A cikin duniyar kifin akwatin kifaye, akwai waɗanda waɗanda, sabanin ra'ayi na rashin hankalinsu na musamman, na iya nuna halayensu, halaye da halayensu. Tabbas, kowane nau'in kifi yana da nasa fasali. Amma akwai wasu mazaunan aquariums waɗanda suka bambanta da yawancin. Ofayan waɗannan kifayen sune astronotus.
Astronotus a cikin yanayi
Kasancewar dangin cichlids, asalin taurarin sararin samaniya asalin kifi ne na daji. Amma, kamar yadda yake tare da sauran nau'in halittu, masu godiya ga kyawun sa, masoya na ichthyofauna sun yi akwatin ruwa na astronotus mazaunin. Wurin haihuwar tauraron sararin samaniya shine Kudancin Amurka, Amazon, Parana, Paraguay, Negro. Daga baya, aka kawo shi wucin gadi zuwa kasar Sin, Florida, Australia, inda ya ci nasara sosai.
Wannan babban kifi ne sosai, 35-40 cm a girma a cikin daji (a cikin akwatin kifaye, yana girma har zuwa 25 cm), don haka a cikin mahaifarta ana ɗaukarsa kasuwanci ne. Abincin Astronotus ana yaba shi sosai saboda dandano. Jikin kifin yana daɗaɗaɗɗa daga bangarorin, m a siffar tare da babban kai da idanu masu fashewa. Insaƙƙarfan tsayi ƙanana ne, babba a ciki.
Astronotuses a cikin akwatin kifaye
Kunnawa hoto na astronotus Kuna iya ganin kifin “mai ƙyalli” ne, ba kamar mazaunan yawancin akwatin kifaye ba, kuma da farko kallon sa yafi kama kifi na kasuwanci.
Amma, canza launin astronotus ya sa ya zama mai kyan gani. Launi na mutane daban-daban ya bambanta kuma ya dogara da nau'in halittu. Babban asalin na iya zama launin toka kuma ya bambanta zuwa baƙi. Babban kyautar astronotus ana ba shi ta tsintsiyar ko tabo, bazuwar akan jikin.
Launin waɗannan aibobi masu launin shuɗi-orange. Wani lokaci, kusa da wutsiya, akwai wani wuri mai zagaye, wanda yayi kama da ido sosai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake ƙara prefix - ocular - zuwa sunan astronotus. Maza suna da launuka sosai fiye da yadda mace astronotus.
Lokacin da kifi ya shirya don yankewa, babban launi na jiki ya zama duhu, ƙasa zuwa baƙi, tabo da ratsi suna ja. Gabaɗaya, duk astronotuse, duka daji da wucin gadi, sun canza launi da sauƙin yanayi cikin yanayi - kifin ya zama mai haske yayin duk wani damuwa: shin yaƙi ne mai zuwa, tsaron ƙasa ko wata rawar jiki.
A cikin hoto, ocular astronotus
Ta hanyar launin kifin, mutum zai iya tantance shekarun sa - matasa ba su da zanen zane har yanzu masu haske, kuma raunin da ya same su fari ne. Baya ga nau'ikan halitta, nau'ikan nau'ikan gashi yanzu ana bred: tiger astronotus (wani suna shine Oscar), ja (kusan kusan ja, ba tare da aibobi ba), mayafin (ƙyallen tsinkaye daban daban), albino (farin kifin tare da jan abubuwa masu ruwan shuɗi da ruwan hoda), da kuma wasu da yawa.
Siffofin kiyaye kifin astronotus
A ilimin taurari a cikin akwatin kifaye, dole a lura da wasu yanayi. Bukatar farko zata zama girman gidansu - gwargwadon girman kifin da kansu, ya zama dole a samar da wasu 'yan saman jannati tare da sararin samaniya da akalla litar 250-400.
A cikin hoto, albino astronotus
Waɗannan kifayen ba su da ɗanɗano musamman game da ruwa, zazzabi na iya zama 20-30 C⁰, acidity 6-8 pH, tsauri game da 23⁰. Har yanzu, kallon girman waɗannan kifayen, kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa sau da yawa suna buƙatar canza ruwa - canza har zuwa 30% na ƙara a mako.
