Waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi suna zaune a Asiaan Asiya, a cikin Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus da Dutsen Balkan. Sun fi son gizon gandun daji, don lokacin rani sukan hau tsauni, inda mutane kima ke damunsu, idan kawai akwai wadatar abinci.

Tsayin Jikin 80 - 100cm, tsayi a withir kusan 70cm, nauyin dabba 30 - 50kg. Wutsiya takaice, 8cm ne kawai. Jiki yana da ƙarfi, ƙafafu suna siriri, ƙasa kaɗan, kai yana da ƙarami tare da gajima. Duk maza da mace suna da kaho, tsawonsu bai wuce 25cm ba. Kunnuwa suna da tsawo da nuna, idanu suna da girma. Launin hunturu ya bambanta da lokacin rani. A cikin hunturu, fata yana launin ruwan kasa, ciki farare ne (tsayin aski 10 cm), a lokacin rani baya yana launin ja-ja, ciki kuma mai launin shuɗi-orange (tsawon gashin gashi 3 cm). Tsakanin kansu, suna magana da sauti, suna birgima cikin haɗari. Chamois da tsalle-tsalle da motsawa kan kankara da tsaunuka, suna da sauri, balaguro da tashin hankali. A lokaci guda, basu manta game da taka tsantsan ba kuma koyaushe suna saurare da kyau. Mun lura cewa hangen nesa, jinsu da jin ƙanshi suna da haɓaka.

Suna zaune a cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi (mutane 10-30), waɗannan mata ne tare da ƙananan dabbobi har zuwa shekara biyu. Jagora mace ce mai gogewa, kowa yana yi mata biyayya. Yayinda kowa ke kiwo, ɗayan yana tsaye, wanda ke tabbatar da rayuwa da natsuwa. Maza manya sun gwammace da salon rayuwa, su shiga garken ne kawai a lokacin kakar. Suna ciyar da ganyayyaki da ciyawa, da harbe-harben bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi. A lokacin rani akwai abinci sosai fiye da lokacin hunturu. Lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta kewaye, zaku yi farin ciki da kowane abinci, suna cinya da ciyawar anda youngan kan tono moss da lilin, har ma da ciyawa. Abu ne mai wahalar rayuwa a cikin matsanancin hunturu, galibi dabbobi kan faɗa cikin ambaliya da yunwar, musamman matasa. Abokan gaba waɗanda suke son cin abinci da rayuwa duk shekara sun tsananta rayuwarsu: bears, lynxes, Wolves. Kamar yadda ka sani, mafi dacewa ya tsira.

Lokacin mating yana farawa a ƙarshen kaka. Girman kai ya katse na ɗan lokaci, kuma farawar maza domin mata ya fara. Amma ba duk abin da yake da sauƙi, don cimma yardar mace, har yanzu kuna buƙatar yin yaƙi tare da abokan gaba - wani namiji. Mai nasara yana zuwa ga duk mata manya na kungiyar. Ciki zai kasance tsawon hunturu da bazara (kwana 150 - 200). A watan Yuni, ana haihuwar sa ,an, ana iya samun 1 - 3. Bayan sun bushe kuma a ɗan ƙarfafa su, suna shan madarar uwa, suna bin ta. Yara suna ƙarƙashin kariya da tsaro, sannu a hankali sun fara tsalle da tsalle tsalle. Suna ciyar da madara nono tsawon watanni uku.

Bayyanar

A tsayin daka, waɗannan wakilan na bovids sun kai cm 70-80. Tsawon jikin mutum shine 107-135 cm weightarfin jiki a cikin maza ya kai kilo 30-60, a cikin mace yana da nauyin 25-45. Wutsiya takaice. Kusan a bayyane yake, kuma yana yiwuwa a yi shi kawai tare da motsin hanji. Dukansu mata da maza suna da gajeru ƙaho, suna jifa da baya. A cikin maza sun fi kauri. Guguwar gajarta ce, kunnuwa masu kaifi ne, kafafu suna da tsawo da siriri.

