Ya kasance dangin bustard, suna zaune a Kudancin Turai, Yammaci da Tsakiyar Asiya, Arewacin Afirka. Gidajen buɗewa buɗe sararin budurwa sarari da filaye. Wakilan nau'ikan jinsunan da ke zaune a yankuna na kudu suna haifar da yanayin rayuwa mai taushi. Amma mafi yawan northernan arewa a cikin hunturu suna ƙaura zuwa kudu. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, sakamakon fara amfani da tsarukan, strepto ya zama abu mai saɓani.
Bayanin
Tsawon jikinsa ya kai cm 42-45. Girman fuka-fukinsa ne 90-110 cm Jima'in jikin mutum ya bambanta daga 500 zuwa 900 g .. Launin rushewar jikin na sama shine launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Bodyananan jikin da underwings suna da fari. Lokacin lokacin kiwo a cikin namiji, wuyan ya zama baki da fararen fararen biyu. Ragowar lokacin, magudin maza da na mace iri ɗaya ne.
An nuna fikafikan kuma tsawon lokaci. Maza da mata ba sa bambanta cikin girma. A doron ƙasa, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna motsawa cikin sauri, suna kiyaye wuyansu, suna gudu da sauri. Kashe amo A yayin jirgin, fikafikan suna yin sauti mai kara mai kyau. Jirgin kansa yana da sauri kuma mai motsawa.
Kiwo
Balaga na jima'i a cikin mace yana faruwa ne a lokacin yana ɗan shekara 1, a cikin maza yana ɗan shekara 2. Ma'aurata guda ɗaya. Ana bayar da kwanciyar hankalin su ne ta hanyar yankuna masu dawwama. Farkon lokacin kiwo ya dawo zuwa watan Afrilu. Ya fara da mating, bayan wanda mace suka fara ba da sheƙarsu. Gida da kanta karamin rauni ne a cikin ƙasa wanda aka rufe da ciyayi. Zurfinsa ya kai 8-9 cm, kuma diamita shine 16-18 cm.
A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai 3 zuwa 5. Idan cikin mutuwar masarar farko, an yi masonry na biyu, amma ba koyaushe ba, kuma yawanci yana ƙunshe da ƙwai 2 kawai. Matan ne kawai ke sanya qwai. Lokacin shiryawa yana da makonni 3, amma yana iya wuce har zuwa makonni 4. Mace na ƙin kajin kuma ta fara yawo tare da brood. Ranar 3, kajin sun fara ciyar da kansu. Sun jingina kuma suka tsaya a kan reshe yana da shekaru 27-30 kwana. An yi imani da cewa matasa streptos suna zaune tare da mahaifiyarsu farkon hunturu na rayuwarsu.
Halayya da Abinci
Wakilan nau'ikan suna aiki da rana. Ana ciyar da ciyar da safe da yamma. A ranakun sanyi, tsuntsaye suna ciyar da ko'ina cikin rana. A waje da lokacin kiwo, suna zaune cikin rukuni na tsuntsaye 50-70. Wasu lokuta irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna haɗuwa cikin hunturu a cikin manyan garken mutane da yawa da ɗaruruwan dubbai.
Abincin ya hada da abincin dabbobi da shuka. Strepto yana cin kwari, yafi son kwari. Daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsaba, Tushen, harbe suna cinyewa. A matsakaici, kwari suna asusu 70% na abincin da aka cinye kuma, a saboda haka, 30% ga nau'ikan tsire-tsire ne. A cikin abincin kajin, invertebrates sune babban abincin. Wadannan tsuntsaye na iya yin ba tare da ruwa na dogon lokaci ba, suna samun danshi daga tsirrai masu ɗamara da cinye igiyar da ta tara ganye.
Siffofi da mazauninsu
Bayyanar maza da na mace na tsuntsu na daban, sun bambanta. Namiji, masu girma dabam na tsuntsu strept kuma sifofin bayyanar:
- mai nauyin kilogram 1,
- tsawon jikin 44 cm,
- a cikin launin sautunan launin ja,
- wuyan yana da launin toka,
- Daga wuya zuwa wuyan ciki yakan shiga duhu duhu da haske,
- baki da harsashi a idanu suna orange,
- kafafu suna da duhu rawaya,
- kafafu masu ƙarfi
Mace tayi kyau sosai
- wuya, kai da baya - baki da rawaya,
- nauyi yana kasa da na maza,
- Babu wani baki da fari da wuya a wuyan.
