Halin da ducks daji Krokhal ya yadu a cikin Rasha da CIS. Girman girma, nauyi mai kyau da launi mai ban sha'awa na mutane yana jan hankalin mafarautan Yankin Altai Territory, Urals, Chita da Irkutsk. Wadannan tsuntsayen daji na musamman suna motsawa zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi don hunturu; lokaci-lokaci zaka iya ganinsu a Tekun Azov. Menene wakilan yankin tsakiyar na yankin Eurasian suka shahara sosai kuma me yasa aka shigar da wasu ƙasusuwan farashi a cikin Littafin nan?

Abubuwa na rarrabe na jinsunan

Duck Krohal a bayyanar da girmansa yayi kama da ƙaramin ɗan goyo. Ididdigar nauyin daga 1 zuwa 2 kilogiram, tsawon jikin mutum ya kai 65 cm, kuma fuka-fukan yana kusa da mitir (87-92 cm). Tsuntsayen wannan nau'in sune tsuntsayen iyali da zasu iya yin gwagwarmaya yayin saduwa da karamin ɗanɗano. A lokacin sanyi, suna iya yin ɓarna cikin manyan garkuna don tabbatar da rayuwarsu.

Bayan kayi nazarin hoto na tsuntsu akan Intanet, abu ne mai sauki ka lura da wadannan sifofi daban daban:

1. Akwai wani farin “madubi” na musamman akan fikafikan, wanda a bayyane yake a bayyane daga bangon reshe mai launin toka, wanda ya bambanta wadannan tsuntsayen da sauran mutane.
2. Maza suna da baki kai da kuma koli na wuya, wanda aka jefa tare da koren kore tare da sakamako mai ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin hasken rana mai haske. A baya na baki ne, kuma kusanci da wutsiya yana da launin toka. Sauran jikin yayi fari tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Mahimmanci: magudanan ruwa suna canza launi, saboda wannan shine halayyar halayyar su ta sakandare, ta basu damar haifarwa.
3. Mata ana iya rarrabe su da sauƙin kai ko launin shuɗi da baki. Matan suna da farin makogwaro, da kuma launin toka da mai taushi.
4. Gashin mergansers yana da haske ja, a ƙarshen ya jingina cikin ƙugiya.
5. A kan duck ɗin shine babban abin lura.

Ya kamata a sani cewa tsohuwar haɗin kai da manyan merganser sun bambanta da duka wakilai. Launinsu ya dogara da kakar. A cikin bazara, ya zama mai haske idan aka kwatanta da hunturu (kamar yadda yanayi ya shimfiɗa), amma a lokacin rani launi ya cika kuma ta faɗuwa ya zama gaba ɗaya mara nauyi kuma ba makawa. Abin da ya sa a cikin lokacin sanyi yana da matukar wuya a rarrabe mace daga namiji a bayyanar.

Gidan ruwa na Waterfowl

Duck Krohal ba wai kawai tsuntsu ne mai ƙauna ba, amma kuma ƙaura ne. A lokacin bazara tana sha'awar shiga gundumar tsakiyar tsibirin Eurasi. A lokacin bazara, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna tashi tsakanin na farko, da zaran tsutsotsi sun bayyana. Wakilan ruwa na ruwa suna barin lokacin hunturu ne kawai sai da zafin kaho, wanda hakan ke haifar da daskarewa jikin ruwa.

Ainihin, wakilan ducks suna son zama a cikin wuraren dazuzzukan daji, kodayake an ga cunkoso a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka, har ma a yankunan bakin teku. Irin wannan yalwataccen mazauninsu yana faruwa ne ta fuskoki daban-daban. A lokacin rani, tsuntsaye sun cika yankuna na tsakiyar ba wai kawai Eurasian na nahiyar ba, har ma da Arewacin Amurka, kuma a cikin hunturu suna komawa gabar tekun Atlantika da Pacific, ana iya samun su a kudancin China (galibi inda akwai kifi).

Mahimmanci: idan hunturu yana daɗaɗɗa da zafi, kuma sassan azumi na tafki ba a rufe da kankara mai bakin ciki ba, to tsuntsu ba zai bar wurin da yake so ba.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

HOTO: Duhun Merganser

Kyakkyawan duck daji Merganser an san shi ba kawai don kyalli mai haske da sabon abu ba, har ma saboda girmanta mai ban sha'awa. Amfanin wadannan tsuntsayen na iya kaiwa kilo biyu. Yawancin nauyin aiki mafi karfi yana faruwa a cikin faduwa. Mergansers sune tsuntsaye masu ƙaura. A cikin hunturu, sun fi so su ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe tare da yanayin dumama. Koyaya, galibi a cikin lokacin hunturu ana lura da su a Kamchatka, a cikin Primorye da kuma gabar Tekun Azov.

Bidiyo: Duck Merganser

Ducks Merganser ya kasance cikin tsarin Anseriformes, ƙaramar ƙananan ducks na ainihi. Suna cikin gidan ducks kuma sun rarrabe a ciki zuwa wani daban na al'adun mergansers. Dalilin da ya haifar da wani nau'in halittar wata halitta shine kasancewar yawancin abubuwa masu kama da juna tsakanin jinsunan merganser. Dukkansu suna da fasalullukai na dabi'a iri ɗaya, salon rayuwa iri ɗaya, halayen kama ɗaya da abubuwan zaɓi na abinci.

Daga cikin abubuwanda ake amfani dasu na hade da juna sune:

• dogo, kunkuntar da lanƙwasa zuwa saman baki. A samansa, zaku iya ganin ƙara girma girma. Kuma maimakon daidaitattun duck faranti a kan baki (don tattara kayan abinci), waɗannan ducks suna da hakora mai kaifi. An samo su a gefuna kuma an tsara su don sauƙaƙe cin kifi,
• wuyan wuyansa, jiki. Irin wannan alamar tana sa su yi kama sosai da loons, grebes,
• mafi yawan kifi a cikin abinci. Da wuya masu sihiri su ci abincin shuka,
• kyakkyawan yanayin ruwa mai kyau.

Rarraba duwans na merganser ya canza sau da yawa cikin tsawon lokacin.

Zuwa yau, al'ada ce a rarrabe nau'ikan mergansers:

• scaly. Wannan shine mafi tsohuwar nau'in halitta. Rabin jikin wannan tsuntsu mai gashin tsuntsu yana kama da zane mai sikeli. Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune ne kawai a gabas,
• babba. Babban wakilan mergansers ne. Sau da yawa suna rikitar da shi da Goose. Babban merganser ya fi girma a gabas da yamma,
• dogon-hanci. Girman wannan dabbar yana da kilogram daya da rabi, tsayin daka bai wuce santimita ɗari takwas da takwas ba. Wannan nau'in shine mafi yawan gama gari kuma ana samun shi ko'ina cikin mazaunin mergansers,
• Harshen Brazil Yawancin rarest - lambar bata wuce mutum ɗari uku da hamsin ba. Yanki kawai a yamma.

Bayyanar fasali da fasali

Hoto: Menene ma'anar duck merganser?

Bayyanar ducks na mergansers ya dogara da nau'ikan su. Koyaya, tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan akwai nau'ikan abubuwa masu yawa na asali da na waje. Don haka, duk mergansers an bambanta shi ta hanyar girma mai ban sha'awa. Tsawonsu shine, a matsakaita, kimanin santimita sittin. Amfanin irin waɗannan tsuntsaye na iya kaiwa kilo biyu. Fuka-fukan da merganser ya wuce santimita tamanin. Koyaya, waɗannan alamomi ne na matsakaita, saboda a cikin yanayi akwai mutane ƙarancin girma.

Hakanan alamar alama na mergansers kunkuntar ce kuma dogayen baki ce, wacce aka tanada a karshen. A tarnaƙi irin wannan baki akwai ƙananan hakora. Suna taimakawa dabbar ta kama kuma ta ci kifi. Wadannan ducks suna da dogon wuya, wanda ba halayyar wasu membobin dangi bane. Kafafuwan mergansers sun fi gajere, suna da fatar fata mai fadi. Wutsiya zagaye ce, gajere. An nuna fuka-fuki a siffar.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba kamar sauran ducks ba, galibi ba sa cin abinci. Naman waɗannan ducks na daji na iya kamuwa da cutar kwaɗo, tana da wari mara dadi. Tekin din yana iya yin girma a jikin mutum har zuwa mita masu yawa.

Babban fasalin halayyar mergansers wani launi ne mai ban mamaki na gashin fuka-fukan. Dukkanin jinsunan wadannan duwatsun ana fentin su a cikin hadewar launuka daban-daban. Don haka, babban fentin merganser an fentin shi cikin baƙi, launin toka mai duhu, launuka masu launin ruwan hoda. Ana yin zane mai ban mamaki da launin ruwan hoda-zaitun, ja ko launin shuɗi-shudi. A bayan wannan dabbar an yi masa ado da launin toka da fari, waɗanda suke matukar misaltawa da sikeli. Merganser dan kasar Brazil yana da baki mai haske, baki mai launi da baki, da fari mai launin shuɗi-baki da ciki mai haske.

A ina duck merganser yake zaune?

HOTO: Duka Merganser a Rasha

Ana ɗauka cewa duhun Merganser tsuntsu ne mai ƙaura, amma wannan ba gaskiya bane. Wasu nau'ikan sun fi son salon rayuwa mai kaɗaici. Don rayuwa, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaɓan yankuna tare da yanayin yanayi mai kyau da dumama. A lokacin rani, suna zaune a gabashin Eurasi, a yankin sa na tsakiya. Mergansers sun bayyana a can a farkon bazara. Kusan koyaushe sun isa farkon farko, da zaran titin ya ɗan yi ɗumi. A cikin hunturu, dabbobi suna barin mazauninsu na ƙarshe na ƙarshe - lokacin da yanayin sanyi mai kaifi ya zo kuma dukkan jikin ruwan yayi sanyi.

Kasuwanci suna ƙaunar zaɓar wuraren daji don farauta. Amma lokaci-lokaci ana iya samun mazaunin su a yankunan bakin teku har ma a cikin tsaunuka. Irin waɗannan bambance-bambancen mazauna suna da alaƙa da kasancewar jinsin mutane da yawa da kuma tushen merganser. Babban mahimman bayanai yayin zabar wurin don waɗannan tsuntsaye shine kasancewar ruwa kusa da tushen abinci tare da abinci mai dacewa. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna cin kifi. Gabanin mazaunin duwatsun merganser yana da faɗi sosai, saboda kasancewar nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban daban.

