Mallakin Burma - Haske masu wakiltar sararin duniyar kwari. Ana kiransu sau da yawa "arewa hummingbirds" ko sphinxes saboda girman su da kuma hanyar ciyarwa mai saɓani.

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan asu, yawancinsu suna da launi na halayyar sa, tsarin musamman akan saman fuka-fukan da baya. Don haka, malam buɗe ido ɗan itacen mashaya ne mai launi iri iri, kamar duhu, jan giya, yayin da Matattun Brahnik na Matattu a baya suna da hoto mai kama da ainihin kwanyar.

Launin launi na malam buɗe ido ya dogara da tsirrai da take rayuwa a kai, a kan yadda ake ciyar da ita. Yawancin Brazhnikov suna da launi mai haske, yanayin raɗaɗin oblique a kan kyakkyawar fage tare da manyan wurare a cikin manyan idanu a baya.

A cikin hoto, shaho ya mutu kai.

Halaye da kuma mazaunin garin malam buɗe ido

Hornwort wani babban kamshi ne mai nauyi, mai ɗaukar nauyi tare da ƙaƙƙarfan girman jiki, mai kamannin jiki da fuka-fukan fuka-fukai, tsawonsa ya kai 35 - 175 mm. Hanyar duk mutanen Brazilhniko masu tsayi ne, masu ƙyalli, tare da saman da aka nuna.

Zagaye, bude idanu na malam buɗe ido an rufe shi da gashin ido daga sama. Proboscis yana da ƙarfi, galibi ya fi tsayi fiye da jiki. An sanya paws ɗin sanannun layuka masu tsauri masu tsauri. Abun ciki na Brahnika an rufe shi da sikeli, wanda ya dace da ƙarshen a goge ko goga mai yawa.

Fuskokin fuka-fukai na da yawa suna da yawa, suna da alamar birgewa, tare da gefen ƙasan su ko da aka sassaka. Fuskokin huɗun sun ɗan yi ƙarami, an saka su sosai a ƙarshen bayan, kuma suna da daraja a ƙarshen.

Ana iya samo sikandirin na Brazhnikov akan ganyayyaki na Elm, Birch, Linden, alder, ƙarancin lokaci, apple, pear daga ƙarshen watan Yuni. Hoto na Brazhnik malam buɗe ido za'a iya gani a cikin wannan labarin, amma rayuwan malam buɗe ido yafi kyau.

Halin hali da kayan adon gado

A dabi'a, yawancin nau'ikan jinsin mutanen Brazil suna rayuwa. Dukkansu suna jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki a wasu lokuta na rana: wasu a yamma, wasu a dare, wasu kuma a maraice ko da sanyin safiya. Yawancin irin waɗannan nau'ikan na Brazhniks ana ɗaukarsu ba sa'a, an jera su a cikin littafin Red.

Brazhnik yana tashi da sauri, a cikin jirgin yana kama da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu wanda yake tashi da halayen ɗan adam mai tawali'u. Yana faruwa ne saboda yawan fuka-fuki, da sakan daya sai kwari suka sanya yawun 52.

Da yawa nau'in Brazhnikov yi kama da ƙananan tsuntsaye irin su Oleander shaho, Matattu sun mutu, Talakawa Yazyk da Wine Hogwarts, suna yin tafiye-tafiye masu yawa yayin tashi daga nahiyar zuwa nahiyar ko daga wannan iyakar ƙasar zuwa waccan.

A cikin hoto oleander brazhnik

Hotuna tare da malam buɗe ido suna da haske koyaushe. Kwakwalwar mahaifa tare da gaba reshe 32-42 mm tsawo, yana da fuka-fuki na 64-82 mm. An shimfida fikafikan gaba na malam buɗe ido zuwa saman, Ina da sassaka a cikin ƙananan sashin, launin fenti mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙirar marmara mai duhu.

An yi ado da baya na Brazhnik mai ban sha'awa mai launin ruwan kasa. Wingsaƙƙarfan hular hular a jikin gwal mai launin fata mai launin shuɗi ne, a wannan bango manyan shimfidu suna bayyana mai kama da idanu baƙi da zoben shuɗi a ciki. An yi maganin gashin baki.

Hogwash mai taba yana zaune a yankuna na wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, yana faruwa a cikin jihohin arewacin Amurka. An dauke da kwaro na plantations taba, saboda wannan al'ada ita ce babban abincin kwari matafila. A cikin ciki, wannan hawthorn yana da tsari mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i shida na ja - murabba'ai rawaya.

A cikin hoto, taba taba

Linden shred yana da fikafikai 62 zuwa 80 mm. A gefan fikafikann sa na gaba yana aiki. Launin fuka-fukan na shimfidawa daga kore ko zaitun mai launin shuɗi. A kan wannan yanayin, manyan biyu, marasa daidaituwa, sau da yawa ma'amala mara duhu suna tsinkaye.

Hind fuka-fukai ruwan lemo mai duhu. Maballin wannan malam buɗe ido yana da kore tare da raɗaɗin shuɗi oblique a tarnaƙi, pupaan itacen fata yana ciyar da hunturu a cikin ƙasa. Tabarbazar suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Turai da Yammacin Siberiya, a cikin lambunan Asiya andaramar da Caucasus. A hankali kwari a farkon lokacin rani, wani lokacin a farkon kaka, ƙarni na biyu na kwari na iya bayyana.

Maƙabin haɓaka

Yawancin mutane na Brazhnikov suna ciyar da fure ne na fure, alhali ba su hau kan wata itaciya ba, amma suna rataye shi kuma suna tsotse ruwan nectar da dogon proboscis. Wannan jirgin yana daukar mafi wahala, iska ne, bawai kwari bane suke mallakar sa, amma baya bada gudummawa ga fitar da tsirrai.