Godiya ga wannan launi mai launi, tsuntsu mai sauƙin tsari yana ɓoyewa a ƙasa da cikin ciyawar ciyawa. Tsuntsu yana zaune a Asiya, Turai da Afirka. A Rasha, ana iya samun tsuntsu a ɓangaren Kudu da Turai da kuma Caucasus. Su tsuntsaye ne masu ƙaura, saboda haka, tashi zuwa Iran, Indiya da sauransu don hunturu. Arfafa nasa ne da dangin bustard. Kuma zaune ƙishirwa, kamar yadda kuma bustard A cikin steppes da makiyaya.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Yana haifar da rayuwar rayuwar ƙasa. Tsuntsayen suna tafiya a hankali, amma suna iya gudu da sauri. Lokacin da zai tafi, tsuntsun yayi kururuwa, ya bushe da dariya, ya sanya fuka-fukai, sautin kamar saƙo. Yayin jirgin, ita ma ta girgiza. Da alama hakan tsuntsaye na kwararowa A wuri guda kuma tana da matsananciyar tsoro, amma a zahiri suna tashi da sauri, haɓaka saurin jirgin sama har zuwa 80 km / h. Flying ana lalacewa ta hanyar yawan yawan fashewa.
Heredaunin furanni suna zaune a gangaren katako, a cikin tuddai masu cike da ciyawa, cikin ciyayi da filayen yumɓu. Zai yi wuya a tantance inda rafukan ke zaune, zaku iya ganin ragowar kwandon shara da na kudadden, wanda ya kasance bayan tsuntsu ya shude ta ƙasa mai laima.
Kafar strep tana tunatar da ragewar tsararren iska. Paayoyinsu kuma suna da yatsu guda uku, wanda ɗayan dogo ne kuma mai kauri, ɗayan biyun kuma suna sanye da gajeru, tare da miƙe.
Idan kun lura da tsuntsu, zaku iya kama kama da dabi'a tare da kaji na gida. Suna yawo a cikin filayen, suna sunkuyar da kawunansu ƙasa kuma suna duban kullun. Tsuntsayen jeji a gonakin da aka bari. Nemo ruwan wukake na ciyawa da ragowar hatsi. Liesa ,an, kwari, kwari da kwari ma suna cikin abincin.
Sukan yi kamun kifi tun da sassafe da yamma, a lokacin zafi lokacin da suke ƙoƙarin kasancewa cikin inuwa. Suna cinye ruwa mai yawa, amma suna iya yin ba tare da shi ba, suna iya tattara raɓa Mai kunya, suna iya firgita ta hanyar kiwo shanu, har ma da mota da ke wucewa ta hanya.
Yawancin lokaci ana kiyaye su kadai ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i, kuma kafin su tashi don hunturu sukan taru a garken.
Farauta don Strepto
A wasu wuraren da Lambar ƙarfi high, harbi a karkashin lasisi an yarda. Akwai hanyoyi guda uku don farautar strepto:
Farauta tare da kare yana farawa a daidai lokacin da kajin ke fara tashi, amma har yanzu ba a haɗa su da garken manya ba. Wannan lokacin farauta ya kasance tsawon sati uku. Yawancin lokaci yana ɗaukar spaniels da alamun abubuwa don farauta. Suna motsawa gaba ɗaya ta cikin bushes a cikin yanayin zafi. Kuna iya farauta da yamma, amma a lokacin zafi, farauta ya fi tasiri.
Kuna buƙatar neman broods a kan ciyawa mai tsayi kusa da filayen. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa mace tana tafiyar da diyanta nesa ba kusa da juna ba, saboda haka, tunda sun sadu da juna a bayyane cewa wasu sun tafi wani wuri kusa. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata a sama, mace ta fara tashi don ɗaukar hatsarin daga kajin, ba shi yiwuwa a harba ta.
