The biri howler (Aloautta senikulus) - biri biri mai yawa, sun kasance daga dangin arannids. Wannan nau'in birai sun sami ɗaukaka na agogo na yanayi, ana iya jin sautinsa a sanyin safiya a lokaci guda. Maharba suna da yanayin kirki, ba shi yiwuwa a dube su ba tare da murmushi ba.
Penetrating, kusan idanun mutane, kamar dai su shiga cikin zurfin rai. Da alama dabbar ta fahimci mai shiga tsakanin ba tare da kalma ɗaya ba. Sun dace da gyaran gida, amma suna jin an kame su kuma yawanci kawai suna baƙin ciki. Zai fi kyau idan ɗan biri mai ci ke zaune a cikin fakitin cikakken rayuwa, kuma ba cikin keji ba.
Rayuwar magabata
The biri howler zaune a cikin m gandun daji dake a cikin tsaunuka yankin na Tsakiya da Latin Amurka. Waɗannan mutane suna zaune a cikin iyalai dabam dabam, waɗanda a cikinsu akwai 15an shekaru 15 zuwa 40. A cikin irin waɗannan al'ummomin, za a iya samun namiji ɗaya da ƙugu na mata. Amma mafi yawancin lokuta shine dangi inda maza da yawa na shekaru daban-daban, haka kuma mata.
Kamar yadda kuka sani, howlers suna aiki da rana. Sun fi yawancin lokacin su a cikin bishiyoyi. A lokacin hutu, biri yayi kusan kashi 75% na lokacinsa. Ragowar lokacin howrs sun sadaukar da ciyarwa. A cikin lokutan bushewa, dabbobi suna yin juyawa da ƙaura. Hakan ya faru ne sakamakon raguwar hanyoyin abinci. Gashinan yana taimaka musu motsawa da motsawa cikin bishiyoyi, suna kwace abinci. Suna zaune cikin kungiyoyi ko dangi, ba sa gina mazauna, sun fi son su zauna kai tsaye a kan rassan babban bene. Ba sa son saukar ƙasa, suna tsoron yin iyo.
Bayanin matafiya
Jumla da babban dabbar dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da bayyanuwa ta ban mamaki da babbar murya, saboda hakan ne ya sami shahara sosai tsakanin mutane. Halin halittar Howler yanzu ya ƙunshi nau'ikan mutum goma sha biyar da ƙananan tallafi waɗanda ke da bambance-bambance da yawa a bayyanar.
Bayyanar
Jikin almara howler yana da girma babba da yawa. Tsawon jikin mutum ya kai 62-63 cm, kuma mace tsakanin 46-60 cm. Wutsiya tana kamawa tana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kuma tsawon wutsiya na mazan saurayinta yakai kusan 60-70 cm. A cikin mace, wutsiyar tana da tsayin daka. ya bambanta tsakanin 55-66 cm.Daga dabba dabba tana da nauyi mai ban sha'awa: nauyin namiji shine kilogiram 5-10, kuma macen da ta manyanta tana cikin nauyin 3-8.
Tasirin bayyanar mai duba shine kasancewar ƙusoshin ƙusoshin ƙanƙan da manyan hakora talatin da shida, waɗanda ke bawa dabbobi masu shayarwa harma da tsoro. Muƙamula ɗan birni yana da faffada kuma ya ɗanɗaɗɗa gaba, ƙyallinsa masu ban sha'awa suna ba da irin wannan dabba da sauri don samo kwakwa da sauƙin sha madara daga gare su.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Mazinaci mai haila mai jima'i yana da dogon gemu wanda dabi'ar ya bambanta shi da mace, kuma yanki gabaɗayan aski yana wakilta kunnuwa, fuska, dabino da ƙafa.
Shahararrun muryoyin Columbia galibi baƙi ne a launi, kuma a ɓangaren ɓangaren akwai wando mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai kama da sutturar ƙawa. Tailarshen maƙarfan zaki yana kama da kasancewar halayen m, wanda maharbi ke amfani dashi don kama abinci. Tare da tsawon tsawon wutsiya akwai tsarin da aka fasalta ko scallops peculiar. Kowane kafa na dabbobi masu shayarwa sanye take da faffaffun kafa biyar.
Menene mahaukacin ke ci
Abincin waɗannan dabbobi ya bambanta sosai: farawa daga furanni da ƙare tare da manyan macizai. Sun fi son dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsuntsaye, da kuma kwari. A cikin rigar yanayi, howlers bazai daina bada 'ya'ya ba. A ranar, dabbar za ta iya cin ganye da yawa, harbe-tsire da 'ya'yan itatuwa. An tsara kirjin su ta hanyar da zai dace kuma da sauri aiwatar da cellulose. Godiya ga wannan, dabba za ta iya ci na tsawon makonni ne kawai ganye da furanni, yayin da jiki ba zai rasa ƙarancin abubuwan gina jiki.
