An rarraba ra'ayi a gida. Yana faruwa a Yammacin Turai kudu maso kudu na 62_ arewa, yana zaune a cikin yankin Turai na Rasha, a cikin Urals, Altai da kuma a Kudancin Siberiya (zuwa Yakutia), a cikin Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Mongolia, Turkey, har ma a cikin tsaunukan Tsakiyar Asiya.
Apollo ya fi son wuraren tsaunuka. Anan ya zauna a cikin dazuzzukan pine, kusa da koguna da koguna, wani lokacin yakan tashi zuwa char. Bugu da kari, an lura da malam buɗe ido a kan ciyayin da ke cikin tsiran tsirrai da tuddai na tuddai a wani tsaunin da ya kai 2500 zuwa saman teku (a Asiya - har zuwa 3000 m). A kan filayen, ana samun ta a gefunan da farin ciki na dazuzzuka da dazuzzukan daji, har ma da abubuwan sharewa.
Menene kamarsa
Apollo shine ɗayan mashahuran ƙwallan Turai da aka sani, mafi girma a cikin irin. Fuka-fukan ya kai 7-9.5 cm kuma yana da launin shuɗi a cikin mutane waɗanda suka fito daga pupa. Kodayake malam buɗe ido mallakar iyalin sailboats ne (saurayi), ba ta da wutsiyoyi masu sifofi a fikafikan hindi - suna zagaye. Gashin baki da mace mai baki. Idanun suna da santsi, babba, sanye take da ƙananan bakuna, wanda akan sa ɗan gajeren zango. Namiji yana da fuka-fukan gaba da fari fararen fata ne, dauke da gefan gilashin gilashi da baƙi, baƙaƙun hular farare ne da idanuwa biyu masu ja, fararen fata da kuma baki. Abubuwan abubuwan alaƙa suna da ƙananan mata.
Kirji da ciki an rufe su da farin gashi. Matar Apollo tana da haske da kyan gani. Pollination a cikin fikafikansa ba shi da ƙayyadaddun sanarwa, a ƙarshen m suna translucent. Launin bango yana da ɗanɗano launin toka. An yi ado da reshe na gaba tare da guda biyar na baƙi, gefen - manyan biyu masu haske mai haske. Baƙar fata da mai sheki kusan babu gashin gashi.
Matatar caterpillar baƙar fata ce mai launi iri-iri, tana da launuka da yawa na fiska a cikin tarnaƙi, haka kuma gashin baki. Bayan ya balaga, ya kai 5 cm a tsayi, ya zama baƙar fata, kuma a kowane ɓangaren ɓangaren akwai alamun launi mai launin shuɗi-biyu da launuka biyu masu launin shuɗi-babba da ƙarami.
Rayuwa da Ilimin halitta
Haɓaka maɓuɓɓuka suna faruwa a cikin ƙarni ɗaya. Jirgin manya yana farawa a watan Yuni kuma ya ƙare a watan Agusta - Satumba. Yunkuri a cikin jirgin yana da santsi, jinkirin. Kwaro ya kan zauna akan furanni, ba tsoro, da tsakar rana. Mata sukan zauna a cikin ciyawa, kuma idan suna cikin hatsari, za su iya yin sama-sama da tafiya har zuwa nisan mil 100. Lokacin mating yana farawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban: a cikin mace - nan da nan bayan barin pupa, a cikin maza - kawai a rana ta biyu ko ta uku. Bayan ma'aurata, namiji yakan samar da babbar farfadiyar chitin (sphragis) a kasan mahaifar, wanda hakan baya fitar da maimaitawar wani namiji. Matar Apollo ta sanya kwayayen daga 80 zuwa 125, ta sanya su a cikin ɗayan biranen da ke kusa da ita ko kusa da ita. Qwai da kansu fari, kowannensu yana da ƙaramin rami a tsakiyar ɓangaren babba. Kafa caterpillars suna ciyarwa a cikin wannan kwasfa duk hunturu da ƙyanƙyashe kawai a watan Afrilu - Yuni. Caterpillar fi son yanayin rana, yayin da gizagizai ya ɓoye a cikin ciyawa. Babban tsire-tsire na mata shine nau'ikan nau'ikan dutse daban-daban (Sedum spp.), Amma zai iya cin ganye da mai tushe na wasu ganye, kamar amai (Sempervivum sp.). Pupaan murhun lemu mai zagaye da kauri, tsawon 1.8-2.4 cm.Da farko, haske ne mai launin ruwan hoda tare da translucent integuments; launuka da dama na launuka masu launin shuɗi da launin toka mai duhu mai duhu waɗanda ake gani a garesu. Bayan 'yan awanni kaɗan, pupa ya yi duhu kuma ya rufe da murfin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. A wannan matakin cigaba, Apollo yana daga mako daya zuwa uku.
Malam buɗe ido ya sami takamaiman sunan sa don girmamawa ga tsohuwar allahn Helenanci kyakkyawa da haske - Apollo. An san nau'in jinsin ta bambancin mai ban mamaki. Ya bayyana fiye da 600 intraspecific siffofin da ba su da bayyananniyar ma'anar, kuma sama da 10 kasashe da suka bambanta a cikin abubuwan da tsarin a kan fikafikai.
An shigar da shi a cikin littafin Aljihu
Kaman ba shi da sabawa ta musamman ga matsaran nesa, don haka bacewarsa a kowane bangare na yawanci ba za'a iya warware shi ba. Babban dalilin raguwar lambobi shine lalata yanayin rayuwa (bayan lalatattun ƙasashe, faɗuwar bazara, fitar da gefuna). A cikin Turai, dumamar dumamar yanayi ta kuma shafi mummunan tasirin. Thaws a cikin hunturu suna ba da gudummawa ga farkon farkawa da haifar da kyankyasar su daga bawo kwai tun kafin ciyarwar ta bayyana kuma an tabbatar da yanayin dumin yanayi mai ƙarfi.