Sau da yawa ɗan tsintsiya yakan jefa komai-cikin-ciki kuma yana ɓoyewa. Baby, zai iya kwanciya a ƙasa ba tare da motsi ba, barin kare ya kusa. Ana ci gaba da farauta har sai tsuntsaye su tashi zuwa hunturu.
Farauta a farfajiyar ita ce cewa tsuntsaye suna buƙatar harbe su tare da gefen hanyoyin inda suke zuwa ciyar da kansu. Idan tsuntsu ya ga doki, to ya zama dole a tuka shi a hankali.
Farauta tare da tiyata ya ƙunshi cewa karubin doki ya hau kan filin zuwa garken tsuntsaye. Daya daga cikin mafarautan yana zuwa garken kai tsaye, na biyu a wannan lokacin yana tsalle daga cikin keken kuma ya tura garken zuwa cikin keken. Don haka, hankalin mai gudana ya tarwatse kuma suna da sauki a harba.
"Me yasa kuke buƙatar sanin inda strepto ke zaune?" An jera wannan tsuntsu mai ban dariya a cikin Littafin Layi. Kuma wannan ba daidaituwa bane. Yawancin mafarauta suna farin cikin farautar ta yayin toxar.
Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa tsuntsu baya zama a filayen noma. A saboda wannan dalili, kewayon tsuntsaye sun ragu sosai, kazalika da lambobin su.
Akwai wasu gungun mutane na musamman waɗanda ke tafiya da tattara ƙwai na tsuntsaye don saka su cikin kayan kwalliyar wucin gadi da sake su bayan ƙyanƙyashe.
A bayyane yake cewa naman wannan tsuntsu samfurin ne mai mahimmanci, amma idan ba a ɗauki tsauraran matakai don adanawa da kare shi ba, a tsawon lokaci yana iya ɓacewa gaba ɗaya kamar jinsuna.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Strepto mallakar dangin bustard ne, sunan kimiyya tsuntsu shine Tetrax tetrax. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune ne a cikin Turai, Asiya da Afirka kuma sun hada da nau'ikan 26 da 11. Da farko dai, fasahar an karkasu a matsayin cranes, amma binciken kwayoyin da masana kimiyya suka yi ya nuna cewa wannan dangi ne daban.
Mafi yawan abubuwan fashe iska sune:
- kyakkyawa
- babban bustards
- kananan bustards
- Abubuwan Afirka
- Kwayoyin halitta (duka kwayoyin halitta da kuma kawai wakilin halittar - nau'in), waɗanda ba sa cikin asalin halittar, amma suna da matsayi mai mahimmanci a ciki.
Yawancin nau'ikan bustards (16 daga 26) suna rayuwa a cikin wurare masu zafi, kodayake tsuntsaye na iya daidaitawa da kowane yanayi.
Bustards sun bambanta da kamanninsu, amma abubuwanda suke gudana a kusan dukkanin jinsuna na iya bambanta:
- buildarfi mai ƙarfi tare da babban kai,
- halittu da yawa a tsakanin maza suna da crest bisa kawunansu, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasannin matsi,
- dogon amma wuya wuya
- gajere madaidaiciya
- karfi fuka-fuki
- babu wani yatsan kafa, wanda ke nuna yanayin rayuwar tsuntsaye,
- maza bustard sun fi maza girma, amma wannan ana iya gani a mafi yawan jinsuna,
- plumage bustard kamara, m.
Dukkan mambobi na dangin bustard suna zaune a ƙasa kuma suna tafiya da kyau akan aikinsu. Game da haɗari, ba kamar ɓarna ba, sun fi son kada su gudu, amma tashi, wanda ke ba su sauƙin manufa don farauta wasanni.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Hoto: Bird Strep
Tsuntsu yana da girman kaza: nauyi ba kasafai ya wuce 1 kg ba., Tsawon Jikin kusan 44 cm, fuka-fuki na mata shine 83 cm, ga maza - har zuwa santimita 91. Weight a cikin maza da mata shima ya bambanta - 500 da 900 g, bi da bi.
