Babbar duniyar tamu tana da halittu masu yawa. Abin takaici, har ya zuwa yau, ba duk dabbobi ne suka wanzu a kai ba. Abubuwa da yawa masu ban al'ajabi, waɗanda a yanzu sun zama kamar ba mu iya tsammani ba, sun rayu ne a duniya ƙarnuka da suka wuce. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan halittun shine tsuntsu mai cin daddawa, mai ƙaunar New Zealand. Wannan tsuntsu ɗan da ya girma yana da girma sosai. A ƙasa zaku sami bayanin da hoto na tsuntsu moa, har ma da koyan abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa game da shi.

Moa ko dinornis wani nau'in jinsin mutum ne wanda ya ragu. Waɗannan halittun masu ban al'ajabi sun taɓa zama a tsibiran New Zealand. Tsuntsu moa yana da girma kuma bashi da fuka-fuki. Dinornis yana da madafan iko da dogon wuya. Fuka fuka-fukansu suna da gashi kamaru kuma suna da launin ruwan kasa mai yawa, sun lullube baki ɗaya sai dai theafa da kai.

Babban gizan yana da girma, sun kai tsayin mitoci 3.5 kuma sun auna kilogiram 250, mata sun fi maza girma. Tsuntsu na ciyawa yana da tsire-tsire, yana ci wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa, Tushen, harbe da ganye. Tare da abinci, dayan abinci suka cinye pebbles, wanda ya taimaka musu nika abinci mai wuya. Gabaɗaya, kimiyya ta san kusan nau'ikan moa 10 kuma ba dukkansu ba ne masu yawa, wasu nau'ikan sunada girman babban turkey.

Moa yayi girma a hankali; saboda haka, sun kai girman manya ne kawai da shekaru 10 da haihuwa. Tun da waɗannan tsuntsayen sun rayu ba tare da maƙiyan ƙasa ba, tsarin haihuwar su ya daɗe sosai, kuma mace ta kawo kwai 1 kawai. Wataƙila jinkirin haifuwar ɗan ya zama ɗayan dalilai na ofaukar 'yan mata. Matar ta sanya kwai cikin watanni 3 kuma duk wannan lokacin namiji ya tanadar mata da abinci. Ganyen moa yayi girma sosai, farare ne mai launin shuɗi, kuma nauyinsa yakai kilo 7.

Tsibirin na New Zealand wuri ne mai ban mamaki a duniyar tamu wanda ke da fauna na musamman. Kafin zuwan mutum a cikin New Zealand, ba a taɓa shan dabbobin dabba daya ba. Tsibirin sun kasance ainihin tsuntsu aljanna. Wataƙila, magabatan manyan masassuka zasu iya tashi, amma a cikin yanayi masu kyau sun samo asali, sun rasa wannan ikon. Manyan tekuna suna zaune a tsibirin kudu da kuma arewacin. Sun rayu a cikin yankuna na sahun kwari, dazuzzukan daji masu yawa da dazuzzuka.

A ƙarni na 13, Maori na ƙasa ya fito a cikin New Zealand, waɗanda suka fara farautar farauta don nama. The dinornis ba a shirye suke don saduwa da mutane ba, saboda a wancan lokacin a New Zealand kusan babu abokan gaba. Kabilun 'yan asalin ƙasar Polynesia na Maori sun zama sanadin ƙonewar babban bargo, sun kashe waɗannan ƙattai tuni a cikin 1500s. Koyaya, akwai rahotannin da ba a tabbatar da su ba daga mazaunan garin waɗanda har yanzu suka ci karo da matattakala a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19.

Tsuntsu na Moa yana da cikakkiyar masaniya a New Zealand, shi ne, wannan nau'in tsuntsayen sun rayu ne kawai a wannan wuri a duniyar tamu. Koyaya, kamar tsuntsuwiwi kiwi, wanda yake rayuwa a cikin New Zealand kawai. A cikin 1986, an yi balaguro zuwa cikin kogon Mount Owen a New Zealand. Masu bincike sun ziyarci mafi yawancin sasanninta kuma suka sami wucewa cikin wadannan kogwannin a wani bangare na mummunar paws na babban tsuntsu. Abin mamaki shine an kiyaye ragowar, kamar dai dabbar da ta kasance mallakar ta mutu ba daɗewa ba. Daga baya ya juya cewa paws mallakar wani babban barwa ne.

