaskiya. Yana faruwa cewa labarin da ake yadawa game da daya ko wani fasadi na wadannan halittu masu rarrafe a bayyane yake.
Akwai ra'ayi cewa tsuntsayen, suna ƙoƙarin neman abinci, suna amfani da kawunansu na tsageran don tsabtace hakoran daga tarkace abinci. A zahiri, a cikin daji, ba a lura da irin wannan symbiosis ba, kuma bayanan da mutane da yawa suka dauka na gaskiya sun juya zuwa zama almara.
Wani almara ya shafi yaren. An yi imani da cewa wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ba kawai suke yi ba. Kamar yadda wataƙila ka faɗi, wannan ba gaskiya bane. Kowane maciji yana da yare, kuma babba sosai. Abin da kawai cewa waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ba za su iya fitar da shi ba. Wannan saboda yanayin sihiri ne: harshe yana haɗe tare da duk tsawon ƙasan muƙamuƙin wucin gadi. Shi ke nan abin da ake rarrashi ke nan da bakinsa ne. Lallai suna nan daga kada, saboda haka ba zai iya rufe baki gaba ɗaya kuma haƙoran haƙora koyaushe suna cikin gani.
Duk wanda ya yarda cewa karnuka suna gudu da sauri to shima yayi kuskure. Tsarin jikin wannan rarraɓa kawai ba shi damar samun damar haɓaka saurin kilomita 10 / h.
Kuka a talabijin
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da karnuka (ƙagagge, ba shakka) Hakanan za'a iya samo su daga katun.
Wataƙila sanannen sananniyar kada "daga talabijin" ana ɗauka cewa Gena ne. Cheburashka aboki ne. Wannan maciji mai tausayi da jin kunya, wanda ba shi yiwuwa a hango shi ba tare da jituwa mai ƙaunarsa ba. Tare da waƙoƙin sa, yana farantawa yara sama da ɗaya ƙarni.
Kwanan nan, wani wasan kwamfuta gaba ɗaya ya bayyana, an sadaukar da shi ga macijin mai dadi da ƙauna - “Macijin Swampy”. Yana da tsabta koyaushe yana ƙoƙarin wanke kansa sosai. Wannan kada ya zama sananne sosai har an harbi wasu jerin sassan abubuwa masu rai iri ɗaya game da shi.
A cikin sanannun ayoyin Korney Chukovsky, kada ya rage cewa ƙauyen ne, domin ya hadiye rana. Amma kamar yadda a cikin kowane tatsuniyoyi, komai ya ƙare lafiya. Wannan labarin kuma ya cancanci yin fim game da zane mai ban dariya.
Abin tsoro game da kodo ana yawan nuna su a fina-finai na fasali. 'Yan dabbobi masu rarrafe a can babu mai tausayi da aminci. Akwai fina-finai da yawa waɗanda babban halinsu mai kama ne. Ba za ku ga gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ga yara a cikinsu ba, amma ga manya, suna ganin alkawuran zama nishaɗi. "Ruwa mai tsinkaye", "Tabkin tsoro", "Alligator" - Waɗannan sune kawai wasu fina-finai masu ban tsoro game da kada.
Yatsa - bayanin, halaye, tsari, hoto
Kyakyawan itace ɗaya daga cikin fewan tsira da wakilan tsarin halittar kayan tarihin dabbobi, kuma mafi kusancinsu shine tsuntsaye, waɗanda su ma zuriyarsu ne ko kuma dangin archosaur. Af, dinosaurs wani ɓangare ne na sikelin gilashi na kayan tarihi.
Dangane da nau'in halittar, tsayin tsintsiya ya kai mudu 2-5.5, tsayin babban kada ya kai mita 7. Thewarar da macijin shine kilogiram 400-700, yayin da nauyin gashin maigidan da ya goga ya kai kilo 200. A cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe, dimorphism na jima'i ana ambatar su sosai: maza nau'ikan jinsi ɗaya sun girma sau 2-2.5 fiye da mace.
Akwai vertebrae 9 a cikin mahaifa, kuma 17. a cikin akwati. Tsawon wutsiyar macijin ya ƙunshi 35 ko 37 vertebrae kuma yana yin ayyukan injin da motsa jiki, kazalika da aikin thermoregulation.
Tsarin jikin mai rarrafe misali ne tabbatacce misali na karbuwa ga rayuwa a tsarin ruwa. Amsar bakin da ke kwance a cikin kaho yana karewa cikin doguwar murabba'i, jiki yana da tsawo kuma ya fasasshe, wutsiya mai motsi an matsa daga bangarorin. A gefuna na jiki gajere ne. Gaban gwiwoyin gaban yana da yatsu 5, an rarrabe kafafu ta hanyar rashin ɗan yatsa kaɗan.
Yatsun suna hade da membranes. Duk da gajerun kafafu, har kananan karnuka na iya yin gajeran nesa ba kusa ba. Iya saurin maciji akan ƙasa shine 14-17 km / h. A cikin ruwa, macijin yana da saurin tafiyar 30-35 km / h.
Ginin kwanyar crocodile yayi kama da na dinosaur kuma yana da alaƙa biyu na yanayi na lokaci.
Idanu, kunnuwa da hanci sun kasance suna kusa da saman kai. Godiya ga wannan, mai rarrafe zai iya kwantawa a karkashin ruwa, yana lura da kewayen, kuma a lokaci guda gyara da warin ganima kawai tare da idanunsa da hancinsa.
An bambanta idanun macen ta hanyar ɗalibin ɗigo na ɗorewa, ƙyallen kare na uku da kasancewar glandar lacrimal don wanke idanu.
Babbar bakin macijin yana da hakora masu siffar hakora wanda yakai cm 5 a tsayi. A cikin hakoran mai rarrafe akwai hakora wanda matasa hakora masu kaifi suke fitowa yayin da suke niƙa.
Yawan hakora na maciji na iya zama daga 72 zuwa 100, gwargwadon nau'in.