Launin fur ɗin ya bambanta a lokacin rani da damuna. A lokacin rani, tana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan hoda, yayin da kwanciyar hankali yake cikin sauki. A cikin hunturu, launin fur ɗin ya zama launin toka. Akwai alamomin bakar fata mai siffa kusa da idanu. Wani madauri mai duhu yana shimfiɗa tare da baya. A cikin kafafu fari ne. Shugaban yana da launin ruwan kasa mai haske.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Cutar ciki tana kwana 170. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana haihuwar akuya guda a watan Mayu ko farkon Yuli. Da wuya sau biyu, tagwaye, kuma wani lokacin sau ukun. Nauyin nauyin jariri shine kilogiram 2-3. Nan da nan ya fara bin mahaifiyarsa ko'ina. Ciyar da madara na tsawon watanni 6. Idan uwar ta mutu, to sauran matan suna kulawa da saniya.

Matasa maza suna zama tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa shekaru 2-3, sannan kuma ku haɗu cikin ƙananan rukuni. Suna zaune a cikinsu har tsawon shekaru 8, har sai sun girma, kuma kowannensu bai mamaye wani yanki ba. Balaga na jima'i a cikin mace yana faruwa ne yayin da yake shekaru 2.5, kuma a cikin maza masu shekaru 3.5 zuwa 4. A cikin daji, chamois yana rayuwa shekaru 15, a cikin bauta, rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 22.

Halayya da Abinci

Mata tare da matasa suna zaune a garkunan dabbobi, adadinsu shine 15-100 mutane. Mazan da suka manyanta suna jagorantar tsarin rayuwa kaɗai na shekara. A lokacin fitowar, wacce ke gudana daga karshen Nuwamba zuwa farkon Disamba, suna nuna hali da mugunta kuma suna yin yaƙin mata. Irin waɗannan gwagwarmaya na iya ƙare da mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin maza.

Abincin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri iri. A lokacin rani ne ciyawa ke girma a cikin ciyad masu tsayi, kuma a cikin huhun hunturu da allurai ana ci. Chamois ya huta a tsakiyar rana kuma zai iya yin aiki a daren da dare. Wadannan dabbobin suna halaka daga tsaunin dutse, annoba da mafarauta. Gudun daga bi, za su iya isa saurin kilomita 50 / h. Sun tsallaka mita 2 a tsayi, kuma tsayin tsalle shine mita 6. Babban abokan gaba sune Iyniyanci da kuma kyarkeci. Yawan wannan nau'in a cikin Turai shine mutum dubu 400.

Take

Chamois - daga Proto-Slavic * sьrna * ḱerh₂- “Kakakin”, wato, asali a zahiri “ƙage”. Koyaya, a cikin Pre-Slavic da Prabaltoslavian kalmar da ta dace ba ma'anar chamois ba, amma deer deer. Ma'anar "chamois" halaye ne kawai ga yaren Sla Sla East. Misali, bolg. syrna da lit. sautin wuta na nufin barewa. Kalmomi masu alaƙa - lat. cerva "deer" da saniya, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin aro daga wasu harshe na Celtic.

Kalmar Latin ta chamois rupicapra a zahiri tana nufin "dutsen akuya", kodayake a cikin rayuwar Latin ana kiranta chamois kawai akuya (capra), doe (dama) ko ƙwarƙwasa (cervula).

Bayanin

Girman chamois kusan mita ɗaya ne a tsayi kuma 75 cm a ƙ witƙasasshe. Wutsiya mai gajarta, tsayinsa baya wuce cm 8. nauyin chamois yana daga kilo 30 zuwa 50. Tana da karamin aiki mai ƙarfi tare da siririn wuya, gajeriyar magana, kunnuwa masu kaifi, wanda tsawonsa ya kusan rabin tsawon kai. Chamois suna da kafaffun kafaffun kafaffun kafafu tare da shimfidar lebur, haka kuma kaho suna kaiwa 25 cm wadanda suke da baya, dukkansu a cikin mata da maza. A bayansu rami ne wanda mucous, sirrin ƙanshi ke ɓoye lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin.

A lokacin bazara, chamois launin ja-ruwan hoda ne, launuka akan ciki mai ruwan hoda-rawaya. A bayanta tana da rawaya mai launin fari da launin ruwan kasa, wuyanta fari fari-fari. A bayan kafafu fararen fata ne, wutsiya akan marainiya kuma baƙar fata a saman goshi. Hanyar baƙar fata tana buɗewa daga kunne zuwa ido. A cikin hunturu, chamois launin ruwan kasa ne mai saman da fari a ƙasa. Kafa da kai suna da fari-fari.