Strept yana da kundin tsarin mulki mai ƙarfi tare da kafafu mai rawaya mai duhu, babba, ɗan ƙarami mai ƙyalƙyali, da ɗan gajeren shuɗi. Idanun Strepta sune lemo mai duhu. A launi ne kamara, amma daban-daban ga mata da maza. Wutsiya takaice, cikin nutsuwa, fuka-fukan sun dace da jikin mutum.
A lokacin bazara, daidaikun mata da maza sun bambanta. Mace ba ta canza suturarta a lokuta daban-daban na shekara: tana da launin toka tare da launin toka da yawa. Wadannan tabo suna kama da raƙuman ruwa, wanda ke sa launi ya zama kamannin da zai yiwu, yana iya rikitar da mafarautan farauta. Ciki da ciki na farin ciki.
A ina yake gudana?
Hoto: Ingantacce a Rasha
Ba kamar sauran membobin dangin bustard ba, waɗanda suka fi son yanayi mai zafi, strep yana ƙaunar yanayin zafi matsakaici. Tana zaune a Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Afirka. Don ƙauyuka, an zaɓi wuraren buɗewa - filaye da tutoci.
A cikin Rasha, ana iya samun farin ciki a cikin wuraren da aka keɓe:
- Yankin Gabas da ƙananan Volga,
- kudu da yankin Ulyanovsk (kusan shekaru uku kenan ba su iya gano alamun strep ba - tabbas sun ɓace),
- Volga
- Kudancin Urals.
A baya can, strepto ya yadu a yankin Lipetsk, a kan ƙananan Don, a cikin Kalmykia, a cikin gundumomin Kletsk da Serafim, a kan bankunan Ilovlinsky da Frolovsky, a cikin salsko-Manych steppes.
Haɓaka ƙasa da ƙarancin danshi suna da mahimmanci ga strept. Saboda haka, wuraren da ba su da isasshen amfanin gona waɗanda aka zaɓa har yanzu ana samun su a matsayin wuraren da ake kewaya. Saboda babban ci gaba na ƙasa da dasa filayen kwari da kwari, ɓarkewar ɓarna, wanda sau ɗaya yana da yawan jama'a, ya zama mai ƙarancin ƙarfi.
Tsuntsaye suna zaɓar kwarin busassun kwari tare da manyan rafuffuka da tashan kogunan ruwa - ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga strepto, amma masu farauta da yawa da sauran tsuntsayen masu gasa sun zo wurin sa. Swannin kwarin da aka zaɓa galibi ana rufe su da ciyawar, wacce ke ɓoye tsuntsaye daga idanuwanta. Oftenarancin lokaci, suna zaɓar ciyayi na kore - ya fi wuya a rufe su. Wani lokaci ana iya samun ɓarna a cikin filayen yumɓu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Strepta yana da wuya a lissafta, saboda a cikin lokacin rashin daidaituwa, tsuntsaye masu natsuwa ne da rashin fahimta. Amma mafarautan suna bi da ƙafafunsu - sau da yawa kofofin suna barin hoto mai nuna yatsun yatsu mai yatsu a cikin ƙasa mai laima.
Hakanan ana gina mazaunan tsuntsaye a ƙasa, amma mace, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna yin wannan kuma kawai yayin lokacin farauta - maza suna yin ba tare da madawwamin gida ba. Saboda gida, mace ta tona rami ta rufe ta da ciyawa da kanta.
Yanzu kun san inda strep ke zaune. Bari mu ga abin da ya ci.
Menene strep ke ci?
Hoto: parfi daga Littafin Jan
Tsuntsaye ba dare ba rana, kamar yadda a cikin rana ake yawan samun zafi, daga abin da streptos ke ɓoye cikin duhunan duhu. A cikin hunturu, suna iya fita da yamma, lokacin da ya gama duhu. Mutane daban-daban da ke zaune a yankuna na arewa sun fi aiki yayin rana, suna cin abinci tun da sassafe kuma suna ƙare da maraice.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Strearfin suna da kunya - suna iya firgita da motar wucewa ko shanu na kiwo a cikin filayen.