An rufe jikin maciji da fata, yana kunshe da launuka masu girma na kusurwa huɗu, an shirya su a sarari. A ƙarƙashin garkuwa, da kuma wani lokacin a ƙarƙashin ciki, ana ƙirƙirar ossification fata na ƙaramin abu, yana haifar da nau'in carapace. An kare ciki ta hanyar hakarkarin ciki, da kekancewa daga kashin baya.
Ya danganta da yankin da nau'in, fata macen na iya zama launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kusan baki, launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, kore mai kauri ko yashi.
Zuciyar macijin mai 'ya' ya 'ya ce ce huɗu, kuma jini mai rarrafe ya ƙunshi magungunan rigakafi waɗanda ke hana kamuwa da cuta lokacin lalacewa ko daga ruwa mai ƙazanta. Wani lokacin farin ciki, da murfin tsoka ya ƙunshi gastrolites - duwatsu na musamman waɗanda ke taimaka wa niƙa abinci da ba da daidaituwa na jiki lokacin iyo.
Yankuna dawwama a cikin rayuwa saboda ci gaban kullun da ke akwai a cikin kasusuwa. A cikin yanayin, mucikoki suna rayuwa, a matsakaita, shekaru 80-100.
Yawancin crocodiles ba su da abokan gaba, amma wasu dabbobi da tsuntsayen (sun lura da ƙwayoyi, kunkuru, herons da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa) suna cin ƙwai.
Cwukoki na iya tsalle, kuma suna tsalle tsayi, suna kama wanda aka kama da haƙoransu
Hawaye na fashewa, ko me yasa kukan ya fashe da kuka
Akwai wata tatsuniyar da macijin ta ci ganima kuma ta yi kuka a kanta da hawaye. A zahiri, crocodiles ba ta kuka da tausayi. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa karnukan daji suna da glandar lacrimal na musamman waɗanda ke cire adadin gishiri a jiki. Sabili da haka, hawaye na kwastomomi - wannan shine kawai amsawar jiki, wanda ke kubutar da mai rarrafe daga gishiri mai yawa. Glandan gishirin suna kuma a cikin harshen yawon.
Butterfly yana shan hawaye
A ina suke da karnuka ke zaune?
Yankunan Yankuna suna zama a kusan dukkanin ƙasashe masu yanayin zafi da laima na tropics. Abun da ake rayuwa yana rayuwa a cikin Afirka da tsibirin Philippine, ana samun su a Japan da Guatemala, a Bali da arewacin Australiya, a cikin tafkunan Kudu da Arewacin Amurka.
Ainihi, karnukan rayuwa suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsabta, suna cinye yawancin rana a cikin ruwa. Amma godiya ga kyawun yanayin ƙwayar gishirin, crocodiles suna rayuwa har a cikin ruwan teku mai gishiri sosai ba tare da cutar da lafiyar su ba. Guguwa na gishiri, kamar su berayen da waɗanda aka tattara, suna zaune ne a gabar tekun.
Tsarin rayuwar maciji
Dukkan jinsunan masu rarrafe iri-iri dabbobi ne na yau da kullun: suna zaune a cikin tafkunan, amma suna sa ƙwai a ƙasa. Yana ciyar da mafi yawan rana a cikin ruwa, mafarautan suna zuwa da sanyin safiya ko da rana - mafi dacewa lokacin rana.
Maciji dabba ce mai-jini, kuma zafin jikinta ya dogara da muhalli. Osteoderms (faranti faranti) na dabbobi masu rarrafe, wadanda ke a ƙarƙashin ƙaho daga cikin harsashi mai kama da maciji, suna aiki azaman baturan ajiya wanda ke tara zafin rana.
Saboda haka, yawan zafin jiki a cikin jiki yayin rana yawanci baya wuce digiri 1-2.
A cikin matsanancin zafi, karnuka suna buɗe bakinsu don fitar da ruwa, kuma ƙananan tsuntsayen suna cinikin abinci da mayukan da ke makale a tsakanin haƙoran su.
A cikin fari, kada maciji zai iya yin hibernate, a cikin wani rami da aka haƙa a ƙasan tafkin bushewa.
Yawanci, karnuka ba sa yin nisa da ruwa, amma idan ya cancanta, zasu iya shawo kan kilomita da yawa a ƙafa ko kuma ba su da ƙarfin gallop, suna haɓaka saurin gudu zuwa kilomita 17 / h.
Me karnuka suke ci?
Abincin kuwwara ya dogara da girman mutum ɗaya: ya fi girma mai rarrafe, mafi ƙarancin menu.
Abincin ya samo asali ne daga nau'ikan kifayen, crustaceans, mollusks, tsuntsayen ruwa, jemagu, macizai da masu lizards da suke yawo akan ruwa, gami da amphibians mai guba, alal misali, toad aga.
A cikin ruwan teku, kada abincin yakan ci kifi, dabbar dolphins, kunkuru, sawfish har ma da kifayen kifi, da suka hada da farar fata, wanda girmansa bai kai girmansa ba, amma kuma ya fi tsawon sawu. Musamman menu daban-daban, wanda ya kunshi dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Samun nasara ya kawo rago ga mayuka, mai lura da lizard, boar daji, tururuwa, dabo ko dutsin cin abincin rana.
Sau da yawa, naman daji yakan zama bebaye, aladu, damisa da zakuna. Kuka kuma sukan ci birai, gefuna, kangaroos, hares, raccoon, martens da mongooses. Idan za ta yiwu, ba za su ƙi kai farmaki kan dabbobin gida ba, kayan kaji ne, doki ko shanu.
Wasu macizai suna cinye juna, wato, ba sa raini don kai irin nasu.
Ta yaya macijin farauta?
Kukawwara suna kashe yawancin rana a cikin ruwa, kuma farauta ne kawai da farkon duhu. Da mai rarrafe ya haɗiye ƙananan ganima gaba ɗaya. A cikin duel tare da babban wanda aka azabtar, makaman maciji mai ƙarfi ne. Manyan dabbobin ƙasa, alal misali, barewa da baffa, masu garkuwar maciji a rami na ruwa, suna kai hari ba zato ba tsammani tare da jefa su cikin ruwa, inda wanda abin ya shafa ya kasa yin tsayayya. Babban kifi, ya yi akasin haka, yana jan ciki zuwa ruwa mara zurfi, inda ya fi sauƙi a magance ganima.