Ya hada da:

• Kasar China Sai kawai wuraren da akwai kifaye da yawa,
• gabas da yamma hemispheres, Asiya ta Tsakiya, tafkunan California, tsaunukan Himalayan. Babban wakilin ducks, babban merganser, yana zaune a cikin yankuna nan. A lokaci guda, a wasu wuraren masu mergansers sun zauna,
• Gabashin gabashin Rasha, Arewacin Japan, Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Wannan ita ce wurin rayuwa ta schal mergansers,
• bakin Yammacin Turai, UK. Akwai jinsunan da ba a daɗewa ba,
• jikin ruwan Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil. Wannan yanki yana zaune ne da jinsin masu rajin mulganser - Burtaniya.

Yanzu kun san inda duhun merganser ke zaune. Bari mu ga abin da wannan tsuntsu ya ci.

Me duck merganser yake ci?

Hoto: Duck na daji Merganser

Idan akasarin nau'ikan ducks suna cin abincin shuka ko kuma suna da abinci mai hade, to, mergansers suna cin abincin dabbobi ne kawai. Suna ciyar da abin da suka samo yayin kamun kifi. Wannan nau'in daskararre zai iya jimre kifin, tsawon sa wanda ya kai santimita ashirin. Suna da dabara ta hanyar amfani da baki, suna da kyau kwarai. Tsarin kamun kifi yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Da farko, duwatsun suna sauke kawunansu karkashin ruwa, suna neman kifin da ya dace. Sannan su hanzarta nutsar, su kama kifin da gemun su. Mergansers suna jin daɗin ƙarancin ruwa. Suna iya motsawa da sauri zuwa can, suna yin kaifi mai kaifi.

A lokacin rani, ducks na iya farauta shi kadai, kuma yayin ƙaura yawanci sukan fita zuwa kamun kifi na gama gari. Wannan kyakkyawar gani ce. Tsuntsaye sun yi layi a cikin layi ɗaya kuma a lokaci guda suna narkar da ganima. Irin wannan kamun kifi na iya tara adadin ducks da yawa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kasancewar abinci shine babban ma'aunin zabar mazaunin mazauni. Mergansers ba zasu tashi zuwa yankuna mafi souther don lokacin hunturu ba, sai dai idan tafkunan suna rufe da bakin daskararren kankara a matattarar su kuma suna iya kamun kifi.

Tushen abincin abincin mergansers na daji, kamar yadda muka gabata, kifi ne. Ducks ganima a kan maƙiyinai, dutsin ruwa, pikes, kifi, karnuka. Waɗannan kifayen suna zama ganima ga manya da manya. Merarancin mergansers suna cin ƙananan kifi. Hakanan mergansers basa raina sauran mazaunan ruwa na ruwa. Suna cin kifin kifaye, ƙananan ɓawon burodi, kwari iri-iri, da tsutsotsi.

Habitat

Babban merganser ya shahara a cikin sararin samaniya na tsakiya da arewacin sassan Rasha, CIS, da Amurka. Musamman ma sau da yawa zaku iya haɗuwa da irin wannan duck a cikin wurare masu sanyi na Urals, Yamal, Kola Peninsula, Baikal, a kan bankunan Yenisei, Vilyui, a cikin Kolyma Range, Chukotka, Alaska, Quebec da Newfoundland.

A cikin canjin yanayin iska, mergansers sun fi so su zauna cikin yanayi mai ɗumi. A watan Oktoba-Nuwamba, daidaikun mutane suna tsugunnar da yanayin kwanciyar hankali na kasashe masu zafin rana - zuwa Japan, Kudancin Turai da Amurka, tekun China, da Korea. Ana samun manyan kantunan a gefen Tekun Azov da kuma a Kamchatka, inda ruwan bai daskare ba.

Buɗe mergansers a cikin jirgin

Ducks suna dawowa a ƙarshen Fabrairu. A gida, sun zabi mazauni tare da tabkuna, koguna tare da ruwa mai tsabta, da tundra-tundra. Gidajen sun hada da daga raga 10 zuwa 20. Sau da yawa abokan hamayya suna tashi zuwa wuraren da suka saba ko a baya waɗanda aka zaɓa.

Namiji

Drakes canza launi don yanayi daban-daban na shekara. A lokacin bazara, tabarau suna da haske kamar yadda zai yiwu su jawo hankalin "matan." A lokacin bazara, launuka suna haskakawa kuma suna zama iri ɗaya kamar ducks.

Gashin tsuntsu a farfajiyar baya ya fito a bayyane cikin duhu. Fuka-fukan suna da baki da fari. Wutsiya da ciki suna mutunta launin toka. A kirji, a gindin wuya da kuma yanki na goiter, akwai wasu fararen farashi tare da launin toka ko launin toka. Kashi na sama na wuyansa da kai suna duhu tare da sheren kore mai sheki. Akwai wasu ƙananan furfura masu launin launin toka a kafafu, wani lokacin kuma akwai alamar baki akan bakin baki.

Babbar Merganser namiji da mace a ruwa

Bayanin da fasali

Akwai wakilai da yawa na nau'ikan, mergansers daban-daban suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasashe da yawa. Abubuwan haɗin haɗin gwiwa sune halaye na halitta, abubuwan ƙarawa na abinci, yanayin ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa. Dukkanin abubuwanda ake amfani dasu na halittar ruwa na ruwa sun bada haske:

• katako mai zurfi, girmansa wanda ya wuce matsakaici tsakanin dangi - har zuwa cm 50. Don yawancin mergansers, yana da nau'in sifar silima, an sanye shi da ƙugiya kamar ƙusa a ƙarshe,
• dogon wuya
• crest kan shugaban gashin fuka-fukai, aka kafa su ta wata hanya ta musamman,
• siffar jiki,
• farar fuka-fuki
• gajeren wutsiya
• gajerun kafafu, yatsun baya da aka haɗa da katon fata mai fata.

Girman duck ya bambanta a cikin jinsin iri daban-daban. Akwai nau'ikan mutane waɗanda adadinsu bai wuce kilogiram 0.7 ba, amma mafi yawan lokuta suna kama da ƙananan geese, waɗanda nauyinsu shine 1.5-2 kg. Babban girman yana jan hankalin mafarauta game da kamun kifi tare da bankunan kogi. Fuskokin wasu mutane sun kai mita, tsawon ginin kuma 60-65 cm.

Tsarin baki a cikin tsuntsaye iri daban-daban daban suke. Merganser, a cikin abincin da yafi abinci abinci, yana da faranti na musamman waɗanda ke tace abinci. Abubuwan da ke tattare da duwatsun da ke ciyar da kifi a kan kifi suna sanye take da ingantattun faranti a cikin ƙananan hakora tare da gefan baki don riƙewa, yankan abincin.

Muhimmin fasali na tsuntsaye shine abin da ake kira "madubi" - wani farin wuri a kowane reshen dutsen dutsen. A cikin jirgin sama, bayyane bayyane a kan tushen launin toka na rudi. Gashin mergansers yana da haske ja. Kyau mai ban mamaki na rushewa ya kai matsayin magana mafi girma a cikin bazara, tare da farkon lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin.

Shugaban merganser ya zama baki baki daya, saman wuya yana da alamar farin kore. Baya daga wuyansa zuwa wutsiya yana canza launi mai duhu zuwa inuwa mai haske mai launin toka. Partashin cikin duck yana da fari, wani lokacin tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda.

Mace merganser ya ɗan bambanta da drakes a cikin launi na rudi, zaku iya lura da inuwa mai launin shuɗi-baki, baya na sautin mai haske. A lokacin rani da damina, hasken launuka a cikin kayan duck ya ɓace, gurgun ya zama maras nauyi, mara nauyi, yana dacewa da damana da lokacin sanyi.

Yawancin lokaci ana kiyaye Mergansers cikin nau'i-nau'i, wanda aka haɗe zuwa kananan kungiyoyi. Ta hanyar yin hunturu da garken da yawa ne kawai ake kafawa, gami da tsuntsaye dubu da yawa. Lokacin sanyi da tsuntsaye suke ciyarwa gwargwadon yanayin damina.

Suna wanzuwa lokacin hunturu a yankuna tare da ruwan ruwa na kankara, suna ƙaura zuwa ƙasashe masu ɗumi, wani lokacin kuma suna faruwa a bakin Tekun Azov. Don tsira, an rusa su cikin manyan garken. Mergansers suna yawo cikin ƙasa kamar yadda ake ganin “duck”, suna canzawa daga wannan gefe zuwa wancan. A cikin ruwa da jirgin sama, suna da kwarin gwiwa da kuma 'yanci, kyawawan iyo masu iyo da kuma tashi sama.

A cikin halittar mergansers, an bambanta nau'ikan shida, waɗanda hudu sun zama ruwan dare a Rasha:

• karami, ko sata,
• babba merganser,
• mai dogon hanci (matsakaici),
• scaly.

Akwai ire-iren ire-iren mutanen Brazil da na cakulan suna zaune a Amurka da Brazil. Jinsin Auckland Merganser ya kare. Duck ya zauna a New Zealand har sai an kawo aladu daji da awaki a wurin. A halin yanzu, tsuntsaye ne kawai masu kwalliya za su iya gani a cikin kayan tarihi na gida.

Little Merganser (madauki). Inarami ne babba, mara galihu ga dangi a girma. Weight ne kawai 50-700 g, mutane masu nauyin 800-900 g ba su da yawa. Adon Bird shine babban abin kama a bayan kai.

Gidajen yanar gizo suna cikin yankin daji na Siberiya, Karelia, Gabas ta Tsakiya, ɓangaren Turai na Rasha. Ducks sun fi son yankuna tare da manyan koguna, tafkuna na ruwa tare da ruwa mai tsafta.

A cikin hunturu, suna fitowa a gefen Tekun Baƙi da Kankari, a cikin kasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya, Japan, da China. Tsuntsayen da aka zazzage sun zauna a gefen kankara, cikin ruwa mara zurfi.

Kayan da aka dace da maza sun yi al'ajabi tare da haɗuwa da farin farin-ashy mai launi tare da tsarin baƙar fata, ƙyalli mai haske a tarnaƙi. Beak, paws na gubar inuwa. Akwai tabewar baƙar fata a ƙarƙashin idanun. Tufafin matan sun zama furfura mai launin shuɗi tare da hulɗa mai launin shuɗi a kawunansu.

Toxing of kananan mergansers yana farawa a lokacin hunturu, suna tashi zuwa mazaunin dabbobin. Kallo yana zaune a mazaunin sauran sauran tsuntsayen. Kulawa da maza daga duwatsun su ya kasance har sai an sanya kwan kwan ƙarshe, sa theyan nan su tashi zuwa molt. Matan wani lokacin ma ba ƙyamar su suke haifarwa ba, har ma da ƙwai masu haɗarin gogol.

Merganser. Duck a cikin mazauna galibi ana kiran shi cormorant, bison mai jan kunne. A cikin Rasha, ana samun ruwa mai kan ruwa a kan kogunan lebur, koguna masu budewa a Kudancin Urals, Altai, Sakhalin, da Kamchatka.

