Mafi karami tsakanin ducks. Teal ya ninka sau 3 fiye da na mallard. Whaure bai wuce santimita 38 ba tsawonsa. Yawancin lokaci tsawon jikin mutum shine santimita 30. Tsuntsayen basu wuce gram 450 ba. Mata, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da adadin kusan 250.
Fitowar tsuntsu
Tean ƙaramin ƙarami shine ƙaramin tsuntsu wanda tsawonsa ya bambanta da cm 34 zuwa 41. wingsan fuka-fukin dutsen yana da cm 64-68. Girman mutum ɗaya shine 300-480 g.
Drakes ya bambanta da tsuntsayen wata irin ta gaban alamun alamun waje:
- fararen fari sama da idanun
- kan tsuntsu ya yi launin ruwan kasa
- launin toka idanun zaitun da farin gashin tsuntsaye,
- sternum da wuya suna launin ruwan kasa mai launi tare da fararen fari fari.
Maza suna da sifofi guda ɗaya na halayen - fiɗa bakinsu a fuka-fukan. A cikin wannan sun bambanta da mace, amma a lokacin rani wannan cutar ba ta ɓata, saboda zane yana canza launi duk shekara yayin molting.
Mace, ba kamar maza ba, suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da fitowar shuɗi. Madubi a cikin ducks, kamar a cikin drakes, ana fentin cikin launi mai duhu, amma yafi birgima.
Bayyanarce da sifofin jiki
Nauyin mutum ya kai gram 200-450, sun kai tsawon 35 cm. Suna da fikafikan fuka-fukan, wanda ke taimaka musu su yi abin zamba - zai cire shi daga inda yake, kuma a hankali. Tsuntsaye suna tashi da sauri, saurinsa ya kai kilomita 80-90 / h kuma yana iya sauƙaƙa shi.
Mata da maza suna da alaƙa da kamanni. Ta hanyar nauyi, mace tayi dan kadan fiye da maza, fuka-fukai ba tare da bata lokaci ba a cikin kananan furfura, farin wuya. Wannan yana ba ku damar lura da lokacin da ake ƙyamar zuriya. An bambanta maza ta tsinkar madubi a fuka-fukan da baki baki. Amma a lokacin tsararraki suna da wani yanayi daban. A gashin fuka-fuki launin ruwan kasa a cikin wani karamin dan iska mai ratsin furanni mai duhu mai duhu akan fuka-fukai, wuyansa da kai suna da launin shuɗi-baki, kirji ya zama ruwan hoda, ya zama farin fuka-fukai a ciki. Daga nan sai molting ya faru, kuma suka sake zama abin girmamawa, kamar sahabban su. Mata suna da launi ɗaya a duk shekara.
Iri Teal
Babu wasu kyawawan dalilai na rarrabe teals a cikin wata ta dabam, tunda ba su da bambanci sosai da mallards, sai dai ƙarami. A wannan batun, ana kiran su ducks kogi. Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan wake 20 aka ƙidaya, waɗanda suka banbanta da launuka na gashin fuka-fukai, wuraren daidaitawa, murya:
- Madagascar
- Girgiza,
- launin ruwan kasa
- shuɗi
- launin ruwan kasa
- kirjin,
- marmara da wasu ƙarin nau'ikan.
A cikin ƙasarmu, nau'ikan 4 sun zama ruwan dare: whistler, crackler, rugile and marble teal. Yawan mutane na ƙarshe extremelyan kadan ne, saboda haka an jera su a cikin littafin Red, kuma an ba da izinin farauta kawai ga mai zartarwa. Tsarin rayuwa yana da tsawo, akwai yanayin kubuta daga ƙwayar cutar har zuwa shekaru 21 da haihuwa.
Tsuntsu mai kuka da ƙarfi. Bayani, fasali, nau'in halitta, salon rayuwa da mazaunin teal
A yanayi, akwai da yawa iri-iri na tsuntsaye waɗanda ke jin yarda, a ruwa da ƙasa. Yawancinsu nau'ikan suna da alaƙa ne, amma suna da halaye na musamman cikin bayyanar, salon rayuwa, al'adu da mazauninsu.
Don haka daga ƙungiyar ducks, ƙaramin kuma mafi ban mamaki tsuntsu ne mai hayaniya. Wannan labarin zaiyi bayani dalla-dalla yadda wannan tsuntsu ta bambanta da dangin ta da kuma inda za'a samo ta. Hakanan za'a iya samarwa teel yi fito a cikin hoto, a duk ɗaukakar ta.
Bayanin da fasali
Teal Whistle shine mafi ƙanƙanta, ruwa mai ruwa na dangin duck. Duck ya samo sunan ne saboda buga shika. Muryarsu a bayyane take kuma tana sonta, ana iya rarrabewa da sauti irin na yaudare-tirrrick. Amma yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa maza ne kaɗai ke da wannan halin.
Mace sun fi yawaita rawar gani, a hankali suna rage girman sautin da aka yi. Kodayake muryar wani karar hawaye sosai m, yana da wuya a ga wannan tsuntsu. Idan aka kwatanta su da danginsu, waɗannan ducks ɗin suna da ƙarami da bayyanuwa mara ma'ana.
Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na duck kogin shine fuka-fuki. Suna da kunkuntar kuma suna nunawa. Tsawonsu ya kai cm 38, kuma tsawonta yakai cm 58-64. Saboda wannan, ɗaukar tsuntsaye kusan a tsaye suke, kuma jirgin yayi saurin yin shiru. Amma ga girman da launi, sun dogara da jinsi na ducks.
Thewararren balagaggen drake ya bambanta tsakanin 250-450 gr. A lokacin tarawa, maza suna da kai mai launi mai launin fari tare da tsiri mai tsayi. Yana farawa daga farkon ido kuma yana ƙare akan kirji. Wurin ya zama duhu kore a tsari, yayi kama da digo. Tare da gefensa akwai rawaya fari-fari da ƙananan baƙaƙe.
- kirji - launin toka mai haske, tare da dige mai launin shuɗi,
- ciki fari
- kafada kafada da tarnaƙi - smoky, tare da fasalin wavy m,
- partangare na wutsiya baƙar fata, tare da manyan ruwan rawaya,
- fuka-fukan suna da sauti iri biyu, suna da launin baki-baƙar fata a waje, kore a ciki tare da launin shuɗi mai duhu.
A lokacin rani da damina, launin drake ya zama iri ɗaya da na mace. Ana iya rarrabe shi ta hanyar tsarin fikafikan fuka-fuki da baki baki.
Mace Mai Girma dan kadan kadan fiye da namiji. Yawan jikinta shine - 200-400 gr. Koyaya, ba kamar drake ba, ba ta canza launinta a shekara. Shugaban duck yana launin toka mai launin shuɗi tare da launin toka mai ruwan hoda. Cheeks da makogwaro fararen fata ne.
- da baya - duhu launin ruwan hoda,
- ciki ya fi kyau,
- banƙan kafaɗa, tarnaƙi, da ƙamushin launin ruwan kasa masu launin ruwan kasa tare da iyakokin launin ruwan kasa.
Madubin mace launi iri daya ne kamar na namiji. Koyaya, a gaba da bayansa an gyara shi da farin belts.
Teck Whistle Duck yana nufin nau'in tebur ɗaya. A cikinsu akwai 20. Tsakanin kansu, sun bambanta da kewayonsu, bugunsu, nauyi, da murya. Daga cikinsu, wadanda aka fi yin nazari su ne:
Duk waɗannan jinsunan suna ɗaukar suna wanda ya dace da kamanninsu da mazauninsu. A cikin Rasha, ban da sautin kukan, ana yawan kiran teal a matsayin mai fashewa. Kuna iya bambance waɗannan tsuntsayen a tsakanin su ta hanyar waɗannan alamun:
- Cracker ya fi girma da sautin. Yawan nauyinta yakai kimanin gram 500.
- Masu fasa kwalliya suna da babban bera launin ruwan kasa, tare da tushe mai launin shuɗi.
- A mahaukacin da ke saman kai babban faren fari ne wanda yake gudana a saman ido.
- Bugu da kari, sun banbanta da muryoyinsu. Masu fasa fashewa suna yin sauti da daɗin tunawa da “mai-crerrer”.
Hakanan akwai fasalin halayyar da ke haɗu da duk teals. Suna da sauri sosai, suna jin kunya da kulawa. Amma duk da wannan, tsuntsayen suna gab da hallakarwa. Dalilan da suka lalace shine satar dabbobi, canjin yanayi, gurbatar muhalli da kuma lalata itatuwa.
Matukar san sani! Saboda yawan jama'a, farauta a kan yankin na Tarayyar Rasha an yarda kawai ga teal-whistlers. Ya kamata a kashe duk wani mai harbi da rashawa.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Alungiyar haɓakar ƙwayar cuta ce, don haka ba su da karancin abinci. Abincin rani na ducks shine:
- kwari da larvae,
- kananan crustaceans
- mollus
- tadpoles
- tsutsotsi.
Tare da isowar sanyi mai kara yana zuwa abincin ganyayyaki. A cikin abinci mai gina jiki, ya fi son tsire-tsire masu ruwa, ya ci tushen, ganye da tsaba. Tsuntsayen suna ciyar da ruwa sosai a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, a waɗancan wuraren da suke iya tara abinci daga gashin ƙasa.
Sau da yawa a wannan lokacin, ducks ɗin ba sa iyo, amma suna tafiya akan kwararar ƙasa. A wurare masu zurfi, teals ba su nutse don samun abinci ba. Don yin wannan, suna nutsar da kawunansu da gemu a cikin ruwa, kuma wutsiya da ƙafafunsu suna tashi sama saman saman tafki.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Muhimmin fasalin nau'in wolfles daga wasu ducks shine cewa sun isa spring a hade nau'i biyu. Bugu da kari, suna da takamaiman tsarin kiwo. Ana yin wasannin tsintsayen tsuntsaye a kan tafkuna. Bayan ya guga kansa a gaban jikin mutum ya kuma saki gemun sa cikin ruwa, sai mahaukacin ya zagaye jikin mace.
Sannan ya ɗaga kansa sama da faɗaɗa fikafikansa. A wannan gaba, saukad da ruwa ya hau sama. An maimaita rawar rawar drake. Matar kuma tana da hannu a cikin tsarin ladabtarwa. Kasancewa kusa da tarar, ta kwaikwayi yaƙi da abokan gaba, ta ɓoye su da gemunsa a kafaɗa.