Kiwo
Red howlers za su iya kiwo a ko'ina cikin shekara. Ba sa ƙirƙirar nau'i-nau'i na dindindin, saboda haka duk lokacin da suka yi aure tare da sabon abokin tarayya. Bayan kwanakin 186-194 na ciki, mace, kamar yawancin magabata, ta haihu daya mai girma. Tsawonsa ya kai 17-24 cm, wutsiya ta fi tsayi fiye da jiki. Cubs an rufe su da ulu. Sun manne cikin tsananin zafin rai game da furcin kan mahaifiyar.
Lokacin da yara suka girma, mata suna ɗauke da su a bayansu. Ciyar da madara yana tsawon watanni 18-24. Duk wannan lokacin yaran suna zaune a bayan mace. Ya kasance saboda tsawan lactation ne mata sukan haihuwar 'ya' yansu duk shekara 2-3. A wasu yanayi, mace na iya haihuwar tagwaye. Wani lokacin sabon shugaba yakan kashe 'ya' yan matan da suke da su. Dalilin zaluntar ba a bayyane yake ba. Wataƙila maza suna yin wannan don su sami damar yin tarayya da mace.
Me yasa suke hayaniya?
Ana jin kukan wadannan birai a matsayin mafi karfi a cikin mulkin dabbobi. Ana iya sauraron su tsawon kilomita 1.6. Charles Darwin ya hango cewa a cikin tsaka-tsaki, namiji wanda ya yi kururuwa da ƙarfi, don haka ya nuna ƙarfinsa kuma ya jawo hankalin yawancin mata. An tabbatar da wannan zato ga wasu nau'in kwalayen biri, amma game da mahauta, har yanzu akwai ƙaramin shaida don tallafawa wannan.
A cewar wata ka'ida, garken mawaƙa da kukansu suna da'awar hakkin bishiyoyi. Wannan zato kamar gaskiya ne, amma yanayin juyin halittar tsiro yana buƙatar ƙarin binciken. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gudanar da bincike na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka game da hawaye-rayuwar masu neman aiki waɗanda ke amsa waɗannan tambayoyin.
Maharbaƙi suna fitar da kukansu mai kama da yaƙi, suna hura iska ta cikin rami a cikin wani ƙara girman ɗawainiya da hawayensu. Karancin laryngeal a cikin maza ya fi girma fiye da na mace. Sautunan da maza ke da nau'ikan nau'ikan sun dogara da girman guringuntsi. Gan wasan zaki na howler yana da gwanayen ƙwayar cuta mafi girma a cikin mahaifa fiye da na ƙasar Colombia. Kukan farkon kamar baƙin ciki mai zurfi ne, na biyu kuma yana kama da ruri.
Dukkanin mazajen garken sukan gudanar da waƙoƙin faɗakarwa "waƙoƙin waƙoƙi", wanda maza wasu mahara suka amsa. Yankunan da makiyaya suka mallaki wasu yankuna sun mamaye filayen sauran garkunan. Idan maza kuka a cikin asubahi, da kuma duk lokacin da garken garke zuwa sabon wurin ciyarwa, hakanan zasu isar da bayani game da inda suke zuwa makiyayan makwabta.
Idan garke biyu suka hadu, wani abin da ba a iya tsammani ba ya tashi. Duk mutane, musamman mazan maza, suna farawa, tsalle, gudu, wani lokacin kuma suna faɗa. Mace daga garken biyu suna ta gudu suna watsawa wani lokacin kuma suna ɓacewa cikin daji. A bayyane, domin kauce wa rashin jituwa tsakanin garkunan, maza suna ruri.
Maharba suna da matsayi tsakanin garke. Ya danganta ne da halayen fada da daidaituwa tsakanin maza manya. Sauraren kukan mahara na garken mai ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi zai iya gujewa karowa tare da shi don kiyaye ƙarfin su. Amma garken mai ƙarfi a lokaci guda yana da fa'ida, tunda membobin sa basu da ikon kare bishiyoyi.
Don haka, dalilin yin ruri shi ne taimaka wa birai suyi amfani da wurin rayuwarsu ta hanya mafi kyau kuma ba wahala daga karancin abinci ba.
Babban haɗari na musamman ga masu satar
Firamare ba sa kawo lahani. A dabi'a, saboda mazaunin su, kusan basu da abokan gaba. Babban haɗarin: yawan jama'ar karkara. Mafarauta suna kashe masu kashe-kashe don biyan bukatun abincinsu. Wasu lokuta ana amfani da magudanun don dalilai na kimiyya. Daga cikin abubuwan haɗari na duniyar daji, mutum ɗaya ne kaɗai za'a iya rarrabewa - ƙaƙƙarfan parasitic. Tana zaune akan makogwaron maharbi, wanda ke haifar da wata cuta. Sakamakon irin wannan “sanin da muka samu da ɗan kwari shine mutuwar mai yi.