Rarrabawa
Mulkin: dabbobi (Animalia).
Nau'i: arthropods (Arthropoda).
Fasali: kwari (Insecta).
Squad: Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera).
Iyali: jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu (Papilionidae).
Jinsi: Parnassius
Duba: Apollo (Parnassius apollo).
Asalin suna
Abin da ya sa aka sanya sunan malam buɗe ido na Apollo da sunan allahn haske na Girka, malamin fasaha da kuma jagoran masara tara, yanzu ba wanda zai ce tabbas. Zamu iya gina tunanin mu kawai akan wannan maki. Malam buɗe ido yana da kyau sosai. Babban, haske a launi, ana iya ganin sa daga nesa. Ya fi son filayen tuddai. Wataƙila an ba ta suna bayan ɗayan alloli ne saboda kyawunta da gaskiyar cewa tana ƙaunar zama kusa da rana.
Malam buɗe ido Apollo: bayanin rayuwa da rayuwa
A cikin yaren bushewar kimiyya, Apollo rana ce ta gidan malam buɗe ido na jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu (Papilionidae). Cikakken suna - Apollo Sailboat (Parnassius apollo). Apollo malam buɗe ido yana da kyan gani sosai - yana da fikafikan fuka-fukai masu launin fari ko launin fata, an yi musu ado da manyan aibobi. A kan fikafikan gaba suna da baki. Wadanda suke da baya suna da launin ja tare da baki mai iyaka. Wannan shi ne mafi girma a labalaba a Turai ta Rasha. Fuka-fukan cikin ta na iya kaiwa santimita 9-10.
Habitat - filayen tsaunuka masu cike da hasken rana, filin makiyaya da gangara na Turai, Ukraine, Urals, Siberiya, Caucasus, Tien Shan, Kazakhstan da Mongolia. Lokacin bayyanar yana daga watan Yuli zuwa Satumba. Apollo malam buɗe ido fi son manyan furanni na oregano, allahn, yana son nau'ikan Clover daban-daban. Apollo kiwo kusan yanzu bayan fitowar pupae. Mace ta sanya har ƙwai 120, kowannensu akan tsire-tsire na ɗanɗano. Har ila yau, mahaɗan Apollo sun kasance kyawawa sosai. Baƙi, kamar dai karammiski, an yi wa ado da layuka biyu na aibi-lemo mai haske, suna da ban sha'awa sosai. Maballin ya ci ganyayen mayuka na dutse, irin kabeji.
Matashin makarantar apollo yana tsawon makonni 1-3. Sannan wani sabon malam buɗe ido ya fito daga ciki.
Irin wannan Apollo daban-daban
Kwaro yana da matukar ban sha'awa ga masu ilimin halitta game da cewa yana da ɗimbin yawa iri. A yau, akalla nau'ikan Apollo 600 an san su.
Parnassius mnemosyne girgije Apollo, ko mnemosyne, yana ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan nau'in halittu. Fuskokin farin dusar ƙanƙara, masu haske gaba ɗaya a gefunan, an yi musu ado ne kawai da farar fata. Wannan ya sanya malam buɗe ido abin mamaki. Sunansa na biyu shine baki mnemosyne, tunda ana fentin shi kawai a cikin launuka biyu - fari da baki.
Arctic Apollo malam buɗe ido (Parnassius arcticus) wani kyakkyawan jinsi ne. Yana zaune a tundra dutsen a cikin yankin Yakutia da Yankin Khabarovsk. An kuma samo ta a yankin Magadan. Fuka-fukan suna farare da kananan baƙar fata. Abin ban sha'awa shine, shuka Gorodkova corydalis shine dabino ga duka garin sikandire da mahaifa na Arctic Apollo. Ba a yin nazarin ilimin ilimin halittar wannan nau'in saboda matsanancin ƙarancinsa.
Malam Apollo malam buɗe ido: gaskiya mai ban sha'awa da bayanai
Yawancin wannan kwaro ya gamsu da yawancin mashahuran masu bincike da masana kimiyyar halitta waɗanda suka bayyana shi cikin shahararrun lafuzan. Wani ya kwatanta jirgin Apollo da waƙoƙin motsi, wasu sun kira shi alherin mazaunin Alps.
Da yamma, malam buɗe ido ya gangara ya ɓoye cikin ciyawa da dare. A cikin haɗari, da farko yana ƙoƙari ya tashi, amma yana da matukar m, saboda yana tashi da kyau. Bayan ya fahimci cewa jirgin ba zai sami ceto ba, sai ya shimfiɗa fikafikansa ya fara shafa musu ƙarfi, yana ji da kararrawa. Don haka ta yi kokarin tsoratar da makiyin ta. Duk da suna da malam buɗe ido, wanda ba ya tashi sosai, a cikin neman abinci kwaro na iya tashi kilomita 5 a kowace rana. Arctic Apollo yana zaune a kan iyakar ƙasa inda dusar ƙanƙara ba ta taɓa narkewa. Kuma Parnassius hannyngtoni shine babban malam buɗe ido na labaren mazaunin Himalayas, a tsawan sama da mita 6000 sama da matakin teku.