Anyi zurfin nazarin moa a ƙarshen karni na 19, kuma adadin ɗinbin da aka samu, fuka-fuka-fuka-fukan da waɗannan tsuntsayen sun sami damar dawo da kamanninsu da ƙasusuwa. Af, a cikin hanyar bincike an gano cewa wakilan farkon moa sun bayyana sama da shekaru dubu 2 da suka gabata. Ana ci gaba da bincike kan waɗannan tsuntsayen yau. Masana kimiyya basu yanke fatan samun samfurin rayuwa mai zurfi a cikin tsibiran, kuma labaran shaidun gani da ido na gida sun haifar da hakan. Ko da akwai tabbaci cewa tekun yana da rai har yanzu, ba zai yiwu ba za su kasance waɗannan ƙattai masu tsayin mita 3.5. Wataƙila zai kasance karamin murɗa, amma a kowane yanayi zai zama mai ban mamaki.

Idan kuna son wannan labarin, biyan kuɗi zuwa sabuntawar yanar gizon don karɓar kawai sababbun labarai masu ban sha'awa game da dabbobi.

MAGANIN MOA

Bayan rabuwa da tsibiran New Zealand daga tsohuwar tsibirin na Gondwana, magabatan dinornis, wanda sunan Ostiraliya ya kasance wata kebe a cikin su.

Sun daidaita da sabon yanayin rayuwa, sun samu asali kuma sannu a hankali suka zauna a cikin halittu daban-daban. Masana kimiyya sun yi imani da cewa aƙalla jinsuna 12 na waɗannan tsuntsayen sun rayu a tsibiran. Mafi ƙanƙanun magabatan 'yan itacen turkey shine girman turkey kuma ya kai kusan 1 m, kuma mafi girma shine haɓaka daga 2 zuwa 3.5 m. Tsuntsayen suna ciyar da abincin tsirrai, saboda kawai ta wannan hanyar zasu iya rayuwa a ƙaramin yanki.

Adadin duk nau'in waɗannan nau'in tsuntsayen a tsibiran New Zealand tabbas sun kai dubu 100. Moas koyaushe ya zama kaɗan kaɗan. Aborigines sun ce tsuntsayen suna da launin launi, kuma wasu suna da crests a kawunansu.

Yaduwa

Tunda fari ba shi da abokan gaba, raayin haihuwarsa ya daɗe. Wannan daga baya ya haifar da lalata wadannan manyan tsuntsayen.

A lokacin farauta, macewar mace ta sanya kwai daya kacal, a wasu halaye kuma tana iya sanya ƙwai biyu - an tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar samo. Masu binciken sun gano manyan tarin kayan qwai a cikin kaburburan mafarautan Maori. A wasu ƙwai, ana adana embryos.

Qwai na Moa yawanci suna da harsashi mai launin fata, amma wani lokacin shuɗi mai haske, koren shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa. Babban kwai wanda mace ta saka tsawon watanni 3, kuma duk wannan lokacin ya kawo abinci. Kajin da ta tsinke daga kwai tana ƙarƙashin kulawar iyayenta.

KYAUTA

Kafin zuwan 'yan Polynesia na farko zuwa tsibiran New Zealand, dutsen ba shi da abokan gaba ko kaɗan. Polynesians suna ɗaukar tsuntsun wani abokin gaba mai haɗari, saboda yana da ƙaƙƙarfan magana wanda zai iya haifar da raunin da ya faru. Aborigines sun fara neman ciyawa don nama, ƙoshin ƙwayayen da aka yi amfani da su azaman jita-jita, kuma sun yi makamai da kayan ado daga ƙasusuwan wannan tsuntsun. Polynesia sun kawo kuliyoyi da karnuka zuwa tsibiran, waɗanda suka zama abin zamba ga duk tsuntsayen da ke sauka a ƙasa. An yi wa Dinornis barazanar rugujewa yayin da Maori ya fara sare gandun daji a ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai araha. Kuma dukda cewa wasu majiyoyi sun nuna cewa dutsen ya rayu anan ne a karni na 19, masana kimiya sunyi imanin cewa wadannan tsoffin gwanayen sun zama shekaru 400-500 da suka gabata.

BINCIKE DA SAURAN SAUKI NA BIYU

Kamar sauran tsattsauran ra'ayi, dinornis bashi da keel, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwarya, wadda take haɗuwa da haɓaka tsokoki na cikin tsuntsaye masu tashi. Ba a sani ba ko duk masu amfani da zuriya suna da magabata daya.

Manyan tsuntsayen zamani sune jimina da emu. Tun da yake waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da fikafikai masu saurin tashi, ana iya zaton cewa kakanninsu na iya tashiwa. A cikin kasusuwa dinornis, wadanda suka rayu har zuwa yau, keel gaba daya ba ya nan, wanda ke nuna cewa bai taba tashi ba ko kuma zai iya yin hakan shekaru miliyoyin kafin bayyanar masu amfani da zamani.

Mutumin da ke kusa da giant dinornis yana da kamar ƙarami ne, saboda da wuya ya kai ga haɗin gwiwa kafada.