Babban faifan maharbi mai sauƙin murkushe kwanon buffalo, da kuma rawar kai da kansa da kuma hanyar musamman ta “juyawa mai mutuwa” nan da nan ya tsage abincin. Kada karnuka ba su san yadda za su tauna ba, saboda haka, yayin da suka kashe wanda suka kashe, sai suka kwance ɓoyayyen nama da tsokoki masu ƙarfi suka cinye shi duka.
Kada kukan cin abinci dayawa: abincin rana ɗaya na iya samin kashi 23% daga cikin maɓarnar. Sau da yawa crocodiles suna ɓoye wani ɓangaren ganima, amma ba koyaushe ake ajiye ragowar ba, kuma wasu magabatan galibi ne suke amfani da su.
Macijin ya kama kifin sharki
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin kada da mai siye?
- A crocodile nasa ne da macijin, duk kuwa shine mallakar dangi. A lokaci guda, dabbobi masu rarrafe duk mallakar tsarin macijin ne.
- Babban bambanci tsakanin kada da mai rarrafe shine a cikin tsarin muƙamuƙi da hakoran hakora. Tare da rufe bakin, ɗayan ko biyu hakora a ƙananan muƙamuƙi koyaushe suna fitowa daga bakin, kuma a cikin alligator babban muƙamuƙin sama ya ƙunshi grin abin da ke cikin.
- Hakanan, banbanci tsakanin kada da mai rarrafe shine ginin muck. Matar da aka yiwa alama tana nuna tana da siffar harafin Turanci na V, don ma'anar mai rikodin ya zama mara nauyi kuma kamar wasiƙar U.
- Yankuna suna da gishirin gishiri a cikin harshe da gemar lacrimal a idanun don cire tarin gishiri a jiki, saboda haka zasu iya rayuwa a cikin teku. 'Yan boko ba su da waɗannan gland, saboda haka, galibi suna rayuwa ne cikin jikunan ruwa.
- Idan muka kwatanta girman kada da kadawar, yana da wuya a faɗi wane daga cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe ne suka fi girma. Matsakaicin tsayin alligator bai wuce matsakaicin tsintsiyar ba. Amma idan kun kwatanta mafi girman mutane, to, baƙin Amurka (Mississippian) yana da matsakaicin girman jiki ba fiye da mita 4.5 ba (bisa ga bayanan da ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, matsakaicin matsakaicin adadin mutum ɗaya shine mita 5.8). Kuma mafi girma a duniya combedcodile tare da matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum 5.2 zai iya girma zuwa mita 7 a tsayi.
- Matsakaicin nauyin Mississippi kada (yana da girma fiye da Sinawa) shine kilogiram 200, yayin da matsakaicin nauyin da aka karba ya kai kilo 626. Matsakaicin nauyi na kada ya dogara da nau'in halittu. Amma duk da haka, wasu nau'ikan karnuka masu nauyin halitta sun fi yadda ake zana haske. Misali, nauyin kawan kawa ya kai tan 1, kuma kadaici mafi girma a duniya ya kai kimanin tan 2.
Menene banbanci tsakanin kada?
- Dukkanan kukan maciji da na gavial suna cikin ɗaure ɓololo. Amma macijin wani yanki ne na kada, kuma gavial yana cikin dangin gavial.
- A crocodile yana da glandan gishirin da ke kan harshe, kuma gemar lacrimal na musamman a yankin ido: ta hanyar su, ana cire gishiri mai yawa daga jikin kada. Wannan lamari yana ba da izinin zama don ya zauna a cikin ruwan gishiri. Gavial bashi da irin wannan glandon, saboda haka mazaunin gundarin ruwa mai tsabta ne.
- A crocodile yana da sauƙin rarrabewa daga rarrabucewa a cikin siran jaws: gavial yana da ƙananan kunkuntar jaws, wanda ke kuɓuta ta farauta kawai don kifi. Maciji shine mai babban muƙamuƙi.
- Gavial suna da hakora fiye da macijin, amma sunada ƙanana da fin fin gaske: gavial suna buƙatar irin wannan haƙoran da hakora don riƙe kifin da aka kama da ƙarfi a bakin. Ya danganta da nau'in, kada kukan yana da hakora 66 ko 68, amma gavial tana haɓaka ɗaruruwan haƙoran haƙora.
- Wani banbanci tsakanin kada da gavial: na duk gidan khalil, kawai giwa yana ciyar da mafi yawan lokaci a cikin ruwa, barin tafkin kawai don kwanƙwai ƙwai da ƙarancin rana. A crocodile yana cikin jikin ruwa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na rayuwarsa, yana fifita jikin ruwa sama da ƙasa.
- Kada kujeru da gavials sun sha bamban sosai a gwargwadon girman su. Maza gavial yawanci suna da tsawon jiki tsawon mita 3-4.5, da wuya ya kai mita 5.5 a tsayi. Yankunan da ke yawo ba su da nisa da takwarorinsu - tsawon shekarun mazan sun bambanta tsakanin mita 2-5.5. Kuma duk da haka, maza masu yanayi na wasu nau'ikan kunnuwa sau da yawa sun kai mita 7 a tsayi. Dangane da nauyi, kada a sami cin nasara a wannan zagaye: Acancancan dogo na iya kaiwa kilogram 2000, kuma girman Ganges yana da nauyin kilogram 180-200.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin kawu da caiman?
- Duk da cewa karnukan miya da biranen suna cikin tsarin kada, 'yan sandar' caimans sun kasance na dangi ne, haka kuma kishiyoyin gidan crocodile ne.
- Bambancin bambance-bambancen dake tsakanin kuruciya da caiman sune kamar haka: An bambanta crocodet ta hancin V-mai kama, ana amfani da caimans ta ƙamshi da ƙyalli mai siffa-mai siffa.