Mazauna, jinsunan howler
Howlers (Aloautta) - wakilan dangin birai da aka suturta su (capuchins). Suna da shimfida mafi girman yanki idan aka kwatanta da sauran birai na New World. An samo shi daga kudancin Mexico zuwa arewacin Argentina. Yawancin nau'o'in gandun daji, tsintsaye, da savannahs na daji. Sun hau zuwa tsayin mita 2500 sama da matakin teku. Fi son ƙananan ƙananan da na tsakiyar gandun daji.
A danginsu, howlers sune manyan birai. Tsawon jikinsu dangane da nau'in ya bambanta daga 45 zuwa 63 cm, taro yana iya kaiwa har zuwa kilo 9. Mayafin waɗannan firam ɗin ya daɗe sosai, launin yana bambanta daga haske zuwa ja zuwa baƙi.
Wutsiya ya fi tsayi fiye da jiki. Gabaɗaya, wutsiyar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa: biri yayi amfani dashi azaman karin hannun (ya riƙe shi ta reshe, ya kama abubuwa da dama, da sauransu). Yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi cewa mayler zai iya ɗaure saƙo tare da ƙarshen wutsiyarsa kuma ya rataye kansa har tsawon lokaci.
Gaba ɗaya, akwai nau'ikan 6 a cikin halittar Aloautta.
1) Howler ta Amurka (Alouatta pigra)
Tana faruwa ne a gabar Yucatan (Mexico), a Guatemala, Belize.
Mafi yawan jinsunan. Mayafin yana da laushi, baki.
2) Jikan Columbia Howler (Alouatta coibensis)
Yana zaune a Tsakiyar Amurka.
Katako daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa baki, tare da turaren zinare a bayan, a gefunan jiki mai launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa
3) Red howler (Alouatta seniculus)
Yana faruwa daga arewacin Colombia zuwa tsakiyar Bolivia.
Mayafin launin ruwan kasa-brown, ciki ya fi sauƙi, gemu yayi duhu.
4) Jarumi dauke da makamai (Alouatta belzebul)
Tana zaune a kudancin Amazonia daga Kogin Madeira har zuwa tekun Atlantika.
Launin rigar ta daga launin ruwan kasa-baki zuwa baƙi, paws da tip na wutsiya suna da ja.
5) Kawa howler (Alouatta guariba)
Mazaunan Tekun Atlantika na Brazil.
Mayafin yana da baki, launin ruwan kasa ko ja mai duhu, mace tayi haske fiye da maza.
6) Black howler (Alouatta caraya)
An samo shi a kudancin Brazil, a Bolivia da Argentina.
Maza gaba daya baƙi ne, mace mace ce mai ruwan zaitun.
Abincin
Babban kayan abinci na mayr ganye ne. Itaciyar itaciya tana rufe da ciyawa mai yawa duk shekara, don haka basu da matsala wajen samun abinci.
Tare da irin wannan yalwar ganye, mutum zai iya yin mamakin dalilin da yasa sauran jinsunan birai basu zama cin ganye ba. Tabbas, yawancin magabatan na wurare masu zafi basa cinye ganye a yawan adadin masu gudu, wasu kuma basa cin su kwata-kwata.
Amma ganyayyaki suna da gagarumin rabe-rabe - suna da ƙananan kalori. Domin haɓaka ƙarfin dawowar su, howlers dole ne su zaɓi zaɓaɓɓu. Suna neman matasa ne kawai, waɗanda suke da tushen tushen ƙarfin kuzari.
A ganyen howler kadai zasu iya ɗaukar makonni da yawa, amma in ya yiwu, suna cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni.
Yadda masu aikin dole ke yin aiki da wani tsari mai tsafta na samar da makamashi, wanda ke da alaƙa da abincinsu mai kalori. Ba sa ɓata kuzarinsu a banza: fiye da rabin lokacin rana, dabbobi suna bacci ko kuma kawai shakata, kuma suna ba da ragowar lokacin abinci.
Yadda masu aikin suka nuna rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin maza da mata. Aikin maza shi ne kare garken daga masu farauta da sasanta rikici tsakanin dangi. Da babbar murya da kuka, suna da'awar 'yancin bishiyoyi a cikin yankin garken. Mata kuwa, a halin yanzu, sun sadaukar da kansu sosai wajen kula da zuriya.
Inda muryar kuka take zaune
Matsayin mazaunin mawaƙa shine filin da ke da tsaunuka daban-daban. Ba a banda keɓaɓɓun wurare da ruwa mai kwari. Kwanan nan, an yi rikodin ƙaura mai yawa zuwa biranen don shuka kofi, watau - zuwa ɓangaren kudancin Mexico.
Babu hayaniya ta fara rayuwar rayuwa
Kamar yadda kuka sani, howlers suna aiki da rana. Sun fi yawancin lokacin su a cikin bishiyoyi. A lokacin hutu, biri yayi kusan kashi 75% na lokacinsa. Ragowar lokacin howrs sun sadaukar da ciyarwa. A cikin lokutan bushewa, dabbobi suna yin juyawa da ƙaura. Hakan ya faru ne sakamakon raguwar hanyoyin abinci. Gashinan yana taimaka musu motsawa da motsawa cikin bishiyoyi, suna kwace abinci. Suna zaune cikin kungiyoyi ko dangi, ba sa gina mazauna, sun fi son su zauna kai tsaye a kan rassan babban bene. Ba sa son saukar ƙasa, suna tsoron yin iyo.