Bayan mating, ducks nan da nan fara gina gida. Sun zabi wani wuri domin kwanciya qwai a cikin ciyayi mai yawa ko a karkashin shukokin da ke girma tare da tafki. Mace na tsunduma cikin aikin ginin gida. Don gina tsari, da farko ta tono ƙaramin rami a cikin ƙasa.
Daga nan sai ya cika sakamakon zurfafa da ciyawa mai bushe, don haka ya dauke shi. Tare da kewaye da duka mazaunin, duck ya faɗi ƙasa. Kwakwalwar da ke ƙasa tana aiki a matsayin dumama ga ƙwai, zai kiyaye kajin lokacin da aka yaye macen.
Drake ba ya shiga cikin aikin gina gida. Koyaya, koyaushe yana kusa da tukunyar don ya gargaɗe ta game da haɗari. A wannan lokacin, lokacin da mace ta fara sanya kwai, sai ya barta.
A matsakaici, mai duck yana sanya ƙwai 8-10. Wasu mutane sun sami damar ɗaukar kusan 15. Irin wannan takaddar ana daukar ɗayan abubuwan da ke haifar da ɗimbin yawan ƙwayar cuta da yalwar su. Qwai na duck ƙanƙane a cikin girma, launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi a launi, mai daɗaɗɗen elongated. Girman su shine - 5 milimita.
Ana haifar da kaji a lokaci guda, bayan kwana 24-30, bayan masonry. An rufe ducklings masu launin shuɗi tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Nan da nan bayan haihuwar, kajin suna hawa karkashin saman dutsen. A nan za su bushe gaba ɗaya kuma suna kawar da sikelin ƙwai.
Halin halayyar ofan murhun ɗana a baki shine cewa sun sami 'yanci daga kwanakin farko na rayuwa. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i bayan haihuwa, kajin sami damar barin gida gida. A wannan ranar, suna koyon ƙwarewar iyo, ruwa da samun abincin kansu.
Teal whistles an dauke su a cikin tsufa. Idan ba su mutu daga cututtukan ba kuma ba su zama masu cin zarafin masu farauta ko masu farauta ba, shekarunsu ya kai shekaru 15 ko fiye. Tare da kiwo gida, rayuwar tsuntsaye na iya ƙaruwa har zuwa shekaru 30.
Yaro Mai Girma
An sayi naman ɗanɗano saboda babban laushi da ƙoshin lafiya saboda taushi. Sabili da haka, galibi suna zama batun albarkatun farauta na musamman. Don hana ragewa farauta-teal farauta an yarda kawai daga watan Agusta. Gaskiyar ita ce, a wannan lokacin yana da matukar wahala a sami wani gungu na ducks.
Mafarauta suna amfani da dabbobi cike da kaya don jan hankalin wasa. An kafa ainihin takaddun tsuntsayen a cikin lokacin da yake kusa da ruwa. A lokaci guda, dabbobi masu cushe yakamata suyi ƙaramin rukuni, wanda tsuntsayen zasu iya shiga.
Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman koto kayan ado a kan teal wasikar. Bayan sun jiyo muryar dangi, ducks sun tashi zuwa garken da ke kwaikwayon su zauna. Tunda wadannan tsuntsayen basu da kunya, mafarauci bai kamata ya ɓoye a cikin daji ba. Yayin halartar wasan, zai iya zama lafiya cikin wani jirgin ruwa da ke kusa da yankin dunbin.
Ana shawarar ducks ducks a cikin wuri ko kuma a zaune. A lokaci guda, yayin harbi, fuska da alfijir ya kamata ya kasance fuskantar fitowar rana, kuma lokacin faɗuwar rana zuwa faɗuwar rana.
Idan akwai fashewa ko kuskure, mafarauci kada ya harbi tsuntsun da yake so. Gaskiyar ita ce ɗaukar ta tana walƙiya cikin sauri da sauri, don haka zai zama da wahala a shiga ta. Zai fi kyau a jira duck ɗin yayi da'irori da yawa a cikin iska ya zauna a hankali har zuwa tsoratarwar.
Bayanan Gaske
Daga cikin dukkanin kungiyar duck-whistles an dauke su mafi yawan tsuntsayen marasa kulawa. Sukan nemi abincinsu da ruwa a kan ruwa da kan tudu. A wannan yanayin, ducks suna da lahani yayin tashin sama.
Koyaya, galibi suna zama ganima. Kuma duk saboda ba su san yadda za su sake kame kansu da kyau ba, su ɓoye da gudu a kan ƙasa. Daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki game da damun warin baki, masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun bambanta:
- Duk da saurin ɗaukar nauyi, ducks sun tashi da nutsuwa.
- Zai yuwu a bambance namiji daga mace kawai a lokacin tsinkaye, sauran lokacin suna da yanayin iri ɗaya.
- An bayyana yawancin adadin masu maye a cikin gaskiyar cewa gano su a cikin yanayi abu ne mai wahala.
- Yayinda suke girma, kajin sun rasa ikon yin nutse.
- Duk da cewa lokacin da yake kwanciya qwai, drake ya kasance kusa da dabbar, ya fi son rayuwar rayuwar farko.
Moreaya daga cikin mafi peculiarity shine muhimmi a cikin ducks dual. Sau da yawa sau dayawa, mata da maza ke sanya hibernate daban da juna. Yawancin drakes a cikin yanayin sanyi kasance a cikin latitude arewacin, kuma ducks suna zuwa kudu.