Yaɗa

Chamois suna zaune a cikin Alps kuma ana samo su daga Savoy na Faransa zuwa Dalmatia, da kuma a cikin Pyrenees, Vosges, Dutsen Balkan da Carpathians. Yankunan su ya hada da Manyan andari da Lessarancin Kaya, Dutsen Pontic da Minan Asiya. A cikin Rasha, hargitsi yana zaune ne Mafi Girma Caucasus Range. Yawancin Chamo a hankali yana zaune da beltsin daji na tsayi, a lokacin rani yawanci yakan tashi sama har zuwa tsaunika. Idan ta ji haushi sosai a ƙasan, ta tashi zuwa wani wuri mai dutse, wanda kusan ba zai iya yiwuwa ga maza ba, daga inda, da sanyin safiya, tana yin abubuwa dabam-dabam a kan filayen tuddai tsakanin duwatsu. A cikin hunturu, gangara zuwa cikin dazuzzuka.

Abokan gaba da Hadari

Abokan gaba na chamois sune lynxes, Wolves da bears. Wani lokacin matasa chamois sun zama ganima ga gaggafa. Hadarin dake tattare da tashin hankali shima ana wakilta shi da duwatsun da yake birgima da gutsuttsura na kankara, gami da ambaliyar ruwa wanda sanduna ke mutuwa da fari. A cikin lokacin tsananin sanyi, hargitsi da yawa kan fada cikin yunwar.

Habitat

Tarihin rarraba chamois ya mamaye tsaunukan Turai da Caucasus. Dabbobi suna zaune a cikin Alps da Pyrenees, Carpathians, duwatsun Balkan, don Babban da kusan ucarancin Kayan ƙasa, a Asiya inaramar. A Rasha, hargitsi suna zaune don tsaunin Mountain Caucasus.

Wuraren da aka fi so don zama shine tsaunuka da kuma tsaunukan tsaunuka da aka rufe da gandun daji. Ana iya samo su a kowane gandun daji - Birch, fir, gauraye, amma sun fi son coniferous. A lokacin bazara, suna hawa zuwa wuraren da ke cike da dutse, inda suke yin tsalle-tsalle tare da duwatsu da murhu. A cikin hunturu, ana tilasta murarar ta sauka cikin gandun daji mai kwari.

Biyan kuɗi

Sanya har izuwa mambobi 7 na tashin hankali:

• Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra — Rudani na yau da kullun , masu tallatawa masu mahimmanci, suna zaune Alps,
• Rupicapra rupicapra asiatica — Anmoliya chamois , ko turkish chamois , gabas da arewa maso gabashin Turkiya, wasu masu binciken sun fito fili cikin tsari mai 'yanci Rupicapra asiatica ,
• Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica — Balkan Chamois , duwatsun kasashen Balkan,
• Rupicapra rupicapra carpatica — Carpathian chamois , yana zaune a cikin Carpathians, ya fito fili a matsayin ɗan adam mai cin gashin kansa ta hanyar wasu masu bincike Rupicapra carpatica ,
• Rupicapra rupicapra cartusiana — Chartres Chamois , Tsaunin tsaunin Chartreuse a ƙarshen yamma na Alps na Faransa,
• Rupicapra rupicapra caucasica — Caucasian chamois Duwatsu Caucasus,
• Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica - Tatras.

Halin rayuwar Chamois da abinci mai gina jiki

Dangane da yanayin rayuwar chamois, suna rayuwa ne a cikin garkuna daga mutane 20 zuwa 100. A cikin garken kuwa ba za ku gamu da mace ba, daga mace ko marayu. Maza suna rayuwa daban, suna jagorantar rayuwar rayuwa. Sai kawai lokacin da lokaci ya zo don yin kiwo, kuma wannan shine kusan ƙarshen Nuwamba - farkon Disamba, maza sun zama m da yin gwagwarmaya ga mata. Yakin yana da ƙarfi, kuma wani lokacin yana ƙare da mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin abokan hamayyar.

Chamois suna cin kowane nau'in tsire-tsire da ake da su. A lokacin rani, wannan yalwar ganye da ƙananan harbe. A cikin hunturu - allura da haushi itace. Da rana, waɗannan dabbobin suna hutawa sau da yawa, amma a kan wata mai duhu suna aiki. Gudun daga maƙiyi, hargitsi na iya isa zuwa saurin kilomita 50 / h.