Kari akan haka, ya zama dole a sanya kyakkyawan kayan kwalliya domin kada kayan kwastomomin su lalata da ruwa. Bugu da kari, 'yan saman jannati suna son yin birgima a cikin akwatin kifaye - ja pebbles, cire ciyawa, matsar da kayan ado da kayan sawa iri-iri.
Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a ƙi ƙananan bayanai, in ba haka ba dole ne a tattara su akai-akai a cikin akwatin kifaye kuma sanya su a wurin. Maimakon ƙasa, zaku iya sa manyan kabbara masu laushi a ƙasa, sanya algae ba girma amma iyo, kayan aiki suna gyara. Zai fi kyau barin ƙyalƙyali da yankan kayan adon, kamar yadda kifayen, da zarar ya fara yin wani shiri, zai sami rauni cikin sauƙi.
A cikin hoto, tiger astronotus
Wani buƙatar don akwatin kifaye shine cewa yana buƙatar a sanye shi da murfi. Tunda 'yan saman jannati suna hanzarta zuwa ruwa, kuma suna bin wani abu ko wani, suna iya tsalle tsallakewa har ƙasa.
Ofaya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa da jin daɗi ga mai shi kifin astronotus Abinda ke cikin shine cewa wannan kifin na iya tuna mai shi, yana iyo har zuwa hannayensa har ma yana bayar da jin daɗin bugun shi.
Idan mutum yana kusa da akwatin kifaye, to wannan kifin, ba kamar sauran ba, zai iya bin ayyukan mai shi, kamar dai yana sha'awar al'amuransa. Wannan halayyar hankali tana daukar hankali sosai ga masu neman ruwa da tsaki. Gaskiya ne, kuna buƙatar ciyarwa da hannuwanku a hankali, kamar yadda kifin zai iya cizo.
Yarjejeniyar Astronotus tare da sauran kifi
Da farko, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa 'yan saman jannati suna da yawa, saboda haka ba za ku iya sanya su a cikin akwatin kifaye ɗaya tare da ƙananan kifaye waɗanda zasu tafi cikin sauri ba. Zai fi dacewa, kuna buƙatar ware keɓaɓɓen akwatin kifin don 'yan saman taurarin sararin samaniya. In ba haka ba, ko da kasancewa tsakanin danginsu, kifi na iya fara tayar da hankali, musamman a lokacin damuwar.
Idan kuna da babban akwatin kifaye (daga lita 1000) a wurin ku, zaku iya ƙunsar taurari tare da wasu cichlids marasa rikice-rikice, alal misali, geophaguses. Mancin haracin metinnises na iya lalacewa. Astronotus mai jituwa tare da ƙananan tsoffin magogi, suna samun daidaituwa, kuma banda, kifin kifi yana tsabtacewa bayan waɗanda suke son haifar da lalata babban kifi.
Amma, tunda fara irin wannan unguwar, dole ne a kiyaye ƙa'idodi da yawa. Babban abu shine ƙaddamar da taurarin sararin samaniya a cikin akwatin kifaye bayan magabatan asalin sun samo tushe a can kaɗan. A kasan kana bukatar sanya shinge mai amfani da katako, sanya makullai ko wasu kayan ado wanda catfish zata iya ɓoye idan akwai haɗari.
Da kyau, ba kwa buƙatar sa a cikin kifin ruwan kifaye guda ɗaya waɗanda suke da bambanci sosai a girma. Idan an yi komai daidai, to akwatin kifayen za su fara tsabtace kansu, kuma ba lallai ne ku ciyar da Antsistrus dabam ba, tunda za su sami isasshen hutu daga teburin malamin taurari.
Abincin Astronotus
A dabi'ance su, 'yan saman jannati suna ciyar da gaba daya daban - da tsintsinya da kuma bututunsu. Kwari, larvae, tsutsotsi, tadpoles, ƙananan amphibians da invertebrates, ƙananan kifi, zooplankton, algae daban-daban.