Wasu mutanenhnhnhn sun fi son amfani da kudan zuma. Don haka malam buɗe ido Wani mataccen kai yana kama da amsar dare da daddare, yana tafe da saman su yana kwaikwayon buɗaɗɗen kudan zuma, ya shiga cikin hive, ya soke saƙar zuma da katako mai ƙarfi yana tsotse zuma.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

'Ya'yan kamshi na Brahniki suna rayuwa tsawon kwanaki, tsawon rayuwar su ya dogara da irin ajiyar da jikin mutum ya tara a matakin matakin lardin. Duk yanayin rayuwar kusan kwanaki 30-45 ne, lokacin bazara shekaru biyu na kwari wasu lokuta sukan girma.

Hogwarts kwari ne da ke da cikakkiyar hanyar sakewa. Ya ƙunshi matakai 4: kwai, tsutsa (ko matafila), ƙwayar kumburi, malam buɗe ido - ɗan kwaro. Pheromones, wanda glandon mace ke lullube shi, yana taimakawa namiji ya sami wasu nau'ikan jinsinsa.

Insectswarin kwari yakan ɗauki daga mintina 23 zuwa awanni da yawa, a yayin da masu haɗin ke ci gaba da kasancewa har yanzu. Sannan mace kusan nan take ta sanya kwai da suka hadu, a cikin abin da yake akwai akwai guda 1000 a dunkule, ya danganta da nau'in.

Kwakwalwa

Jumlolin suna haɗe zuwa tsire-tsire inda wadataccen abinci ga caterpillars. Karnataka Braziil bayyana ranar 2-4 ga. Suna da aiki sosai, suna cinye oxygen mai yawa da abinci, wanda ke ba su damar girma da haɓaka da sauri.

Caterpillars na shredderhog sun dace sosai don tsira: wasu nau'ikan suna da launuka masu haske, kauri da kauri, wasu suna rufe launi na matsakaici, ƙirar jikin jiki, wasu sukan fitar da wari mara kyau saboda tarin abubuwan guba a jiki.

Yawancinsu suna ciyar da ganyayyaki na waɗancan tsire-tsire waɗanda akan shuka. Ukurai da lambuna ba su kawo lahani da yawa ga masanan ƙasar Brahnik, saboda galibi suna cin ganye ne kawai. Su ne musamman aiki a yamma da dare.

Bayan samun isasshen ƙarfi da kayan abinci, sai guguwa ta faɗa cikin ƙasa kuma almajirin can. A Chrysalis pupae da ke ƙasa akwai ƙananan ƙaho, wanda kusan dukkanin nau'in halitta ne.

Matsayin dalibi yakai kimanin kwanaki 18, lokacin da aka sami canje-canje masu girma - cikakken ma'anar jikin mutum, canji mai ban mamaki na ƙwararren Brazhnik ya zama kyakkyawan garkuwa.

Kwaro mai cikakke ya sami 'yanci daga busasshen busasshiyar ciyawa, yana buɗe fuka-fukan sa yana bushe su. Bayan ya sami damar tashi, nan da nan malam buɗe ido yana neman abokin tarawa, don kada a katse yanayin rayuwar wannan halittar.

Yawancin nau'ikan Brazhniks suna cikin Littafin Rashanci na Rashanci, da kuma a cikin Littattafai na yankin Red. Wadannan kwari suna lalata ciyayi da yawa kuma kawai suna ado da duniyar mu.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

HOTO: Butterfly hawthorn

Hnanyen baƙin labaren Brazhnik na cikin kwari ne, ana kasafta shi zuwa ga umarnin Lepidoptera, dangin shayarwa. Sunan daya daga cikin sanannun masarautar hawthorn shine shugaban mutuwa. Anyi bayanin wannan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa ana amfani da hoto mai kama da siffar kwanyar a saman saman kai. Wannan malam buɗe ido shine babban gwarzo na labarun almara da imani da yawa.

An yi nazarin nau'in kuma an bayyana shi a cikin karni na 20 ta masanin kimiyya Heinrich Prell. Wannan nau'in kwaro yana haifar da sha'awar da ba a taɓa gani ba. Wadannan baƙin ƙarfe a zamanin da an ɗauke su manzannin wahala da alamun gazawa da cuta. Mutane sun yi imanin cewa idan kwaro da aka bayar ya shiga gidan mutane, kwatsam mutuwa zata zo nan. Akwai kuma irin wannan alamar: idan reshe reshe ya shiga ido, to da sannu mutumin zai makance ya rasa ganinsa.

Bayanin

Manyan katako mai girma ko matsakaici, tare da ƙarfi, galibi suna nunawa a ƙarshen jiki da kunkuntar fuka-fukai. Wingspan 30-175 mm, a cikin mafi yawan jinsin 80-100 mm. Antennae dogaye ne, futture, yawanci tare da nuna alama da ƙugiya-kamar biri. Idanun suna zagaye, ba dan komai ba, yawanci an rufe ta daga sama tare da sutturar sikeli masu tsawo. Proboscis galibi yana da tsawo sosai, a lokuta da yawa ya fi tsayi tsawon jiki, ƙasa da gajere, wasu lokuta kuma a rage Mafi dadewar proboscis tsakanin shaho (da dukkan kwari) yana cikin jinsin Kudancin Amurka Amphimoea Walkeri - Tsawonta ya kai santimita 28, wanda ya ninka tsawon jiki. Labial palps haɓaka da kyau, an lanƙwasa sama, densely an rufe shi da Sikeli a waje, yawanci scaly akan ciki. A paws suna ɗauke da layuka da yawa na gajeruwar ƙarfi. An rufe ciki da m Sikeli kusoshi da aka tattara a ƙarshen su a cikin goga ko goga mai yawa. Fuka fikaffi na gaba fiye da sau 2 fiye da faɗin su, tare da tsattsarkar biri. Gefen bakinsu yana ko da sassaka, tare da yanke mai zurfi tsakanin jijiyoyin, da karfi aka yanka zuwa gaba, wani lokacin zagaye. Girman fikafikan sau da yawa sau 1.5 fiye da faɗin faɗin su, an kula da shi sosai zuwa ƙarshen murfin, tare da ƙararraki mai zurfi tare da gefen ƙarshen a gaban kusurwar fir. Hookaƙƙarfan tsugunnar takan yi saurin inganta sosai, wani lokacin ma ƙuduri ne.