Hakanan, don rabuwa da masu bi, suna iya tsalle mita 6 a tsayi, kuma tsalle akan shinge har tsawon mita 2. Babban wanda ya farauto chamois shine Pyynne lynx, da wolf da aka saba. A Turai, a halin yanzu akwai kimanin dabbobi dubu 400 na chamois.

Jagoran garken mace ƙwararrun mata ne, kuma mazan mazaje suna zaune su kadai kuma suna ziyartar garken ne kawai a ƙarshen bazara.

Sake sarrafa Chamois

Lokacin shekara yana farawa a watan Disamba, ko kuma ƙarshen Nuwamba. A matsakaita, haihuwar mace tayi kimanin kwanaki 170, bayan haka ta haifi yaro 1 kuma, a lokuta daban-daban, kananan yara 2 ko 3. Matsakaicin nauyin jariri shine kilogram 2-3, kuma koyaushe da ko'ina yana bin mahaifiyarsa.

Kimanin watanni shida daga baya, lokacin da ciyar da madara ya ƙare, ƙaramin tashin hankali zai fara cin abincin da aka saba. Idan uwar ta mutu ba tare da ciyar da ɗan ba, to, ba zai ɓace ba - sauran mata daga garken za su kula da shi.

Maza suna tafiya tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa shekaru 2-3, bayan haka suka ɓata cikin ƙaramin rukuni, kuma suna rayuwa kamar wannan har zuwa lokacin balaga, wanda yawanci yakan faru ne shekaru 8. Bayan haka, kowane namiji ya mamaye yankin, wanda ya kare da haƙuri da ƙarfi.

Abincin Chamois ya ƙunshi harbe-harben kananan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, har da ciyawa da ciyayi.

Mace na yin balaga da shekaru 2.5-3, kuma a wannan lokacin suna shirye don kiwo.

Matsakaicin rayuwa na waɗannan dabbobi masu ban tsoro shine kimanin shekaru 15-17. A cikin zaman talala, tare da kulawa da kulawa da ta dace, abinci ya tanada har zuwa shekaru 22 zuwa 22-23.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.

Siffofi da mazaunin chamois

Dabbobin Chamois wakilai ne na ajin dabbobi masu shayarwa, haɓakar su ba ta wuce 75 cm, nauyinsu ya kai kilo 50. Chamois dabbobi ne masu kwalliya sosai, tofinsu yayi dan gajere, kuma kafafunsu sunada tsayi, akasin haka, suna da tsawo, suna iya kaiwa mita daya, gabobin baya sun fi na gaba. Shugaban chamois yana da matsakaici, kuma yana da ƙaho a ciki kawai: madaidaiciya a gindi, a ƙarshen ƙarshen suna da lanƙwasa baya da ƙasa.

Launi na ulu na chamois ya dogara da lokacin: a cikin hunturu duhu cakulan ne, ciki ya yi ja, ƙasan wuƙar wuya da makogwaron rawaya-ja. A lokacin rani, chamois yana da gajeriyar fur, ja tare da jan tint, ciki mai haske ne, kai ne launi iri ɗaya kamar jiki.

Chamois hooves suna dan kadan tsawon lokaci idan aka kwatanta da sauran membobin dangin akuya. Chamois suna zaune a cikin Carpathian, Pontic da Caucasian duwatsun, Pyrenees, Alps da duwatsun Asiya oraramar.

Chamois da ke zaune a tsaunin Caucasus ya sha bamban da na yan majalisun kasashen Turai ta Yamma a kamannin kwanyar, don haka ana alakanta su da wata hanyar.

Mafi kyawun wurin zama na Chamois shine tsaunin dutse da duwatsun kusa da fir, gandun daji da dutsen birch; A neman abinci, hargitsi ya gangara zuwa makiyaya.

Binciken kyakkyawan mazaunin, chamois na iya hawa zuwa kilomita uku, amma an hana wuraren da dusar ƙanƙara da dusar kankara. Wadannan dabbobin suna da matukar alaƙa da mazaunin kuma suna bayyana akan rago ɗaya a lokaci guda na rana, basa jin tsoron kasancewar mafarauta, ko makiyaya tare da dabbobi.