A cikin akwatin kifaye, ana iya ciyar dasu da mayukan iska, mayukan jini, guda na nama (zai fi dacewa da ƙoshin naman nama), katako, ciyayi, naman fatar, filletin kifi (zai fi dacewa kogin kifi, kamar yadda kifin kogin zai iya kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da haɗari), shrimps, pellets food food, abinci mai girma da kuma kwamfutar hannu. Zai dace a ƙara gurasar launin gurasa, oatmeal, da ganyayyaki kore a rage cin abincin.
A cikin hoto, wani tauraron tauraron halittar tauraro
Ciyar da kullun ya kamata ya bambanta da daidaita. Ba koyaushe zaka iya ba kifaye masu kitse da abinci mai kalori sosai, in ba haka ba ba za ka iya guje wa matsaloli tare da ƙwayar gastrointestinal ba. Har ila yau, m kulawar sararin samaniya Yana nufin ranakun yin azumi, kuma suna buƙatar ciyar dasu ba sau ɗaya a rana.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rayuwar tauraron dan adam
Astronotuses fara haɓaka a shekara ta biyu na rayuwa. Wajibi ne a ciyar da kifayen da kyau don su hanzarta kai girman santimita 11-12 kuma su zama masu balaga. Idan kuna da garken tumaki, to kifayen kansu za su kasu kashi biyu kuma za su fara mamaye kowane yanki a cikin akwatin kifaye, wanda zai sami kariya daga maƙwabta. Abokan da aka ƙaddara za a iya sanya su a cikin akwatin kifayen da kuma fara tsoratar da su ta hanyar yawan zafin jiki da canjin ruwa.
Iyaye na gaba nan da nan kafin su canza launi sosai a launi kuma su zama masu haske sosai, mace mai ovipositor ta bayyana, kuma tana sanya ƙwai 500-1500 akan dutse mai tsabta a hankali ko wani shimfidar wuri.
Za'a iya barin ƙwai tare da iyayen da ke kulawa, ko a tura shi zuwa ƙaramin akwatin ruwa na musamman, a kula da kai. Bayan sa'o'i 50, larvae fara ƙyanƙyashe, wanda ya zama motsi a rana ta huɗu. Ciyar da su yana farawa da very ananan ƙananan rukunoni, sannu a hankali suna motsawa zuwa babban ciyar.
Yaran sun riga sun girma zuwa santimita uku a kowane wata. A irin wannan shekarun mai yiwuwa, ana iya sayar da shi ko rarraba shi. Farashin Astronotus ya bambanta da girman, don haka kifaye har zuwa 5 santimita kudin kimanin 500 rubles, kuma mafi girma, game da santimita 20, sun riga sun ninka goma.
'Yan saman jannati suna haɓaka da yardar rai, kimanin sau ɗaya a wata. Amma a shekara yana da daraja ɗaukar hutu na tsawon watanni 2-3. Har zuwa shekaru 10, kifin ya kasance mai ikon kiwo, kuma yana rayuwa tare da kulawa ta yadda har zuwa shekaru 15.
Bayyanar
Astronotus babban cichlid ne wanda a dabi'ance yake girma zuwa 45 cm (kuma yana nauyin nauyin 1.5). Girman yawan akwatin kifayen ya dogara da ƙarar da aka ƙunshi su, amma yawanci ɗan ƙaramin yanayi ne - 25-30 cm.
Kifin yana da jiki, mai ɗaure jiki. Fansun su girma, da ɗan elongated. Fuska da ƙoshinsu suna da alaƙa da wutsiya; ana samun nau'in "fan". Caudal fin zagaye.
Shugaban yana da girma, ya nuna, layin goshi yana convex. Bakin yana da iyaka, lebe suna da haushi, kuma ƙananan hakora suna cikin bakin. Duk waɗannan alamu suna ba mu maƙarƙashiya ta gari
Babban launi jikin yana duhu, kusan baƙi, tare da rabe-raben rabe-raben launuka masu launin ja-orange. Wasu lokuta ana shirya su a cikin layi na tsaye, suna kama da launin damisa, wanda kifin ya sami ɗaya daga cikin suna. A gindin wutsiya akwai wurin da baƙar fata ta bakin wata lemo mai zaki.