Ya fi son ruwa mai tsafta, ya guji ƙarancin teku. Sunan nau'in ya jaddada girman girman duck - fiye da 2 kilogiram. Kyakkyawan fasalin maza shine rashin ɗaukar hoto.

Black kai, dutsen wuyansa tare da m ƙarfe tintic tint. Bangarorin, ciki, da kuma ɓangarorin fikafikan suna fari. Mace, sabanin zazzagewa, suna da ja. Daga cikin manyan mergansers, uku ana rarrabe su: talakawa, Arewacin Amurka, Himalayan. Na farkon biyun ana samun su a ƙasarmu.

Long-nosed (matsakaici) merganser. A nau'in tsuntsu mai ƙaura wanda kusan ba ya haifar da yanayin rayuwa. Merganser aka bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasashen Turai, a cikin ƙasashen Baltic, a yankin tsibirin Scandinavia.

An samo shi a cikin Rasha a kan iyakar Siberiya, tsibirin Solovetsky, a Karelia, a cikin Urals. Merganser fi son bakin teku, tundra tabkuna, tsibirin tsibiri. Babban mai iyo da ruwa. Fentin-baki mai launin fata yana zane a cikin sautunan launin toka-baki tare da farin reshe, tsiri mai wucewa ta gefen tsuntsun.

Akwai ninki biyu a bayan kai. Mace masu launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, tare da musanyawa mara haske da sautunan duhu. Matsakaici na matsakaici ya bambanta da maƙwabtansu a cikin tsarin aure na aure tare da nutsar da kai cikin ruwa, fantsama, fikafikansu.

Scaly Merganser. Wani tsuntsu mai saurin kai yana jagorantar rayuwa mai kyau a bakin Tekun Bering, ana samunsa a kogunan dutse a China, Manchuria. Duck yana zaɓar mazaunan gwanaye masu kifaye, wanda ke kewaye da gandun daji mai ɗumbin yawa. Kyakkyawan fuka-fukan gashin fuka-fukai sunfi tsayi da na alaƙa.

Yankin duhu mai launi yana da turen zaitun, da haske - tare da launin ja. Sunan yana da alaƙa tare da musanyawa a bayan ratsi-fari ratsi, daga nesa mai kama da sikeli. A cikin littafin Red, an nuna hoton scaly merganser tare da matsayin "nau'in haɗari". Smallananan yawan ba su fi tsuntsaye dubu ɗaya da dubu ɗaya ba.

Merganser dan kasar Brazil. Launi yafi launin toka, ashy, kai, wuya, baya na inuwa mai duhu. Drake ya fi girma fiye da mace. Suna riƙe ƙasa da amincewa, amma suna ciyar da abin da suka samo a ruwa kawai. Har yanzu ana kiyaye ƙananan tsuntsaye a cikin filin shakatawa na ƙasa na Brazil, suna kan gab da ƙarewa. Adadin ya fi ƙasa da tsuntsaye 260 na wannan nau'in.

Marigayi Merganser. Ba shi yiwuwa a rikitar da wannan nau'in tare da wasu dangi, yana da asali. Crest mai tsayi ya hau kan tsuntsun, wanda yake buɗewa ya fi a lokacin yanzu. A cikin maza, launin ado yana da baki da fari, kuma a cikin mata launin ja-ruwan kasa. Kuna iya ganin duck na peculiar a Arewacin Amurka a gefen gabar tafkin daji, kogunan kwari.

Rayuwa & Habitat

Yawancin biyan kuɗi suna ba da damar haɗin gwiwar su ci gaba da kasancewa da mazauninsu, jagoranci rayuwa da rayuwa ƙaura. Kuna iya saduwa da ducks a Arewacin Amurka, a kan yankin Central, Yammacin Eurasia.

A cikin bazara, mergansers sun isa tare da yanki na farko da aka share, da zaran an kafa farkon tsutsa - a watan Fabrairu, farkon Maris. Gudun ruwa lokacin da tafkunan sun cika da kankara, a ƙarshen Oktoba, Nuwamba. Itacen garken dabbobi daga ɗaruruwan mutane suna buƙatar ƙarfi da jimiri na tsuntsaye. Idan ana kiyaye hunturu da kyau, tafkunan ba su daskarewa, to tsuntsayen ba za su bar wuraren da suke zaune ba.

Duk nau'ikan mergansers suna iyo sosai, nutsewa. Tsuntsaye suna kwana a gabar tafkin don ɓoye cikin ciyawar ƙetare idan akwai haɗari. Suna ciyar da ƙaramin kifi, ruwa bayan shi zuwa zurfin 4 m.

A ƙarƙashin ruwa, ducks sun sami damar ɗaukar mintuna 3, suna iyo fiye da 10. A cikin farauta na yau da kullun, mahaɗin kama kifi ɗaya ya ɗauki aƙiƙa 15-30. Tsuntsayen suna motsawa cikin sauri, suna yin juyi mai kyau, suna nuna kyakkyawan rawar motsawa.

Yawancin nau'ikan duck sun gwammace ruwa mai tsafta daga tabkuna da koguna. M tafkunan merganser an zaɓi su don tsabta, yalwar abinci. Tsuntsayen suna buƙatar maɓuɓɓugar gandun daji don farauta, kamar yadda mergansers sukan zaɓi tsoffin manyan ramuka, sun watsar da sauran tsuntsaye don ƙyanƙyashe.

Lokacin shirya tsuntsaye, sarari yana da mahimmanci don ɗaukar hoto ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, saboda haka babban merganser ya zaɓi ya zauna a cikin wurare masu tsayi, ƙafafun ƙafa. Wani nau'in merganser mai kafaɗar nono yana zaune a gefen gabar teku. A cikin tsibirin tsibiri, ana ajiye ducks kusa da wuraren dutse inda zaku iya samun mafaka cikin haɗari.

Haɗa tsuntsayen lokaci suke tashi. Manyan garkunan sun taru, a matsayin mai mulkin, kusa da gawarwakin mutane da dama na mutane. Tsuntsu na Merganser, wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka jera su cikin littafin Red na Rasha. Tare da kafaffen adadi na manyan daɗaɗɗun mergansers, an nemi farauta a ko'ina a cikin bazara.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Dalilin abincin mergansers shine abincin dabbobi. Neman Duck yana cikin binciken kifayen, sauran mazaunan ruwa na ruwa. Babban nau'in merganser girbi kifi, pike, kifi, roach, barbus, launin toka. Individualsananan mutane suna cin abinci a kan ƙananan kifin.

Taushin bakin kwarin dutsen yana dan kadan ya juya zuwa ciki. Wannan fasalin yana ba ku damar sakin ruwa, riƙe ingantaccen samarwa. Merganser ya sauƙaƙe jingina pike, baƙi har zuwa 20 cm a tsawon.

Binciko ganima, ducks sun yi zurfi cikin kawunansu. Da zaran makarantar kifin ta bayyana, merganser ta yi ƙasa, da sauri ta motsa zuwa makasudin. Yunkurin farauta ya ƙare da kamun kifi, wanda girmansa shine 15-25 cm. Sauran mazaunan jikin ruwa kuma sun zama abinci ga masu haɗuwa:

• kwari kwari
• mollus
• larvae, pupae,
• crustaceans
• tsutsotsi.

Siffar mergansers shine haɗin abinci ga mazaunan ruwa na ruwa, kodayake tsuntsaye suna jin kwarin gwiwa, a kan tudu, a cikin tsaunin tsiro. A cikin lokutan hunturu, ducks kan taru a bakin kogin, suna ciyar da ruwa mai zurfi akan rayuwar marine, herring, ciyayi mai ruwa, da kuma samun mollusks da ƙananan crustaceans a cikin algae.

Add buri ga kifi yana shafar takamaiman ƙanshin naman duck. Wasu mafarautan sun yi imanin cewa merganser azaman wasa bai dace da abinci ba. Ducks sun fara samun abinci da kansu bayan wasu 'yan kwanaki kaɗan.

Kyankyasai suna yin dabarun farauta a karkashin kulawar uwar-dabbar. Merganser a cikin hoto yayin farauta yana da kallo mai ban dariya lokacin da kawai jikin jikin duck yake bayyane a saman tafki.

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Zaɓin ma'aurata kafin lokacin farawar ya fara tun kafin jirgin zuwa mazauninsu. Tsarin ladabi shine ya cika da al'adun gargajiya - rawa akan ruwa. Namiji yayi iyo a gaban wanda aka zaɓa, ya matso da kirjinsa akan ruwa, ya daɗa kansa da ƙarfi. Tare da kaifin fikafikan fuka-fukan, yana zubar da saman, ya hau kusan a tsaye don jawo hankalin mace. Motsi yana tare da sauti mai ƙarfi.

Ma'aurata da suka kasance sun zavi wurin yin farauta. Leadingan mata jagora a cikin binciken ana yin ta ne ta mace, ita kuma tana tanadar mazaunin gida. Tsuntsayen suna neman wurin da ya dace a tsohuwar rami na Aspen, alder, Willow, gidan da aka watsar, a kan lemuran kwazazzabo. Kayan aiki don ginin - twigs, ganye, gashinsa. Mace don tsarin gida har ma tana bayar da fifiko daga nono.

Clutch ya haɗa da qwai 12-16. Lokaci-lokaci akwai manya-manyan jigon manyan tsuntsaye waɗanda suke da ƙwai 40. Tsawon lokacin shiryawa ya kasance har zuwa wata daya. Namiji ya fita, baya shiga cikin tsari. Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, murhunan gida, da aka riga an gama, suna tare da mahaifiyarsu a cikin ɗakin dumi ba fiye da kwana biyu ba.

Sannan daga farkon fitowar suna bi zuwa wani tafki, iyo da kuma kokarin nutsewa. Farautar jarirai da farko ya ƙunshi kama kwari a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, amma cikin mako guda kawunansu milganser fara farautar soya, samun saurin motsi. Suna tafiya a cikin ginshiƙai, a daidaituwa, da ganin ganima, suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da ƙarfi.

Ducklings suna buƙatar ƙarin lokacin don samun a kan reshe. Aƙalla watanni biyu daga haihuwa, kajin suna shirya wa jirgin farko, kuma matashin yana samun cikakken 'yanci bayan watanni uku. Tsarin jinsin ƙaura a cikin haɓaka fasahohin jirgi suna ɗan gaba da dangin da suka zauna. Matasa mergansers sun zama balaga ta jima'i kawai cikin shekaru biyu.

Jimlar rayuwar ducks merganser shine kimanin shekaru 15. Tsarin tsirrai na rayuwa suna rayuwa kadan fiye da na masu ƙaura. Kasancewa cikin zaman talala a wani yanki mai kariya yana ƙara tsawon rayuwar tsuntsaye sama da shekaru 3-5.