Yanayin Chamois da salon rayuwa

Mountain chamois mafi yawan lokuta suna zama cikin kananan kungiyoyi, amma wani lokacin sukan hada kai cikin garken da yawa, idan aka tattara irin wannan garken, shugaba shine mafi tsohuwar mace tsohuwar mace.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, mata suka fi yawa a cikin garken, maza ba sa shiga cikin garken kuma ko dai suna rayuwa daban-daban ko a cikin kananan kungiyoyin maza, kuma suna danganta garken ne kawai yayin lokacin balaga.

A lokacin rani, chamois yana zaune a tsaunika, kuma yayi ƙaura a cikin hunturu, lokacin hunturu ne lokaci mafi wahala ga waɗannan dabbobin saboda dusar ƙanƙara yana da wahalar samun abinci, kuma yana haifar da tsalle-tsalle masu sauri da motsi, saboda haka aku chamois na iya zama mai sauƙin ganima ga mafarauta.

Duk da tsananin son sani a cikin hargitsi, suna da matukar tsoro. Yayin rana, dabbobi su kan huta kamar haka, kuma don dare, sukan zaɓi wani fili. Chamois yana da sauri fiye da duk tururuwa don tsalle da hawa tsauni, yayin da suke gudu zasu iya tsalle zuwa mita bakwai.

Ciyarwar Chamois

Dutsen hargitsi kayan lambu ne, a lokacin rani suna cin abinci a kan tsire-tsire masu tsayi, kuma a cikin hunturu dole ne su ci ragowar ciyawa, suna fitowa daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, gansakuka da lasis.

A cikin hoto, chamois kuje, ku ci ciyawa

Sun yarda da rashin ruwa, suna wadatuwa da raɓa daga ganyayyaki. Idan dusar ƙanƙara ta yi zurfi sosai, to, don makonni da yawa za su iya cin lasir kawai suna rataye daga bishiyoyi, kuma a cikin neman abinci, hargitsi zai iya hawa sama zuwa abubuwan da aka bari a cikin ciyawar.

Koyaya, galibi saboda rashin abinci a cikin hunturu, hargitsi da yawa suna mutuwa. Chamois suna buƙatar gishiri, saboda haka koyaushe suna ziyarci licks gishiri.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

An yi imani da cewa kamar yadda nau'in chamois ya samo asali daga 250 dubu zuwa dubu dubu 400 da suka gabata. Har yanzu dai babu wani tabbataccen amsar game da asalin hargitsi. Akwai shawarwari da cewa nau'ikan rarrabuwar kawuna a halin yanzu sune ragowar yankin ci gaba da rarraba waɗannan dabbobi a da. Duk binciken da ya rage ya zama lokacin Pleistocene.

Akwai yawancin dammar chamois, sun banbanta da kamannin jikin mutum. Wasu masana kimiyya sunyi imani da cewa waɗannan ƙananan ma suna da asali daban. Kasuwanci suna zaune a yankuna daban-daban kuma saboda wannan dalilin bai sa baki ba. A cikin duka, guda bakwai na tashin hankali an san su. Biyu daga cikinsu, Anatolian da Carpathian chamois, bisa ga wasu rarrabuwa, na iya kasancewa ga jinsin daban. Sunayen 'yan kungiyar suna da alaƙa da mazauninsu na asali, ban da mawuyacin halin sananniya.

Ina chamois yake zaune?

HOTO: Rashin tsaunin dabba

Chamois suna zaune a cikin tsaunuka a ƙarshen kangararru da gandun daji. Dukkanin wancan da wanin suna da mahimmanci don rayuwarsu, saboda haka ana iya faɗi: cewa hargitsi itace dabbar dabba ce. An rarraba Chamois a sararin ƙasa mai nisa daga gabas zuwa yamma, daga Spain zuwa Georgia, kuma daga Turkiya da Girka a kudu zuwa Rasha a arewa, chamois suna rayuwa akan duk tsaunin tsaunin. Yawan yana gudana a yankuna mafi kyau na Alps da Caucasus.

Abin lura ne cewa shida daga cikin abubuwan mambobi bakwai na chamois sun sami sunayen su gwargwadon mazauninsu:

• Rudani na yau da kullun
• Anatolian
• Balkan
• Carpathian
• Chartres
• Caucasian,
• Tatra.