Ganin maharbi a doron ƙasa abu ne mai ɗanɗano gani.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Howler yana daya daga cikin mafi girma a Brazil. Irin wannan jigon birgima ce mai ƙayatarwa, kuma biri mai ban mamaki da wutsiya ingantacciya yana amfani da shi a yayin da biri ya zama na paw na biyar. A dabi'ance su, duk masu tambaya suna zama dabbobi masu shayarwa wadanda suke aiki kawai lokacin lokutan hasken rana.
Jerin kulawar yau da kullun sun hada da zagaya yankinku, da ciyarwa. Da magariba ne kawai mahauta suka gwammace su kwana, amma wasu mazan ma da daddare basu gushe da ihu da karfi ba kuma suna matukar firgita.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Wani lokacin sanadin fadace-fadace na jini alamu ne na kulawa wacce mace zata auri kishiyarta, mallakar ƙungiyar maƙwabta ne, kuma faɗa tsakanin maza suna da matuƙar zafi, yayin da wanda yai nasara dole ya gama wanda aka azabtar dashi.
A cikin daji, magabatansu suna haɗuwa cikin al'ummomin iyalai na musamman, waɗanda yawanci kan haɗa daga mutane goma sha biyar zuwa goma sha bakwai. A cikin kowane irin wannan rukunin ya kasance akwai babban namiji, da mataimakinsa da mata dayawa.
Yana da babban ruri cewa namiji howler yana sanar da game da iyakokin duk yankinsa, amma rashin cikakken yanki na shafin yakan haifar da fadace-fadace tsakanin kungiyoyi da yawa. A cikin irin waɗannan gwagwarmaya ne maza da yawa suka mutu.
Amfanin da cutarwa ga mutane
Babu wata illa daga wadannan dabbobi ga mutane. Amma fa fa'idar ita ce yawan mutanen karkara suna cin naman mai ƙonawa. Hakanan an sani cewa ana amfani da waɗannan birai don dalilai na kimiyya.
Kuma jin sautin karar hayaniya, kada ku yi hanzarin gudu, watakila biri mai iska ne. Wannan ƙaramar dabba ce, tsawon jikinta daga 40 zuwa 70 santimita, kuma nauyin jikinta shine kilogram 6 kawai. Tare da irin wannan karamin girman, ana jin rurin birai tsawon kilomita da yawa. Shahararrun nau'ikan how how sune ja howler da kuma howler na Amurka; na karshen suna da launin gashi mai launi.
Howlers for "mai tsarkakewa"
Da wadannan kukan, da birai ke hulɗa da danginsu kuma suna faɗin mata, don haka suke sanar da inda suke. Birai na aiki da rana, ciyar da abinci irin shuka, ganyen bishiyoyi ko 'ya'yan itace. Maharbi yakan huta da kashi 75%, sannan kuma sauran lokacin da ya nemi abinci. A cikin gandun daji masu arziki na Kudancin Amurka, samun 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi suna da sauƙi.
Howlers suna zaune a kungiyoyi. Su birai ne na bishiyoyi, wannan yana nufin cewa da wuya su gangara duniya. Suna zaune a saman dajin. Dogon wutsiya yana taimaka wa dabba sosai daga motsa zuwa reshe. Ba sa yin girke-girke, sun fi son su kwana a kai tsaye a kan bishiyar “bare”.
Red howrs
A lokacin tarawa, mace na wasa namiji tare da rawa kuma yana nuna cinya ta kumbura. Bayan ɗan lokaci, an haifi jariri, nauyinsa 500 kawai. Jaririn ya kasance tare da mahaifiyarsa har zuwa wata shida, bayan mahaifiyar tayi kokarin bata lokaci da shi. A shekara ta howler ya riga ya zama mai 'yanci.
Kwanan nan, masana kimiyya sun yi binciken. Sun fahimci cewa da kukan da mai kara yake yi, karami ne. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa gudummawar albarkatu don haɓaka haɓaka mai ƙarfi da gabobin da ke da alaƙa yayin haɓakar ɗan mara ba ya barin makamashi don ci gaban manyan gabobin ciki.A gefe guda, yana iya kasancewa cewa ligaments masu ƙarfi da pharynx suna korar sauran maza don ta yadda yakamata su kuma ja hankalin mata da cewa masu mallakinsu basa buƙatar siyan manyan ƙwarya.
Howlers (Alautauta) asalin halitta ne wanda ya hada wakilan manyan birai mallakar manya-manyan arachnids (Atelidae). Irin waɗannan wakilai masu haske da baƙon abu na makarantar dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma tsarin Primates suna da ikon yin sautikan sauti masu ƙarfi, wanda shine dalilin asalinsu.