Dabbobin da aka suturta suna da ban sha'awa ba kawai ga masu fasaha da mafarauta ba. Duk mai ƙaunar daji yana jin daɗin haɗuwa da wannan tsuntsu mai bayyanawa wanda ke qawata tafkunan mu da gandun daji.

Merganser

Merganser ya zama ruwan dare a duka sassan Arewa da Kudancin Hemispheres. A Arewacin Hemisphere, mazaunin shine yankin-tundra yanki, Gabas Siberiya; akwai ƙananan garken dabbobi a cikin Alps, a Iceland. Ducks sun zaɓi yankin arewa maso gabashin Sin, Sikhote-Alin massif. A Kudancin Amurka, yawancin jama'a suna zaune a Kudancin Arewacin Amurka da arewacin Kudancin Amurka.

Tsuntsayen suka mamaye jikinn ruwa a gabashi da yamma na nahiyoyin. Wasu mutane ƙaura ne. Daga tundra da Siberiya, suna ƙaura zuwa China. Daga Iceland suna tashi zuwa gabar tekun Caspian da Black Sea. Ducks na Amurka suna kwance-layi.

Duhun Merganser - babban tsuntsu. Ya fi girma fiye da mallard a nauyi da nauyi. Tsawon jiki na drake shine 66 cm, na mace shine cm cm 58. nauyin nauyin da ya girma shine kilogram 2.8. Mata sun kasance ƙanana. Jikinsu yana da nauyin 1 kg. Bishiyoyi daga mace sun bambanta ba kawai a cikin manyan masu girma dabam ba, har ma da launuka masu launuka:

• shugaban mutane yana da tsari sosai. A cikin drakes, ɗaukar fansa a kai yana da duhu tare da launin toka da launin toka kore. A bayan kai akwai allura mai siffa, gashinan madaidaiciya na launin fata,
• gashin fuka-fukai baƙaƙen fata ne a kafadu. Ragowar jiki launin toka ne ko kuma na goro. Umauki a kan kirji yana saka ruwan hoda
• madubi akan fuka-fukan an yi shi da fuka-fukan farin tare da bakin baƙi,
• mace suna da murfin launin ruwan kasa. Aljihunan ya zama iri ɗaya. Bayan lokacin kiwo, tsuntsayen suna samun canjin gashin tsuntsu,
• babban merganser yana da dogon baki mai launin ja. Hakora tare da gefuna suna lanƙwasa ciki. Wannan shi ne saboda abinci mai gina jiki na ducks. Suna kamun kifi. Suna buƙatar cogs ba kawai don sakin ruwa ta hanyar su ba, har ma don ci gaba da kama abubuwan da suka kama,
• Tsuntsaye suna kama kifin kogin gida. A cikin baki suna da ikon riƙe faranti, tsinkaye har zuwa 20 cm tsayi, ƙaramin kifayen, herring,
• Crustaceans, mollusks, kwari na kandami suna zuwa abinci,
• mace ta girma tun tana shekara 2. Balagagge cikin maza yana faruwa kusan shekaru 3. Ginin tsuntsayen an gina su ne a gabar, nesa ba mazauni ba.

Nau'in tsuntsaye nau'i a lokacin ƙaura. Suna yin jirgin sama ta hanyar kafaffen iyalai. Ducks suna bayyana a jikin jikkunan ruwa lokacin da tsutsotsi na farko suka hau kansu. Maza sun fara kula da girlfriendan matansu.

Suna fasa fikafikan su, suna wasa da dogon wuya, da sauri suna zagaye da mata cikin ruwa, suna ɗaga maɓuɓɓugan feshin tare da fikafikan su. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, mace bayan irin waɗannan rawar suna yin iyo ga abokan aikinsu, suna buɗe wuyansu ta hanyarsu, sa wasu sautuna.

Bayan balaga, mace ta gudu zuwa cikin daji. A cikin bishiyoyi suna neman rami wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don gina gida. Wasu lokuta tsuntsaye sukan zaɓi kayan wuta a cikin tsaunuka ko kuma kankara cikin manyan tuddai. Gida yakamata ya zama babba don duck da kajin sa su dace da shi. An zabi bishiyun tsayi, kuma tuddai sun kasance m don dabbobi masu tsinkaye da tsuntsaye ba za su iya kaiwa ga dan tsuntsaye ba.

Mace ta rufe gida da wani farin ciki Layer na Fluff, wanda ta jefa kan kirjin ta. Ba a amfani da kaji don ciyawa da rassa. Clutch ya ƙunshi ƙwai 10-12. Lokacin hutun shine kwanaki 32. Kwana 2-4, kajin na zama a gida. Uwa tana ciyar da su da tsutsotsi da kwari.

Bayan wannan, sun yi tsalle daga mazaunin a ƙarƙashin ikon duck. Iyalin yana zuwa tafki. Anan maganin su ya hadu. Iyaye suna koyar da yara don kama kifi tare. Ducklings sun fara tashi bayan sun canza ruwa zuwa fuka-fukan. Wannan yana faruwa a cikin watanni 2.

A yanayin, akwai wani duck da ake kira Little Merganser ko Loot. Nauyin nauyin namiji bai wuce 900 g ba, mace 500 g ne .. Fentin maza a cikin kyawawan launuka na baki da fari. Fuka-fukan Chub mai tsawo fararen gashinsa. Matar tana da launin toka, tare da jan crest a kai. Binciken mafi cikakken bayani game da kwastomomin da aka baiwa izini suyi magana game da loot a matsayin wata nau'in tsuntsaye daban. Wannan wani tsaka-tsakin nau'in ducks ne. Ya hada alamun duka gogol da merganser.

Merganser

Babban duck, amma ƙasa da babban merganser. Girman drake shine kilogiram 1.5, mace ita ce kilogram 1.3. Tsayin jiki har zuwa cm 65. Matsakaici matsakaici ya bambanta ba kawai a nauyi da girma daga babba ba, har ma a launi mai shuɗewa:

• da Drake ta karami, elongated. Gashinsa, gashinsa ya cika da launin kore
• wuyan yana da tsawo. Wani farin abin wuya yana fitowa a kai,
• daga abin wuya a kafaɗa kuma a baya akwai farar fata. An samar da wutsiyar ta hanyar gashin tsuntsu amma gajimare mai inuwa mai duhu,
• pectoral Drake kirji da tarnaƙi. A kirji mai ruwan hoda
• a ciki farar fata plumage,
• launin ruwan kasa-ja. Maza sayan guda plumage bayan bazara molting. Autumn duck merganser yana canza gashin tsuntsu. Drakes sake samun launi mai haske, wanda zai kasance tare da su har zuwa sabon lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin.

Tsuntsayen suna da baki mai tsayi da fadi. A saman muƙamuƙi akwai hakora 18 masu lanƙwasa: babban merganser yana da 14 daga cikinsu. Beak da metatarsus na launin ja mai haske. Ducks suna ciyarwa dabbobi kawai. Yana da ban sha'awa don lura da farautar tsuntsu. Suna runtse kawunansu cikin ruwa, suna neman ganima. Ganin kifayen, sai suka riƙa narkewa a ƙarƙashin ruwa da sauri kuma suna fita da ganima a gemunsu.

Wannan nau'in duwatsun suna zaune a wuri guda tare da manyan 'yan uwansu, a cikin kasashen Turai, da Amerika. Matan suna yin sheƙunansu a cikin wuraren rami da rairayin dutse. Da wuya ka ga gida a farfajiyar duniya. Clutch ya ƙunshi qwai 18. Lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 30-32. Dole ne a koyar da 'ya' ya 'yan ruwa yadda za a iyo.

An kirkiro gwanintarsu a ranar 7-10th. Yaron girma ya zama mai fiɗa a watanni 2.5. A lokaci guda, mutane sun ware daga iyayensu kuma suna kafa garken su. A yayin ƙaura, dangin tsuntsaye da ƙananan hannun jari suna da haɗin kai. Ducks suna tashi cikin garken guda ɗaya, suna kafa jamb a cikin iska.

Scaly Merganser

Scaly Merganser ba ta son yanayin dumama. Wurin zama shi ne Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma arewa maso gabashin kasar Sin. Tsuntsu ya ƙaura. Tana ƙaura cikin manyan garkuna zuwa kudancin China, tana zaune a bakin Tekun Rawaya da Gabashin China.

Gaba ɗaya, masana kimiyyar lissafi kusan kashi 2,000 na wannan nau'in tsuntsayen. Abun kallo yana gab da karewa. Kwanan nan, hannayen jari suna raguwa. Dalilin wannan shine aikin ɗan adam. Ana sare gandun daji, inda mutane ke shirya ciyayi. Wasu tsuntsaye ana kama su a tarun kifaye. Babban lalacewa ta garken kayan ciniki ya haifar da mafarauta:

Maza

Thearfin maciji na namiji a lokacin matsewar baki ne mai ɗanɗano da ƙarfe mai haske na shuɗi mai kauri a kai da wuya. Ba a furta murfin kai ba. Wutsiya da ƙusoshin suna da launin toka, ragowar wuraren ana fenti da fari mai ruwan hoda mai ruwan shuɗi. Babban farin madubi ya mamaye kusan duka reshen, ban da duhu mai duhu a kusa da gefen.

Yankin

Babban merganser yana zaune ne a cikin nau'i-nau'i ko a kananan kungiyoyi a arewaci da gabashin kasar, gami da Kola Peninsula, a cikin Altai Territory, Transbaikalia da Urals. Tana fifita kogunan kwantar da tarurruka da tabkuna a cikin taiga ta arewa da gandun daji-tundra. Yana nufin tsuntsaye masu ƙaura.Yayi ƙaura don daidaita yanayin latina na hunturu, gami da yankin Azov, kwaruruka na kogin Amu Darya da Syr Darya, zuwa tsibirin Kuril da bakin tekun Primorye. A wuraren nisan hunturu, zai iya samar da garken tumaki.

Harshen Brazil

Subsididdigar ƙasar ta Brazil tana da ƙanƙanta fiye da matsakaicin matsakaici, duk da haka, tayi kama da shi a cikin gashin feather. Yana da baki da kore kore da wuyansa, da jan bakin bakin ciki da kuma dogon crest. Plarshe daga saman abin hular duhu a cikin inuwar launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa, ƙasa mai launin toka ne, mai narkar da farin fari da launin shuɗi.

Tsawon dan kasar Brazil ya bambanta tsakanin 0.5-0.55 m, nauyi daga 0.6 zuwa 0.7 kg.

Tsawon merganser na Brazilian ya bambanta da 0.5-0.55 m

Fasali da kuma mazaunin duck merganser

Merganser – duck, cikakke kuma masani ga kowane mafarauci na Turai. Kunnawa hoto merganser sau da yawa kamannin disheveled. Wannan saboda tsuntsu kyakkyawar mai ruwa ne, ya fi son nutsewa kuma yana yin ta kusan kullun, zuwa zurfin mita 2 zuwa 4, ba tare da la'akari da ko merganser na bukatar kifi ba a yanzu ko a'a.