A cikin ƙarni da suka gabata, mutane sunyi amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da ƙarfi da farauta, tare da ra'ayi game da sha'awar wasanni a cikin ruwa. Wannan ya cutar da yawan jama'ar. Dangane da wannan, SOPR yayi kira ga 'yan asalin Rasha da su daina ayyukan kamun kifi akan tsuntsaye kuma su lalata mazauninsu.
Teal Whistler
Mafi ƙanƙannu su ne ters whistles. Namiji yana ɗaukar nauyin kilogram 450, nauyin mace ba shi da ƙasa. Tsawon jikin yana kan matsakaitan santimita 3.5. Godiya ga fuka-fukan da aka nuna a iyakar, tebur na iya cire kai tsaye daga ruwa, yayin da suke motsi a hankali. Suna zaune a cikin maɓuɓɓugan laima.
Bayyanar maza da mata ba su da yawa sosai: gashin fuka-fuka-fukin launin fata tare da ɗan ciki mai haske. Amma a lokacin tarawar, teal yana jin daɗin canza launi. Ya zama ya bambanta, shugaban yana samun launin haske mai duhu mai launi biyu tare da rabe-raben kore mai launin kore biyu wanda farin iyaka ya bayyana. Don jawo hankalin duck ɗin, sai ya fara zage-zage da ihu. A karshen kakar wasa, duhun yayi yawo yana komawa tsohuwar launi. Mata koyaushe suna da launi biyu na gashin tsuntsu.
Klokotun
Teal Klokotun (klokotunok) ya yadu a Siberia da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya. Bayyanar namiji yayin saduwa tana da kyau kwarai da gaske. A gefansu suna da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, da kan kirji - ruwan hoda, kamar dai sanya baƙar fata tare da rawanin zinari a tarnaƙi. A cikin kwanciyar hankali, mace tana da sauƙin rarrabewa da maza. Ducks masu launin toka-mai launin toka suna da irin waɗannan halaye:
- baƙar fata da fararen duri biyu kewaye da idanu,
- farin aibobi a farkon farawar beki.
Maza suna da yawan magana, ana iya jin su ko'ina: duka ruwa da kan jirgin sama. Sau da yawa motsi hijira ne faruwa a kan filayen tare da shinkafa girma, wanda suke son mai yawa. Don adana albarkatu, mutane suna lalata masussuka ko saita raga, ta haka ke rage adadin wannan nau'in.
Marmara teal
Yawan nau'in halittar sunada kadan sosai da wuya a same shi a cikin daji. A baya can, ya zauna a kan ƙananan layukan keɓaɓɓun layukan Caspian da a cikin rafin kogin. Volga. A karo na ƙarshe da aka gan shi a 1984, ra'ayin ya ɓace a hankali.
Teaƙƙarfan tebur shine 400-600 gram, launin gashin fuka-fukan launin toka-mai launin ruwan hoda da fararen fata. Bayyanar maza da mata kusan iri ɗaya ce. Babban bambanci daga wasu nau'ikan teals shine ikon zama akan rassan bishiyoyi kuma nutsewa cikin ruwa.
Habitat
Yara sun zauna a cikin ƙasarmu da ƙasashen CIS, ban da yankuna na arewacin. Babban yanayin aikin ginin shine kasancewar kananan rami mai ɗumbin ruwa tare da tsayayyen ruwa, cike yake da ciyawar. Irin waɗannan wurare suna cike da nau'ikan abinci iri: kwari, tsirrai, mollusks. Suna nan a cikin ciyayi kusa da bakin tekun. Galibi ana samun matsugunnin tebura nesa da tabkuna, tunda a lokacin bazara, matakin ruwa a tafkin yana raguwa, kuma a sakamakon haka, an cire mazauninsu daga ruwan.
Daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba, doguwar ƙaura don hunturu zata fara. Yawancin lokaci maza da mata hunturu daban. Ducks je kudanci kudu, da maza - zuwa arewa.
Abincin
Yara kanana kan ciyar da duk wani abu mai tsiro da ke rayuwa a cikin tafkin. Abincin ya hada da:
- mollusks, kananan crustaceans,
- kwari da larvae,
- tsutsotsi
- tsirrai cikin ruwa da kan tudu (kusa da ruwa), ƙwayayensu, asalinsu.
Don samun abinci, suna nutsewa cikin ruwa, suna barin wutsiya mai ƙwaya biyu a saman. Teko na wuce ruwa ta cikin baki, yana fitar da wasu abubuwan buƙatun don abinci mai gina jiki. Suna kuma tara abinci daga ƙasa.
Matsakaicin yankin
An rarraba shi a arewacin Eurasia yamma da tsibirin Burtaniya da Faransa. A arewa, ya kai a wasu wurare tsibirin Arctic, amma ba ya cikin Yamal arewa na 69 ° C. N, a Yenisei arewa na 71 ° N. N, a cikin kwarin Kolyma arewa da 69 ° N. w. Yawancin mutanen yamma suna cikin Iceland, tsibirin Faroe da Corsica, mafi gabashin - a tsibirin Aleutian gabas zuwa Akutan, tsibirin Pribylov, Kwamandan, tsibirin Kuril, Sakhalin, Hokkaido da arewacin Honshu. A kudu na kewayon, yana da nishaɗi a Asiya oraramar, Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan zuwa kudu zuwa Uralsk, Atbasar, Altai ta kudu maso yamma da Zaysan Basin, arewacin Mongolia, matsanancin arewa-gabas na Manchuria da Primorye.