Twilight da maraice, amma wasu nau'ikan sunada shahararru ne (Macellalossum stellatarum) da kuma bumblebees (Hemaris) tashi kawai a lokacin rana. Szhekodina tailed ko karamin innabi (Sphecodina caudata) aiki da safe. A cikin yanayin yanayi, yawancin nau'in suna ba ƙarni 1 a kowace shekara, ƙasa da sau da yawa - 2 ƙarni.

Kwakwalwa suna da yawa babba, tare da kafafu biyar. Launin yana da haske sosai, tare da raɗaɗɗen rabe-rabensu da aibobi a cikin idanun. Kwakwalwa na haɓaka galibi akan bishiyoyi da tsirrai, ba su da yawa - a kan ciyawar ciyawa, ana ɗaukar yanayin kunkuntar abinci kuma galibi suna iya ciyar da ɗabi'a ɗaya ko ɗaya kusa, nau'in polyphagous yana da wuya a tsakanin bishiyoyin mollusk. Wasu nau'in an san su da kwari na biyu na aikin gona da gandun daji. A cikin gandun daji, daɗaɗɗun raƙuman ruwa da nau'ikan fure-tsalle suna ɗan lalace, a cikin lambuna, 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace da dutse. A ƙarshen ƙarshen murfin naman daji akwai kusan haɓakar haɓakar dutsen - "ƙaho". Kwakwalwa suna aiki da tsakar rana da dare.

An bambanta ɗan itacen pupa ta gaskiyar cewa a ƙarshen ƙarshen yana da ma'ana a cikin nau'i na ƙaho, wanda 'yan ƙabilan ne kawai ke hana su.

Bidiyo: Malamin Gindi

A cikin atlases na zoological, ana samun malam buɗe ido na brazhnik a ƙarƙashin sunan acherontia atropos. An fassara daga Latin, sunan wannan malam buɗe ido alama ce ta ɗayan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na masarautar matattu. Da farko, masana ilimin dabbobi sun gaskanta cewa malam buɗe ido ya bayyana a duniya bayan bayyanar tsire-tsire. Koyaya, ba a tabbatar da wannan ka'idar ba daga baya. Tabbatar da ainihin lokacin bayyanar kuliyoyin cuta a duniya matsala ce. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Lepidoptera yana da raunin jiki.

Gano ragowar tsoffin magabatan bolayen zamani zamani ne. Mafi yawa ana samo su a cikin guda na resin ko amber. Nemo mafi yawan tsoffin tsoffin tsoffin zamanin Lepidoptera sun dawo ne shekaru miliyan 140-180 shekaru da suka gabata. Bayan haka, masana kimiyyar suna da'awar cewa farkon kuliyoyin, masu kama da kwari a bayyanar, sun bayyana ne a duniya kadan shekaru miliyan 280 da suka gabata. Wannan nau'in malam buɗe ido ya kasu kashi biyu masu yawa, kowannensu yana da nasa fasali.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Hummingbird-kamar hawthorn malam buɗe ido

Ana amfani da alamun iska a matsayin manyan kwari kuma suna da fasali na halayyar.

Alamar wannan nau'in Lepidoptera:

• m jiki
• dogon siriri fuka-fuki. A wannan yanayin, fikafikan gaba na biyu ya fi na biyu baya. A hutawa, galibi galibi ƙananan fikafikan fikafi suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ƙananan, ko a haɗa su a cikin siffar gida,
• ba tare da dansandan a zagaye ba,
• jiki yana da kayan ado na dabi'a wanda yayi kama da hawan bishiyoyi.

Girman fuka-fukan waɗannan ƙwaƙwalwar itace daga 3 zuwa 10 santimita. Tsawon jiki shine santimita 10-11. A cikin wannan nau'in na Lepidoptera, dimorphism ya bayyana. Mace sun ɗan girma fiye da maza. Yawan taro na mace daya shine giram 3-9, namiji - 2-7 grams.

Girman matakan, nauyin jiki da launi ana biyan su yawanci ta hanyar masu tallafin. Misali, wakilin mafi girman wannan nau'in shine antaeus. Fuka-fukan sa yana da santimita 16-17. Mafi karami shine sharar fage. Gashin fuka-fukin reshen sa ba ya wuce milimita 2-3. Wine Hogwarts tana da bambancin launin ja mai haske. Hakanan launi ya dogara sosai a yankin mazauninsu da abinci mai gina jiki.

Malam buɗe ido yana da eriya, yana iya zama tsayi da yawa, fusiform ko fasalin sanda. An nuna su kuma an lankwasa su. A cikin maza, sun fi maza yawa yawa fiye da mace. Abun da ya shahara na shaho ana wakiltar wani tsofon dodo ne mai santsi. Tsawonsa na iya zama tsawon lokuta da girman jikinsa, ya kai santimita 15-17. Mafi dadewar proboscis shine madagascar Madagascar, tsayinsa ya wuce santimita 30. A wasu tallafi, gajarta ce ko rashin samarwa. A cikin lokacin da malam buɗe ido ba sa cin abinci, kawai an mirgine shi cikin bututu.