Siffofin wadannan duwatsun sun hada da baki - mai tsawo, mai haske, silili, dan kadan ya juya har zuwa karshensa tare da hakora mai kaifi a gefunan ciki, taimaka wa tsuntsayen su kamun kifi.

Hakanan suna da jiki mai kyau na tsawon lokaci, a matsakaita har zuwa 57-59 cm tsayi da wuya wuyansa. Tsuntsayen wadannan duwatsun na iya kaiwa cm 70-88, kuma nauyinsu ya kai gram 1200 zuwa 2480, wanda ya sanya tsuntsayen daya daga cikin shahararrun kayan don farauta.

Amma game da launin ruwan damisa, mace, kamar sauran tsuntsayen, sunada kananun kuma masu kashewa, suna da launin toka ba tare da alamun launin fari ba sosai. Amma kwalliya ta bambanta, suna ba da gashin fuka-fukan gashin kore, kai mai fararen fata, fararen fata a fuka-fukan da inuwa mai launin shuɗi-baki mai launin shuɗi a bango, kuma a wasu nau'in kuma akwai farin makogwaro da goiter.

Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen, har ma da ruwa a koyaushe, suna da wuya a rasa bisa ruwa. Rayuwa ducks ɗin sukayi rarrafe, galibi a cikin ruwan tafkuna, inda aka yi yawancinsu hoto, amma kuma ba sassauƙa ba don daidaitawa a cikin kogi tare da karamin halin yanzu, kuma wasu suna kwantar da hankali a cikin hanyoyin ruwan teku, idan ba su da raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarfi.

Kuna iya haɗuwa da wannan tsuntsu a kowane kusurwar duniyar, a cikin kowane yanki da yanayi, kuma a wasu ƙasashe, misali, Japan, farautar merganser an dakatar da su tun ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, kuma tsuntsayen kansu ana kiyaye su tun kafin karɓar ƙanƙan su a duk duniya.

Balaga da fasali

Duck ya kai lokacin balaga da kimanin shekaru 2. A yayin yin nishadi, namiji yakanyi wanka domin mace, yana matse kirjinsa ga ruwa. Don jawo hankalin ƙaunataccensa, dole ne ya ɗaga jikinsa sama da saman ruwa, ya buɗe fuka-fukansa, sannan ya ɗauki madaidaicin yanayi, yana yin babbar murya. Irin waɗannan wasannin daga waje suna da kyan gani. Af, wani lokacin waɗannan lokuta ne waɗanda baƙi suke kamawa a cikin hotuna da bidiyo.

Yawanci, duck a cikin ɗayan jujjuya guda ɗaya na iya kawo ƙwai 12 a cikin gida don ƙyamar su kusan wata ɗaya. Bayan haihuwa, ducklings suna cikin wuri mai ɗora har na tsawon kwana biyu. Suna kyankyashe shi nan da nan kuma tuni a farkon fitowar mahaifiyarsu zuwa ruwa har ma suna ƙoƙarin nutsewa. Mako na farko, jarirai suna ciyar da kwari sosai akan kwari waɗanda suke kan ruwa, amma bayan sati ɗaya sai suka fara kama soya, suna motsawa akan ruwa, kusan kamar manya.

Aƙalla bayan watanni 3, ducklings ɗin sun fara tashi cikakke, amma idan duck ɗin suna daɗaɗɗa, ducklings ɗin zasu tashi lokacin da suka kai shekaru 80, da kuma masu ƙaura bayan shekara 50.

Mahimmanci: a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu dacewa, duck ɗin ya rayu har zuwa shekaru 15, tare da salon tsinkaye, ajalin zai iya kaiwa shekaru 17.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

HOTO: Duhun Merganser a yanayi

Yawancin jinsunan merganser suna jagorantar rayuwar ƙaura. A cikin bazara da bazara, suna zaune a wuraren farauta, waɗanda galibi suna cikin tsakiyar Turai, kuma suna tashi zuwa yankuna na kudanci a cikin hunturu. Koyaya, don hunturu, tsuntsaye suna tashi ne kawai a tsakiya ko a ƙarshen kaka, lokacin da jikkunan ruwa suka fara zama kankara. Suma sun iso da wuri. A wasu wurare na mazauninsu na asali, ana iya ganin su a ƙarshen Fabrairu. Zuwa kudu, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna tashi cikin babban garken, kuma suna dawowa cikin ƙaramin rukuni, yawan adadin mutane wanda ba su wuce ashirin.

Zuwa wurin sanya ducks ducks mergansed sa a gaba da yawan bukatun. Sun fi son gina "gidajen" su a cikin tsaunuka ko cikin gandun daji, nesa da mutane. Amma a wasu lokutan ana iya samun mazaunin waɗannan tsuntsayen a wasu shimfidar wurare. Wani muhimmin abin buƙata shine kasancewar wani tafki ko rafi kusa da ruwa mai tsabta da kifaye masu yawa. Wannan yana da matuƙar mahimmanci, saboda ducks suna cin kusan duk tsawon rayuwar su a saman ruwa. A can suke hutawa, bashine a rana da farautar kifi, wanda shine tushen abincin yau da kullun.

Ta hanyar dabi'a, waɗannan ducks ɗin ba su bambanta da yanayi mai kwalliya da kyau. Su tsuntsaye ne masu matukar wahala, da wuya su yi hulɗa da wasu dabbobi da mutane. Koyaya, a cikin ƙasashe da yawa har yanzu suna ƙoƙarin karɓar waɗannan tsuntsayen daji ta hanyar ciyar da su abinci. Merganser duck - dangi. Ta kwashe lokaci mai yawa tare da zuriyarta, suna kulawa da shi sosai. Game da haɗari, tsuntsu zai iya sauƙaƙe mai laifin, wanda ya yanke shawarar cin ɗan dabbobin ko kuma sanya ƙwai.

Hali da rayuwar duck merganser

Merganser – tsuntsu ƙaura, mazaunin waɗannan ducks sun rufe duk wuraren daji tare da koguna da tabkuna a tsakiyar layi. Farawa daga Yammacin Turai kuma sun ƙare tare da Himalayas da Gabas ta Tsakiya, kuma a nan suna ciyar da hunturu a gefen tekun Atlantika, tekun Pacific, a kudu na China, a gabar Tekun Bahar Rum, duk inda akwai zafi da inda kifi yake.

A cikin bazara, tsuntsaye sukan tashi tsakanin farkon, a zahiri nan da nan, da zaran tsutsotsi sun fara, wato, daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa farkon Yuni. Amma game da yanayin tsuntsayen, suna da mahimmanci, ducks na iyali, sun isa su iya jingine abin da ba ya da girma wanda ya yanke shawarar cin ƙwayayensu ko ƙananan kajin. Fitowar kaka zuwa lokacin hunturu yana farawa, tare da daskarewa ruwa, shine, a ƙarshen Oktoba ko Nuwamba.

Maganganun duck Merganser

Akwai wasu matsaloli game da rarrabuwar waɗannan ducks ɗin a ƙarshen karni na 20, kuma an sanya nau'ikan biyu, Loot da Crested na Amurka ga wasu iyalai. Don haka, daga cikin nau'ikan merganser guda bakwai, guda biyar ne suka rage, ɗayan - Auckland - ba a taɓa haɗuwa ba tun daga 1902 kuma ana ɗaukar shi rasuwa bisa hukuma. Haka kuma, nau'ikan hudu ne suka rage. merganserwanda aka rubuta a ciki Littafin jan.

• Merganser

Wannan shine mafi girman wakilcin waɗannan ducks, mai kama da ƙaramin ɗan goyo. Drakes suna da launin launi mai haske, kuma ana tilasta su tare da farin dusar ƙanƙara da wutsiya. Yankin da ke zaune kusa da shi ya mamaye dukkan tsakiyar tsakiya, a gabas da yamma, guguwar tsuntsaye a cikin latitude kudu, amma a wasu yankuna na Tsakiyar Asiya, a cikin tafkunan ƙananan tuddai na Himalayan da kuma tafkunan California, manyan mergansers suna zaune, ba sa tashi.

Hoton babban merganser

• Scaly Merganser

Wannan shine mafi tsufa kuma mafi kyawun jinsin duka dangin wadannan duwatsun. Rabin tolarsa kamar zane ne da yadin da aka saka, ko sikeli. Saboda wannan fasalin bayyanar ne, duck ɗin ya sami sunan ta.

Wadannan kyawawan kyawawan halaye suna rayuwa ne kawai a Gabas, ana yin farauta a Gabas ta Tsakiya a Rasha da kuma yankuna na arewa maso gabashin China, a arewacin Japan, kuma suna tashi zuwa hunturu a cikin ruwan dumi na Kudu maso gabashin Asiya.

Mafi sauƙin raguwa da tsaro na duk yawan adadin mergansers. Raguwar adadin wadannan tsuntsayen na faruwa ne sakamakon gurɓatar jikin ruwa, lalatawar dabbobi, wanda hakan ya keta tsarin muhalli da sauran ayyukan ɗan adam.

Duck flake merganser

• Merganser

Ko, matsakaita merganser. Mafi mashahuri da kuma shahararrun jinsunan wadannan ducks. Tsuntsayen hakika matsakaita ne, nauyinsa yakai kilo daya da rabi, kuma tsawonsa ya banbanta tsakanin 48-58 cm.Amma cloves din wadannan duwatsun nada yawa - 18-20, sabanin babban merganser, wanda yake da hakora 12-16 kawai. Wannan saboda gashin matsakaicin matsakaici ne ya fi tsayi.

A inda ake samun wadannan tsuntsayen ana iya samunsu ko'ina, tun daga tundra har zuwa gandun dajin, a duk sassan biyu. Fiye da haka, suna tashi zuwa ɗakunan ramuka mai zafi na arewa na yankuna masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, amma a kan iyakar reservoirs a Yammacin Turai, ciki har da Biritaniya, suna rayuwa shekara-shekara, suna zaune.

Lokacin da masu fasahar zane-zane na zamanin tsakiya, da kuma wani lokaci daga baya, alal misali, karni na 19, wadanda aka nuna wuraren farautar duck - waɗannan su ne yanayin farauta musamman don mutanen da ke da dogon zango. A yau ba za ku iya farautar waɗannan tsuntsaye ba.

Merganser mai dogon hanci tare da Chicks

• Merganser dan kasar Brazil

Smallanana kaɗan da ƙarancin nau'ikan. Yana zaune gaba ɗaya a cikin Yammacin Hemisphere, idan ana so kuma haƙurin waɗannan duwatsun ana iya gani a jikin ruwan Paraguay, Brazil da Argentina.