Tsuntsayen gida-iri ne, mafi yawan lokuta abincin yau da kullum ya hada da:
- tsirrai da tsirrai,
- m asalinsu
- ciyawa,
- furanni masu zaki da furanni,
- 'yan crickets, ciyawa, ayau,
- kwari larvae
- magudanar jini, tsotsar ganye.
Tsuntsaye na yankuna na arewacin sun fi son abincin dabbobi, suna iya cin ƙwaran beraye da sauran dabbobin. Matsakaicin tsirrai da dabbobi a cikin abinci kusan 30 da kashi 70 cikin dari, bi da bi.
Halinsu ga ruwa shima ya sha bamban. Ptsarfafa daga bangarorin yanayi masu zafi suna da wuyar jure rashin ruwa - koyaushe suna zauna kusa da ƙananan koguna ko tafkunan. Tsuntsayen arewa suna samun yawancin ruwa daga tsirrai, saboda haka basa buƙatar ciyar da su daga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Ingantacce a cikin Astrakhan
Kwayoyin kwakwalwa suna jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa ta musamman, kodayake suna tashi da kyau. Suna tafiya a hankali, suna ɗaukar matakai masu tsayi, amma a lokuta masu haɗari suna iya gudanarwa da sauri. Lokacin yin tafiye-tafiye, tsuntsaye sukanyi kukan da yayi kama da dariya ko raɗaɗi; yayin jirgin, suma suna yin sautin halayyar. A yayin jirgin, fuka-fukan suna sauka sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: ptsarfafa yana tashi da sauri, yana haɓaka saurin har zuwa 80 km / h.
Za'a iya kwatanta rayuwar rayuwar strepta da rayuwar kaji a cikin gida. Sukan yi yawo a gonaki don neman abinci, sau da yawa suna waiwaye da ƙaramar amo, amma amma galibinsu an sunkuyar da ƙasa ne don ganin abincin da zai yiwu.
Ana gudanar da kwamfyutoci guda ɗaya ko a cikin nau'i-nau'i, wanda ke bambanta su da nau'ikan nau'ikan bustard. Sai kawai a lokacin kiwo wanda mutum zai iya ganin yadda ake rarraba streptos cikin kananan kungiyoyi, wanda shima cikin sauri zai watse bayan lokacin da ya dace da juna.
Tsuntsayen suna jin kunya da rashin saurin fushi. Duk da yanayin rayuwarsu (kowane mutum yana da takamaiman yankin da suke ciyar da shi) basa sabani da juna, galibi yana keta iyakokin ƙasa.
Lokacin da hatsari ya kusanto, sai tsuntsu ya fitar da wani tsarin dabi'a kuma zai tafi. Amma masu amfani da kwamfyutocin ba suyi nisa ba - suna kan ɓoye ne a cikin ciyawa kusa da jira don mai ƙaddara zai fita, tunda ya rasa wata alama. Wannan halayyar ta shafi yawan ruwan ba ta hanyar da ta fi kyau ba, tunda karnukan farauta ne ke samun tsuntsaye cikin ciyawa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Daidaita talakawa
Mata suna yin balaga lokacin da suke shekara ɗaya, maza yayin da shekara biyu ke nan. Nau'i daya ne, ko da yake an kafa su ne kawai domin kajin ke girma. Lokacin damuna yana farawa a watan Afrilu, amma na iya faruwa daga baya idan tsuntsu na zaune a cikin wani yanayi mai sanyin sanyi.
A cikin lokacin mating, za a sa wuyan namiji a cikin yaren fari da fari - an sauƙaƙe wannan da sauri. Namiji ya fara magana, yana yin sautuna tare da jakunkuna na musamman akan kirjinsa - suyi kadan idan yayi waka. Da yawa maza sun zaɓi mace kuma, tokuya, sun fara billa da fiɗa fikafikan su yadda ya kamata, kumbura fuka-fukan da fuka-fukan. Mace na zabi namiji da ya fi so gwargwadon rawar sa da kyawun gashinsa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Satar tsuntsu yayin lokacin dabbar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan gama gari - a lokacin kiwo, maza suna tashi cikin rawa a ɗan nesa daga ƙasa, suna zama masu saurin zama.