Habitat, mazauni
Leran ƙaramin ɗalibin jajayen makamai (Alouatta bélzebul) suna da yawa ga ƙasar Brazil kuma ana samun ta a kudu maso gabas na Amazon da kuma yankunan da ke gabar teku da ke tsakanin Sergipe da Rio Grande do Norte. Black howler (Alouatta caraya) ana samunsa a arewa maso gabashin Argentina, a gabashin yankin Bolivia, gabas da kudu na Brazil ko kuma a Paraguay, kuma tare da launin ruwan kasa, wannan nau'in an rarraba shi a matsayin mafi yawan kudancin duk wakilan manyan kwayoyin halitta.
Mabiyan Guyana (Alouatta macconnelli), wanda ba a daɗe ba ya zama ruwan dare, yana da faɗi a cikin tsaunukan Guiana, a arewacin kogin Amazon, a gabashin Rio Negro da kuma a kudu na Orinoco, yanayin garin na iya kasancewa yana kusa da kudu daga yankin Amazon, a cikin yankuna tsakanin kogin Madeira da Tapajos.
Wannan abin ban sha'awa ne! Coiban howler (Alouatta coibensis) wakilai biyu ne suka wakilce shi kuma yana da matukar mahimmanci ga Panama, kuma Brown howler (Alouatta guariba) yana zaune ne a cikin gandun daji a kudu maso gabashin Brazil kuma ana samun shi a arewa maso gabashin Argentina.
Wakilan jinsunan Amazonian howler (Alouatta nigerrima) wasu lokuta da suka gabata ana daukar su wakilan masu farauta ne. Suna zaune a yankuna da ke da alaƙa da tsakiyar Brazil. Bolivian howler (Alouatta sara) suna zaune ne a kan iyakar arewacin da tsakiyar Bolivia, har zuwa kan iyakoki da Peru da Brazil. Ana samun mazinaciyar Amurka ta Tsakiya (Alouatta pigra) a cikin gandunan daji na ruwan sama na Belize, Mexico da Guatemala. Jaja ko ja howler (Alouatta seniculus) wataƙila mazaunin yankuna ne da suka tashi daga Amazon zuwa Colombia, daga tsakiyar Bolivia zuwa Ekwado.
Rarraba
Masu farautar jan kaya suna zaune ne a yamma da kwarin Amazon da ke gabashin Andes a bakin Kogin Madeira. An samo su a cikin Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador da Brazil. Don mazauninsu, sun zabi gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a tsawan sama da 1200 m sama da matakin teku.
Yawancin rayuwar su suna amfani da itace. Saƙon wutsiya mai sassauƙa, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman ƙarin reshe, yana taimaka musu suyi sauri tsakanin rassan. Bayan da ya sauko ƙasa, biri yayi tafiya akan kafa huɗu, yana haɗuwa da tafiya da ƙananan tsalle-tsalle.
Halayyar
Howlers suna zaune a cikin kungiyoyi, wanda yawanci yawanci shine mutane 5-7. A saman shi koyaushe shine mafi ƙarfi da ƙwararrun maza.
Birai suna jagoranci rayuwar yau da kullun. Yayin da suke neman abinci, ƙungiyar a hankali a hankali suka kama hanyar zuwa saman bishiyun, ba tare da fitar da wani kukan yaƙi ba. Kasancewar howrs yana ba kawai ragowar abincin da ke ƙasa su faɗi.
Idan akwai haɗari, duka garken sun dace da azzalumi da ƙyallen da kayayyakin aikinsa masu mahimmanci, da gangan don motsawa zuwa wuri mai aminci. Galibi irin wannan wurin suna rassa ne a saman ruwa.
Birai suna saukowa daga bishiyoyi musamman gishiri. Don dawo da daidaitaccen gishirin a cikin jiki, suna shan ruwan sha daga puddles ko dutse mai laushi wanda ke da ma'anar ma'adinai.
Abincin mayler ya hada da 'ya'yan itace, kwayoyi, furanni, da ganyayyaki matasa na tsire-tsire masu ci.
Birai suna ƙaunar barci kuma suna ciyar da aƙalla awanni 14 a cikin mafarki. Yawancin abinci a cikin carbohydrates yana sa su adana makamashi kuma su guji matsala tare da wakilan sauran ƙungiyoyi.
Jin hayaniya mai ƙarfi yana taimakawa don tabbatar da haƙƙoƙinku zuwa yankin da ajiye ƙarfin ku don abinci. Idan karo ya faru ba makawa, maza za su yi kokarin lalata da lesan’uwan maza na ƙungiyar baƙon, suna ganinsu a matsayin abokan gasa na gaba.
Dabbobi: Alouatta seniculus Linnaeus = Ginger [Red] Howler
Red howler, ja howler: Alouatta seniculus Linnaeus, 1766 - yana zaune ne a arewacin Kudancin Amurka daga Columbia zuwa Venezuela. Red howler rajista ne a Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana ta Faransa, Peru, Suriname da Venezuela.
Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan dabbobi a cikin birai na Amurka, girman babban kare. Fusoshin tsirara ne, bugu da ƙugiya, tare da manyan muzzles da hanci masu tasowa. Maharba ja suna da wuyar ƙarfi da kuma jujjuyawar ƙananan ƙananan raƙumi, wanda ke ba su bayyanar firgita da magana mai ban sha'awa.
Red howlers suna da dogon gashi, silky. Duka maza da mata suna da dogon wutsiya mai kama da juna, wacce take rufe danshin fur ban da banbance ta uku, wacce babu ita. Wannan sigar sabuntawa ne don ɗaukan rassan wutsiya.
Red howlers suna da manyan motsi na sama tare da kaifi mai kaifi, wanda suke amfani da shi don nika harbe-harben, manyan glandan gwal suna taimakawa tsarin narkewar abinci da rushe tannins da ke cikin tsiron shuka kafin abinci ya isa ciki da hanjin.
Launin rigar yana da launi mai laushi ko tan, ko da yake inuwarta ta canza ɗan lokaci tare da shekaru.
Red howlers ana nuna shi ta hanyar yin jima'i a cikin girman jikin mutum. Tsawon kai da jikin mace shine cm 46-57, maza sunkai 49-72 cm, tsumagiyar wutsiya (49-75 cm). A matsakaita, nauyin jikin howler shine kilogiram 4-6-6.5, bisa ga wasu bayanan, ya banbanta da 5700-7400 g, yayin da matsakaicin nauyin maza da mata shine 6.690 g da 5.210 g, bi da bi.
Jariri mai walwala yana zaune a cikin ruwan dazuzzukan da ke cike da tsaunuka da tsaftatacce.
Abokan gaba: Mikiya hargulu sun sami nasarar farauta samari ba kawai, harma da maharbi masu jan ido. Akwai abin kallo yayin da wata babbar harba ta afka wa wani saurayi dattijo, ya kama ta da firam dinsa kuma ya dauke ta kimanin mita 30 ta cikin iska. Abin sha'awa shine, mikiya masu nauyi a kasa da maza masu girma.
Yawancin matasa suna mutuwa daga mazajen baƙi waɗanda ke mamaye ƙungiyar dangi. Kuma kodayake iyaye mata suna ƙoƙarin kare jariransu, kashi 25 cikin 100 ne kawai ke rayuwa cikin nasara. Rashin haihuwa shine babban dalilin mutuwar yara a masu jan kunne.
A bayyane yake, waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa cikin bauta har zuwa shekaru 25, cikin yanayi - ƙasa da ƙasa. Animalaya daga cikin dabbobi da aka haife shi har yanzu yana raye bayan shekara 22.8 a zaman bauta.
Red howrs - sanannen don "waƙar asuba": wani kururuwa mai amo wanda ana iya jinsa a nesa mai nisan kilomita 5. Wannan rawar takaici, wanda maza suka yi shi ne, duk sauran gungun mafiya yawan tsofaffi ne ke amsawa daga kunnuwa. Don haka, yanke hukunci guda ɗaya na iya sanar da ɗayan game da abin da ya ƙunsa da ainihin matsayinsa, waɗanda suke guje wa tashe-tashen hankula masu tsada sakamakon rikice-rikice da sarrafa albarkatu. Kari akan wannan, wannan kiran yana sanarda dabbobi da dabbobi game da inda suke danginsu.
Red howlers ne farkon kore-masu ci, ciyar da yafi kan matasa ganye da harbe da kuma 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Ganyayyaki suna ɗauke da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, amma hanjin mai howler yana da ɓangarori biyu inda ƙwayoyin cuta da ke narkewar sel suke zaune. Jiki ya sha kashi daya bisa uku na jiki. Lowerarancin maɓallin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi shima yana taimakawa sosai ta ɗanɗano ganyen. Howlers za su iya cin ganye guda ɗaya na tsawon makonni, ba tare da wahala musamman ga ƙarancin abubuwan abinci ko abubuwan da aka gano ba.
Red howrs kuma inganta narkewa da ingancin abinci, suna zaɓar da farko m matasa harbe da suke da matukar gina jiki. Bugu da kari, suna cin kwayoyi, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki, da furanni idan an samu su. Kananan dabbobi kuma galibi ana cin su idan birrai suka kama su. Wadannan ciyarwa suna da mahimmancin ƙari ga abincin biri, wanda shine 40% kore kore.
Maharba sukan kwashe kusan dukkan rayuwarsu a matakin farko na gandun daji, inda suke ciyar da ganyayyaki, fure, da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Saboda ƙarancin kalori na abincin da aka cinye, ana tilasta masu jan wuta don adana ƙarfin su ta hanyar motsawa a hankali da kaɗan cikin gandun daji, suna rufe kusan 400 m kowace rana. Manyan searan adam suna neman abinci don naúrar a cikin rawanin gandun daji.
Birai sun fi yin aiki da safe da maraice, suna hutawa galibin tsakiyar rana dare da rana, suna barci a cikin bishiyoyi. Godiya ga karbuwarsu da saurin su, suna iya samun damar yin bacci awanni 15 a rana.