Barazanar lalata ƙwararrun malam buɗe ido a cikin Rasha da Turai
A tsakiyar karni na 20, Apollo ya ɓace gaba ɗaya a cikin yankunan Moscow, Smolensk, Tambov. A kusan dukkan ƙasashe mazaununanta, an buɗe littafin malam buɗe ido a cikin littafin nan mai suna Red Book a matsayin nau'in haɗari. Akwai dalilai da yawa don ɓacewar Apollo. Da farko dai, wannan shine lalata wuraren abinci da mutane sukeyi. Wani dalili shine ƙarancin ƙarancin kayan kwandon malam buɗe ido. Zasu iya cin dutse kawai. Bugu da kari, suna da kwazo da kulawa sosai ga rana. Suna cin abinci ne kawai idan rana tayi haske. Da zaran ya wuce gajimare - komai, sai mahaukatan suka ki sauka daga ƙasa har zuwa ƙasa.
Babban malam buɗe ido yana bayyane sosai a kan tsaunin tuddai. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, Apollo baya tashi da kyau. Yana yin wannan kamar ba tare da so ba, ba kawai ango ya buɗe fikafikan sa ba kuma sau da yawa yana durƙushe ƙasa don hutawa. Saboda haka, yana da sauƙi ga ɗan adam.
Yanzu haka ana kankama don dawo da yawan mutanen Apollo, amma har zuwa yanzu ba su kawo wani sakamako mai mahimmanci ba. Domin malam buɗe ido ya tsaya ana ɗaukarsa wani nau'in dake cikin haɗari, ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar bangarorin ciyarwa na musamman da wasu yanayin rayuwa don ita.
Bayanin
Launin fuka-fuki na tsohuwar malam buɗe ido ya bambanta da fari zuwa kirim mai haske. Kuma bayan wasan kwaikwayon daga rago, launin fuka-fukan fikafikan Apollo mai launin rawaya. A kan fikafikan sama sama da yawa duhu (baƙi) aibobi. A kan ƙananan fuka-fukan akwai ƙananan wuraren da aka zagaye da launin duhu, kuma ƙananan fuka-fukan an zagaye su da sifa. Jikin malam buɗe ido an rufe shi da ƙananan gashi. Kafafu sun yi gajarta, kuma an rufe shi da wasu ƙananan gashi kuma suna da launi mai tsami. Idanun suna da girma sosai, suna mamaye da yawancin gefen gefen kan gaban. Antennae suna da kamannin kulab.
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Hankalin malam buɗe ido na Apollo ya kasance babba. Yana da launi mara kyau tare da launuka masu haske mai haske-orange a ko'ina cikin jiki. Hakanan a ko'ina cikin jiki akwai gashin da suke kare shi daga masu farauta.
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Habitat
Zaku iya haɗuwa da wannan ƙyalli mai walƙiya mai ban mamaki tun daga farkon Yuni har zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta. Babban mazaunin Apollo shine tsaunin tudu (galibi akan ƙasa-ƙasa) na ƙasashen Turai da yawa (Scandinavia, Finland, Spain), makiyaya na Alpine, tsakiyar Rasha, kudancin Urals, Yakutia, har zuwa Mongolia.
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Abin da ke ci
Apollo tsohuwar malam buɗe ido ce, babban aikinta shine tsakar rana. Babban malam buɗe ido, kamar yadda ya cancanci malam buɗe ido, ya ci ƙoshin furanni. Babban abincin ya ƙunshi nectar na furanni na Cirsium, Clover, marjoram, godson gama gari da masara. A cikin neman abinci, malam buɗe ido na iya tashi sama da kilomita biyar a rana.
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Kamar yawancin malam buɗe ido, abinci mai gina jiki yakan faru ne ta hanyar daskararre proboscis.
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Maballin wannan malam buɗe ido yana cin ganye kuma yana da yawan sha. Nan da nan bayan kyankyasar, sai garin matafila ya fara ciyarwa. Bayan cinye duk ganye a kan shuka, yana motsawa zuwa na gaba.
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Abokan halitta
Apollo malam buɗe ido yana da 'yan abokan gaba a cikin daji. Babban barazanar ya fito daga tsuntsaye, wasps, mantises, frogs da dragonflies. Hakanan, gizo-gizo, da masu-jita, da shinge, da beraye suna haifar da barazana ga malam buɗe ido. Amma irin wannan adadi mai yawa na abokan gaba yana rama shi da launi mai haske, wanda ke ba da rahoto game da haɗarin kwaro. Da zaran Apollo yaji hatsarin, sai ya fadi a kasa, ya shimfida fikafikan sa kuma ya nuna launinta na kariya.
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Wani maƙiyi don ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyi shine mutum. Lalacewa mazaunin Apollo yana haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a.
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Bayanin ilimin ɗan adam na jinsin
Apollon Butterfly (Parnassiusapollo) nasa ne na al'adar Parnassius na dangi Sailboats. Takamaiman sunan ya fito ne daga sunan Apollo, kyakkyawan allahn littafin almara na Girka, ɗan Zeus da ɗan'uwan Artemis. Rana rana tare da fuka-fuki na 60-90 mm shine mafi girman nau'ikansa. Babban launi na fikafikan fata fari ne;
A gaban fikafikan maza akwai nunannun fari 5 masu launin baki, a fuka-fukan hular akwai farar fata masu launin fata tare da farin cibiyar. Matar tana da launi mai haske. Matasa manya da suka bar pupae cocoon suna da fikafikai masu launin shuɗi. Jikinta ya cika da kauri. Idanun suna da girma, convex, kamar-tendrils na ƙungiyar. Zane akan fikafikan ɗakin ɗakin ɗumbin ruwan Apollon yana da zaɓuɓɓuka kusan 600. Ko da a yanki ɗaya, rarraba aibobi ya bambanta a cikin yankuna daban-daban.
Bayanai. Duk da cewa Apollos dangin sailboats ne, basu da wutsiyoyi a fikafikan hular baya.