- Wuraren da aka samo burbushin halittu

SA'AD DA SA'AD DA MOA suka rayu

Dinornis, ko ciyawa, sun kasance a duniya tsawon shekaru miliyan 100. Babban giza-gizai ya ƙare kawai a cikin ƙarni na 15 - 16, kuma an samo ƙaramin nau'in har zuwa ƙarni na 19. An samo manyan ɓangarorin ƙasusuwa a cikin fadama - wuraren zama da mazauni. Yawancin ƙasusuwa na tsohuwar tsuntsaye sun rayu a tsibirin New Zealand na Kudu a kwarin Pyramidal a arewacin Canterbury. An adana wasu keɓaɓɓu a cikin fadama tare kuma an adana su tare da fata da gashinsa.

Bayanin

Wadannan tsuntsayen basu da fuka-fuki, tunda ba a sami ragowar kasusuwa na kasusuwa ba. Saboda haka, an danganta su ga rukuni na tsuntsaye marasa tashi. Ko yaya, dangane da wannan, tambayar ta tashi game da yadda kuma daga ina suka isa New Zealand. Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da wannan, amma hasashe ya mamaye cewa sun zauna akan sababbin ƙasashe miliyan 60 da suka gabata, lokacin da New Zealand ke da alaƙa da sauran sassan ƙasar.

Kasusuwa na waɗannan dabbobin an sake haɓaka su a madaidaiciyar matsayi don ƙarfafa babbar girma saboda dogon wuya. Amma bincike game da gidajen abinci na layi ya nuna cewa wataƙila tsuntsayen sun riƙe wuyoyinsu ba tsaye ba, amma a sarari zuwa ƙasa. An nuna wannan aƙalla ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa kashin baya an haɗe shi da bayan kai. Kuma tsuntsaye marasa kifaye marasa daidaituwa suna shimfida wuyan su sama kawai idan ya cancanta.

A Tsibirin Kudu, tsuntsaye sun zauna a cikin gandun daji a gabar yamma. Kuma a cikin dazuzzuka da gandun daji na gabashin Kudancin Yankin. Hakanan ana samun ragowar a cikin kogo a arewa maso yamma. Daga wannan ana iya ganin cewa Kudancin Islandan tsibiri ya mamaye yankin da yawa. Amma game da tsibirin Arewa, ana samun ragowar tsoffin tsuntsayen a can sau da yawa. Sun zauna a cikin busassun daji da wuraren yankuna.

Halayya da Abinci

Wadannan tsuntsayen sun motsa da sauri na kilomita 3-5 / h. Sun ci abincin tsirrai. Duwatattun duwatsun a cikin ciki, wanda ya basu damar cinye kayan tsire-tsire masu ƙiba. Waɗannan duwatsun suna da sauƙaƙewa da pebbles na ma'adini kuma sun haɗu har zuwa 110 mm a tsayi. An samo su a cikin ragowar ragowar. Daya ciki ya ƙunshi kilogiram 3-4 na dutse.

Wadannan dabbobin an nuna su da ƙananan ƙarancin ɗanɗano da dogon lokacin da suke farfadowa. Sai da ya kai shekaru 10, kajin sun kai girman girma. Sun zauna a cikin mazauna, an sanya filayen daga rassa, suna gina dandamali gaba daya. Ana samun yawancin ƙwayoyin lemo a cikin kogo. Ana zaton cewa lokacin farauta ya faru ne a ƙarshen bazara da bazara. Qwai ya kai milyon 140-220 a tsayinsa, kuma ya kai mil mm 180 a falon kuma yana da farin launi.

Dangantaka da mutum

Kafin zuwan mutane a cikin New Zealand, muguwar gaggawar farautar tsuntsaye ce kawai. Maabilar Maori sun fara yada sabbin filaye kusa da 1300. An ciyar da su ta hanyar farauta, sabili da haka sun lalata dabbobi sosai. Wasu masana sun ba da izinin cewa gobarar mutum ya tsira a sasanninta mai nisa na New Zealand, amma ba a yarda da wannan mahallin a duk duniya.

Ko ta yaya, wasu Māori a ƙarshen karni na 18 sun yi da'awar cewa sun ga manyan tsuntsayen fikafikan fuka-fuki a gefen tsibirin Kudu Island. Hakanan sakonnin masu kama sun kasance halayyar tsakiyar karni na XIX. Musamman, wannan bayanin da wani mutum mai suna George Paulie ya ruwaito. A shekara ta 1878, an karɓi bayani daga hannun wata mace Alice Mackenzie, mai shekara 80 a shekarar 1959. Ta bayyana cewa lokacin da ta cika shekara 17, ta ga manyan tsuntsaye 2 a cikin daji na bakin teku. Tare da ita wani dattijo ne wanda yaga wadannan dabbobin. Koyaya, manyan masana kimiyya suna shakkar irin wannan bayanan.