Bayan dabbar ta balaga, macen ta fara ba da sheka: tana tono rami kusan zurfin cm 10 da faɗin cm cm 20. Daga nan sai ta ɗora ƙwai 3-5, wanda ta zauna a hankali har tsawon makonni 3-4. Idan farkon kama ya mutu saboda wasu dalilai a cikin mako guda, to macen ta sanya sabon ƙwai.
Namiji yana kusa, amma baya ciyar da mace, sabili da haka, a lokacin lokacin shiryawa, tayi matukar asara mai nauyi. Idan kaddara sun bayyana a kusa, namiji zai jawo hankalin su ga kansa kuma ya kai shi ga barin masarar. Amma, in dai, maharbar ta isa masarar, to ilhami bai ƙyale mace ta bar gida ba, saboda abin da ta mutu.
Daga farkon zamanin, kajin da aka harba sun fara bin mahaifiyarsu kuma suna ciyar da kansu. Namijin yana kusa har sai kajin sa gabaɗaya sun fara tashi - wannan yana ɗaukar kusan wata guda. Yawancin lokaci yara suna kasancewa tare da uwayensu lokacin hunturu na farko, sannan su fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta.
Abokan gaba na ptoabilar Strepto
Hoto: Karfi a cikin jirgin
Dangane da mazaunin maza, strepto yana fuskantar masu farashi daban.
A Arewacin Afirka, waɗannan sune:
A kan ƙasar Rasha, strepto yana fuskantar masu ƙaddara masu zuwa:
- Arctic dawakai da sauran jinsunan dawakai,
- Sable, Marten, mink, waɗanda tsuntsaye suke jin daɗin kansu da ƙwaiyensu,
- lynx da Wolverine
- voles na linzamin kwamfuta da shinge na daji sun sami ikon rusa gida.
Lokacin da ka fuskanci maharbi, tsuntsu ya tashi sama, yana saukar da kukan. Ba a san takamaiman dalilin da yasa tsuntsu ya fashe da kuka ba, tunda masu amfani da kwamfyutocin suna rayuwa galibi su kuma basu da wanda zaiyi bayani game da kusancin hadarin. An yi imani da cewa halaye suna da asali a cikin dukkan tsuntsayen gidan bustard, ba tare da la'akari da salon rayuwarsu ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Bird Strep
Bacewarsa yana da alaƙa da dalilai da yawa:
- ƙarancin kiwo. Tsuntsaye yawanci suna sanya ƙwai biyu sau ɗaya a shekara, amma yawancin kajin ba sa rayuwa,
- babban mace-mace na manya daga abokan gaba,
- farauta ta hanyar amfani da wayar salula a halin yanzu,
- ci gaban filayen da steppes - babban wurin zama na bustard. Tsuntsu ba zai iya tsayawa kusa da mutum ba saboda tsabar rashin kularsa.
A yanzu mafi akasarin jama’ar da ke gudana a kasar Spain sun sami nasarar yin kiwo a Spain - kimanin mutane dubu 43071 ne. Kimanin mutane dubu 9 ne ke zaune a yankin Turai na Rasha, an kirga mutane kusan dubu 20 a Kazakhstan a lokacin shekarar 2011.
Duk da yawan adadi, har yanzu akwai raguwa sosai a yawan adadin masu amfani da yanar gizo a kasashe da dama na duniya. Strep gaba daya ya ɓace a Indiya, Romania da Croatia, kodayake yawancinta a waɗannan ƙasashe ya kasance mai tsayayyiya.
An farautar mafarauci saboda girman ikonsa, kuma a lokacin Mulkin Rasha, an nemi farauta sosai. Yanzu a cikin Rasha an haramta farauta ta hanyar amfani da kwamfyutocin, ko da yake har yanzu jinsin na ci gaba da ɓacewa saboda wannan dalili.
Tsaro Tsaro
Hoto: parfi daga Littafin Jan
Ana ba da shawarar masu zuwa azaman hanyoyin kiyayewa ga populationan adam.