A bakin leɓen malam buɗe ido suna daɗaɗɗen ɓarna, waɗanda ke durƙushe kuma an rufe su da sikeli. Kwaro yana da cakuduwa, idanu masu girma. An ɗan rufe su da furfuran gashin ido. Musamman maɓuɓɓuka masu ɓoye gidaje ana gina su zuwa gabobin hangen nesa. Tare da taimakonsu, kwari ba wai kawai bambance launuka bane, amma kuma suna iya ɗaukar haskoki mara ganuwa. Jikin kwari ya cika da tsananin kauri, kauri mara nauyi. A ƙarshen jiki, ana tattara villi cikin buroshi ko ƙanshin wuta. Kwayoyin cuta sun sami ci gaba sosai na tsokoki na jiki, godiya ga wanda zasu iya haɓaka saurin jirgin sama.

A ina ne malam buɗe ido yake?

Hoto: malam buɗe ido na Hedgehog a yanayi

Wannan nau'in kuturta shi ne na kwari na thermophilic. Duk da yawancin nau'o'in tallafi, yawancinsu suna mai da hankali ne ga ƙasashe masu zafi. Za'a iya samun wasu kudaden shiga a cikin yanayin ƙasa.

Yankin mahalli yankin

A cikin ƙasar Rasha babu adadin tallafin sama da hamsin. Yawancin nau'ikan malam buɗe ido suna zaɓan yankuna da ciyayi mai yawa kamar yankin mazauninsu. Koyaya, akwai ƙananan hukumomi waɗanda ke zaune a cikin yankunan hamada na Eurasia. Yawancin nau'ikan hawthorn suna dauke da malam buɗe ido na dare. Sabili da haka, a lokacin rana, galibi suna kan kwari na bishiyoyi, a kan tsirrai.

Hogwarts suna cikin kwari-masu sanyi, saboda haka kafin su tashi sama suna girgiza fuka-fukansu na dogon lokaci da sauri, suna sanyaya jikin zuwa yanayin da ake so. A cikin wurare masu zafi, shaho sun tashi duk shekara. A cikin yanayin latitude, suna jure hunturu a matakin dalibi. Don tsira cikin yanayin sanyi mai zuwa, pupaan itacen ɓoye ya ɓoye a cikin ƙasa ko gansakuka.

Wasu nau'ikan suna ƙaura tare da farkon yanayin sanyi a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi. Akwai nau'ikan halittu waɗanda, akasin haka, suna ƙaura tare da farkon bazara zuwa mafi yankuna na arewacin. Haƙiƙan ƙaura suna da alaƙa ba kawai tare da canjin yanayi ba, har ma da yawan ɗabi'a. A sabbin yankuna, suna ƙirƙirar ikon mallaka na ɗan lokaci da zuriya masu yawa.

Yanzu kun san wurin da malam buɗe ido brazhnik yake zaune, bari mu ga me yake ci.

Me ke cin dodo mai ganye?

HOTO: Butterfly hawthorn

Babban tushen abinci mai gina jiki ga manya shine fure nectar, wanda yake da wadatar carbohydrates. Saboda gaskiyar rayuwar malam buɗe ido tana da ɗan gajeren rai, ta tara babban tushen furotin yayin kasancewarta a cikin ɗakin macijin. Lepidoptera ya fi son ci nectar na nau'ikan tsire-tsire, dangane da nau'ikan da matakin ci gaba.

Me zai iya zama tushen abinci:

• poplar,
• dutsen marina,
• Lilac,
• rasberi,
• dope,
• belladonna,
• 'ya'yan itace' ya'yan itace - plum, ceri, itacen apple,
• Jasmin,
• tumatir
• Nectar conifers,
• inabi
• spurge,
• itacen oak.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: consideredaukar ƙwayar tabathorn ana ɗaukar mai guba, saboda tana cin ganyen taba kuma tana tara abubuwa masu guba a cikin shuka. Yana da takamaiman launi, wanda ke tsoratar da tsuntsayen ganima, kuma yana iya fesa butting, sa takamaiman saƙo.

Haka kuma akwai nau'ikan shaye shaye waɗanda ke iya cin zuma, suna hawa cikin hive. Abin mamaki, kwaro yana sarrafa jin daɗin jin daɗin ciye-ciye kuma ya kasance cikin aminci da amo. Suna iya yin sauti mai kama da kukan kudan zuma. Proaƙƙarfan proboscis yana taimakawa sauƙi daskarar da saƙar saƙar zuma.

Brazhniki yana da yanayin cin abinci na musamman. Sun rataye a kan shuka kuma tare da taimakon dogayen akwati sukan tsotse ruwan nectar mai daɗi. Abin lura ne cewa babu sauran kwari da ke da irin wannan ikon. Ta wannan hanyar ciyar da kwari ba sa fitar da tsire-tsire.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: malam buɗe ido hog-fly a jirgin sama

A cikin yanayi, akwai babban adadin biyan kuɗi na hawthorn. Kowane ɗayan kuɗin yana bayyanar da aiki a wani zamani na daban na ranar. Akwai shahoye da suka fi son jagorancin rayuwar yau da kullun, maraice ko maraice. Wadannan nau'ikan kuliyoyin marmari na haɓaka haɓakar jirgin sama. A yayin jirgin, suna yin sautin halayyar, suna tunawa da kukan jirgin sama.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ana bayar da babban saurin jirgin sama ta hanyar saurin fuka-fukan fuka-fuki. Wani malam buɗe ido ya ninka bugun jini sama da 50 a sakan na biyu!