Gwargwadon masanan masana kimiyya sun san, yawan jama'a ba su wuce tsuntsaye 300-350 ba, an yi masu 250 daga cikinsu, kuma 200 na zaune na dindindin a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na Sierra da Canastra a Brazil. An ci gaba da sarrafa lamba da rayuwar waɗannan ducks tun daga 2013.

Mafi karami na duka mergansers - nauyin tsuntsu daga 550 zuwa gram 700, tsawon yayi daidai da nauyin. Baya ga girma, wannan nau'in an bambanta shi da ƙaunar tafiya akan ƙasa, waɗannan ducks ɗin suna rayuwa cikin nau'i-nau'i, kuma sun fi son zama a cikin rami mai faɗi na bishiyoyi masu tsayi. Koyaya, suna ciyarwa kamar yadda danginsu, kawai cewa suna samun kansu kamun kifi.

A cikin hoto, wata tsuntsuwar merganser ta Brazil

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Kayan kaji na Merganser

Duck Merganser dabba ce ta iyali. Bayan sun balaga, suna haɗuwa nau'i-nau'i. Ripening yana faruwa ne a kusan shekara ta biyu ta rayuwar fatar. Ma'aurata Duck suna kafa sheƙarsu a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi, a cikin murɗaɗɗe, a cikin watsi da gine-ginen da ke lalacewa, a cikin ramin bishiyoyi. Wani lokacin ana samun nurs na mergansers har a cikin ragowar motocin motocin. Ducks suna zaune a nesa ba tare da nisan mil ɗaya ba daga tafkin domin koyaushe su iya zuwa ruwa da sauri su ci abinci.

Sun murƙushe kwalliyarsu a cikin ruwa. Haske shida zuwa goma sha takwas ake kwanciya a ciki. Ducks dole kyankyasar ƙwai don kwanaki arba'in. A yi shi kawai mata. A wannan lokacin, maza suna zaune daban tare da danginsu. Wannan lokacin shine lokacin da suke zubewa. Matar ba ta barin mazaunin. Kawai don farauta da cin abinci. Sauran ragowar, tana sanya kajin nan gaba.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin daji, mergansers zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma sha biyar. Yankunan da ke jagorantar ingantaccen yanayin rayuwa suna rayuwa - kusan shekaru goma sha bakwai.

Chicky ƙyanƙyashe ƙasa. Suna haɓaka da sauri. Sun ɗan yi kwanaki kaɗan a cikin gida, bayan wannan sai suka bi mahaifiyarsu zuwa ruwa. Tuni a rana ta huɗu ko ta biyar bayan haihuwa, ɗalibai masu mayu biyu suna yin iyorsu ta farko. A rana ta sha biyu, ducklings zai iya fara kamun kifi mai zaman kansa. Suna nema da kama ƙananan kifaye, soya. Don koyon tashi, ducklings suna buƙatar ƙarin lokaci. Yawancin lokaci, kimanin kwanaki sittin da biyar kafin su tashi zuwa jirgin farko.

Yawan aiki

Babban Merganser yana samun nauyi da sauri. Mutane daban-daban sun kai kololuwar fatima a karshen kaka. Yawan mai a cikin irin wannan ducks yana da yawa. Nama ba shi da ƙanshi mai daɗi da ɗanɗano saboda halayen abinci. Tsarin Carcass ya bambanta daga 900 g zuwa 2.2 kg.

Duck yana samar da ƙwai 8-13 don kwanciya. A gida, ana iya ƙara ƙaruwa saboda yawan abinci. Qwai ne mai mau kirim fari, babba. Kiyayya da rayuwa - har zuwa 100%.

Irin daga dabbobi masu kawo kayayyaki ne da fatun dabbobi da dabbobi masu tamani. Kasuwancin farautar irin waɗannan tsuntsayen ana yin su ne a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.

Siffofin Yaduwa

Kiwo ya kai ga balaga har ya kai shekara biyu. Wadannan ducks suna halin zabin abokin tarayya na dogon lokaci. A cikin daji, mata da maza suna sane da farawa kafin isowa daga farauta. Suna gaba a gaban junan su, suna shimfiɗa wuyansu, zazzagewa suna yin sautin baƙin ciki. Ma'aurata ko ƙananan iyalai na “miji” da “mata” da yawa sun riga sun fara zuwa gidan farauta.

Ducks suna gina gida. A lokaci guda, maharan suna tsare matansu, suna kan hanyar kusa. Matsayi don henod kaza na gaba na iya zama kamar haka:

• a cikin dutse
• m itace
• ciyayi mai yawa,
• A cikin ƙasa a cikin saura mai yalwar ciyawa,
• watsi da gine-gine.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana gudanar da binciken ne a cikin wani yanki mai nisan kilomita 1 daga tafki. Iya hens kokarin tashi sama wurare. Suna gangarawa lokacin da ba za'a iya samun sararin da ya dace ba. Manyan mergansers suna cikin nau'in ducks na daji da son zuwa jejin da aka horar. Kwalaye, akwatuna a wuraren zama da suke ganewa da tabbaci. Babban kayan gini don rufewa da rufe gida ya gangara ne daga kashin mace. Ducks kansu suna jan ta suna ɗaukar gidansu.

Uwa uwa zaune a kan qwai don 32 kwanaki. Kowane yana samar da kajin har guda 30. Akwai lokuta na mutuwar "maƙwabta" lokacin da uwa ɗaya zata dauki ƙwai 40 a ƙarƙashin fikafikanta. Duhun Merganser irin wannan aikin ba ya haifar da damuwa saboda girman jiki da nauyin kansa.

Maza ba sa shiga cikin tsarin yin katange ducklings. Yawancin lokaci suna barin matansu nan da nan. A gida, babu buƙatar samun abinci, saboda haka drakes sukan zama masu alhakin, manyan fayilolin kulawa.

Mace tare da 'Ducklings'

Yara suna kyankyashe da ruwan zaitun mai ruwan-zaren a cikin jiki. Bayan kwana biyu, suka tsallake zuwa daga mazaunin suka fara gudu bayan duck ɗin. Ci gaba yana tafiya a hankali. Babban mergansers suna koyon iyo ba dare ba fiye da kwanaki 10 na rayuwa, kuma watanni 2,5 kawai suka fara sauka. A halin yanzu, kajin suna gudu da sauri a ƙasa da kan ruwa. Saboda wannan iyawa, suna iyawa da basira daga ɓoye da masu haɗari da sauran haɗari.

Gidan Bird

Ducks duwatsun suna da ƙaunar 'yanci. Suna motsawa da yawa, don haka sarari wajibi ne. A 1 m 2 na dakin kada ta kasance fiye da manya 3. Ana yin aikin aƙalla 16 m 2, har ma da goma ko dozin irin ducks. Cramping yana haifar da damuwa, yana haifar da haɓaka haɓaka, rashin lafiya, da gwagwarmaya na internecine.

Mafi kyawun kayan don ducklings shine katako na katako 7-12 cm lokacin farin ciki. Sheathing an yi shi ne da allon ko murfin katako. Gidajen burodi da keɓaɓɓun gidaje sun fi dorewa, amma sun fi tsada da wahalar gini. Polycarbonate yana riƙe da zafi sosai, amma zai iya zama mai sauƙi ga ducks ducks bisa ga ɗabi'ar halitta. Itace tayi kyau sosai ta dukkan bangarori.

Mafi kyawun kayan don duckweed - katako na katako 7-12 cm

Farashin katako

Tsarin "gidan" ya hada da:

• tushe ko kafafu tare da tsawo na aƙalla cm 20. Tasowa daga ƙasa zai guji damuna da sanyi daga ƙasa, zai hana shigarwar jijiyoyi da ƙananann dabbobin. Kafafu suna da ƙarin fa'ida - ƙarin wuri don inuwa don ducks akan ranakun rani an ƙirƙira shi a ƙarƙashin zubar. Lokacin zabar tushe a ƙarƙashin bene, an shimfiɗa shimfidar lãka wanda karɓar dabbobi ba su yi haƙuri ba,
• benaye. A kan tushe na iya zama earthen tare da allon a saman ko kankare. Amma zafi da bushewa ya fi kiyayewa ta katako. Mutane da yawa sun fi son shi duka don tushe ko don haɓaka kan lags,
• ganuwar. Tare da kowane abu, zai zama dole a hankali don rufe dukkan fasa, gudanar da rufin da ya dace, yana da kyau a yi tagar taga ko gudanar da bututun iska,
• rufin. Zai iya zama ɗaya ko sau biyu. Kayan aikin rufi na iya zama wani abu, babban abu shi ne cewa ba shi wuce ruwa da magudanan ruwa. Mafi sau da yawa, zaɓin yana faɗo a kan tayal m yumbu ko Slate. A cikin rufin gable, yana da dacewa don yin ɗigon shaƙatawa wanda bugu da retaari yana riƙe da zafi. Shed ya zama ruwan dare tare da shimfidar polystyrene da aka fadada.

An sanya duckling a kafafu akalla 20 cm tsayi

Uyatnik a kantin fili

An zaɓi wurin da gidan yake a kan ƙaramin tudu, inda danshi ba ya tarawa a cikin hazo da raɓa da safe.Mafi kyawu don zaɓar gefen gefen shafin.

Gyaran Gida

Don samar da manyan mahaɗan tare da duk abin da ya cancanta zai taimaka mafi ƙarancin yanayi:

• hasken wuta. Ga nau'ikan daji, wannan alamar tana da mahimmanci musamman saboda ana amfani da tsuntsaye ne don kallon agogo na halitta. Haske ya kamata ya shiga ciki gwargwadon abin da zai yiwu. A gefe ɗaya na gidan suna yin windows ba kawai, har ma ramuka a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren bangon. Girman windows kadan ne domin haskoki kai tsaye ba su sha dumin ducks. A lokacin kaka-hunturu, za a buƙaci hasken wutan lantarki aƙalla awanni 14. Gilashin haske na 5 watts a 1 m 2 ya isa. sanya fitilu a sama sama da rufin,

Lamps a cikin duckbill

• dumama. Manyan mergansers suna yin haƙuri da matsakaiciyar sanyi ba tare da wata matsala ba. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, sun riga sun buƙaci dumama na wucin gadi. Don ingantaccen ƙwayar kwai, ƙimar nauyi, rigakafi, kiyaye yawan zafin jiki akalla 12 ° C. Don ƙananan ducklings, ana amfani da fitilar infrared; don ɗakuna masu girma, radiators,

• shimfidar ƙasa. Ducks ba sa son daskare su. Subcooling na iya haifar da mutuwa. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi 10-15 cm na ɓoyewa daga cakuda laushi, ciyawa, ash. A lokacin rani, ana ƙara yashi kogi. Wannan abun har ila yau yana kawar da yawan danshi. Wajibi ne a sauya aƙalla sau 1 a cikin makonni biyu, saboda ya zama kamar kuɗa,
• nests. An sanya su cikin layi ɗaya ko da yawa a matakan daban daban. Yana da kyau a saka mata ladabi, tunda tashi a cikin mutane ba koyaushe bane ya dace. Kamar yadda keke, akwatunan katako sun fi dacewa. Girman nests shine 25x35x40 cm. Yawan yana bisa ga adadin hens.