Abin ban sha'awa shine, 'yan saman jannati na yara sun bambanta da launi daban-daban daga manya. Abubuwan da aka ambata basu da launin ja-orange, amma fararen fata ne. Waɗannan launuka masu banbanci suna da kyan gani. Ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i ba. A zamanin yau, an samo nau'ikan kiwo da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta launuka da siffar jiki.
'Yan saman sararin samaniya suna cikin karnin karni na akwatin kifaye. A cikin yanayin da ya dace, kifi na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 15.
Yanayin tsarewa
Idan 'yar sama jannatin dake zaune a gidanka, yana da matukar wahala a kula da tsabta a cikin wani tafki. Wani biofilter da aka samu zai zama mai taimako a gare ku. Zai sami nasarar tsaftace akwatin kifin na ammoniya, wanda ya tara ruwa a ciki, da kuma babban kifi, wanda zai more sauran abincin makwabta tare da walwala. 'Yan saman jannati suna da matukar damuwa ga rashin isashshen sunadarin oxygen, don haka ku kula musamman don aeration da tace ruwa.
Ya isa a canza kashi na uku na ruwa sau ɗaya a mako don lafiyar lafiyar kifayen ku cikin tsari. 'Yan saman jannati basa yarda da ruwan sanyi. Don hana dabbobin ku daga rashin lafiya, kula da yawan zafin jiki na ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye tsakanin 23 -27 ° C.
Ciyar da cichlids tare da guda na live ko daskararre kifi ko karamin rai kifi biyu a rana. Astronotus babban fan ne na abinci kuma, don kada ku ciyar dashi, ku bashi abincin da zai iya ci cikin minti biyu. Kuna iya shirya kwanakin azumi. Kamar kowane tsinkaya, 'yan saman jannati kamar nama, naman saniya da zuciya.
Suna cin abinci squid, tadpoles da katantanwa, huhunan gida, kalar jini, kwari da ciyawar ciyawa. Idan baku da damar sayan abincin dabbobi, zaku iya ciyar da astronotuses tare da abinci na musamman don hawan keke. Wasu masu son kifi suna shirya abinci don nan gaba, yayin da suke adana shi a cikin injin daskarewa.
Ciyar da Astronotus
Abincin na yau da kullun na astronotuses ya haɗa da ƙananan kifi, kwari, tsutsotsi, algae. Wannan nau'in tsinkaye ne, don haka yakamata kifi ya sami ɗumbin sunadaran dabbobi masu inganci.
Tsakanin aquarists, ciyar da astronotus tare da kifi, naman sa, ciyawar ƙasa, har ma da bushe cat abinci ana yinsa sau da yawa. An ba da shawarar sosai don ciyar da Oscars tare da naman dabbobin da ke da jini (naman sa). Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kifayen basu da enzymes masu dacewa don narke waɗannan samfuran nama. Hakanan, wannan aikin yana haifar da kiba da lalata gabobin ciki. Duk wani nau'in cututtukan da aka kama a cikin yanayi (yanayin duniya, crickets) na iya ɗaukar haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kifi tare da kamuwa da cuta da cututtukan fata. Suna kuma ƙazantar da akwatin kifaye, wanda zai iya zama haɗari yayin kiyaye kifin wannan girman. A ƙarshe, duk waɗannan abincin suna da furotin gabaɗaya kuma basu yin la'akari da buƙatar kifi a cikin sauran abubuwan gina jiki.
Sabili da haka, don ciyar da astronotuses, yana da kyau a zauna akan ingantaccen bushe bushe don cichlids, alal misali, layin Tetra Cichlid.
Amfanin waɗannan ciyarwar a bayyane yake: suna da wadatar sunadarai masu inganci, masu cikakken iko, suna ɗauke da bitamin da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci. Haka kuma, suna da cikakken hadari; sun dace don adanawa da bayar da kifin.
An zaɓi abinci ne gwargwadon girman kifin.
Tetra Cichlid (XL) sandunansu sune manyan taurarin samaniya. Sandunan suna iyo a ruwa na ruwa kuma, saboda siffar su, sai su ɗauki siyayyen abincin babban kifi, yayin da suke biyan bukatun jikin mutum don cichlids a cikin abinci mai gina jiki.