Misali, chakwis na Anatolian (ko Baturke) yana zaune a gabashin Turkiya da kuma arewa maso gabashin kasar, ana samun Balkan chamois a yankin Balkan, da kuma chapatis na Carpathian - a cikin Carpathians. An rarraba Chartres chamois a yamma na Alps na Faransa (sunan ya fito ne daga ƙarar Chartreuse). Caucasian chamois, bi da bi, yana zaune a cikin Caucasus, da Tatransky - a cikin Tatras. Babban tashin hankali shine mafi yawan asusu, saboda haka zaɓi. Irin wannan tashin hankali ya zama ruwan dare a cikin Alps.

A lokacin bazara, hargitsi ya hau zuwa tsaunin dutsen a tsawan kilogram 3600 sama da matakin teku. A cikin hunturu, suna gangara zuwa tsayin mita 800 kuma suna ƙoƙarin kusanci zuwa gandun daji, galibi ga conifers, don neman abinci mafi sauƙi. Amma rikice-rikice basu da ƙaura lokacin yanayi, sabanin sauran yankin. Mace da aka haife su kuma sun fi son kasancewa tare da yaransu a cikin gandun daji a gindin tsaunuka kuma suna jin kunya daga wuraren bude ido. Amma da zaran ɗan maraƙin ya yi ƙarfi, sai su je kan tsaunuka tare.

A farkon 1900s, an kawo chamois zuwa New Zealand a matsayin kyauta kuma tsawon shekaru dari sun sami damar yadawa sosai a kan yankin na Kudancin Island. Yanzu a kasar nan ko da chamois farauta ke karfafa gwiwa. Mutane daban-daban da ke zaune a New Zealand ba su da asali sosai da dangi na Turai, amma kowane ɗayan matsakaici ya kai kashi 20% ƙasa da ta Turai. Abin lura ne cewa an yi ƙoƙari biyu don daidaita tashin hankali a cikin tsaunukan Norway, amma dukansu sun ƙare cikin gaza - dabbobin sun mutu saboda wasu dalilai da ba a san su ba.

Me damuna ke ci?

HOTO: Ruwan chamois

Chamois lumana, herbivores. Suna ciyar da makiyaya, galibi ciyawa.

A lokacin rani kuma ku ci:

• hatsi,
• ganyayen bishiya
• furanni
• kananan harbe na bishiyoyi da wasu bishiyoyi.

A lokacin rani, chamois bashi da matsala da abinci, tunda sun sami ciyayi da yawa a cikin mazauninsu. Koyaya, zasu iya sauƙaƙe yi ba tare da ruwa ba. Rigar safiya da ruwan sama mai wuya ta ishe su. A cikin hunturu, ganye iri ɗaya, ganye, ana amfani da hatsi, amma sun riga sun kasance a cikin tsarin bushe kuma a cikin adadi kaɗan. Dole ne a fitar da abinci daga karkashin dusar ƙanƙara.

Sakamakon karancin abinci na kore, chamois suna cin mosses da lasisi na itace, ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi, haushi wasu bishiyoyi waɗanda ke da ikon ɗanɗana, willows ko ash dutse, alal misali. Hakanan a cikin hunturu, ana samun cikakkun ganye, spruce da Pine needles, ƙananan ƙananan ɓawon kwandon shara. Idan aka sami matsalar rashin abinci, mutane da yawa sun mutu. Wannan na faruwa a kai a kai kowane lokacin hunturu.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

HOTO: Chamois a cikin tsaunuka

Kamar yawancin sauran ungulates, chamois garke. Suna matsananciyar tsoro da azabtarwa, tare da mafi ƙarancin haɗarin da suke gudu zuwa cikin daji ko ɓoye a cikin tsaunuka. Chamois tsalle da kyau da tsayi, irin wannan ƙasa ya dace da su sosai - zaku yi gudu da yawa daga abokan gaba da kuma mummunan yanayi. Tare da iska mai ƙarfi, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da sauran tsautsayi, chamois ya ɓoye a cikin kogon dutse da murhu.