- dakatar da bunkasar tattalin arzikin noma a cikin wuraren zama. Haɓaka tattalin arziƙi a wannan yanki ya ƙunshi ƙaruwa a matsayin keɓaɓɓu da kera keɓaɓɓiyar ƙwaƙwalwa, haɓaka kayan ajiya a wurare dabam dabam, lamari mai tayar da hankali, lalata amfanin gona da tsuntsaye ke ciyar da su,
- Tabbatar da ingantacciyar jirgin tsuntsaye don lokacin hunturu, tunda lokacin tashi da lokacin hunturu suna fama da asara mai yawa sakamakon yanayin canjin yanayi da kuma kashin kaji,
- ƙarfafa matakin tsarin muhalli, haɓaka dabarar don kiyaye bambancin nazarin halittu na halittu,
- kawar da tushen canje-canje a cikin biopepes da biotopes filin - dakatar da dasa gandun daji inda akwai ko da yaushe wani mataki, tun da wannan yana lalata yanayin mazaunin abubuwan da ke gudana.
Shirin da aka gabatar "Inganta tsarin sarrafa hanyoyin samar da kariya ga yankuna masu kariya a cikin yanayin biome na Rasha" ya ba da damar yin nazari kan adadin da kuma rarraba tsuntsayen, la’akari da bangarorin muhalli da ke da mahimmanci a su a cikin yankin na Orenburg da kuma a Jamhuriyar Kalmykia.
Arfafa - Tsuntsu mai mahimmanci ga yanayin muhalli na steppes da filayen. Tana tallafawa da yawan kwari, gami da waɗanda ke cutarwa ga filayen noma. Rashin ɓoye ƙwayoyin strepta zai ƙunshi yaduwar kwari da kuma ƙare yawancin masu farauta. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don sani da kusanci ga jama'ar wannan ɗan tsuntsu mai kyan gani.
Bayyanar karfin Qarfi
Yana kusa da kaji a nauyi (kamar 1 kg), tsuntsu mai siffar jiki yana da guda ɗaya: gawa ce mai ɗauke da wutsiya, ƙananan fuka-fuki, ƙaramin kai a wuyan wuyan wuyansa. Launi na alƙalami ya dogara da jinsi - maza da mata sun sha bamban sosai.
Namiji a wuyansa bashi da abun wuya kawai na launuka masu launin baki da fari, amma guda biyu: saman, mai farin haske, ya fito fili akan wani bango mai launin fata a matsayin wani karamin wulakantaccen wuyan wuyansa, kasan yana da fadi, kamar wuya.
Tsuntsu na '' ''ptopto' '' 'ɗan kwali, hoto
Mata suna da sahihi, masu ƙyalli, babu kayan adon kayan kwalliya a jikinsu wanda ake gani lokacin da suke tsaye ko zaune. Amma strepto mace mai tashi wani gani ne na ban mamaki: lokacin da fuka-fukansa suka bazu, fuka-fukan launin ruwan kasa mai duhu wacce ake iya ganinsu ta fuskar farin gaba. Ko da mace ta fata tana da farin haske mai kaɗa haske kewaye da idanu.
Tsuntsu na '' kwandon kwalliya '' mata - hoto, hoto
Habitat na dan bastard, fasalin halaye
Bashkiria, Caucasus na Arewa, daukacin Transcaucasia, Altai da Kazakhstan - wannan ba cikakkun jerin wuraren wuraren da ake samun strepto a Rasha ba. Tsuntsaye masu hijirar ƙaura, garken hijirar don garkuwar hunturu zuwa Indiya, Indochina da Iran.
Lokacin da masu amfani da kwamfyutocin waje ke neman abinci, suna kama da kaji - suma suna tafiya cikin sauri, suna sunkuyar da kawunansu a kasa, amma har ma da neman abinci, wadannan tsuntsayen basu rasa kulawa ba kuma idan suna cikin hatsari, ba zato ba tsammani.
Mai tsere mai narkewa, zai iya tashi ya tashi, kuma asalin sunan tsuntsayen ya tashi ne daga yanayin tashirsa. Lokacin da dutsen yake son tashi sama, sai ya fara zage-zage da sanya sauti kama da dariya, yawanci sukanyi fuka-fukai (flutters) fuka-fukan sa.