- Wani banbanci tsakanin dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma shine crocodiles suna da glandan gishiri na musamman a cikin harsunansu. Ta hanyar su, har ma ta hanyar glandar lacrimal, karnuka suna kawar da gishiri mai yawa, sabili da haka suna jin daidai da kyau a duka sabo da ruwa mai gishiri. Caimans basu da wannan fasalin, sabili da haka, tare da banbancin da ba a sani ba, suna rayuwa ne cikin tsabtataccen ruwa.
Nau'in karkara: suna, bayanin, jeri da hoto
Tsarin zamani ya rarrabe tsarin kadaici cikin iyalai 3, halittu 8 da ire-irensu 24.
Hakikanin crocodiles na iyali(Crocodylidae). Wasu daga cikin nau'ikanta suna da sha'awa ta musamman:
- Saltwater kada (Sea kada)(Kocin Crocodylus)
mafi girma a cikin duniya, mai cin nama ne mai cin nama, wanda aka kafa shi a saman sarkar abinci. Sauran sunaye don wannan mai rarrafe shine karwan kwai na ruwa, kada, cantibal, salti, estuarine da Indo-Pacific kada. Tsawon macijin wanda aka combed zai iya kaiwa mita 7 tare da nauyin nauyin tan 2. Dabbobin sun sami sunan ta saboda kyawawan tsoffin kasusuwa guda 2 da ke wucewa da jijiyoyi daga gefen idanun. A bayyanar crocodile, launuka masu launin shuɗi-mai-haske sun mamaye su, kuma duhu ratsu da tuffa ana rarrabe su a jiki da wutsiya. Mai son ruwan gishiri shine asalin mazaunan kogunan da ke gudana a cikin teku, kuma suna rayuwa a lagos. Kututtukan ruwan Saltwater suna yawan zama a cikin manyan tekuna kuma ana samun su a arewacin gabar tekun Australia, a Indonesia, Philippines, Indiya da kuma bakin tekun Japan. Abincin maciji shine kowane irin abincin da magabci zai iya kamawa. Waɗannan na iya zama babbar dabbobin ƙasa: buffaloes, damisa, grizzlies, antelopes, Pythons, lezards na kasa. Hakanan, dabbobi masu shayarwa na matsakaici galibi suna zama ganima don kada: boars daji, tapirs, dingoes, kangaroos, yawancin nau'ikan birai, gami da mayukan ogan. Dabbobin gida suna iya zama ganima: awaki, tumaki, dawakai, aladu, karnuka da kuliyoyi. Yawancin ruwa mai ruwa, da kuma teku da ruwa mai zurfi, dabbar dolphins, stingrays da yawancin kifayen kifayen, suna fadowa daga tsuntsayen zuwa bakin kwalaba. Cubawon tsintsiya yana ciyar da kwari na ruwa, kwaro, kwari da ƙananan kifi. Tsofaffin mutane suna cin yadin cin abinci mai yalwa, manyan kifayen da crustaceans. A wasu lokutan, kwale-kwalen kwalekwalen mutane suna cin naman mutane, ba a rasa damar cin representativesan kananan wakilai ko masu rauni daga jinsinsu.
- Dumb(Osteolaemus tetraspis)
ita ce mafi ƙarancin macijin a duniya. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai mita 1.5. Nami yakai kimanin kilogram 80, macen macen tayi nauyi kimanin kilo 30-35. Launi na baya na maɓarnaci baki ne, ciki rawaya ne, mai baƙar fata. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan crocodiles ba, mai rarrafe yana da fatar da ta dace da faranti mai ƙarfi, wanda ke rama rashin ci gaban. Duban kunnuwa suna zaune a cikin sabbin ruwa na Yammacin Afirka, masu kunya da rufin asiri, suna jagoranci rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. Suna ciyar da kifi, katantanwa da ɗaukar kaya.
- Agarin kogin Nilu(Kyakyawar amoticus)
mafi girman dangi bayan kwazo, ya zauna a Afirka. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin maza yakai mita 4.5 zuwa 5.5, kuma nauyin macen namiji yakai kusan tan 1. Launin lu'ulu'u ya yi launin toka ko launin ruwan hoda; raɗaɗi mai duhu ya koma baya da wutsiya. Reptile yana daya daga cikin jinsuna 3 da suke rayuwa a cikin kasashen Afirka kuma basu da daidaito a tsarin ruwa. Ko da a ƙasa, rikicin da ya samo asali daga ganima, alal misali, tare da zakuna, ya ta'allaka ne da “yunwar yaƙi”, kuma har yanzu macijin ya fito na cin nasara. Kyakyawar ruwan kogin Nilu wata al'ada ce da ke zaune a koguna, tabkuna da kuma fadamayoyi da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara, gami da kwanciyar kogin Nilu. Macilan yankin na Nile yana cin kifin: ɓarkewar kogin Nilu, kwari, busassun baƙar fata, matukan jirgin ruwan Afirka da wakilan cyprinids masu yawa. Kazalika dabbobi masu shayarwa: dabbobin daji, awaki na ruwa, gemuna, gumaka, warthogs, chimpanzees da gorillas. Sau da yawa, kowane nau'in dabbobi da ke mallakar gida suna zama ganima don kada. Musamman ma manyan mutane suna kai hari a kan biri, rakumi, dako, rakuma da giwayen Afirka. Croaukakan kwaɗar ruwan Namibiya suna cin abinci na amurkawa: toad na Afirka, ciyawar da aka yi da mutun da tsintsiyar goliath. Cubs suna ciyar da kwari (murhu, ciyayi), katako da sauran hanyoyin motsa jiki.