Mafi yawanci ana yin sa daga magagin katako

Hakanan wajibi ne don tunawa game da iska ta yau da kullun ta windows. Tsarin gwaji bai kamata ba. A lokacin rani, buɗe ƙofofin sosai.

Misalin Tsarin Mulki

Yana da kyau a rarraba duka sararin zuwa kananan yankuna inda za a shirya dangin 1 na drake da mata 3-4.

Misalin babban gida a ciki

Tafiya

Manyan mergansers suna buƙatar tafiya na yau da kullun a cikin sabon iska. Aikin yakamata ya zama kullun, mai zaman kansa na lokaci na shekara. Bangarorin ana yin su ne kawai na tsawon kwanaki tare da sanyaya a ƙasa -10 ° C, lokacin da akwai haɗarin sanyi mai sanyi. Wasu manoma a hankali suna yin rukunin yanar gizon tare da yiwuwar ruɓewar hunturu tare da ganuwar cirewa da rufi.

Tafiya take kan tafiya

Ginin yana da shinge mai tsayi na mita 1.5-2. A saman shine ƙera raga guda ɗaya daga tashi zuwa 'yanci. Ya kamata a sami sarari sosai. Kafin su shiga gidan, suna yin dogayen gada wanda aka yi da itace. Saboda haka, ana samar da sarari inda ducks za su iya samun tsari daga ruwan sama da rana. Kofofin ba sa rufe ƙofofin gidan yayin lokutan tafiya. A wannan lokacin, iska tana faruwa, a Bugu da kari, an cire bukatar fitar da masu kiwo a titi.

Samfuran kushin kusa da duck

Ya kamata a rufe paddock da ciyawa tare da tarin tsirar da yashi. A cakuda zai sha wuce haddi danshi, kawar da kumburi. Hakanan, wannan zaɓi yana ba ku damar guje wa kankara mai ƙarfi a cikin hunturu. Rashin kankara ya karye kuma ya fasa tare da rake kafin a saki tsuntsayen.

Abubuwan wanka

Sarari don yin iyo yana da mahimmanci ga duka ducks. Kayan daji suna buƙatar ƙarin ruwa a cikin yankin samun dama. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine a sami tafki, tafki ko kogi mai tsabta. Masu sauƙin haɗari koyaushe su koyi yin iyo da dawowa. Don ƙarin tabbaci a dawowar, fikafikan su yana da ɗan gogewa.

Idan samo asalin ruwan ruwa matsala ne, za'a shirya shi da gangan. Zai iya zama:

• kandami na wucin gadi a shafin,
• kwari ko rami cike da ruwa,
• babban gidan wanka
• gidan wanka ya binne a ƙasa.

Panyen kandami daga wanka a cikin yankin

A kowane hali, ruwan zai buƙaci a cire shi akai-akai kuma a maye shi da wani sabo. Cika datti yana haifar da gashin fuka-fukai tare, matsanancin cututtuka da guba na ducks. Yana da kyau a bar akalla kananan kifaye a cikin tanki don kada mutane su rasa sha'awar farauta. Yawancin manoma suna yin magudanan ruwa daga wuraren waha zuwa magudanar ruwa, suna yin kananan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa don ci gaba da gudanawar ruwa.

Yin tafki daga wanka

Ventirƙira

Kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin gidan:

• ciyar da rago. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don masu ciyar da duck. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan rawar ana yin shi ta tsararrun rakuman ruwa waɗanda aka yi da filastik ko itace. Yawancin lokaci ana yin su tare da rarrabuwa a tsakiya don tsuntsayen su iya zuwa daga bangarorin biyu kuma kada su tsoma baki tare da juna. An yi sassan jikin kunkuntar, ya fi fadi kadan fiye da baki. Wannan yana hana yaduwar abinci da tara datti a cikin mai sha. Wani zabin don kwandon “mai tsabta” shine bututun filastik mai faɗi 10 cm 8. Yana yin ramuka don cin abinci. Masu ciyarwa sun kafa, suna barin sarari don samun dama daga fuskoki daban-daban. An cika su da gwargwadon yawan burin, don haka ba a cika samun ramuka ta hanyar ducks ba,

Mai ba da tayin

Tsarin biyun mai ba da fifiko

• shan baka. Dole ne ya kasance duka biyu a kan paddock da kuma a ɗaka koyaushe. A lokacin rani, a kan titi zaku iya sanya tukwane na filastik na yau da kullun a cike. Ruwan da aka zubar an zubar da shi cikin ƙasa ba tare da wata matsala ba. Masu shaye-shaye na cikin gida wani nau'in bushewar bushewa anfi sonsu. Abincin atomatik zai taimaka wa manomi, kamar yadda ducks ke shan kusan 0.6 lita na ruwa a kowace rana. A lokacin hunturu, ba a yarda da shan ruwa a waje; a cikin matsanancin yanayi, suna cike tankuna da dusar ƙanƙara,

• ash da yashi. Kwalaye kusan 1,2 ta 1.8 m. Tsayi mai karɓa shine 20-25 cm. Sand da ash suna cakuda daidai gwargwado. Ana aiwatar da cika a ranar 2/3. A lokacin rani, ana saka akwatin a kan dindindin kuma ana canza abubuwan da ke ciki kowane mako biyu. A cikin hunturu, tsarin 1 ya isa kowane mako 2-3. Irin waɗannan baho suna taimakawa ducks mai tsabta gashin fuka-fukai, kawar da kwari, qwai. Kafin maye gurbin cakuda, ana lalata akwatunan tare da sinadarin permanganate na potassium. Lokacin da kake tafiya a kan wuraren yashi, zaku iya aiwatar da ƙasa da kullun, tunda ducks suna aiwatar da hanya da kansu.

Abincin

Abincin Big Merganser yana da kusanci da abin da ya dace da na halitta. Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga waɗanda aka shigar cikin gidan cikin samartaka. Abincinsu ya haɗa da ɗanye da gasasshen kifaye iri-iri, algae (kelp, rupee, distichlis), ƙaramin adadin bushe da ciyawa, ciyawar ciyawa.

Wannan jerin suna fadada don dabbobin da aka kyansu a gida. Itivearin abubuwa na gero, sha'ir, buckwheat, bran, nama da abincin ƙashi ba zai cutarwa ba. Sau da yawa abokan hamayya suna lura da ciyar da kayan lambu da kuma lemun tsami lemun tsami da kyau. Wani lokaci yana halatta a musanya samfuran kifi don madara mara ƙanƙara da ƙarancin gida mai ƙoshin inganci mai kyau. Kaji an kara da cakuda fararen kwai fari. A cikin hunturu, zaku iya ƙara man kifi don gyara don rashin bitamin.

Don rama don rashin bitamin, ana bada shawara don ba da mai mai kifi

An hana shi sosai don ba da hatsin rai (farin kawai lokaci-lokaci da bushe), samfuran da ke dauke da sukari, abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai. Za'a iya ƙara ƙarin ma'adanai don ciyarwa tare da ƙwayoyin masana'antu waɗanda aka yi musamman don daji.

Yawancin abinci a lokacin rani shine 2 (safe da maraice, lokacin rana), a cikin hunturu - 3 (safe, abincin rana, maraice). Yana da kyau a bi tsarin mulkin.

Yawan ciyar da ducks a kowace rana

Hanyar dafa abinci

An ba da hatsi a cikin steamed, sprouted da bushe siffan. Kayan lambu tart a kan grater a cikin Boiled ko sabo tsari. Ganyen yanka. An yanke kifin cikin manyan guda biyu don manyan yara ko an murƙushe su domin ducklings.

A cikin hunturu, ana ba da kayan abincin rigar yau da kullun da aka yi da hatsi, kifi, kayan lambu (karas, beets, wasu dankali). Tufafin zai iya zama kifi ko mai naman, whey ko ruwa. Cakuda yana da ɗan gishiri.

Da safe da maraice ya fi dacewa a bayar da ruwan inabin sabo ko tarko, kifi. A cikin feeders raba sa bushe hatsi gauraya da kwasfa dutse da alli.

Ana tsabtace masu ciyarwa bayan ciyarwa, a wanke a kai a kai daga magudanar ruwa da datti.

Rarrabe daga rigar ciyar, bushe hatsi gauraya tare da harsashi dutse da alli suna milked zuwa ducks

Kimanta zuriya da zaɓi don ƙabilar

A kan aiwatar da kiwo don biyo baya, an zaɓi mafi yawan samari da ƙarfi. Lafiya ducklings ya kamata:

• Warkar da igiyar warkar
• m halayen don rarrabe,
• ciki mai laushi
• daidaitattun daidaitattun launuka,
• idanu
• fuka-fuki ba suyi shege ba
• nauyi ba kasa da 50 g
• m karfin gwiwa.

Irin waɗannan kajin ne ke haɓaka cikin duwatsun da ke cike da ƙarfi, a ko'ina suna da nauyi kuma suna ba da zuriya a gaba.

Big Merganser duck tare da duckling

Manya a cikin garke suna ɗaukar kusan shekar guda ɗaya, nauyin jiki iri ɗaya. Wajibi ne a ɗauka cikin iyalan ducks da kwalliyar layin iyaye daban-daban. Layi ɗaya ba koyaushe dace da haifuwa. Kasuwanci tare da halayen aiki, jiki mai haɓaka, rayayyun tabarau madaidaiciya ba tare da gurbatattun launuka ana ɗaukarsu kyawawan mutane bane.

Ana amfani da layin dake samar da nama bai wuce watanni 8-12 ba.

Yadda za'a fara kuma me yasa ake kiwo

Tunda kusan ba zai yiwu ba saida Mafi Girma Mergansers, ana tura su cikin buɗaɗɗun-rami a cikin lokutan yanayi. Ducks da yardar rai ku shirya wuraren, daga inda zaku iya ɗauki eggsan ƙwai. Wa] ansu manoma na yin hora da kuma jawo tsohuwar kwanciya game da abinci. Wannan zabin yana da kyau, saboda a lokacin mace da kanta zata zauna kuma ta sami zuriya. Hakanan zaka iya kama mutane da yawa na kananan dabbobi. Suna daidaitawa da sabbin yanayi mafi sauqi kuma cikin sauri fiye da duwatsun da suka manyanta.

Yara za a iya fitar da ƙwai a cikin incubator ko ta kwanciya a ƙarƙashin wasu ducks bayan disinfection na kwasfa tare da potassium permanganate. Zai fi kyau ku ɗauki ƙwai daga qwai da yawa, domin a nan gaba gona za ta kakkarye gonar daga layin mahaifan da na uwa daban-daban.