Wasu 'yan barkono suna kama da ƙananan tsuntsaye. Suna da ikon yin tafiya mai nisa, suna tashi daga wannan ƙarshen ƙasa zuwa wancan, ko kuma daga ƙasa zuwa nahiya.

Waɗannan nau'ikan buɗaɗɗen ganye suna ɗauke da yanayin takamaiman ciyar. Sakamakon girman nauyi, ba kowane fure bane zai iya tsayayya da malam buɗe ido. Saboda wannan, sun rataye a kan shuka da tsotse nectar tare da dogon proboscis. Yana tashi daga shuka ɗaya zuwa waccan har sai ya cika. Bayan malam buɗe ido ya gamsar da yunwar, yakan tashi, yana juyawa kaɗan daga gefe zuwa gefe.

Wasu nau'o'in shaho, ciki har da "kai mai mutu" a lokacin da ake gab da haɗari, sukan fito da sautin sifofin da yayi kama da mai ƙara mai amo. Suna iya yin waɗannan saututukan godiya ga iska da aka saki daga cikin hanjin cikin, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga abubuwan ɗora cikin ɗakun maganganu na baka.

Fasali da salon rayuwa

Yaya zaka fahimci cewa a gabanka akwai malam buɗe ido brazhnik? Kula da fasalullukan sa:

• Manya na iya zama har zuwa 11 cm a tsayi, yayin da proboscis ɗin ya kai 10 cm.
• Saurin shawo kansa yakai kilomita 50 a awa daya.
• Maƙasai suna da launi mai ban mamaki.
• Ganyen Hawthorn ya kai 12.5 cm.
• Kakakin ya zo cikin launuka daban-daban dangane da nau'in kwari.
• Kafin juya pupae zuwa malam buɗe ido, canjin launi yana faruwa.
• Brazhnik suna kama da wani baƙon halitta - 'kayan''sa na iya zama sabon abu.

Shin ya cancanci jin tsoron fargaba ga mazauna bazara?

Tushen abincin wannan nau'in shine ƙoshin nectar mai ƙanshi.. Sabili da haka, a wuraren da akwai furanni masu yawa da ciyawa, sun fi yawa. Za ku iya ganin yadda shaho yake kama da hawa sama da wata fure a cikin ciyawar. Suna bayyana da wuya a cikin lambun - galibi ana rikodin lokuta da suka zama ruwan dare. Girman yawan yana canzawa sosai a kowace shekara kuma galibi ya dogara da yanayin yanayi. Don haka a cikin shekarun sanyi, akwai raguwar shaho, kuma a cikin dumama yawan adadin kwari yana ƙaruwa sosai.

Caterpillars ba sa haifar da mummunar lalacewar plantings - suna ciyar da ganye akan matasa, amma ba kan sikelin mai yawa ba, wanda ya sa tsirrai su dawo da sauri. Tara tarin irin wadannan kwari lamari ne mai wahala. Sabili da haka, idan kun ga matafila, to bai kamata ku damu da amfanin gona ba, zai fi kyau kawai a tura shi daga shafinku zuwa makiyaya, saboda an saka wannan kwari a cikin Littafin Lissafi.

Cin Abinci

Daga zamanin da, ana yarda cewa asu na brazhnik haran wasa ne na manyan matsaloli. Wataƙila dalilin irin wannan tsoro da ƙiyayya ya ta'allaka ne ga bayyanar malam buɗe ido. A bayan wasu nau'in zaku iya ganin tsarin ominous - kamar dai ana nuna kwanyar da kasusuwa a jiki. Don ganin yadda yadda ƙugu take, zaku iya nemo hotuna ta hanyar tambaya “asu-hawthorn hoto. Dalili na biyu wanda ya haifar da yawan jita-jita shine rashin jigon kwaro.

Brazhniki a al'ada

Ga mutane masu camfi, haɗuwa da shaho abin tsoro ne. Wani malam buɗe ido da ake kira "matattarar kai" ya zama gwarzo na tarihin gado da labaru. Wannan kwari da aka zargi da cutar, mutuwa, har ma da yaƙi. Wasu imani har yanzu suna da rai - don haka 'yan Mexico sun yi imani cewa idan flake daga reshe na shaho ba zato ba tsammani ya shiga cikin ido, to kai ma zaka iya makancewa.

Za'a iya samun nassoshi na malam buɗe ido a littattafai da fina-finai. Don haka a cikin fim din “Shiru na bsan Rago” na Jonathan Demmy, wani maniac yana sanya tsana mai tsoratarwa ga waɗanda abin ya shafa a bakinsa. A cikin labari, wanda bisa ga abin da aka harba fim ɗin, an zaɓi wani nau'in - Acherontia styx, amma a cikin fim mun ga mataccen ƙanƙara mai mutu.

Edgar Allan Poe ya ambaci wannan malam buɗe ido a cikin labarin Sphinx - a can kwaro ya fashe akan yanar gizo akan taga. Alexander Belyaev ya yi jawabi iri iri daya mai ban tsoro a cikin labarin Matattu.

Daya daga cikin ayyukansa, Van Gogh ya kira "Brazhnik mataccen shugaban." Ko yaya, ya ba da hoton wani malam buɗe ido da ake kira Peacock-eye pear. An ba da sabon zanen a gidan adana kayan tarihi a Amsterdam, inda ya mai da shi "Butterfly Imperial."

Yaya tsawon lokacin da wannan malam buɗe ido ke rayuwa?

Tsuntsu ba ya daɗe. Tsarin rayuwarta ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu. Da farko, ya kamata mace ta sanya kwan, daga abin da tsutsa ciki ya bayyana bayan kwanaki 2-4. Makarfi ya juya ya zama prysalis, daga baya aka haife babban mutum. Don jawo hankalin namiji, an saki pheromone na musamman. Bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, wacce ta ɗauki awanni da yawa, malam buɗe ido yana sanya ƙwai akan tsire-tsire.