- Yawa Siamese(Crocodylus siamensis)
Yana da tsawon jikin mutum har zuwa 3-4 m. Launi na kada ya zama ruwan zaitun, wani lokacin duhu ne. Yawan nauyin namiji ya kai kilogiram 350, nauyin mata shine kilogram 150. An jera wannan nau'in karnukan cikin littafin 'Red Book' kamar yadda ake cikin haɗari. A yau alkalumma basu wuce mutum 5,000 ba. Yankunan jinsunan sun ratsa kasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya: Cambodia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, kuma ana samun su a tsibirin Kalimantan. Babban abincin abincin Sicese crocodiles sune nau'ikan kifaye iri daban-daban, amphibians, ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe. A lokuta mawuyacin hali, macijin yana ciyar da jijiyoyi da garkuwa.
- Makircin Amurka(Accus Crocodylus)
wanda yafi kowa zama dangi. An bambanta jinsunan ta kunkuntar, guntu nuna alama. Maza manya sun girma zuwa 4 m a tsayi, mace har zuwa 3. M nauyi na kada ya kai kilogiram 500-1000. A launi na kada ne launin toka-toka ko launin shuɗi. Kukawwam na zaune a yankuna masu wahala, koguna, da kuma ruwan tafkuna da gishiri a cikin Amurka. Croasari na Amurka suna cin yawancin nau'ikan ruwa mai kyau da kifin ruwan teku. Wani muhimmin sashi na abincin yana hade da tsuntsaye: pelicans, Flaingos, herons, storks. A wani lokaci na yau da kullun, karnukan cin abinci kunkuru da dabbobi. Matasa masu rarrafe suna ciyar da mayu, katantanwa, gami da kwari da lardin su.
- Yatsan yatsun Australiyakada (Crocodylus johnstoni)
Kyakkyawan ruwa ne kuma mai ƙanƙanta a cikin girman: maza ba su girma sama da mita 3 a tsayi, mace har zuwa mita 2. Dabba na da wulakantaccen kunkuntar mara nauyi don kada. Launin mai rarrafe mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin baki tare da ratsan baki a baya da wutsiyar kada. Adadin mutane kusan dubu 100 suna zaune a cikin jikunan ruwa a arewacin Australia. Macijin da ke yawo a cikin Australia ya fi kamun kifi. Smallanan sashin abincin mutane manya ne, hian adam, mai shayarwa, macizai, masu shayarwa da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Iyalin Alligator (Alligatoridae), wanda alligators da caimans suke subfamily. Sauran nau'ikan suna cikin wannan iyali:
- Mississippi Alligator (Baƙi na Amurka)(Alligator mississippiensis)
babban mai rarrafe (mai rarrafe), wanda mazajensu ke girma har zuwa 4.5 m a tsawon tare da nauyin jikinsa ya kai kilogiram 200. Ba kamar a kada ba, Ba'amurke ya yi ƙanƙan da haƙuri da haƙuri kuma yana iya yin sanyi da sanyi a cikin dusar ƙanƙara kuma yana barin hanci a saman. Waɗannan baƙin suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai kyau na Arewacin Amurka: madatsun ruwa, ruwa, koguna da tabkuna. Mississippi (Ba'amurke) baƙi ne, ba kamar karnuka ba, ba kasafai ke kaiwa manyan dabbobi hari ba. Manyan kwastomomi suna ciyar da kifi, mai shayarwar ruwa, macizai na ruwa da kunkuru, daga dabbobi masu shayarwa suna cin abincin nutria, muskrats da raccoons. Cuban sandar Alligator suna cin tsutsotsi, gizo-gizo, katantanwa, gami da kwari da tsutsa. Wasu alligators ba su da isasshen ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa kuma sun kasance albinos. Gaskiya ne, farin baƙon abu ne da wuya a same shi a yanayi.
White kada (albino)
- Sinadaran kasar Sin (Alligator sinensis)
kananan nau'in alligator, wanda shima nau'in halitta ne mai saurin faruwa. Mutane 200 kawai ke rayuwa cikin yanayi. Launi na alligator launin rawaya-launin shuɗi; aibobi baƙi suna kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Matsakaicin tsaran allurai shine mita 1.5, matsakaicin ya kai mita 2.2. Yawan nauyin maharbin shine kilogiram 35-45. Alligators suna zaune a China, a cikin kogin Yangtze. Suna ciyar da kananun tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi, macizai, mollusks.
- Makiya(kallo)caiman(Caiman crocodilus)
wani ɗan ƙaramin ƙawance tare da tsawon jikinsa har zuwa 1.8-2 m kuma nauyinsa ya kai 60 kilogiram. Ana rarrabe wannan nau'in crocodge ta hanyar kunkuntar guntu da haɓakar ƙashin kashi tsakanin idanu, wanda yake kama da tabarau a siffar. Manan ƙaramar cayman yana da launi mai launin shuɗi tare da baƙar fata, crowararrakin aku yana da fatar zaitun-kore. Da mai rarrafe yana da mafi fadi da kewayon alligators. Cayman yana zaune ne a cikin rijiyoyin mara sauka, masu saurin juyawa tare da ruwa mai gishiri ko gishiri daga Mexico da Guatemala zuwa Jamhuriyar Dominica da Bahamas. Saboda ƙaramin girman sa, caiman yana cin mollusks, kifi mai matsakaici, kifayen ruwa, da ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wani lokaci ana yiwa mutane kisan gilla a wasu lokuta a kan manya-manya da macizai, alal misali, anaconda, harda boars na daji har ma da sauran yankuna.
- Black cayman(Melanosuchus niger)
daya daga cikin manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Tsawon jikin ɗan da yake da ɗan lokaci zai iya wuce mil 5.5, kuma nauyin jikin zai iya wuce kilo 500. Daga idanun gaba ɗayan tsohuwar tasirin akwai alamun murƙushin ƙasusuwa, misalin dukkan mutanen ƙasar. Yawan jama'a na zamani kusan mutane dubu 100 suna zaune a cikin manyan koguna da tabkuna a Kudancin Amurka. Man baƙar fata 'yan kwalliya suna cin kifaye da yawa, gami da piranhas, da kunkuru da macizai. Amma babban sashin abincin yana kunshe ne da dabbobi masu shayarwa: deer, capybaras, burodi, alkyabba, murabba'i, birai, armadillos, dabbobin kogi, berayen Brazil. A wasu yankuna na kewayon abinci, abincin da ake ci a koda yaushe shine dabbobin gida daban-daban, gami da shanu. Matasan garin Caimans suna ciyar da katantanwa, kwaɗi da ƙananan nau'in kifi.
