Duk mai kiwon kifin kifaye ya san cewa dabbar da ke iyo a jikin dabbobi tana fama da rashin lafiya kuma ba da daɗewa ba za ta mutu. Amma canzawar kifi (Synodontis nigriventris) wani lamari ne. Don wannan kifin akwatin kifaye, kasancewa cikin ciki shine al'ada. Irin wannan fasalin mai ban sha'awa shine sakamakon canji na juyin halitta a wurin da mafitsara mai iyo. A cikin yanayin da ke ciki, kifin kifi yana iyo kusan kashi 90% na lokacin.
Bayanin
Synodontis suna aiki da maraice da kuma dare. A cikin hasken rana, kifayen sun huta, suna hawa zuwa mafaka. An juya musu baya koyaushe, sun juya baya lokacin abinci kawai.
Saboda hanyar musamman ta yin iyo, halayen waje sune takamaiman: baya yana da sauƙi fiye da ciki. Bayanin kamar haka:
- Jikin yayi duhu mai kauri, an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa,
- Tsawon 9 cm
- Ginin yana da siriri
Wakilan nau'ikan basu da sikeli. Fata yana da kauri, an rufe shi da gamsai. An haɓaka ƙashin ɗigon ruwa da na hucin ciki, sanye yake da ƙugiyoyi masu nauyi. A fili caudal ya kasu kashi biyu. Ana iya ganin kitse mai kitse kusa da wutsiya.
Rayuwa cikin yanayi
Nau'in Synodontis nigriventris mallakar dangin Cirrus ya yadu a cikin hanyoyin ruwan Kongo da Kamaru, waɗanda ke cike da ciyayi. Lokacin da ake rayuwa a cikin yanayi, kifi ya fi son tsabtataccen kogin ragi da na baya, inda tsaftataccen ruwa yake motsawa da sauri kuma kasan an hada shi da yashi ko tsakuwa mai tsakuwa.
Canza kifi - kifi tare da yanayin kwanciyar hankali da lumana. Daidai dacewa a cikin akwatin kifaye na lita 80, wanda ke da yawan jinsunan da ba na rigyawa ba.
Synodontis ya fi ƙaunar salon tsalle-tsalle (yana da kyau a sayi garken mutane 3 zuwa 4). Kifin kifi zai ji ba shi da kariya.
Tsarin ruwa
Babban mahimmancin abubuwan ciki shine ingancin ruwa. Kifi na catfish yana buƙatar tsabtace tsabtaccen ruwa. Sabili da haka, dole ne a sanya matattara mai ƙarfi da tsarin aeration a cikin akwatin kifaye. 1/3 na yawan ruwa yana canzawa mako-mako.
Tsarin ruwa ya zama kamar haka:
- Zazzabi 25 - 28 ° C,
- Yawan 6 - 7.5 pH,
- Wuya - 5 - 15 dH (low).
Kayan ado
Yawancin mafaka dole ne su kasance a cikin akwatin kifaye: busasshen itace, samfuran yumbu, tarin duwatsun da manyan kantuna. Dabbobi masu canzawa suna da nau'i biyu na whisisis masu hankali, wanda suke jin kasan cikin binciken abinci. Don hana antennae daga lalacewa, lokacin shirya akwatin kifaye, yakamata a saƙa kasan da yashi ko a tarwatsa masu tsakuwa zagaye.
Ciyar da abinci
Catwalk ba mai fara'a bane game da ciyarwa, yana cin dabbobi da shuka abinci. Daga abincin dabbobi zaku iya bayar da maginin bututu, magudanar jini, goge goge. Abincin tsire-tsire na iya haɗawa da spirulina na tebur, wasu ƙananan, algae.
Kifayen kishirwa suna marmarin cin naman zucchini da kokwamba da aka sarrafa su da ruwan zãfi. Amma wannan mai dadi ne wanda bai kamata a haɗa shi cikin menu ba. Gabaɗaya, ba za a iya ciyar da 'yan shifters ba, saboda suna da haɗari ga kiba. Yana da amfani don shirya ranar azumi sau ɗaya a mako, don barin kifin ba tare da abinci ba.