Zaman hunturu
A cikin yanayin dumin yanayin dumi na Yammacin da Kudancin Turai, kiwo da jigogin hunturu suna tazara. Misali, a Burtaniya da Ireland kawai wani sashi ne na kukan tsuntsaye, duk da haka, a cikin lokacin sanyi, yawancin duwatsun da ke tashi daga Iceland suna biye da shi. Tean hawan daga Scandinavia, Finland, jihohin Baltic, arewa maso yamma na Rasha, arewacin Poland, Jamus da Denmark suma suna ƙaura zuwa arewa maso yamma na Turai. Sauran rabin mutanen da aka zaftare an rubuta su cikin Netherlands, Faransa, Caucasus, yammacin Minaramar ,an tsira, gefen tekun Black Sea, har ma a kudu Iceland kusa da tsibirin Vestmannaeyjar). Adadin tsuntsayen hunturu a cikin waɗannan yankuna sun bambanta: a cikin masu tsananin sanyi, yana ƙaruwa, amma a cikin masu ruwan sanyi, akasin haka, yana raguwa.
An samo manyan kuli-kuli na huhunn hunturu a cikin Bahar Rum, ciki har da ko'ina cikin Yankin Iberian (ducks hunturu a Yammacin Rum daga Yammacin Turai, Yankin Rasha da Yammacin Siberiya, a gabas daga Ukraine, tsakiyar Rasha da Trans-Urals), a arewa maso yamma. Afirka ta kudu zuwa Mauritania, Japan da Taiwan, da kuma Asiya ta kudu. Sauran wurare masu muhimmanci lokacin hunturu sune kwari kogin Nilu, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Gulf Gulf, yankuna masu tsaunuka na arewacin Iran, Koriya ta kudu, da kuma kasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya. An lura da wuraren da ke keɓewa a bakin tafkin Victoria, a cikin ƙofar Kogin Senegal, a cikin yanki mai lalacewa a saman iyakar Kogin Kongo, cikin kwari da kuma rafin Kogin Neja, cikin Indus Delta. An yi jigilar fasinjojin jirgin sama a cikin Zaire, Malesiya, Greenland, tsibirin Mariana, Palau da tsibirin Yap. Kari akan haka, ana lura da kwari da yawa a cikin Arewacin Amurka tare da iyakar California da South Carolina.
Haraji
Istlearfe ƙwaya tana cikin rukunin abin da ake kira "ainihin teal" - ƙananan ducks na kogi kusa da ɓarna da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa, ƙarshen, a bayyane, an haɓaka su daga wannan rukuni. Tare tare da kore-reshe mai launin shuɗi-mai-ruwan ƙwaya, yana samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsin. Bayan banda nominative, yana iya ƙirƙirar wani tallafin A. c. nimia, wanda aka saba a tsibirin Aleutian, yana da ɗan girma kaɗan.
Wasu marubutan suna ganin -an amurka masu launin kore a matsayin ɗan rami mai ƙarfi, yayin da Consungiyar Kula da Duniya da BirdLife International ke raba waɗannan nau'in. Societyungiyar Jama'a ta Ornithologists har yanzu ba ta yanke shawara ta ƙarshe kan wannan batun ba.
Teal Whistle ne aka fara bayyana shi a kimiyance ta masanin kimiyar Sweden kuma masanin halitta Karl Linnaeus a 1758 a bugu na goma na Tsarinsa. A cikin wannan aikin, Linnaeus ya fassara shi da "duck tare da madubi kore da fren fararen da ke saman da ƙasa," kuma ambatar farkon wannan nau'in ana iya samo shi a cikin aikinsa na baya "Fauna na Sweden"Fauna svecica) Duba suna crecca Hakanan kwaikwayon onomatopoeic ne na kukan namiji, ana samun sunan iri daya ga tsuntsu a cikin yaren Turai da yawa - Yaren mutanen Sweden (“kricka”), Bokmål (“krikkand”), Danish (“krikand”) da Jamusanci (“krickente”). Sunan Rasha yi kururuwa Har ila yau, yana nufin da ikon da Drake to halayyar yi fito.
Ina wannan tsuntsu yake zaune?
Wani matattarar fasa bututun mai yana girke girke-girkensa a yanayin canjin yanayi, galibi a gabashin Turai da Kudancin Siberiya. Ana samun yawancin nau'in wannan gandun daji-steppe, steppe ko kuma a cikin yanki na gandun daji gauraye.
A cikin hunturu, wannan tsuntsu ya bar wurin da yake a al'ada ya kuma tafi kudu. Wannan na faruwa a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko Satumba. Ana iya samunsa a yankin Afirka a kudanci Sahara.
Wannan tsuntsu yana zaune kusa da wuraren ajiyar ajiya, bankunan da ke da wadatar ciyayi. Ana iya samun duck sau da yawa akan karamin kandami, amma da wuya a kwarin babban kogi. Wani ɓoyayyen ɓarawon da yake kusa da jikkunan ruwa.
Wasu lokuta akwai lokuta idan wannan tsuntsun ya zaɓi wurin zama kusa da ruwa. Ducks na wannan nau'in yana guje wa tsaftataccen gandun daji da wuraren tsaunuka.