Kiwo
Mazan Apollo sun fara neman abokin tarayya kwana 2-3 bayan da suka fito daga pupa. Sukan tashi daga wani tsauni mai tsayi sama da gangara, suna neman sabbin matan da aka haifa. Bayan hadi, mace ta sanya kwai daya a lokaci guda, ta sanya su a wasu sassa na amfanin ciyarwar ko a gona kusa da shuka. Haihuwa shine guda 80-100. Naman ƙwai na ɓoye, a cikin abin da igiyar ciki ke shirin fitowar ta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Bayan haduwa da mace, an samar da sphragis a kasan mahaifar ta - wani tsaurin kayan chitin ne. Wannan shine “hatimi” wanda ke hana sake haifuwa ta wani namiji.
Kwakwalwa
A watan Afrilu-Mayu, an kawo wani kumurfi. A farkonta, bakinta ce, fararen fata a sassan jikin mutum da gashin baki. Maƙallan balagaggu baƙaƙe ne. Dogo biyu masu haske mai haske masu duhu suna wucewa ta jiki. A kowane bangare, warts masu launin shuɗi biyu. Yana ciyarwa a cikin yanayin rana, a cikin kwanaki masu duhu yana lulluɓe cikin ciyawa mai bushe. Ciyar da tsire-tsire - iri daban daban na dutse: fararen fari, shunayya, caustic, tenacious. A cikin Alps suna ciyar da ciyawa matasa.
Bayanai. Abun cinkoson jirgin ruwan Apollo yana da baƙin ƙarfe mai kama da ƙaho, wanda ke bayyana idan akwai haɗari daga bayan kai. Wannan osmetry ne, tare da taimakonsa wari mara dadi yana baza.
Macijin daji ya zauna a ƙasa, yana kwance a murhun katako. Pupa mai kauri ne, launin ruwan kasa. Bayan wasu 'yan awanni, sai ya zama an rufe shi da kayan alkama. Matsayin dalibi ya kasance har sati biyu.
Ra'ayi mai dangantaka
Apollon Phoebus (Parnassiusphoebus) - malam buɗe ido daga almara Parnassius. A launi, ya yi kama da na Apollo na yau da kullun, amma babban launi na fikafikan ba fararen fata bane, amma kirim. Fuskokin fuka-fukan an ɗan haɗa su da sashin ɓoye baƙar fata. Gefen waje na fuka-fukann na gaba ya zama m. A gindin fikafikan hindatu wata ƙungiya mai duhu. Maza suna da maki biyu na bakin ciki tare da baki mai buɗe baki a jikin fikafikan huɗu;
Jirgin ruwan jirgi na Phoebe yana dauke da fuka-fuki na 50-60 mm. Don mazaunin maza, nau'in ya zaɓi yanki mai tsaunuka, wanda aka samo a cikin Alps, Urals, a cikin tsaunukan Kazakhstan, Siberiya, Far East, Arewacin Amurka. Malam buɗe ido ya haɓaka a cikin ƙarni ɗaya, yana zaune a cikin ciyawar mai zurfi, cikin tundra. Jirgin saman teku ya hau tsauni a tsawan 1800-2500 m sama da matakin teku.
Mace kan sanya ƙwai a kan gansakuka ko ƙasa kusa da ciyawar fure tare da radila mai ruwan hoda. Amfrayo suna farawa tun farkon yanayin sanyi, amma zuriya basa barin ƙwaiyensu har sai lokacin bazara. Caterpillars sun haɗu har zuwa mm 48, launin launi baki, launin rawaya a gefan. Haɓakawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 25-30. Pupation a cikin bakin ciki rafta.Manya sun tashi daga Yuli zuwa Agusta. Apollo Phoebe sannu a hankali yana raguwa cikin lamba. Malam buɗe ido ya faɗa cikin littafin nan mai suna "Red Book of IUCN", na Komi Republic.
Iyakan abubuwan
Maƙasudin buɗe ido suna da alaƙa da mazaunan. Ba sa ƙoƙarin neman wurare masu dacewa don rayuwa, suna motsawa a kan nesa. Rayuwa ta katsewa tayi mummunan tasiri game da adadin kwari. Rushewar halittun halittun da ke haifar da mutuwar Afolos. Daga cikin abubuwanda suke kara dagula yanayin zama:
- furannin ciyawa da ciyawa,
- Tsoro da ciyayi da farin ciki ta hanyar shanu,
- yin noma
- wuce gona da iri da itatuwa.
Ofayan abin da yasa yawan mutuwar insectsan kwari shine dumamar yanayi a duniya. Increasearuwar zafin jiki a cikin hunturu yana haifar da fitowar hanyoyin waƙoƙi daga ƙwai. Kabarin da ya bayyana basu da abin ci, suna mutuwa saboda yunwar da sanyi.
Matakan tsaro
Unionungiyar Internationalasa da ke Kula da Yanayi, Parnassiusapollo ta amince da ita, wacce ke fuskantar barazanar lalata ta yayin da ake ci gaba da samun bunƙasar inanyen bishiyoyi. An jera shi a cikin Jerin Rayi na IUCN. An lura da raguwar adadin kwari a kasashe da dama na Turai. Sailboat Apollo yana cikin Littafin Red na Ukraine, Belarus, Norway. Sweden, Jamus. A Rasha, malam buɗe ido kuma ya sami kariya a matakin jihar da kuma a kowane yanki.
Don kiyaye Apollo gama gari, ya zama dole a fadada da kuma kiyaye wuraren zama na dogon lokaci na gidan malam buɗe ido. An ba da shawarar dakatar da yin huɗa ƙasa, dasa tsire-tsire na zuma ga manya da kuma dutse na katako.
Ina suke zama?