Yawancin shekarun wadannan tsirrai sun bambanta dangane da jinsin:

• haya mai sigari na rayuwa kusan wata guda,
• wasu nau'in suna rayuwa kwanaki kaɗan kuma suna mutuwa bayan an ɗora ƙwai. A lokaci guda, suna ciyar da waɗancan ajiyar da aka sanya a baya. Cikakken bayanin littafin malam buɗe ido yana nan.

Iri Hogwarts

Wine Hogweed (wanda kuma ake kira da “Grape Hog” ko “Pink Hog”) ana samunsa akan itacen inabi. Wannan nau'in yana da launi mai haske, babba da kuma ƙyalli mai kaifi.

Lilac hawthorn shine ɗayan manyan litattafan buɗe ido wanda ke ƙawata dangin hawthorn. Girman fuka-fukan yana daga 90 zuwa 120 mm. Fuka-fashin hular yana da ruwan hoda, ana iya ganin zobba a ciki, wasu kuma ruwan hoda wasu kuma launin ruwan kasa. Litho hawthorn ya bambanta da sauran nau'in ta hanyar proboscis - tsayinsa kusan iri ɗaya ne da jikin kwari. Maballin zai iya zama launuka biyu - kore ko shunayya.

Brazhnik - wani yanki na hummingbird. Tabbas, kamar yadda kake gani daga hoto, yana da sauki mutum yayi amfani da abubuwanda aka saba dasu tare da buda ido da tsuntsayen. Abin dariya ne na yanayi - hummingbirds sune tsuntsayen da ke kankanta, nauyinsu ba yawanci ya wuce 2 g, kuma shahoshi sune jagorori a cikin manyan mangwaro. Yayin ciyar da furanni, kwari basu zauna, amma da alama suna jingina da su, da sauri suna yaye fikafikansu. Tinyan tsuntsu da alama yana birgima a kan toho. A tsakiyar Rasha, ɗayan nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa shine coot-letas.

Linden boletus yana da sauƙin ganewa saboda godiya ga fuka-fukan gaba tare da gefuna, ba da jimawa ba wanda zai iya kasancewa daga 60 zuwa 80 mm. Kuma a nan muna da hotunan manyan malam buɗe ido a duniya. Launin ya fara daga kore mai zaitun don tsatsa tare da duhu mara daidaitaccen yanki. Fuka fukafukan fuka-fukan 'Hind' ne ocher. Kwakwalwar wannan nau'in itace kore mai launin shuɗi da rawaya. Kuna iya ganinta a lokacin rani akan birch, alder da linden.

Ba za a kiyaye lafiyar malam buɗe ido ba daga haɗarin da ke jiranta a ɗabi'arta ta halitta ko'ina. Misali, wasps da sheƙunansu na iya kwan ƙwai a kan tabon malam buɗe ido ko jikin pupa. Kwayoyin da suke bayyana suna amfani da gabobin ciki na shaho don abinci. Haka kuma nocturnal shredder zai iya mutuwa daga magungunan kwari da mutane ke amfani dashi, da kuma yadda tsuntsaye suke cinye shi. Saboda haka, kwaro ya zama dole ya kare kansa, ta amfani da wasu lokuta sababbi. Misali, tsutsa da mai sha giya zai iya yin kwaikwayon mutuwa a saukake yayin harin tsuntsu. Af, nan ne jerin duk kwari.

A wasu lokutan ma matafirai kan dauki barazanar tsoratar da abokan gaba - gaban jikin su yana matukar tashi, kwari ya daskare a wannan matsayi. A cikin haɗarin haɗari, malam buɗe ido na hawthorn na iya lalata ciki sosai.

Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da Hogwarts

Hogweed ba kawai mai haske bane kuma mai ɗorawa. Wasu hujjoji game da wannan kwari suna birgewa:

• Mataccen kai malam buɗe ido gaskiya ne mai kutsawa cikin duniyar kwari. Mai shayarwa yana satar ƙudan zuma - ya tashi har zuwa hive ya fara wulakanci ta hanyar halayyar, sannan ya soke saƙar zuma tare da proboscis kuma ya koma kan zuma. Amma wani lokacin ƙudan zuma sun fahimci dabarar, kai hari kan ɗan fashi, ciji shi har ya mutu sannan sai mummify a cikin hive.
• Wani fasalin na jinsin - yayin hatsari sai ya fara da karfi da yaji sosai.
• A cikin minti daya, kwaro zai iya rufe nesa wanda yake sau dubu 25 fiye da jikinta.
• A lokacin Tsararru, Lilac hawthorn ya kasance abin tsoro, saboda ana ɗaukarsa azaman mutuwa ne.
• Daga Latin, an fassara sunan hawthorn ruwan inabin ("porcellus") a matsayin "alade." Daga nesa, da alama kwaro ya cika launin ruwan hoda.

Kariya na Hogwaters

Yawancin nau'o'in shaho suna birgewa, amma yawan jama'a na raguwa. Abubuwa da yawa kan haifar da wannan:

• Yawan tsuntsayen da ke ciyar da caterpillars suna ƙaruwa
• an yanke ciyawa da ciyawa,
• Ana ciyar da amfanin gona tare da abubuwa masu guba ga malam buɗe ido.

A cikin Rasha, yanayi mafi dacewa ga shaho a Transcaucasia - godiya ga yanayin sauyin yanayi, pupae na jure hunturu cikin sauƙin. A cikin Sabon littafin hawks sun shigo da baya a 1984.