Bukukuwan aure
A lokacin matse, maza suna ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin mata da dukkan ƙarfinsu. Sukan yi yawo a kan mata na dogon lokaci, suna nuna kyawawan launuka, fikafikan fuka-fukai, sautin muryoyi masu ɗaga murya. Saboda wannan, duck ɗin ya kwantar da hankalinsa. Yawancin lokaci teals suna tashi sama don tashi a kan abin da suka zaɓa, saboda haka yana jan hankalin mata ba wai kawai ba, har ma da mafarauta.
Fasali na tsuntsaye iri iri
Yara ducks sun isa lokacin balaga kusan a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, amma sashensu mara ƙima yana wanzuwa lokacin hunturu kuma baya tashi izuwa farawa.
Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da yawan aure. Yawancin ma'aurata suna ƙaddara a cikin fall kafin tashi zuwa kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi. Tsuntsaye suna zuwa gida gida-kungiya. Wannan yana faruwa a cikin Maris a Yammacin Turai da Mayu a gabas da arewa.
Teal cushe don farauta
Ana nuna wannan nau'in kasancewar wasannin wasannin tsalle-tsalle, wanda ke nuna ayyukan da ke tafe:
- Drake yana iyo a bayan mace, gashinta ya zame, tafin gemunsa ta faɗi,
- wuyan namiji ya tsawaita, ya girgiza shi, har ma da jefa kansa baya ko kuma ya daga kai sama,
- duk ayyukan da aka zazzage sun haɗa da sabon abu wanda ya yi kama da tarko,
- hakanan, namiji zai iya jefa kansa gefe daya, yayin da yake daga fikafikan,
- yayin fashewa, drake ya hau saman ruwa da sauri yana buɗe fikafikan sa,
- Namijin, yana iyo a kusa da dutsen, sai ya juya kai zuwa gefenta, wanda yake da launi mai haske,
- mace, kamar drake, ta girgiza kanta, quack. Furewa a gaban namiji, tana iya tsabtace fuka-fukan daga baya.
Nau'in Yammaci
Masu kallon Bird duck dunkulalliyar huda sanya wa kogi, kamar mallard. Jarumin labarin shine ɗayan nau'in halittar zuriya. Ya hada da teal. Akwai 20. Tare da saurin ci gaba, akwai wasu nau'ikan da suke kan gab da ƙarewa, misali, marmara.
Wasarshen bugun ɗin nan an ƙara ganinsa a 1984. Wata kila jinsunan sun mutu kamar duck, gogol. Ka tuna da furcin: - "Tafi tsirara"? Don haka a karni na 21, gogol a duniya zai tafi ne kawai a zahiri. Tsuntsayen da ke da suna mai saurin motsa jiki sun kasance.
Hoto kwatancen marmara ne
Hakanan akwai launin shuɗi, launin toka, Madagascar, Auckland, launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa, Campbell da ƙwaya mai ƙuna. Ga kowane ɗayansu akwai wani madadin suna. Wannan yana kawo wasu rudani a cikin hankalin jama'a. Whaƙwalwa, ta hanyar, har ila yau yana da ƙarin sunaye: ƙarami, jima'i, cracker.
A tsakanin cinikin, da farauta an fi son da mafarauta har ma da kamfanoni na taro tsuntsaye kama. A Turai, alal misali, an fitar da jarumin labarin akan ma'aunin masana'antu. Daga cikin 100% nama da aka haƙa, 70% sun dace don siyarwa. Irin waɗannan alamun zasu iya yin “fariya” ragon tsuntsaye.
Nama da yashafi shine abincin da ake ci, mai sauƙin shirya, yana da kyakkyawan dandano da haɗarin bitamin-ma'adinin.
Daidaiku, mafarautan sun kafa kayan ado a kan teal wasikar. Preari daidai, sun sa duffen cushe mai kwalliya. Mankom, duk da haka, yana haifar da haruffan sifofin sauti. Tsuntsaye na hakika suna tashi a kansu. Ya rage a harbe su daga maharan.
Daban-daban na Teal
Anatomically, tsuntsu mai kira yayi kama da mallard. Bambanci tsakanin su shine girman jiki. Masana kimiyyar kere-kere ba sa rarrabe wannan tsuntsun a matsayin tsararren halittar. Saboda haka, a hukumance teals yana nufin ducks kogin.
Kimiyya sani game da iri 20 na teal. Sun bambanta da launin fuka-fukai, yanayin hali, murya da mazauninsu.
Mafi na kowa iri:
- kirjin
- Madagascar
- launin ruwan kasa
- shuɗi
- shuɗi-reshe
- launin toka
- launin ruwan kasa
- Kasar Auckland
- kloktun,
- marmara da sauransu.
A cikin ƙasar ƙasarmu akwai nau'ikan waɗannan nau'ikan waɗannan tsuntsayen masu sha'awar zuwa gourmets da mafarauta suna tattara kofuna. Saboda wannan, an jera maballin marmara a cikin Littafin Ruwa, kuma ana daukar kloktun a matsayin jinsin masu rauni. An yarda farauta a Rasha kawai don masu baƙi, waɗanda ba a fuskantar barazanar lalata su ba.