Da rana, idan tayi zafi a cikin steppe, streptos suna ɓoye a cikin ciyawa ko bushes, tsuntsaye suna zuwa neman abinci da safe da maraice. Paukar sha da yawa, kuma suna da asali game da samar da danshi - idan babu tafkuna a kusa, to zasu iya yi ba tare da su na dogon lokaci ba, suna tattara raɓa daga ciyawa.
Strepto yana cin ciyawa, ƙananan 'ya'yan itace, tsaba, amma yana son kowane nau'in kwari, larvae. Kulawa da ciyawar ciyawa itace, a wuraren harbin kwari, an kunna farar filin kuma yana haifar da babbar illa ga shuka.
Habitat mazaunin
Tsuntsu mai zaman kansa yana zaɓar tsarukan furanni, filayen fili da filaye tare da ɗan gajeren ciyawa, wuraren kiwo da wuraren da aka shuka lambun. Tsarin yana buƙatar ciyayi da wuraren da ba a taɓa makwancinsu ba.
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Abin da yankuna rayuwa streptos
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Tsuntsayen tsuntsayen a kudancin Turai da Afirka ta Arewa, a Yammaci da Gabashin Asiya. A lokacin hunturu, mazauna arewa suna ƙaura kudu, tsuntsayen kudu suna yin rayuwa mai taushi.
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Yadda streptos ke tashi
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Tsuntsu yana tafiya a hankali yana son ya gudu, idan ya dame shi, baya guduwa. Idan ya tashi, yakan tashi tare da matsewa, yana saurin buɗe fiƙo tare da fikafikan ɗan ƙaramin abu.
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Me tsuntsaye suke ci kuma yaya suke yin halayyar?
Strep yana cin manyan kwari (kwari), ciyawar ƙasa, mollusks, amphibians da invertebrates, suna cin kayan shuka, harbe, ganye, kawunan fure da tsaba. Daga cikin lokacin kiwo, masu amfani da yanar gizo suna samar da manyan garken don ciyarwa a gona.
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Yadda maza ke jan hankalin mata
Strepto yana yin al'adu masu ban sha'awa don jawo hankalin mace. “Yin tsalle tsalle” ana faruwa ne a kan tsauni ba tare da ciyayi ko a ƙaramin yanki mai tsabta ba.
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Tsuntsu yana farawa tare da ɗan gajeren rawar rawa, yana samar da sautuna tare da paws. Daga nan sai ya tsinkayi kusan mita 1.5 cikin iska, ya furta “prrt” tare da hanci kuma a lokaci guda ya faka fukafukinsa don fitar da yanayin "mai hankali" mai sauti. Wannan rawar al'ada yawanci ana faruwa da alfijir da yamma, kuma yana ɗaukar secondsan mintuna, amma ana furta sautin hanci yayin faɗuwar rana.
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A yayin rayewar, namiji ya ɗaga murƙushe baki, yana nuna wata baƙon fata da fari ta wuya, kuma yana jefa kansa baya. A tsalle, maza suna buɗe farin fikafansu.
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Maza suna biye da mace na dogon lokaci, galibi sukan daina yin sautsi da kunna kawunansu da jikinsu daga gefe zuwa gefe. A lokacin da aka yi niya, namiji yakan ta da kan abokin abokinsa da gemunsa.
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Menene tsuntsaye suke yi bayan balagarsu ta al'ada
Lokacin kiwo shine daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Yuni. Gida naptopto shine ƙarancin gani a ƙasa, yana ɓoye cikin murfin ciyawa mai yawa.
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Matar ta sanya ƙwai biyu 2-6, suna kwantawa har tsawon makonni 3. Namiji ya kasance kusa da wurin da ake kewaya. Idan maharbi ya kusanci, dukkan manya sun yi zagaye da kansa.
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Kaji an rufe shi da jijiyoyin mara nauyi da duhu. Asa ta faɗi kwanaki 25-30 bayan ƙyanƙyashe kuma an maye gurbinsu da gashin fuka-fuki. Kayan kaji suna zama tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa faduwar.
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