A wasu yankuna inda bolaji suke kan gab da ƙarewa, ana rage amfani da kwari. Bugu da kari, yawan tsire-tsire da aka ƙone yana da iyaka, saboda suna iya samun puthon hawthorn. Wadannan hanyoyi masu sauki amma ingantacce zasu iya kiyaye bayyanar da ba a sani ba kuma suna taimakawa wajen kara yawan kyawawan halittu.

Yawan nau'ikan iri

Har zuwa yau, an san nau'ikan 1212 na hawthorn. Daga cikin su, kusan nau'ikan 50 suna zaune a Rasha. Mutane da yawa suna cikin jeri na Red Book.

Mafi yawan wakilin wakilci shine mai shayarwar giya. Wannan babbar kwari ce da ke da fikaffi 4-8. Jikin da fikafikan itacen Hawthorn an fentin su masu ruwan hoda, rawaya da zaitun.

Akwai yanayi guda uku na mai shayarwa, bambanta cikin girman jikin mutum:

• karamin barikin giya,
• matsakaita giya na giya (da aka jera a cikin Littafin Red na Belgorod Region, Karelia),
• shinge na giya yana da girma.
• Rayuwa

Yawancin jinsunan shaho ba dare ba ne, suna ɓoye cikin bishiyoyi da rana. Hogwaters suna cin furannin fure.

Kowane nau'in ya fi son shan ruwan nectar na wasu tsirrai. Wannan fasalin shine tushen takamaiman sunayensu (innabi, itacen oak, taba da sauran shaho). Babbar kwalabe ta wasu nau'ikan ba sa cin abinci kuma suna rayuwa kwanaki kalilan.

Brazhniki sune kwari na thermophilic. Yawancin nau'in jinsin suna zaune a cikin Amurka, Turai, Australia, Afirka.

A wurare masu zafi, shaho sun tashi suna haifan 'ya'yan kowace shekara. A cikin yanayin canjin yanayin canji, ɓarkewar pupae, suna ɓoye cikin ƙasa.

A lokacin rani, wasu nau'ikan sun yi ƙaura daga kudu zuwa arewa (harshe na madder, shugaban mutu). Yunkurin yin ƙaura bazai zama yanayi ba: idan yawan jama'a sun cika yawa, shaho suna neman sababbin wuraren zama.

Ci gaba

Rayuwar rayuwar shaho tana kunshe da matakai 4: kwai, tsutsa (masara), pupa, kwari. A watan Mayu-Yuni, tsoffin kudaje sun fito daga pupae. Lokacin farawa ya fara.

Ana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan aikin ta hanyar ferromones waɗanda mata suka samar don jawo hankalin maza. Ya danganta da tsawon lokacin hasken rana a lokacin bazara, malam buɗe ido yana sanya ƙwai sau 2-3.

Bayan kwanciya qwai, mata daga nau'ikan halittu suna mutuwa. Bayan kwanaki 5-10, matafila ya bayyana daga kwan. Tana aiki da ƙarfi kuma tana girma, yana manyan girma.

Sakamakon launuka masu launuka masu launuka iri daban-daban da kuma fuskoki iri iri a cikin idanun, wannan tsarin na shaho ba zai iya rikita batun ba. A ƙarshen jiki akwai girma girma. Launin launinta alama ce ta nau'in halittu.

Macizai sun juya zuwa pupae wanda ke ɓoye a cikin ƙasa. Bayan makonni 2-3, malam buɗe ido ya bayyana daga pupa. Bayan fuka-fukan sun bushe kuma suka bazu, shaho yakan tafi ya nemi abokin tarayya don haifuwa.

Mahimmanci a cikin yanayi da rayuwar mutum

Adult butterflies ne pollinators na fure shuke-shuke. Misali, Madagascar orchid ce ke daɗaɗa dabino ta Morgan Brazhnik kawai. Dogon proboscis yana ba da izinin wannan malam buɗe ido don samun nectar a cikin fure mai zurfin 30 cm.

Catan itacen ɓara-kwalaye waɗanda ke cin lia ofan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sune kwari na aikin gona da gandun daji. Yawancin ba sa haifar da lalacewa mai mahimmanci, kuma tsire-tsire suna sauƙin dawo da sauri.

Amma wasu nau'in na iya rusa manyan wuraren amfanin gona. Wadannan sun hada da taba sigari. Kwakwalwarta suna cin ganyen tumatir, barkono, taba da kwai, ta haka ne ke rage yawan amfanin gonar.

Kwatancen cotesia na Contesaga yana taimakawa wajen yaƙar su, suna kwanciya qwai a cikin masara.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

HOTO: Fata mai launin fata mai launin fata

A cikin mazaunin halitta, malam buɗe ido na haifar da zuriya a duk shekara. Hatan wasan yana ƙuƙwalwa sau biyu, wani lokacin a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi mai kyau sau uku. Haɗuwa canji yakan faru ne a cikin duhu. Yana wucewa daga minti 20-30 zuwa awoyi da yawa. A duk tsawon wannan zamanin, kwari basa yin motsi.

Lokaci guda, mace daya zata iya kwanciya har zuwa qwai 150-170. Eggwai yana zagaye da launi, yana da fararen launi tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ko kore. Qwai mafi yawanci ana sa su akan ciyayi. Bayan haka, bayan kwanaki 2-4, wani haske, tsutsa-fari mai launin fari tare da paws marasa launi sun fito daga qwai.