Iyali yan Gavial (Gavialidae) ya ƙunshi yawancin janareta da kuma kawai nau'ikan 2 na zamani:
- Ganges Gavial(Gavialis gangeticus)
babban wakilin warewa tare da jikin da ke girma zuwa mita 6 a tsayi. Gavials, sabanin karnuka na ainihi, suna da madaidaicin tsarin mulki, don haka nauyin girma, gabaɗaya, bai wuce kilo 200 ba. An rarrabe Gavialov ta hanyar sifofi na sifofi na jaws, wanda aka iya dacewa da shi don kamun kifi, harma da adadin haƙoran hakora - har guda 100. Gaviales suna zaune a cikin iska mai ƙarfi da kuma kabilu na koguna na Indiya, Pakistan da Bangladesh. An jera nau'ikan jinsin a cikin Littafin Red kamar yadda ba kasada musamman ba, a Bhutan da Myanmar an gama lalata su gaba daya. Saboda rayuwar rayuwa mai yawan ruwa, Gangancin Gangan suna cin kifin. Musamman manyan mutane lokaci-lokaci suna kaiwa hari ga dabbobi masu shayarwa kuma suna ci da fata. Matasa masu rarrafe sun gamsu da dabbobin da ba za su iya ba.
- Yawaita Gavial(Tomistoma schlegelii)
mafi kusantar dangi na gavial, tare da tsayi guda, kunkuntar guntu da girman girma. Tsawon jikin macen zai iya wuce mita 6, amma a matsakaici ya kai bai wuce mita 5 ba. Launin launi shine ruwan cakulan mai ruwan hoda tare da ratsi a jiki. Yawan nauyin kada ya bambanta daga kilogram 93 a cikin mata zuwa kilo 210 na maza. Wannan nau'in halittar dabbobi masu rarrafe yana da matsayin wata halitta mai haɗari. Smallan ƙaramar mutane, kamar mutane dubu 2,5, suna zaune a cikin ƙananan rafuffuka, kogunan ruwa masu yawa da koguna na Indonesia da Malaysia. Maballin maciji mai rarrafe, ba kamar na dangi na kusa da shi ba, gavial na Gangali, yana amfani da kifi, jatan lande na ƙananan hanji kawai. Duk da kunkuntar kunar bakin wake, tushen abincin maharbin sune akuyoyi da sauran macizai, masu sanya ido, kunkuru, birai, aladu na daji, barewa da mashaya.
Sake bugun crocodiles. Ta yaya tsintsiya suke kiwo?
Yankuna dawwama sun isa haihuwa zuwa shekaru 8-10 da haihuwa tare da tsayin jiki na mita 2.5 a cikin maza da kuma mita 1.7 cikin mata. Lokaci na kiwo na kudanci na gwanayen ya fadi a cikin watanni na hunturu, macijin arewa ya sa ƙwayayen su a bazara.
A farkon lokacin kiwo, maza sun yi shelar kewaye tare da roƙon roƙo, da jan hankalin mata, da kuma matse fuska a cikin ruwa. A lokacin wasannin ma'aurata, ma'auratan suna shafa fuskokinsu kuma suna “wakoki” daban-daban.
Mace ta macen tana girke girke a kan sandbanks a nan kusa kusa da bakin teku ko a gadaje bushewar kogin. A cikin rami rabin mitir mai zurfi, macen macen ta yanka daga qwai daga 20 zuwa 85, a binne su da yashi kuma a kare su a duk lokacin shiryawa, wanda zai dauki tsawon watanni 3.
Duk da kulawar iyayen biyu, kashi 10% na ƙwai kawai ake ajiyewa a cikin kamawa.
A wasu lokutan da mahaifiyar ba ta wurin sanyaya ruwa a cikin ruwa ko kuma a takaice wani tsari daga zafin rana, sauran mafarauta ko mutane na iya lalata gidan macen.
Croanann crocodiles suna kyankyashe suna yin sautikan kamar karkatarwa. Sai uwa ta zubar da yashi kuma ta kwashe thean sandar kusa da kandami a bakin ta. Wani lokacin iyaye sukan matse qwai tsakanin harshe da sama, suna taimaka wa yaran da za a haife su.
Theanjin da ke tattare da yawo a cikin gida yana ƙayyade yawan zafin jiki a cikin gida lokacin shiryawa. Idan sandar ta yi zafi a cikin kewayon daga digiri 32 zuwa 34.5, maza ne ake haihuwa. Zazzabi a sama ko suchasa da wannan alamar yana kayyade haihuwar mace.
Cuban tsintsiya yana da tsawon tsawon 30 cm kuma yana haɓaka da sauri. An kewaye su ta hanyar kulawa da juna biyu na shekaru 2, bayan haka zuriyayen sun girma kuma sun miƙa zuwa 1-1.2 m suna zuwa rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Yankunan dawwama suna rayuwa tsawon rai kuma suna da kyau a cikin zaman talala, amma babu makawa horarwa. A yau, wasu masoya masu matsanancin raunin daɗaɗawa suna ƙoƙari su ci gaba da karnuka a gida, suna gina musu aviaries da wuraren iyo. Abin takaici, galibi irin waɗannan ƙoƙarin suna haifar da ko dai mutuwar maharbi saboda rashin kulawa, ko kuma a wani yanayi mai ban tausayi dangane da amincin mai shi. Idan zamuyi magana game da abubuwan da ke tattare da kuzari a cikin mahallin da basu dace ba, zabin da yafi dacewa shine kyakkyawan zoo, inda kwararru ke lura da dabbobi masu rarrafe.
A ina suke da karnuka ke zaune?