A gida, ana ajiye kiwo na daji kamar tsuntsu mai ado, kan fuka-fuka da yin gawa. Ana iya siyar da wasu dabbobi da yawa a gidajen dabbobi, gidajen dabbobi da kuma gonaki. Mafarauta, masaniyar halitta da kuma mutanen da ke da sha'awar halittar suna son ci gaba da irin wannan duck. Ana shuka ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sau da yawa saboda ƙanshi mai daɗin nama. An kawar da wannan raunin ne kawai tare da tsararraki a sakamakon canjin canji na ciyarwa zuwa tsarin gida na yau da kullun.

Yin rami

Hollows don tafarkin an yi su ne da katako mai katako mai zurfi tare da ƙarancin ruɓa. Matsakaicin tsayi - cm cm 70. diamita a cikin mafita dole ne ya zama akalla 30 cm.

Mafi sau da yawa amfani da Aspen. Sanya chocks, sara. An samar da gutter, an datse masarar ruwa. Suna jan sassan tare da waya ko ɗaure tare da taimakon katako da ƙusoshin. Nail ƙasa, rufin. Top smeared tare da mai ruwa-ruwa bayani na ash. An rufe filaye da yumɓu. A ciki, an cika turɓayar itace da ɗanɗano da bambaro.

Duck yana tashi daga cikin rami

Manya suna sanya maɓuɓɓugan itace na itace ko rataye mita 3-5 akan bishiyoyi. Idan aka bar “gidaje” a ƙasa, an zazzage su zuwa gaba don hana tara ruwa a ciki da kuma sauƙaƙe ƙwarin kaji. Shigarwa ne da za'ayi dole kafin isowar mergansers. Maƙwabta masu kyau za su zama ƙazantattun abubuwa, cinya, warke. Su makiyaya ne masu kyau daga magabatan dangi da tsuntsayen da ke zaune kusa da su.

Ana cire ƙwai ko kajin sosai a hankali bayan cire murfin.

Ana yin gidajen duck bisa ga wannan ka’ida.

Shiryawa

Idan an dauki qwai daga gida, ana yin shiryawa don cirewa. Kafin aiwatar ya fara, abubuwan da ke ƙarƙashin kwasfa suna translucent tare da ovoscope don ware kayan maye. A cikin qwai mai kyau, gwaiduwa tana kwance a tsakiya, cibiyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyin jini a bayyane take, furotin ba shi da sikila, ɗakin iska yana kusa da ɗanɗano daɗi. Qwai yana tsoma shi a cikin maganin potassiumgangan, an goge shi kuma a sanya shi a cikin na'urar.

Kwai lafiya kalau

Na gaba, tsari yana tafiya a matakai:

• Mataki na 1. Yana zaune a mako. Halittar jikin yana faruwa a kai, zuciya zata fara bugun ta. Ana buƙatar zazzabi na 38 ° C, zafi 70% da 4 sau ɗaya kowace rana,
• 2 mataki. Yana wuce kwana 10 (daga kwanaki 8). An kafa kwarangwal. Zazzabi - 37,8 о С, zafi 45-50%, sauyawa 4-6 a kowace rana, 2 iska a kowace rana don mintina 15-20 don guje wa zafi, 1 fesa cikin awa 24,
• 3 mataki. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 8-10 (daga kwanaki 18). Zazzabi - 37,8 о С, zafi, gumi - 60%. 5 flips da har zuwa 3 sprays kowace rana (sauƙaƙe ƙwanƙwasawa),
• Mataki na 4. Daga kwana 28 zuwa farauta. Zazzabi - 37.5 С, zafi - 85%. Babu bukatar juyawa. Feshi lokaci-lokaci
• Mataki 5. Yana kwana guda bayan haihuwar ducklings. Kafin bushewa, kajin a cikin kwandon shara, sai a canza su zuwa akwati kuma a saka su kwana da yawa a zazzabi na 20-24 ° C. An shayar da kajin din kuma an ciyar dasu da dunƙule na gwaiduwa.

Ya kamata duckling mai lafiya, mai lafiya ya zama kusan 65 g.

Biyan kuɗi na Mergansers

A yanayi, zaku iya haɗuwa da nau'ikan waterfowl huɗu waɗanda aka yi la'akari:

1. babban merganser
2. merganser mai daɗewa,
3. flag sudars,
4. madauki.

A cikin hoto, dukansu za su ga kamar disheveled saboda halayen irinsu.

Mafi sau da yawa zaka iya ganin wakilin jinsi, wanda sunansa babban merganser. Yana da nauyi mai nauyi a maimakon (a cikin hunturu - har zuwa kilogiram 2). Wataƙila wannan ya sa ya zama abu mafi ban sha'awa ga farauta. Manyan merganser suna zaune galibi a cikin lakuna masu nutsuwa da koguna waɗanda ke kusa da arewacin taiga.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, a cikin yanayi akwai wasu wakilan jinsin duck merganser. Misali, matsakaici ko madaidaiciyar noganser (tana da mafi tsayi da kuzari da gajeriyar jiki, wacce ke bambanta ta da dangi). Wannan nau'in yana rayuwa musamman a cikin tundra da gandun daji na Eurasia. Yawancin lokaci ya rikice tare da tallafin kamar scaly merganser.

Scaly Merganser galibi tana cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya da China. Akwai wakilai kalilan da suka rage, kusan 1,500 nau'i-nau'i. Wannan shine dalilin shigowa cikin littafi.

Abokan gaba na abokan gaban duwatsun merganser

HOTO: Duhun Merganser

Duhun Merganser ba sauki bane ga makiya na halitta. Tana da manyan girma, kaifi mai kaifi, hakora mai kaifi. Ta sami ikon kiyaye kanta da zuriyarta. Koyaya, duck din ba koyaushe yana iya cin nasara ga abokin gaba.

Daga cikin mafiya hadarin abokan hamayyar mergansers akwai:

• foxes da karnuka karnuka. Waɗannan mafarautan suna ɓatar da gida na tsuntsaye, suna farauta kuma suna cin manya. Suna bin mazaunin mergansers da ƙanshi,
• tsuntsaye iri-iri. Babban haɗarin shine crows, shaho, manyan gulls, gaggafa, mujiya muji, magpies. Wadannan dabbobi yawanci kai hari kananan mergansers ko ducklings,
• otters, minks, martens, kuliyoyin daji. Wadannan magabatan ba su da yiwuwar kashe masu mergansers, saboda a gare su, duck na kilo biyu sau yakan zama yana da ƙarfi,
• wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wadannan dabbobi galibi suna cin ƙwai da ƙananan dabbobi, yayin da mahaifiyarsu take tafiya zuwa tafki.

Wasu nau'ikan ducks suna mutuwa daga manyan kifi. Da wuya abokan hamayyar su kawo irin wadannan mahangan. Wannan nau'in duck ya fi shafar mutane. Har yanzu mutane suna farautar mergansers daji kuma suna kashe su da adadi mai yawa. Kusan kowane maharbi mafarki na irin wannan ganima, saboda duck merganser yana da kyau sosai. Irin wannan farauta ya haifar da raguwa sosai a yawan jama'ar merganser a ko'ina cikin yanayin rayuwa.

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Menene ma'anar duck merganser?

Duhun Merganser shine nau'in halitta mai saurin faruwa. Duk da kwanciyar hankali na yawan jama'a, yawancin jinsunan waɗannan tsuntsayen suna cikin haɗari. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, an amince duck ɗin da cewa yana cikin haɗari, an jera shi cikin Littafin Red.

Meye dalilin bacewar jinsunan? Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu da sauran masana kimiyya suna gano dalilai da yawa waɗanda basu da tasiri ga adadin masu maye.

• harbi da ba a sarrafa shi ba daga mafarauta. Duk da ban da kare wadannan tsuntsayen, har yanzu ana ci gaba da harbin mahaɗan. Wadannan suna haifar da raguwa sosai a cikin adadin dabbobi,
• gurbata ruwa. Na tsawon rai, merganser na buƙatar tsaftataccen ruwa, kifi. Jikin ruwa a yawancin ƙasashe suna ƙazanta sosai, abinci ga ducks yana raguwa. Ingancin abinci ma yana wahala, wanda hakan ke cutar lafiyar tsuntsaye,
• gandun daji. Yawancin jinsunan merganser suna zaune a cikin gandun daji kusa da tafkuna. Ciyawar dabbobi da ke hana tsuntsaye girma daga farauta,
• aikin ɗan adam mai aiki. Mutane suna gurɓatar da iska, ƙasa, daɗaɗɗiyar haɓaka dabbobin daji.

Dukkanin abubuwan da aka ambata a sama suna haifar da jinkirin amma tabbas raguwa a yawan adadin masu maye. Hakanan, da yawa daga cikin ducks ɗin nan suke mutuwa yayin jirgin. Ducks, masu jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, mai tsawo.

Kariyar Merganser

Hoto: Duck Merganser daga littafin nan mai kyau

Ba za a kira asalin halittar mahaɗan da yawa, amma yawan jama'arta yana da tabbas. Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan irin waɗannan ducks ɗin suna kan ƙarshen ƙarewa, an jera su a cikin Littattafan Red of jihohi da yawa kuma suna buƙatar kariya. Speciesarancin da ke haɗarin haɗari sun haɗa da scaly da mergansers na Brazil. Manyan ducks da dogon hanci ba su da haɗari a yau, sun riƙe wadataccen ɗimbin duk mazaunan wurin.

Ana ɗaukar matakan masu zuwa don kare ducks na mergansers kuma don ci gaba da ɗumbin jama'arsu:

• ci gaba da saka idanu. Masana kimiyya suna saka idanu sosai kan halin da ake ciki yanzu, bin diddigin adadin ducks, halin lafiyar su. Suna nazarin abubuwanda zasu iya yin illa ga rayuwar waɗannan tsuntsayen,
• ƙirƙirar wuraren shakatawa masu kariya. Ga waɗannan ducks, an ƙirƙiri wuraren shakatawa na musamman tare da duk yanayin zama dole. A can, tsuntsaye suna ƙarƙashin amintattun awa 24,
  kiwo da tsuntsaye a bauta.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abin takaici, wasu nau'in merganser sun riga sun lalace. Don haka, yanzu za'a iya ganin Oakland merganser a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya kawai. Garkunan daji, kuli da aladu su ne ke da alhakin kisan nasa.

Duck merganser - Kirkirar kyakkyawa ce mai kyawu. Wadannan waterfowl suna da sabon abu, launi mai haske, halaye masu ban sha'awa. An rarrabasu cikin nau'ikan da yawa, kowannensu na musamman ne ta yadda yake. Yawancin nau'in merganser a yau suna cikin haɗari, saboda haka aikin mutane shine kare su da taimakawa wajen dawo da yawan jama'a.