Babban bayanin nau'ikan jinsin
Girman duck na mutum shine gram 400. Drake ya auna gram 100. Kusan dukkan jikin ducks an rufe shi da gashin fuka-fuki, launin toka da launin fata. Ta hanyar jinsi, ana bambanta mace mai ƙarfi ta launi mai haske da kasancewar gashin fuka-fukai masu launi dabam a kan kai. A yayin molting, drakes yayi daidai da ducks.
Ana rarrabe mai murfin ɗiga ta hanyar madaurin haske mai launin kore, wanda yake a yankin ido.
A cikin ɓarke ɓarke, wannan tsinin launin fari fararen fata.
Plarfin murfin marmara yana ƙunshe da inuwa daga fari zuwa launin toka mai duhu. Suna canzawa gwargwadon sikeli. Wannan “camouflage” yana baiwa tsuntsu damar zama marar-ganuwa a cikin manyan wuraren tafkuna.
Wani fasali ne na tsuntsu: don gudu, baya bukatar gudu. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar sifa mai faffadar fuka-fuki. Don haka, duck ɗin, ba zai haifar da hayaniya ba kuma yana yin hakan a kan babbar hanyar.
Duck dual shine tsuntsu mai narkewa, agile. Duk da girmanta da kuma matsakaicin sa, amma ba shine mafi sauƙin manufa ba ga tsuntsaye masu farauta. Abu ne mai wahala ka riske ta a guje don jin yadda ta hau kan ruwa.
Ta yaya waɗannan tsuntsaye suke?
Tsuntsaye suna yin sheƙansu a maɓoɓar ruwan kogin da yake kusa da ruwa, galibi a ƙarƙashin bushes ko a cikin maɓallin mara nauyi. A wasu halaye, ana iya samun su a cikin ciyara na bude nesa nesa da 100-150 m daga tafki.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa gida yana kusa da ruwa, koyaushe yana kan kangin bushe na ƙasa. Alwanƙwasa ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin yanayin matakan nunin kusa da ƙananan koguna ko tafkuna. Wani lokacin ma wannan yana faruwa a kusa da ƙauyuka.
Wannan duck ɗin yana yin cikakkiyar isasshen gida, wanda shine hutu a ƙasa. Tsuntsu ya haƙa rami a kansa tare da baki. Gida yana da layi tare da bushe ciyawa da Fluff, wanda yake riƙe da zafi yayin ɓoɓin tsuntsun da ya girma.
A cikin gida ɗaya, matsakaici na ƙwai 7-12 suna zaune. Suna da siffar mai ado da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da turaren zaitun. Girman kwai ɗaya yana kan matsakaicin 45 mm x 32 mm, nauyin kuma shine 26-27 g.
A duck na wannan irin zaune a cikin gida domin game 22-24 days. A wannan lokacin, zaku iya kusantar ta har ma ku taɓa ta. Namiji yayin duk lokacin kwanciya da daysan kwanaki bayan wannan ba ta da nisa daga mazaunin, bayan haka sai ya tafi don yin walda na lokacinta.
Ana haihuwar Ducklings a ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni. Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, nauyin kajin shine 20-22 g, kuma har ya zuwa shekaru 22 sun riga sun yi awo 240-250. Ducklings da sauri suna barin gida. Sun fara tashi da shekaru 38-40.
Yankan tsuntsayen lokaci-lokaci
Alwararrun hatsi na fashewa sau biyu a shekara - a lokacin bazara bayan lokacin da aka gama lalacewa da kuma faduwar gaba kafin tashi zuwa lokacin tsananin zafi. Cikakken canji na kayan maye ya fara a watan Yuni kuma yana iya wucewa har watan Agusta. A wannan lokacin, rushewar jikin da kai ya fara canzawa. Sannan kuma ta sa wutsiya da fikafikai.
A wannan lokacin, kwastomomi suna tattarawa cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi na mutane 7-9 kuma ana ajiye su cikin maɗaukaki mai nauyi. A farkon lokacin karkatar maza, maza ke tashi a kai a kai zuwa wuraren waha, inda suke ciyar da abincin dabbobi.
Lokaci na gaba na drakes na faruwa ba a farkon Oktoba ba. A cikin tsuntsayen, hujin ciki yana canzawa akan jiki da kai. Wannan tsari yana jinkirta har zuwa watan Fabrairu, kuma a wasu yanayi har zuwa Maris.
A cikin mace, ana iya yin amfani da yanayin biyu na yin zina. Mafi sau da yawa, plumage yana canzawa daga Agusta zuwa farkon hunturu. A cikin bazara, ƙananan fluff, wanda aka yi nufi ga gida, galibi mafi yawa a baya. Idan duck bashi da tsintsiya, to zoben yana faruwa a daidai lokacin da aka fitar dashi.
Abincin Bird
Cracking teal, yafi ciyar da abinci mai zuwa:
- mollus
- kwari iri daban-daban, su larvae - sauro, kwari, kwari, caddis kwari, tsefe
- leas, tsutsotsi, soya, ƙananan crustaceans,
- sassan tsirrai - mollusk, hornwort, wallisneria,
- tsaba of rezuki, highlander, brambleweed, sedge.
Ciyarwar dabbobi ta cika babban kashi a cikin abincin tsuntsu (kusan kashi 26-27% na yawan abincin). Haka kuma, wadannan ducks sun fi son mollusks. 50% na abincin kaji yana kunshe da nau'ikan iri kuma 23-24% kawai na sassan shuka.