Waɗannan dabbobin suna son zafi sosai. Saboda haka, mazauninsu yankuna ne na wurare masu zafi kuma marasa lalacewa. Yankunanndawwara sun gwammace zama cikin rafukan rafi da ƙananan tafkuna. Koyaya, akwai wakilai masu rabewa wanda ke daɗaɗaɗɗen ruwan gishiri - waɗannan haruffa ne.
Hippo farauta.
Kada kukan tsukewa a cikin rayuwar su, kodayake, zasu iya, idan ya cancanta, yin kaifi mai kaifi, gudu har ma ya tashi! Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da haɗari sosai, zai fi kyau kada ayi ƙoƙarin haɗu da macijin fuska da fuska.
Menene macijin yake ci?
A cikin hanyar abinci, duk crocodiles sune kaddara, zuwa digiri ɗaya ko wata. Ya danganta da girman, wasu daga cikinsu suna ciyar da kifaye ne kawai (alal misali, kunkuntar kunnun yawu), wasu kuma suna cin naman dabbobi masu girma da kuma manyan macizai. Wasu daga cikin wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sun kai hari har da giwayen!
Bugu da kari, mollus, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa, kwaroro har ma da kwari zasu iya kasancewa a cikin abincin kodo.
Gabaɗaya halayen keɓance karkatattun kekuna
Abun da ke tattare da karkatattun kekuna ya ƙunshi nau'ikan karnukan 15, waɗanda suka banbanta halayensu na waje da mazauninsu. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, yawancin karnukan daji suna da suna da ke hade da yawansu.
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An rarraba wadannan kawannan iri-iri kamar haka:
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Saltwater (ko combed, marine) kada. Wannan wakilin yana da fasali na musamman a cikin nau'ikan crests a cikin yankin ido. Bayyanar wannan nau'in tana haifar da fargaba saboda girman girmanta. Ta hannun dama, ana daukar wannan nau'in mafi girma da kuma mafi hadari a tsakanin karnukan macijin. Girman jikin mutum zai iya kaiwa mita 7 a tsayi. Kuna iya saduwa da wannan wakilin a kudu maso gabas Asiya da Arewacin Ostiraliya.
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Agarin kogin Nilu. Mafi girman ra'ayi a Afirka. Wannan shine mafi girman na biyu bayan hawan gishiri. Representativeungiyar wakilcin wannan wakilcin koyaushe ita ce batun muhawara. Amma an yi rajista a hukumance bai wuce mita 6 ba.
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Indo (ko fadama) kada ko mage. Ta ka'idojin daukacin nau'ikan halittar, Bahagon Indiya shine wakilin matsakaita. Girman namiji shine mita 3. Wannan nau'in ya fi dacewa da ƙasa fiye da sauran kuma yana iya cinye yawancin lokacinsa a can. Kafa yankin ƙasar Indiya.
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Croan Amurka (ko Ba'amurke) kada. Wannan wakilin zai iya kai girman kawun Nilu. Ana ɗaukarsa mai haɗari ne mai haɗari, amma yana kaiwa mutane hari da wuya. Sunan "kaifi-witted" samu saboda ta elongated da kunkuntar jaws. Yawan wannan nau'in yana cikin Kudanci da Arewacin Amurka.
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Afirin Afirka-kunkuntar. Ana ganin kamar maciji ƙage yana da fiɗa-fiƙe saboda takamaiman tsarinsa na motar. Thearfafawa da siririn jaws ɗin suna ba da wannan nau'in damar shawo kan kamun kifi. An jera jinsunan kamar yadda ake cikin haɗari a cikin littafin Red. An kiyaye nau'ikan kwanan nan a ƙasar Gabon a Afirka.
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Can mawaƙa na Musicoc. Mafi yawan wakilin wakilcin Kudancin Amurka. Tana da kunkuntar mara nauyi, wanda ke taimakawa rayuwa mai ruwa ruwa abinci. Wannan wakilin ya fi shafa ga masu ba da fata, saboda fatarsa tana da nauyi mai yawa a kasuwar baƙar fata.
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Yaro-kunkuntar Australiya ko kadawar Johnston. Karamin wakili kadan. Namiji tsawon mita 2.5 ne. An saita arewacin tekun Australia ne.
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Croan Filipin Philippine. Ana samun yawancin jama'ar wannan nau'in na musamman a cikin Filipinas. Bambanci na waje ya ta'allaka ne da babban tsarin mucks. An yi jita-jita game da macijin na Philippine mai tsananin ƙarfi. Amma tunda yankin mazauninsa ya fi nesa da mazaunin ɗan adam, hare-hare na da matuƙar wuya.
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Tsintsiyar Amurka ta Tsakiya ko Morel. Wannan nau'in an gano shi ne kawai a cikin 1850 daga masanin ilimin ɗabi'ar ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar Morel, wanda aka sanya kariyar ta tsakiyar suna. Yanayin da aka kafa Morele yankuna tare da jikkunan ruwa na Tsakiyar Amurka.
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Sabuwar Guinean Oya. An jera wakilin a cikin Littafin Rubutu. Wurin zama a cikin Indonesia kawai. Ya fi son yin amfani da ruwa mai ɗorewa kuma yana haifar da rayuwa ta rayuwa.
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Hayancin Cuban. An kafa shi a tsibiran Cuba. Wani mahimmin fasali game da wannan nau'in shi ne wani gabar jiki mai dan tsayi, wanda ke ba shi damar farautar ƙasa. An dauke shi da matukar m da kuma kawo hadari iri.
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Yawa Siamese. Wakilin da ba kasafai yake faruwa ba wanda za'a iya samu a Kambodiya. Girmansa bai wuce mita 3 ba.
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Baƙon Afriki ko duruf duruf. Karamin wakilcin karnuka. Matsakaicin jikin mutum shine mita 1.5. Wuraren yaduwar Afirka da tabkuna.