Tabarabar wannan nau'in suna rayuwa ne musamman a arewacin hemisphere na duniya. Suna da yawa a cikin babban ɓangare na Eurasia - daga Spain zuwa Mongolia da kudancin Siberiya. Kuna iya haɗuwa da su duka a kan tudu mai kyau, da cikin tsaunika. Fiye da sau ɗaya, an lura da malam buɗe ido na Apollo a cikin tsaunukan Tien Shan, Caucasus, Urals, tsaunukan Kudancin Scandinavia da sauran Turai.
Kwaro bai hau tsayi da yawa kuma yana zaune a ƙalla tsawon mita 2000-3000. Maƙasasshe ya fi son ciyawar ciyawa da kwari, busassun wuraren bushewa, wurare masu faifai da filawoyi da rana, gefuna da share abubuwa.
A yau, nau'in ya zama ƙasa da kullun kuma yana cikin masu rauni. Wataƙila, ba a share dogon lokaci ba game da malam buɗe ido na Apollo daga littafin Red. An lalata wuraren rayuwarta na rashin tausayi: makiyaya da kwari sun zama filaye, gefuna da murna suna zama filaye. Don dakatar da lalata nau'in halittu, kuna buƙatar dakatar da lalata al'aura na al'ada, dasa shi akan murnar al'adun da kwari suke ci.
Fasalin halayen
Apollo malam buɗe ido fi son bushewa da tsayayyen yanayi. Babban aikinsa yana bayyana a farkon rabin rana har zuwa tsakar rana; a wasu lokuta, yana iya ɓoye a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi. Ta tashi a hankali, a hankali tana motsawa daga wannan fure zuwa waccan. Yana ciyar da kan nectar na Clover, marjoram, gingerbread, Cartesian cloves da sauran tsire-tsire.
Maƙasai suna da maƙiyan halitta da yawa: tsuntsaye, shinge, ƙwanƙwasa, lizards, kwaɗi, mantises, wasps, gizo-gizo da dodo. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa kewaye Apollo saboda yawan guba. Duk wanda ya yi yunƙurin kusanci, jan tabarau mai haske tabbas zai faɗakar da shi game da wannan. Yayin haɗari, nan da nan malam buɗe ido ya faɗi ƙasa kuma ya shimfida fikafikan sa, yana nuna launi mai faɗa. Don sakamako mafi girma, tana kama fuka-fukan ta da kawayenta, tana fitar da wani tsoratarwa mai firgitawa, wanda ke ba da bayyananniyar sigari don kar ya kusanta.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Apollo ya cancanci ya zama sanannun kyawawan samfurori na malam buɗe ido a Turai - mafi kyawun wakilan dangin Sailing. Kwaro yana da matukar ban sha'awa ga masu ilimin halitta game da cewa yana da ɗimbin yawa iri.
A yau, akwai kimanin nau'ikan 600. Bayanin Apollon Labari: fuka-fukan gaba suna fari, wani lokacin cream, a launi tare da gefuna m. Tsawon ya kai santimita huɗu.
Abubuwan da aka yiwa fata ado an kawata su da launuka masu haske ja da lemu mai haske tare da fararen cibiyoyin, wani yanki ne mai duhu, kamar yadda aka gani hoto. Butterfly apollo yana da fuka-fuki na 6.5-9 cm. Akwai eriyoyi biyu a kai tare da na'urori na musamman waɗanda ke jin jin abubuwa daban-daban.
Idanun suna da rikitarwa: santsi, babba, tare da ƙananan tubercles tare da setae. Kafafu suna da launi mai tsami, na bakin ciki da gajeru, an rufe su da kananan villi. Yarda da gashin kai. Baya ga yadda aka saba, akwai malam buɗe ido baki apollo: matsakaici a girma tare da fuka-fukan firam har zuwa santimita shida.
Mnemosyne ɗayan nau'ikan ban mamaki ne tare da fuka-fukan farin-dusar ƙanƙara, mai cikakken haske akan gefuna, an yi wa ado da baƙar fata. Wannan canza launin yana sa malam buɗe ido ya zama mai daɗi da kyau.
Waɗannan wakilan suna cikin umarnin Lepidoptera. Podaliria da Machaon suma dangin danginsu ne a cikin Sailing. Akwai matakai masu yawa (dovetail) a jikin fikafikan wadannan nau'in.
A cikin hoto, malam buɗe ido Apollo Mnemosyne
Malam buɗe ido yana zaune a cikin tsaunuka a kan ƙasa na ƙasa, a cikin kwari a ƙarshen nisan mil biyu daga matakin teku. Mafi yawanci ana samun su a Sicily, Spain, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Alps, Mongolia da Russia. Wasu nau'ikan marubutan garin barkono da ke zaune a cikin Himalayas suna rayuwa a tsawan sama da 6000 sama da matakin teku.
Kyawun yanayi mai ban sha'awa da kuma wani kyakkyawan ra'ayi shine Arctic Apollo. Maƙasai yana da tsawon reshe na gaba na 16-25 mm. Yana zaune a cikin tundra dutse tare da ciyayi mara kyau da kuma sparse, a cikin Khabarovsk Territory da Yakutia, a cikin yanki kusa da gefuna na dusar ƙanƙara.
Wani lokacin yakan ƙaura zuwa wuraren da larch ke tsiro. Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin hoto, Arctic Apollo yana da fuka-fukan fuka-fukai tare da kunkuntar baƙar fata. Tunda halittar ke da wuya, da kyar aka karance shi.