Farautar Bird
Ducks ducking sau da yawa sun zama abun farauta a mazauninsu. A wannan yanayin, babban hasara shine karamin nauyin tsuntsu. Duk da wannan, masu fasa kwastomomi suna biyan kuɗi mai yawa na yawan samarwa yayin farauta saboda yawan broods.
Hakanan, waɗannan duwatsun suna da daraja ga nama mai daɗi tare da mai mai ƙima. Kayan matsakaiciyar naman yana da nauyin kimanin 300 g, yana da nauyin nauyin nauyin 430-450. Wasu manoma suna ƙoƙari su mallaki tsuntsu. Yana yarda da ɗaurin kai har ma da ninka.
An halalta farautar tsuntsayen fatattaka. A cikin littafin Red, an sanya su matsayin ƙaramar haraji mai haɗari. Wannan yana nufin cewa waɗannan tsuntsayen basa fuskantar barazanar hallakawa. Kodayake a cikin 'yan shekarun nan yawan masu haɓaka sun ragu sosai.
Lokacin hako
A ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa, lokacin balagar ya fara faruwa. Kayan ibada don jawo hankalin abokin tarayya a cikin drake suna da wahala kuma sun daɗe fiye da sauran duwatsun daji. Abin lura ne cewa yayin yin nishadi, maniyyin mutum yakan bi diddigin wakilan shi kadai, har ma da sauran nau'ikan duck.
A kewaya duck ɗin, sai ya datse da'irori da yawa a kusa da ita, tare da nuna hoton madubi a jikin fikafikan. A lokaci guda, namiji yakan yi ta kuwwa da ƙarfi, ya yi murɗa da fikafikansu. Ana maimaita rawar a kai a kai. Idan duck ya nuna ni favorima, yana amsawa tare da juye juye, tare da tarar, ya tashi sama. Duk da cewa biyun suna zagaya cikin rawar da ta dace, biyu na duwatsun suna zama mai sauƙin cin abincin tsuntsaye masu farauta da mafarauta.
Yara, kamar yawancin ducks, suna da yawa ɗaya. Suna yin rayuwa har abada.
Zuriya
An gina katafar gidan tela a nesa da nisan mita 100-150 daga maɓallin ruwa mafi kusa. Yankunan ciyawa da ciyawa da ciyayi da ke bakin teku sun dace da wannan. A matsayin abu don gina tsuntsaye ta amfani da bushe ganye, ciyawa, twigs. An shimfiɗa ƙasa da gashinsu da gashin dabba.
Lutaya daga cikin kama ya ƙunshi ƙwai biyar zuwa goma sha shida. Wannan bambance bambancen yana faruwa ne saboda yawan jama'a da yawan jama'a a yankin. Yayinda mahaifiyar ke ƙyamar offspringya offspringanta, zubewa yana faruwa a cikin drake kuma a wannan lokacin an cire shi.
Ana haihuwar kaji daga 22nd zuwa ranar 30th. Wannan lokacin ya faɗi ne a Mayu-Yuli. Ya fi zafi a ƙasar zama, ya fi guntu da lokacin shiryawa. Chickks an kafa shi gabaɗaya, yana aiki da aiki ta jiki don rayuwa mai zaman kanta daga kwanakin farko. Uwar tana koyar da dabarun abinci da kuma iyo don jarirai.
Idan duckling bai fada cikin tarin magabatan ba kuma bai sha wahala daga cututtuka ba, a cikin daji zai rayu har zuwa shekaru 20. Yayin da aka kiyaye tsuntsu a gida, to yana da damar samun damar yin “bikin” bikin cika shekaru 30 da haihuwa.
Mishi
Su kaɗai ke zaune a masar tsawon kwanaki 21 zuwa 24. Qwai ya bambanta da launi: suna fari da cream, inuwar zaitun da ocher. A siffar, su ma sun bambanta dan kadan a nau'ikan nau'ikan teals, alal misali, a cikin kifin kifin suna da siffar elongated, kuma a cikin whistlers suna da mafi girman zagaye. Bayan haihuwar kananan teals, nan da nan suka koya yin iyo da mahaifiyar su. Murfin gashin tsuntsu yana jujjuyawa bayan cikar brood ya tashi akan reshe.
Kayan kaji
'Ya'yan' ya'yan suna bayyana ne a lokacin bazara, a yankuna na kudanci a ƙarshen bazara da farkon lokacin bazara, a cikin arewaci na arewan a tsakiyar bazara. Matar na kula da su har tsawon watanni biyu, har sai sun fara tsayawa a kan reshe. Bodyan ƙaramin jikin yaran an lulluɓe da dunƙule, daga ƙasa launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi, daga sama kuma launin shuɗi ne. Suna da kuzari sosai, suna iya neman abinci wa kansu, sun nutse sosai, kuma suna iya motsawa akan ruwa da kasa.
Tun da ya kai wata daya, sai girma ya fara zama mai karko. A hankali, suna koyon tashi sama saman ruwa da nisan nesa. Bayan samun ƙwarewar, ƙwayoyin suna canza jujjuyawar yara zuwa fuka-fukan su fara samar da garken. Don haka suke yawo daga wuri zuwa wuri neman abinci. Saƙon haɗari, mace tana ba da sigina na musamman a cikin muryarta, wanda ke nufin cewa dabbar tana buƙatar ɓoyewa da sauri a cikin tsari.