Kwakwalwar tana da matakai da yawa na ci gaba:

• caterpillar haske ne mai launin shuɗi, diamita na mashin bai wuce mil 12-13 ba,
• an kafa kakakin babban launi launin ruwan kasa a jikin mutum, wanda girmansa da shi ya wuce girman jiki,
• caterpillar yana ƙaruwa sosai a girma, sabbin alamu sun bayyana,
• Kakakin da aka kafa ya zama haske, mai ƙaruwa. Tatsuniyoyi da duhu duhu sukan bayyana akan sassan jikin mutum,
• girman jiki ya karu zuwa 5-6 santimita, nauyin ya kai gram 4-5,
• tsutsa cikin ƙaruwa yana ƙaruwa da girma. Weight ya kai gram 20, tsawon - har zuwa santimita 15.

Kwakwalwa sun saba dacewa don rayuwa a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Ya danganta da nau'in, suna da launi mai kamara, wanda ke ba ka damar haɗaka tare da ciyawar. Macizai na wasu nau'in suna da sihiri mai rufi, katako mai wuya, ko kuma suna iya tayar da wari mara dadi, wanda ke tsoratar da kashe tsuntsayen da sauran wakilan duniyar dabbobi masu ci.

Bayan da murhu ya tara wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki kuma ya sami isasshen nauyin jiki, yakan shiga cikin ƙasa. A nan ta pupates. A matakin dalibi, malam buɗe ido ya wanzu na tsawon makonni 2.5-3. A wannan lokacin, manyan canje-canje suna faruwa a jikin kwari. Maballin ya canza kama zuwa malam buɗe ido.Kyakkyawan malam buɗe ido ta 'yantar da kanta daga dabbar, ta yanke fuka-fukan ta, sannan ta tashi don neman abokin tarayya da ta dace don ci gaba da rayuwarta.

Maƙiyi na ƙarnuka na barkono

Hoto: asu na

Malam buɗe ido Hog yana da fewan enemiesan makiya a cikin yanayin rayuwarsa. A kowane mataki na ci gaban su, haɗari da babban barazana suna jiran su koyaushe. Babban abokan gaba sune parasites. Waɗannan sun haɗa da bututu, mahaya, da sauran nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna sa qwai a saman jikin bishiyoyi, matafiyu ko pupae. Bayan haka, tsutsa mai narkewa tana fitowa daga ƙwai, waɗanda ke ciyar da gabobin ciki na ciki, tare da haifar da mutuwarsu. Kawai cikakken kafa, m larvae bar jikin butterflies.

Hadari ga malam buɗe ido sune tsuntsaye. Ga yawancin nau'in tsuntsayen, babban abincin abinci shine matafirai, ko ma malam buɗe ido da kansu. Ko yaya, ba dukkan nau'in tsuntsayen da ke iya kamuwa da irin wannan lalata da saurin kwari ba. Ba aikin da ya gabata ba ne wajen murkushe adadin kwari da ke hannun mutum. Sakamakon aikinsa, yana amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da keɓaɓɓiyar cuta kuma yana lalata mazaunin halitta na Lepidoptera.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

HOTO: Butterfly hawthorn

Duk da ire-iren ire-iren ire-iren halittu, an sanya sunayen shaho a cikin Littafin Ruwa, kuma yawancin ire-iren wannan malam buɗe ido suna cikin Littattafai na yankin. Zuwa yau, jimlar adadin kwari ba a yin barazanar ba. Har ma an cire shi daga Littafin Lissafi na Federationungiyar Rasha. A cikin Ukraine, lambar tana ci gaba da zama barazana. A cikin wannan haɗin, an sanya shi rukuni na uku, kuma an jera shi a cikin littafin Red na ƙasar.

Abubuwa daban-daban suna ba da gudummawa ga raguwar yawan shaho a yankuna daban-daban:

• karuwa da yawan tsuntsaye,
• lura da amfanin gona da abinci tare da magungunan kwari,
• Yakan sare ciyawa da ciyawa,
• ci gaban yankuna yankuna mazaunan dabbobi.

Yanayin mafi dacewa da yawan kwari a cikin Transcaucasus. Yana da yanayin milder, sosai pupae iya jure lokacin hunturu.

A wasu yankuna, ana ganin mutuwar pupae da larvae saboda lura da ciyayi tare da magungunan kashe kwari don zalunci da dankalin turawa da dankalin turawa. Hakanan, adadi mai yawa na tsuntsaye suna ba da gudummawa ga rage lambobi, wanda gaɓoɓin shine babban tushen abinci mai gina jiki.

Kariya na Butterflies

HOTO: Fata mai launin fata mai launin fata

Brahnik malam buɗe ido an jera shi a cikin Littafin farko na USSR a 1984. A wa] annan yankuna inda yawan shaye-shaye ke fuskantar barazanar ruguzawa, ana aiwatar da aiki tsakanin ɗaliban makaranta da matasa don hana guguwar maciji da kuliyoyi.

Har ila yau ana ci gaba da aiki don iyakance amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da aka yi niyya don sarrafa kwaro. Don haɓaka yawan kwari, ana bada shawara ga shuka filaye da yankuna yankuna masu tsire-tsire waɗanda fure fure shine abincin su. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar a cikin yankuna tare da ƙaramin adadin kwari don iyakance adadin ciyayi da aka ƙone.

Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa an kafa pupae akan nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri daban-daban. A cikin yankuna masu ƙarancin shaye shaye, ana bada shawarar yanka ciyayi a cikin mosaic domin. Aiwatar da irin wannan matakan sauki ba kawai zai taimaka wajen kiyaye ba, har ma zai kara adadin

Shirye-shirye na musamman da abubuwan da aka tsara don haɓaka yawan ƙwayoyin haƙƙƙƙaran ƙwayoyi ba su wanzu. Maƙabin haɓaka Kyakkyawan malam buɗe ido wanda aka tsara don yaƙar weedy, tsire-tsire masu lahani. Tabbas, irin waɗannan halittu masu haske da baƙon abu ƙyanƙyashe ne na flora da fauna.