Don haɓaka launi na launuka masu haske a jikin kifin, zaku iya amfani da abincin Tetra Cichlid Launi mai launi a cikin kwallaye tare da maida hankali kan carotenoids na halitta.
Astananan astronotuses na iya ba da shawarar ƙananan Tetra Cichlid Granules ko flakes don duk nau'ikan Tetra Cichlid XL Flakes cichlids.
'Yan saman jannati suna iya yawaita shafawa, saboda haka sau ɗaya a mako kifi na buƙatar ranar "azumi".
Yarbuwa
Wataƙila wani zai ƙi: “Yaya haka? Ina da asters biyar da ke rayuwa tare da sauran cichlids, kuma har ma tare da pterigoplicht!? " Haka ne, tabbas, yana yiwuwa a haɗo manyan 'yan uwa daga cikin dangi ko kuma wasu kifayen da ba za su ba laifi ga taurari ba. Amma a wannan yanayin, ya kamata ku kasance a shirye don gaskiyar cewa wata rana gwagwarmaya za ta fara. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, irin wannan lokacin yakan faru ne a lokacin balaga da kuma lokacin fitsari. Astronotuses kifi ne mai matukar tayar da hankali. Halinsu, burƙinsu baya basu damar kasancewa tare da wasu kifayen. Haka kuma, suna da tsokanar zalunci cikin wahala. Saboda haka, shawarar da ta dace zata kasance don ajiye wasu 'yan saman jannati a cikin wani nau'in akwatin kifaye na daban.
Tabbas 'yan saman jannati basa jituwa tare da ƙananan kifi Sun tsinkaye kifin gwal kamar abun ciye-ciye a kan abin sha.
Da yake magana game da daidaituwa, ya kamata kuma a faɗi cewa abubuwan da ke tattare da taurarin sararin samaniya, har ma da mafi tsirrai-tsirrai, masu matsala. A matsayin shawarar, zaku iya ba da shawarar yin ado da akwatin kifaye Anubias,cryptocorynes, echinodorus.
Iri daban-daban
Halittar sararin samaniya ya kasu kashi biyu, daga cikinsu akwai manyan abubuwa guda uku: damisa, jan astronotus da nau'in albino. Dangane da waɗannan manyan nau'ikan, sababbin nau'ikan, irin su lemon, gwal da rawaya astronotuses, har yanzu suna fitowa ta tsallaka. Hakanan nau'in albino shine sakamakon kiwo.
Tauraron tauraron dan adam yana da launi mai damisa tare da rasberi ko lemu mai zaki a jikin mai launin toka. Albino yana da jan idanu ga fararen kaya masu launin jan jini.
An zaɓi aikin zaɓi wanda ake kira "Astronotus Red Oscar" an bambanta shi da inuwa ta birki wanda baƙon abu tare da ƙashin fata kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan kyawawan launuka masu launi iri-iri. The ja Oscar ya zama sanannen godiya ga mai launin ja mai launi, wannan nau'in ya yi fice a cikin akwatin kifaye, yana yin iyo a ciki.
Rufin tauraron sama, wanda yake da dogon gashin finins, yana da fitowar da ba ta saba da kyan gani. Sakamakon aikin kiwo, sabbin kiwo, kamar shuɗi da goro na Oscars, an buge.
Cutar
Duk da ingantacciyar lafiya da juriya ga cuta, yakamata mutum yayi hankali da hana cututtuka ta hanyar magani a farkon matakin haɓaka. Mafi haɗari sune cututtukan cututtuka irin su hexamitosis, tare da raunin jiki a jikin kai da kuma kifin. Kazalika da sauran hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, fungal da cututtukan fata. A irin waɗannan halayen, kifin yana jujjuya shi ga keɓewa kuma ana bi dashi, kuma babban akwatin kifaye tare da kayan adon yana da cikakkiyar illa.
Cututtukan kamar kiba, ƙarancin bitamin, rashin isashshen gas da damuwa suna ɗaukar cutar.