Wannan nau'in yana amfani da wutsiyarsa lokacin motsawa azaman tallafi da kuma daidaita daidaituwa, amma musamman lokacin ciyarwa, don cire reshe tare da magani.
Masu raunin bakin ruwa suna jin daɗin dariya game da ranakun ruwan sama a lokacin damina mai zafi.Don amsa yawan ruwan sama, sukan yi kuka kafin su kusanto, kuma da farkon ruwan sama suna zama ba motsi, suna ta ɗora har sai ruwan sama ya ƙare.
Jim kadan bayan wayewar gari, kowane gungun mahauta, a wani wuri mai nisan kusan 20 m sama da kasa, suna yin aƙalla aƙalla mintuna 15 cikin waƙoƙin babbar waƙoƙi, sun katse don sauke numfashi, da sauraren waƙoƙin maƙwabta na mahara.
Maza matasa maza suna zaune a waje da tawagar lokacin da suka balaga. Da yake sun balaga, suna neman sabbin toan wasan da za su kasance tare da shi. Dangane da sabon sa'ilin, namiji yakan kashe duk zuriyarsa ta wacce ta gabata, mafi girman maza, wanda ya dauki nauyinta, don tabbatar da cewa bai bata lokaci ba, yana kallon yaran wani biri, amma yaci gaba da haihuwa.
Howlers suna zaune a cikin gungun dangi na mutane 5-40, daga cikinsu guda ɗaya, ba sau biyu ba - maza manya.
Bayan sun balaga, za a kori samari daga rukunin dangi kuma an tilasta musu neman sabon garken. A yayin da aka yarda da namiji, sai ya fara lamuran samari, yana nuna rashin gamsuwarsa da wasu zuriya, sai dai nasa. Iyaye mata sun kare yara, amma a wannan yanayin, bayan zaluntar maza, babu sama da 25% na dukkan zuriya suna rayuwa. Bayan haihuwa, maraƙi ya zama abin kula da mata da yawa, kusan waɗannan matan waɗanda basu da zuriya suna kula da shi. Maza suna jure wa zuriyarsu, sun bar theya toan rakuma su yi tafiya da su.
Kamar sauran nau'ikan farauta, sun fara haifuwa duk shekara. Koyaya, bisa la’akari da lura daga Venezuela, ba lallai ne a haifi zuriya ba a lokacin damina daga Mayu zuwa Yuli. Ana maimaita hanyoyin zagayowar a duk ranakun 16-20, kuma mace ta zama mai saukin kamuwa da daskarewa da juna biyu har tsawon kwanaki 2-4.
Bayan haihuwa, jarirai yawanci sukan zama abin kula da mata da yawa waɗanda suka zama ƙungiyar. Yawancin lokaci, waɗannan mata ne ba tare da babiesa babiesan jariransu ba, kuma illolinsu yana jan hankalin waɗannan jariran. Mata suna da abokantaka sosai ga jarirai. Yawancin lokaci har ma wani lokacin suna ba da damar jariri ya yi biris da su.
Halin da suka dace na jan masu howkers wani bangare ne mai ban sha'awa game da ma'amalarsu ta zamantakewa. Maza da mata sun zama ma'aurata, tare da dangantakar kusancinsu da kekantaccen yanayi, kafin ma a sami wata dangantaka ta jima'i. Da zarar an kafa wadannan ƙungiyoyi, buƙatun jima'i da nacewa farawa. Dukda cewa dukkan maza da mata za su iya yin lalata, amma mace galibi kan iya taka rawar gani. Oƙarin jawo hankalin namiji, mace ta kusance shi kuma tayi motsi da ƙashin ƙugu. Namiji yakan amsa mata daidai da hanya, amma idan bai yi irin wannan motsin ba, macen tana ƙoƙarin lalata da wani namiji ne.
Yawancin lokaci ana yin gasa tsakanin mahaukata, membobin da ke cikin rukunin maza, wadanda suka kunshi samari maza da suka riga sun girma, sun zo ga maza da mata da ke zama a kungiyar mata (gauraya) a ƙoƙarin zama memba. Maza waɗanda aka kora daga ƙungiyoyinsu waɗanda aka haife su, yanzu, da suka kai ga balaga, dole ne su mamaye wata ƙungiya don samun damar shiga cikin mata. Idan sun yi nasara, galibi, da farko, suna lalata bornan jariran da suka rage a rukunin daga maza na baya, tare da burin barin zuriyarsu kawai.
Haihuwa: kwanaki 140-190. Cubaya daga cikin ɗan an haife shi, amma sanannu ne sanannu biyu na tagwaye. Yawan nauyin jarirai a lokacin haihuwa ya kai 263 g. Jarirai ba su da wata cikakkiyar taimako kuma suna karkashin kulawar mahaifiyarsu, suna manne wa juganta a ciki. A tsawon lokaci, da yayi balaguron kadan, sai ya koma baya mahaifiyarsa, bugu da holdingari yana riƙe da wutsiyarsa zuwa gindin wutsiyar mahaifiyarsa, haka kuma yana tafiya tare da tawagar ta cikin gandun daji.