Hoto mai ɗaukar hoto na Arctic Apollo
Kwakwalwa da pupae
Ya danganta da yanayin yanayi a yankin, mahaukatan Apollo sun bayyana a watan Afrilu ko Mayu. Matasa mutane suna fentin baƙi da farin aibobi. Yayin da suke girma, sun rasa fata har sau biyar, suna samun launin baƙar fata mai launi iri biyu na launuka masu haske. Dukkanin murushin an rufe shi da gashin baki mai tsawo, kuma kowane bangare akwai warts guda biyu na inuwar shuɗi mai duhu.
Suna ciyar da ganyayyaki na dutse mai ƙarfi, suna cin sa da yawa don samun ƙarfi. Kamar abinci, su ma dacewar dutsen-girma, girma a cikin Altai, da ƙarami. Lokacin da tsoho ya girma ya sami isasshen ƙarfi, zai fara farawa. Tsarin canji yana faruwa a cikin ƙasa kuma yana ɗaukar awanni da yawa. Kocin launin ruwan kasa ya lullube da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi kuma yana kwance cikin tsawan tsawan sati biyu har sai da cikakken wanda ya balaga ya fito daga ciki.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Masana ilimin halitta, matafiya da masu bincike a koyaushe sun bayyana kyawun wannan nau'in kwalabar kwalliya a cikin mafi shahararrun kalmomin mawaƙan launuka, suna ɗaukar ikonsa na motsa fuka-fukan sa. Hanyar Apollo Lokacin aiki, da dare kuma yakan ɓoye a cikin ciyawa.
A lokacin da yaji hatsarin, yayi yunƙurin tashi sama don ɓoye, amma yawanci, tunda yana tashi da mugunta, yana aikatawa mara kyau. Koyaya, sunan mara kyau na mai tashi bai hana ta neman abinci ba har zuwa kilomita biyar a rana.
Ana samun wannan malam buɗe ido a cikin watanni na bazara. Kwaro yana da sifofi mai ban mamaki na kariya daga maƙiyansa. Abubuwan da suke bayyana a cikin fikafikanta suna tsoratar da mafarautan da suke daukar launi a matsayin mai dafi, saboda haka tsuntsayen ba sa cin duri.
Abokan gaba masu tsoratarwa da launinta, a additionari, Apollos suna yin saƙo mai kama da suturu tare da theiran uwansu, wanda ke ƙara haɓaka sakamako, yana sa abokan gaba su yi hattara da waɗannan kwari. A yau, yawancin kyawawan ƙwayoyin malam buɗe ido suna fuskantar nau'i.
Yawancin lokaci ana samun Apollo a cikin mazauninsa na yau da kullun, duk da haka, saboda farautarsu, adadin kwari yana raguwa da sauri. A tsakiyar karni na karshe, malam buɗe ido ya ɓace gaba ɗaya daga yankunan Moscow, Tambov da Smolensk. Mawaka suna jan hankalin adon marubuta da kyawawan abubuwan heyday.
Bugu da kari, yawan ƙwayoyin buɗe ido suna cikin mawuyacin hali sakamakon lalata wuraren abinci na mutane. Wata matsalar ita ce tsinkayen masifar ga rana da kuma abinci a cikin abinci mai gina jiki.
Musamman ma an rage adadin wannan nau'in kwari a cikin kwaruruka na Turai da Asiya. A Littafin janmalam buɗe ido apollo an shigar dashi a cikin kasashe da yawa saboda yana cikin matukar bukatar kariya da kariya.
Ana ɗaukar matakai don dawo da ƙurar kwari mai raguwa: yanayin rayuwa na musamman da bangarorin abinci an ƙirƙiri. Abin takaici, har ya zuwa yanzu abubuwan ba su da wani sakamako.
Mnemosyne
Mnemosyne, ko apollo mai baƙar fata, shima yana cikin halittar Parnassius. Yana zaune a Tsakiyar Asiya da Turai, yana zaune a Iran, Turkiya, da Afghanistan. Yana faruwa a cikin yankin Turai na Rasha har zuwa Urals.
Hanyar rayuwa, girma da tsarin mnemosyne yayi kama da na Apollo talakawa. Koyaya, har yanzu akwai wasu bambance-bambance. Baƙar fata Apollo mai launin fenti fari ne, wanda ruwan hoda mai duhu yana iya gani sarai. Endsarshen fikafikann na gaba ya kasance sarai, kuma tare da gefansu akwai farar fata biyu zagaye. An rufe ɓangaren ciki na baya tare da filli da zane a cikin launin toka mai duhu. Mnemosyne matafilai sune baki tare da layuka biyu na rawaya ko ja. Suna ciyarwa takamaiman a kan m crested da m crested.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Abubuwan da ke tattare da waɗannan ƙwayoyin ganye suna da yawan cin abinci. Kuma da zaran sun fara kyan gani, nan da nan za su fara cin abinci mai ƙarfi. Amma suna ɗokin ganyayyaki da sha'awa, kusan keɓaɓɓen kayan dutse da waɗanda suka tsira, suna yin wannan da mummunar haɗama. Da cin dukkan ganyayyaki a shuka, nan da nan suka bazu ga sauran.
Bakin bakin macijin yayi nau'in hura wuta, kuma jaws suna da karfi sosai. Saurin shawo kan shan ganyayyaki, suna neman sababbi. Katako na Arctic Apollo, waɗanda aka haife su a yankuna masu ƙarancin damar abinci, suna amfani da itacen Gorodkova corydalis a matsayin abinci.
Insectswararrun kwari suna ciyar da, kamar duk man shanu, a kan nectar na tsire-tsire masu fure. Tsarin yana faruwa tare da taimakon proboscis karkace, wanda, lokacin da malam buɗe ido yake ɗaukar furannin fure, an shimfiɗa shi kuma ya buɗe.