Chamois yana jin ƙarin ƙarfin gwiwa, haɗuwa, aƙalla cikin ƙananan rukuni na mutane biyu ko uku. Matsakaicin adadin mutane a cikin garken ya kai ɗaruruwan ɗari, a wuraren da suka fi rarrabawa ko a ƙoƙarin ware kansu daga sauran dabbobin da ke ƙasa. A cikin hunturu da bazara, chamois tarawa cikin ƙananan rukuni, yana da sauƙin samun abinci da tsira daga sanyi. A lokacin bazara, yawansu yana ƙaruwa da zuriya, kuma hargitsi ya kwantar da hankali kuma ya yi kiwo a cikin babban garken.

Chamois sun sami damar sadarwa tare da juna. Don sadarwa da juna, suna amfani da haɓaka, matsayi na rinjaye da ƙaddamarwa, da kuma ra'ayoyi daban daban. Tsofaffi mutane da wuya su ware daga yara, galibi garken sun gauraye. Da safe, abinci mai yawa yana faruwa, bayan cin abincin rana, chamois shakata. Kuma suna yin shi ɗaya a lokaci guda, wani ya lura da yanayin kuma, a cikin wane yanayi, ya ɗaga ƙararrawa. A cikin hunturu, ana tilasta dabbobi su ci gaba da tafiya cikin neman abinci da mafaka. Yawancin lokaci suna sauka kusa da gandun daji, inda akwai karancin iska kuma akwai bushewar abinci.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Chamois da Kuba

A cikin kaka, daga tsakiyar Oktoba, hargitsin canjin yanayi ya shude. Mace suna haskaka wani sirri na musamman da maza ke amsawa, wanda ke nufin cewa sun kasance shirye don ma'aurata. A watan Nuwamba da Disamba suna da lokacin kiwo. Bayan kimanin makonni 23 ko 24 (a wasu rashi, ciki yakai makonni 21), an haifi jariri. Adadin haihuwar yana tsakanin tsakiyar Mayu da farkon rabin Yuni.

Yawancin lokaci, mace ɗaya tana haihuwar ɗa ɗaya, amma wani lokacin akwai guda biyu. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i bayan haihuwa, maraƙi na iya yin motsi da kansa. Iyaye mata suna shayar da su madara tsawon watanni uku. Ana iya ɗaukar cutar tamomos a matsayin dabbobi na zamantakewar al'umma: game da jariran, wanda a cikin hakan, sauran mata daga garken na iya kulawa.

Bayan watanni biyu na farkon garken dole ne ya kasance kusa da gandun daji. Yana da sauƙi ga foran sandunan su motsa kuma akwai inda zasu ɓoye. A bayyane, za su iya samun ƙarin haɗari. Yara suna haɓaka da sauri. Bayan watanni biyu sun riga sun yi tsalle cikin wayo kuma suna shirye don zuwa tsaunuka bayan iyayensu. Yana dan shekara ashirin da haihuwa, hargitsi ya kai ga balaga, kuma a lokacin da ya kai shekaru uku suna da 'ya'yansu na farko.

Chaan mata, chamois, 'yan' mata da mata suna manne tare. Shugaban garken kuwa tsohuwa ce. Maza yawanci basa cikin rukuni ne; sun gwammace su tare su yayin lokacin mating don cika aikinsu na halittu. Akwai lokuta da yawa yayin da maza guda ɗaya ke yawo tsaunin kan kan su.

Abokan gaba na hargitsi

Dabbobin da ke tsintsa kansu suna da haɗari ga hargitsi, musamman idan sun fi girma girma. A cikin gandun daji za su iya jira kyarkeci da bears. Mafi yawan hatsarin tashin hankali shine shi kadai, ana iya ciza shi ko da ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar abubuwa kamar su foya ko lynx. Duk da kasancewar ƙahonin da za su iya ba da kariya don kansu, hargitsi ya fi son kar su kare kansu daga harin, amma su gudu.

Maƙiyan da ke cin zarafi ba koyaushe ba ne ga tsofaffi, amma a kan ƙuruciyarsu, domin har yanzu suna da rauni kuma ba sa fuskantar matsala. Bayan ya ɓace daga garken, da alama yaro ya mutu: har yanzu yana gudana a hankali kuma ba shi da isasshen ƙwarewar motsawa cikin duwatsun, bai fahimci hatsarin ba. Tana iya faɗuwa ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko ambaliyar ruwa, ta faɗo daga wani dutse. Tunda har yanzu yana da karancin nauyi kuma bashi da nauyi, ban da dabbobi, tsuntsayen da ke cin naman ma suna da hatsari a gareshi. Misali, mikiya, mikiya, wacce zata iya kama akuya kai tsaye a kan tashi, ko mikiya, tana zaune a Faransa.