Newan jarirai galibi sukan zama abin kula da wasu mata, musamman waɗanda ba tare da jariransu ba. Matan galibi kan taɓa ɗan da a hankali tare da wuyansu da hannayensu, kuma suna ƙarfafa ayyukan su idan jaririn yana son hawa kan su.
A yanzu tun suna wata-wata sun san yadda zasu iya kama rassan da wutsiyar su, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin mahaifiyar bata da damuwa game da amincin su. Maƙiyi sun hau uwayensu aƙalla tsawon shekara guda kuma suka ci gaba da shan nono har tsawon watanni 18-24. Mata sun kai ga balaga tun suna shekara 5, maza a shekara 7. Saboda haka, mace na iya haifuwa shekaru biyu da suka gabata fiye da maza.
Jariri mai jan hankali shine ya zama ruwan dare gama duniya da ake amfani da ita a cikin Sabon Duniya kuma ba shi da wani matakin kariya ta musamman. Har yanzu suna da yawa kuma suna da yawa a Brazil, amma a wasu yankuna sun zama mafi wuya, watakila saboda lalata mazauninsu.
Biri biri howler (Aloautta senikulus) shine birai tare da manyan noses kasance a cikin iyali arachnids . Wannan nau'in birai sun sami ɗaukaka na agogo na yanayi, ana iya jin sautinsa a sanyin safiya a lokaci guda. Maharba suna da yanayin kirki, ba shi yiwuwa a dube su ba tare da murmushi ba.
Penetrating, kusan idanun mutane, kamar dai su shiga cikin zurfin rai. Da alama dabbar ta fahimci mai shiga tsakanin ba tare da kalma ɗaya ba. Sun dace da gyaran gida, amma suna jin an kame su kuma yawanci kawai suna baƙin ciki. Zai fi kyau idan howler biri zai rayu cikin fakitin cikakken rayuwa, ba cikin keji ba.
Howler biri biri fasali da mazauninsu
Biri biri howler - daya daga cikin manyan birai a Brazil. Ta samu sunanta daga bugun zuciya kururuwa ana jin wannan na tsawon kilomita da dama. Ya danganta da mazauni , sutura na iya zama ja, haske ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, baki cikin launi.
Babu gashi a jikin mucks, muƙamuƙin ya faɗi sarari, an faɗaɗa shi kaɗan. Primate yana da tatsuniyoyi masu ban sha'awa, suna ba ku damar samun kwakwa ku sha madara ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Fraarfin ɓangaren mucks ɗin yana lullube ta da gemu mai kyau. Kowane dunkuyar tana da dunƙulen hannu biyar. Endarshen wutsiya mai balbal ne saboda yawan amfani dashi; ana samun scallops da alamu masu tsarin gaba ɗayan tsawon.
Mafi yawan abin da suke so shine su zauna a reshe kuma suna buga manyan sassan. Game da shi, jefa mai sauraro cikin rawar jiki, da kuma bai wa dangi wata alama game da yankinsu.
Yawancin nau'in halitta howler biri - tsakiyar Amurkawa ne (suna zaune a arewacin Kudancin Amurka da Mexico) da ja (Guiana da Venezuela). Tsawon jikin mutum ya tashi daga 40 zuwa 70 cm, wutsiyar tana da tsawon 50-75 cm, nauyinsa yakai kilo 10.
Takaddama mai kauri wacce take rufe jiki baki daya. Launin na iya zama ja, wani lokacin sai ya zama baki. Maza yawanci suna da gemu, wanda suke so bugun jini, kamar dai suna tunani. Mata sun yi karanci daga maza.
Musamman howler biri biri saboda kasancewar jakunkuna na makogwaro. Suna tattara yau da iska, lokacin da aka shayar da su, sai su gauraya, kuma a kan numfashi ana samun ruri. Wani abu kamar resonators na asali.
Howler biri biri
Babban abinci howler biri - shi ne deciduous greenery bishiyoyi, furanni, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari,' ya'yan itãcen marmari, matasa buds da harbe. Wani lokaci zaku iya kallon yadda primate ke cusa ƙasa cikin bakinsa.
Da wannan, ya yi ƙoƙarin cire wariyar dukiya ta wasu tsirrai. Ma'adanai na ƙasa suna tattara abubuwa masu guba kuma, ba tare da haifar da lahani ba, ana keɓe su daga jiki.Tun da waɗannan 'yan ƙwaya ne, kuma abincin shuka ba ya samar da makamashi mai yawa, ba sa yin tafiya mai nisa.
Dukkanin iko ana darajarsu da kide kide da kullun. Kuna iya lura da yadda suke yin ƙananan ramuka a cikin akwati kuma suna shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, mai arziki a cikin abubuwan (abubuwan gina jiki), bitamin da abubuwan abubuwan ganowa.