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Janar halaye na alligator tawagar
Na biyu mafi yawan jinsunan. Ya hada wakilai 8. Ya hada da nau'ikan masu zuwa:
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Amurka (ko Mississippian) baƙi. An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban nau'in ƙungiyar alligator. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin maza yayi hawa da kusan mita 4. Yana fasalta jaws mai karfi. Yana zaune a gefen kudu na Amurka.
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Siffofin kasar Sin. Muhimmin ra'ayi game da ƙasar Sin. Ya kai matsakaicin tsawon mita 2 a cikin girma. Mafi girman wakilci. Yawan jama'a kawai 200 alligators.
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Black cayman. Dangane da girman, yana da matsayi na farko tare da wakilin Amurka. Tsawon jikin wannan duhun zai iya kaiwa mita 6. Mashahuri a Latin Amurka. An ba da rahoton kai hari kan mutane.
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Maciji (ko kallo) caiman. Matsakaici a cikin wakilin girman. Tsawon jikin mutum bai kai mita 2.5 ba. Ragowar alligators sun fi shahara, suna yaduwa daga Belize da Guatemala zuwa Peru da Mexico.
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Cayman. Pretty babban gani. A cikin girmanta daga 3 zuwa 3.5 mita. Kafa yankin ƙasar Argentina.
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Paraguayan (ko Yakar) cayman. Mafi girman wakilci. Tana mamaye yankin kudancin Brazil da arewacin Argentina. Lessarancin gama gari a Paraguay kuma a gefen kudu na Bolivia.
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Dwarf (ko fuska mai santsi) caiman Cuvier. Tsawon jikin wannan caiman bai wuce mita 1.6 ba, wanda yayi kankanta idan aka kwatanta shi da dangi. An dauki mafi ƙarancin wakilcin ƙungiyar gaba ɗaya. Jinsunan suna zaune a Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Ecuador da Guyana. Masanin ilimin dabi'a na kasar Faransa Cuvier ne ya fara gano wannan nau'in a shekarar 1807.
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M fuska (ko dwarf) Schneider caiman. Wannan nau'in dan kadan ya fi girma fiye da caiman Cuvier. Girmanta zai iya kaiwa mita 2.3. An rarraba kewayon rarraba daga Venezuela zuwa kudancin Brazil.
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Janar halaye na gavialov detachment
Wannan wakilin ya hada nau'ikan biyu ne kawai - wannan gavial ganjabi da gavial kada. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna da manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe masu rarrafe iri ɗaya kamar irin yawu na yau da kullun. Wani fasali na musamman shine siket na kashin wuya, wanda zasu iya wajan shawo kan kamun kifi.
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Mahalli gwanayen giwa ya bazu zuwa Indonesia, Vietnam da Malaysia.
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Ganges Gavial wani lokaci ana samunsa a Nepal, Myanmar da Bangladesh. A cikin yankuna da yawa, wannan nau'in ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. Achaukarwar Gavialov yana cinye mafi yawan lokaci a cikin ruwa, inda zai iya samun abincinsa da ɓacin rai.
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Abincin Kawa
Yawancin wakilai sun fi son farauta mai zaman kansa, nau'in dabbobi masu saurin gaske na iya yin aiki tare don nemo ganima. Yawancin crocodiles sun haɗa da babban wasa a cikin abincinsu. Wadannan sun hada da:
Babu wata dabba da za ta iya kwatantawa da maciji tare da haƙoranta masu kaifi da baki mai faɗi. Lokacin da wanda aka azabtar ya fada cikin bakin kada, to ba zai iya sake fita daga ciki ba. A matsayinka na mai mulki, maciji ya hadiye abincinsa gabaɗaya, wani lokacin kuma yakan zubeshi da guntu. Manyan macizai suna cin abinci mai yawa a kowace rana, galibi kashi 23% na nauyin jikinsu.
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Tun zamanin da, samfurin su koyaushe shine kifi. Saboda yanayin zama, wannan nau'in abun ciye-ciye shine mafi sauri kuma mafi araha.
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Lokacin kiwo da zuriya
Cabilu ana ɗaukar wakilan mata da yawa masu rarrafe. Zamanin dabbar ta hanyar canji yana bayyana ta hanyar yaƙar jini tsakanin maza don jan hankalin macen da aka zaɓa. Lokacin da za'a haɗu, mace zata sanya ƙwayayenta a kan ƙoshin. Don ɓoye su daga idanuwan ɓoye, ya rufe ƙwai da ƙasa da ciyawa. Wasu mata suna binne su a cikin ƙasa. Yawan ƙwai da aka aza ya dogara da nau'in wakilan. Yawan su na iya zama 10 ko 100. A lokacin haila, mace ba ta nisanta daga abin da take yi, saboda tana kiyaye su daga hatsarin a koyaushe. Lokaci na bayyanar crocodiles ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, amma, a matsayinka na mai mulki, bai wuce watanni 3 ba. Kananan karkace ana haihuwar su a lokaci guda, kuma girman jikinsu ya kai santimita 28. Tryoƙarin ficewa daga cikin kwandon, jarirai suna fara zage-zage da ƙarfi don jan hankalin uwa. Idan mahaifiyar ta ji, tana taimaka wa zuriyarta su fitar da ƙwayayensu da haƙoranta masu kaifi, wanda hakan yakan fashe harsashi. Bayan nasarar cinikin, macen ta danganta 'ya'yanta ga tafki.
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Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka, mahaifiyar ta fasa haɗin da zuriyarta. Croan yashi kuwa yakan fita zuwa cikin daji babu mai ƙima da taimako.
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Ba kowane jinsin bane ke lura da zuriyarsu. Mafi yawan gavials bayan kwanciya qwai suna barin “mazaunin” su kuma suna barin zuriya gaba daya.
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Tunda an tilasta wa karnuka girma da wuri, mutuwar su tun tana da ƙuruciya ta yi yawa. Croan ƙananan karnukan an tilasta su don ɓoye daga mafarautan daji, kuma da farko suna ciyar da kwari ne kawai akan kwari. Da yake sun girma, zasu iya jimre wa farautar kifaye, kuma kamar yadda suke manya za su iya farautar babban wasa.
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