Balaga da ambaliyar ruwa ma suna da haɗari ga manya. Akwai lokuta idan, a cikin neman mafaka, hargitsi ya gudu zuwa tsaunuka, amma a lokaci guda sun mutu daga ɓarin. Wata haɗarin halitta shine yunwa, musamman a lokacin hunturu. Saboda gaskiyar cewa chamois garken dabbobi ne, masu saurin kamuwa da cututuka ne. Wasu cututtuka, kamar scabies, na iya rusa yawancin garken.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Mountain Chamois

Yawan Chamois suna da yawa kuma suna da kyau. Adadin nau'ikan kusan mutum dubu 400 ne. Tare da ban da damuwar Caucasian, wacce ke cikin yanayin “mai rauni” kuma tana da kusan mutane dubu huɗu. Godiya ga kariya a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an sami ci gaban girma da lambarta. Chartres chamois na cikin hadarin rugujewa, amma tsarkin jininta yana cikin shakka tsakanin masanan kimiyya. Ragowar biyar daga cikin nau'in guda bakwai suna da matsayin "rashin damuwa".

Koyaya, ya kamata a sani cewa yanayin daji ya zama dole don haɓakar asalin halittar ɗan adam da kuma kasancewar tashin hankali. Makiyaya na makiyaya a makiyaya na dutse yana zaluntar tashin hankali, kuma ana tilasta su matsawa neman wuraren da babu mafaka. Yana yiwuwa tare da haɓakar kiwo, an sami raguwar yawan tashin hankali a hankali. Wannan kuma ya shafi yaduwar yawon shakatawa, wuraren shakatawa na tsauni, wuraren shakatawa a mazauninsu.

A yankunan arewacin, abinci na iya ƙarancin lokacin hunturu kuma, a cewar bayanan kwanan nan, yawan jama'ar Tatra chamois da ke zaune a arewacin Turai na iya yin barazanar raguwa a yawan jama'a. Yawan Balkan chamois ya haura mutum dubu 29. Dokar har ta ba da izinin farautarsu, amma ba a Girka da Albania ba. A can, ƙananan farashi sun kasance masu farauta kuma yanzu yana ƙarƙashin kariya. Hakanan an yarda yin farauta akan Carpathian chamois. Kahon sa ya kai 30 cm kuma ana ɗaukarsa kamar ganima. Mafi yawan al'umma suna zaune a kudu na Carpathians, a cikin wurare masu sanyin sanyi yawancinsu ba su da yawa.

Yawan Chartres chamois yanzu ya ragu zuwa mutum 200, an jera su a cikin Littafin IUCN Red Book, amma wannan nau'in chamois bashi da kariya sosai. Wasu masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa an fifita wannan matsayin a banza. Ta hanyar halayen halittar mutum, kawai ɗan asalin yanki ne mai yawan chamois Talakawa ko kuma ya dade da tsarkinsa.

Tsarin Chamois

HOTO: Ruwan chamois

Kawai kabon Caucasian chamois ne kawai ke da kariya. An jera su a cikin Littafin Ruwa a cikin yankuna da dama da kuma jumlolin Caucasus da Yankin Tarayya ta Kudu. Babban abin da ke haifar da raguwar jama'a a lokaci guda shine abubuwan rashin hankali, alal misali, raguwar gandun daji. A lokaci guda, hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a cikin wannan tsari yana yin kusan babu gudummawar da za a iya bayarwa.

Yawancin mutane suna zaune a cikin ɗabi'un wuri, inda suke kula da yanayin rayuwarsu. Suna da karancin damar zuwa yawon bude ido, da rage girman bayyanar cutar abubuwa. Haramun kare gandun daji a cikin ajiyar kaya an haramta shi, yana da kariya a sarari. Kowane mutum a cikin ajiyayyen ana kula. Na gode Caucasian hargitsi A cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, ya sami damar ƙara yawan jama'arta sau ɗaya da rabi.