Apollo Eversmann
Ana samun waɗannan baƙin ƙarfe a yankin Asiya na Eurasia da kuma Arewacin Amurka. Suna zaune ne a Gabashin Gabashin Rasha, a Siberiya, Mongolia, Japan da Alaska. Hakanan zaka iya ganin su a Tsibirin Shantar a Tekun Okhotsk.
Shekaru biyu na Apollo Eversman yana haɓaka shekaru biyu. Mutane manya suna da fikafikan translucent, ana zanen su da launin rawaya. Fuskokinsu masu duhu ne kuma a bayyane suke a kan gaba ɗaya. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da fuka-fukan gaba an kawata su da wani tsarin ratsi mai launin toka. A kan fikafikan hanji guda biyu akwai aibobi biyu masu launin shuɗi tare da bugu na baki.
Apollo Nordmann
Wannan nau'in malam buɗe ido mai suna Apollo mai suna ne bayan masanin binciken dabbobi na Rasha Nordmann Alexander Davidovich. Yankakinta yana da kunkuntar kuma ya ƙunshi kawai subalpine da Alpine na tsaunukan Caucasus, kazalika da iyakar Turkiyya a arewa maso gabas.
'Yan kwalliyar manoma suna zane da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da jijiyoyin duhu. A saman gefuna na gaban fuka-fukan suna translucent. Tare da gefen akwai bakin ciki biyu. Kyawawan fikafikan na baya suna yin ado tare da bulo biyu da baƙar fata. A ciki akwai sanadin fitar da launin toka.
Bayyanar
Fuka-fukan fuka-fukan fari ne, m ko launi mai tsami, gefuna suna da gaskiya. Kimanin tsawon fikafikan gaba shine cm 4 akan kowane reshe na baya akwai launin rawaya ko lemo a cikin da'irar baki tare da tsakiyar cibiyar. A cikin maza, ƙirar tana da ƙanƙanta fiye da na mace.
Girman fuka-fukan yana daga cm 7 zuwa 9. A saman kai akwai ƙananan fararen eriya masu ɗauke da baki. Su ne babban ɓangaren taɓawa da taimaka wa malam buɗe ido don kewaya.
Manyan idanu baki. A kan gajeren wando mai launin fata mai launin fata, da kyar ana ganin villi. Gajerun gashi kuma suna girma akan ciki.
Kafin canji, masarautar tana da launi na baki tare da farin facin. Duk jikin mutum bundan karamar gashi ne. Tsoffin tsufa sun kai 5 cm a tsayi. Suna da wando mai duhu mai duhu a kowane gefe, ɗaya a lokaci guda, har ma da ja 2 masu launin ja, ɗaɗɗaɗa fiye da ɗayan.
Jin kai da salon rayuwa
Ana iya samun Apollo a lokacin rani. Wannan nau'in ya fi son jagorantar rayuwar yau da kullun, kuma barci da dare a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi. Idan malam buɗe ido yana jin haɗari, nan da nan sai ya bushe. Koyaya, yana tashi, da mamaki, da ƙarfi da kuma rashin nasara. Kodayake, lokacin neman abinci, ta sami damar shawo kusan 5 kilomita.
Tsuntsayen ba sa cinyewa a jikin malam buɗe ido Apollo saboda yaudara mai launi. Abubuwan da suke faruwa ja kamar suna nuna cewa kwaro ne mai guba (wannan ba haka bane), kuma masu tsinkayen suna gujewa hulɗa da malam buɗe ido. Kari akan haka, Apollo ya kakkabe kafafunsa da juna, yayi kalamai masu ban tausayi wanda har ya tsoratar da tsuntsayen.
Lambar
Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan malam buɗe ido, hanya ɗaya ko wata, suna cikin nau'in jinsin masu haɗari. Hakanan ana iya faɗi game da Apollo. A cikin mazauna, ana samun yawancin mutane, amma ana kama su da yawa. Saboda wannan, wannan nau'in yana fuskantar cikakkiyar nau'i. Mawaka da masu tattara suna jawo hankalin kyawawan fuka-fukan. A karni na ƙarshe, ƙirar malam buɗe ido Apollo ta kusan ɓacewa a yawancin ɓangarorin Rasha da ke zaune. A Turai da Asiya, an rage yawan kwari.
Bugu da kari, abubuwan da ke tattare da rashin lafiyar mutum na dauke da babban hatsari ga yalwar wannan nau'in. Mutum yana lalata bangarorin abinci, kuma mutane basu da abinci. Apollo ma yana da hankali sosai game da haskoki na rana, daga abin da yake ɓoyewa a cikin ciyawa.
A yawancin ƙasashe inda malam buɗe ido Apollo ke zaune, an jera wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Rubutu. A yanzu, masana halittu suna iya bakin kokarinsu don hana cikakkiyar bacewar kwari. An kirkiro wuraren kiwon lafiya, yawan filaye na haɓaka. Koyaya, duk matakan da ke sama ba su kawo sakamako mai mahimmanci ba.
A halin yanzu, a wasu yankuna na Rasha, inda yawancin mutane na Apollo suka rayu a rayuwa, da wuya a sami wannan malam buɗe ido. A duniyar zoology, labarai lokaci-lokaci yana nuna cewa an hango kwaro na wannan nau'in a yankuna daban-daban. An dauki matakin nan da nan a karkashin ikon masana ilimin halitta. Suna nazarin nau'in halittu, suna ba da gudummawa ga haifuwarta kuma suna ƙaruwa da yawan jama'a.
Abincin abinci
Caterpillars suna yawan cin abinci sosai. Da zaran sun haife su, nan da nan fara cin abinci. Jaaƙƙarfan jaws suna cin ganye sosai. Idan mahaukacin bai sami ganye ba, yana iya cin insectsan ƙananan kwari da tsutsarsu.
Bayan ya juya cikin malam buɗe ido, Apollo, kamar sauran kwari na wannan nau'in, yana cin ƙoshin fure. Don yin wannan, yana da proboscis karkace, wanda a cikin ciyarwa ba a suturta shi da leveled kai tsaye.
Hanyar yaduwa
Apollo malam buɗe ido ke kiwon cikin bazara. Mace sun sanya ɗaruruwan ƙananan ƙwai kan ganye. Dukkaninsu suna zagaye a cikin siffa tare da diamita na 2 mm. Kiyayya yana faruwa a watan Afrilu - Yuni. Launin larvae yana da baki tare da ɗigon ruwan lemo ko'ina cikin jiki.
Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, aiwatar da abinci mai gina jiki ya fara nan da nan. Wannan ya faru ne saboda canji na gaba, aiwatarwarsa na buƙatar makamashi mai yawa. Cin abinci koyaushe, suna ƙaruwa da nauyi a jiki, yayin da harsashi ya zama kamar bakin ciki.
Daga baya, malam buɗe ido Apollo ya fara molt, wanda aka maimaita shi sau 5. Bayan haka, idan macen tayi girma ta isasshe, sai ta fadi ƙasa kuma ta zama ɗan itacen koko. Wannan tsari zai dauki kimanin watanni biyu. Maballin a cikin kwakwa ba ya motsawa kuma baya nuna alamun rayuwa. Bayan haka, ta juya zuwa cikin kyawawan malam buɗe ido. Da zarar fuka-fukan sun bushe, sai kwari suka fara neman abinci.
Apollo zaune 2 lokacin bazara.Kafin hunturu, mace ta sanya ƙwai, daga abin da larvae ƙyanƙyashe a cikin bazara. Bayan manyan canje-canje, kyakkyawar malam buɗe ido ta bayyana, wanda ke faranta rai yayin saduwa da shi.
Biyan kuɗi da abubuwan da suke rarrabe su
Apollo malam buɗe ido yana da kusan nau'ikan 600. Haƙiƙar ita ce cewa tana da faɗi da faɗi. Masana ilimin halitta sun bayyana wani yanayi: dangane da yanayin yanayi, launin Apollo yana canzawa. A kowane yanki, malam buɗe ido yana da launin canza launi, wurin da aibobi, da sauransu. Masana kimiyyar kimiyya (masanan kimiyya suna nazarin kwari) suna haifar da jayayya mai yawa saboda wannan. Za'a iya kasu kashi biyu:
- An yi imani cewa saboda halaye daban-daban a cikin bayyanar mutane da yawa, yana yiwuwa a bambanta wata ƙungiya.
- Yaryata kowane biyan kuɗi, duk da bambance-bambance.
Butterfly Apollo ba shi da cikakkiyar fahimta. Wataƙila jerin mambobi za su sake cikawa.
Black Kawa (Mnemosyne)
Fuka-fukan fikafika 5-6 ne .. Ba kamar na Apollo mai sauƙi ba, Mnemosyne bashi da launin ja, kuma gefukan fikafikan sun fi bayyana. Veins akan fuka-fukan an furta su. Akwai fuka-fukai 2 masu baƙi a kan kowane fikafikan babba. Jikin baki ne.
Arctic Apollo (Apollo Ammosova)
Fuka-fukin ya fi karami girma - ba ya wuce cm 4. Maza suna da fararen fuka-fuki, mata suna da na launin toka saboda yalwataccen murfi. Akwai ƙananan ƙananan 3 a kan fikafikan sama. Akwai mutane da ke da jan tabo a ƙananan reshe kuma ba tare da shi ba. Arctic Apollo galibi ana samun sa a cikin arewacin arewacin Rasha. Zai iya jure yanayin zafi low idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfin hali na sauran ƙasashen da suka tallata Apollo. Yana da wahala a gare shi ya sami abinci, tunda babu ciyayi da yawa akan yankin da yake zaune. Wani lokacin ma yakan ƙaura zuwa adon ajiya na larch. Babu kusan bayanan ilimin halitta akan Apollon Ammosov.
Apollo Nordmann
Ana iya samun wannan ƙananan kudaden kawai a cikin beline bel na Greater da erarancin Caucasus. Malam buɗe ido ya sami suna don girmamawa ga masanin ilimin dabbobi na Rasha, wanda ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga karatun fauna na Caucasus. Rarrabe Apollo Nordmann daga sauran asara na girman girma.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Malam buɗe ido ya samu suna ta girmamawa ga allolin Girka na rana, Apollo. Kyawun fikafikan fuka-fikan halittu masu ilimin halitta har suka yi wa kirjin ado da wannan suna mai girma.
- Abin mamaki, wannan nau'in yana da ƙarancin tashi. Lokacin da haɗari ya kusanto, sai ta yi ƙoƙari ta tashi da wuri-wuri. Koyaya, wannan koyaushe ba zai yiwu a yi ba. A wannan yanayin, Apollo ya shimfida fikafikan sa ya fara shafa kan sa. An kirkiri sauti mai tsoratarwa wanda ke tsoratar da masu farauta.
- Apollo malam buɗe ido ya fi son wuraren tsaunuka, waɗanda ba alamu ba ga kwari. Wannan nau'in ya saba da ƙananan yanayin zafi. Bugu da kari, kwaro na iya samunsa mai tsayi. Misali, nau'in Alpine suna zaune a cikin Himalayas kuma suna jin girman su a nisan mil 6 daga matakin teku.
- Arctic Apollo tallafin suna zaune kusa da wurin da dusar ƙanƙara ba ta taɓa narkewa. Don irin wannan ƙwayar cuta mai rarrafe, wannan ainihin mu'ujiza ce.