Kiwo da haihuwa
Synodontis Changeling - nau'in da yake da wahala kiwo a gida. 'Yancin kai mai zaman kansa kusan ba zai yiwu ba don cimma ruwa, saboda haka, ana amfani da motsawa tare da baƙi. Dabbobin gida sun isa balaga tun suna shekaru 2 da haihuwa. Tun da jinsi yana da wuya a ƙayyade, an zaɓi garken don haihuwa.
An zaɓi mutane da aka zaɓa don makonni 2 a cikin kwantena daban-daban, suna ciyar da abinci iri-iri tare da yawan adadin abincin shuka. Kifi don kifayen kifaye don dasawa ya kamata a yi shi a hankali, tunda saboda damuwa, kifin ya shimfiɗa ƙusoshin da aka haɗa da dunƙulen cikin raga kuma yana iya kama a yanar gizo.
Wajibi ne mafaka a wuraren zama. Ruwan acidity na ruwa yana kusan 6 pH, taurin shine kusan 5 dH, zazzabi ya wuce 2 ° C sama da babban akwatin ruwa. Ya kamata a ƙirƙiri kwaɗaitar da ya kwarara.
Bayan tsallakewa, an girbe manya. An rage yawan karfin da yake kwarara. Shiryawa yana kamar mako guda. Qwai ba zai iya tsayar da haske mai haske ba, don haka ya kamata a samar da akwatin kifin.
A soya ne ciyar da dabbobi plankton.
Cutar da Rigakafin
Yawan masu fastoci nawa ke rayuwa ya danganta ne da yanayin tsarewar, amma matsakaicin rayuwar da shekaru yayi shine shekaru 10. Wakilan nau'ikan nau'ikan galibi ne, amma har yanzu suna iya kamuwa da wasu cututtuka. Wadannan hanyoyin cututtukan masu yiwuwa:
- Canjin launi saboda damuwa.
- Fin juji saboda ƙarancin ruwa.
- A tabarbarewa ci saboda babban abun ciki na nitrates a cikin ruwa.
- Spironucleosis cuta ce ta parasitic wacce ke tattare da bayyanar raunuka a jiki.
- Farin fari a jikin mutum tare da kamuwa da cuta na fungal.
Don hana cututtukan cuta, ya zama dole a adana ruwan kifin cikin tsarkakakkiyar tsabta. Don hana fin jujjuyawar, ana bada shawara ga wani lokacin ɓaɓɓar da gishiri a cikin ruwa lokaci-lokaci. Cakuda nitrates cikin ruwa kada ya wuce 20 ppm.
Synodontis ya shahara saboda kwanciyar hankali da yanayin zaman lafiya, rashin kulawa da abinci mai gina jiki. Musamman sha'awa shine ikon sa na iyo.
Janar bayani
Synodontis (Synodontis sp.) Shi ne asalin halittar kifi mai launin shuɗi daga dangin Cirrus. A halin yanzu ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'ikan 130 waɗanda ke zaune a Tsakiya, Gabas da Yammacin Afirka. Wakilan wannan halittar sun fara shigowa Turai ne a shekarar 1950.
Ana iya fassara sunan halittar '' hakoran hakoran '', wanda ke nuni da tsarin halittar wannan kifayen - 45-65 hakoran ƙananan muƙamuƙin girma tare.
Dambe tare da hoton synodontis. Kasar Madagascar, 1994
Synodontis manyan wakilai ne na kifin. Mutane daban-daban na iya yin girma zuwa 30 cm a tsayi. Mafi yawan lokuta ana iya samun kifin kifi a ƙarƙashin sunan "Canzali". Kifin ya sami sunan barkwanci iri ɗaya don fasalin mai ban sha'awa waɗanda za su iya yin iyo da sauri ko kuma suyi kishiya, wanda shine karbuwa ga kama kwari da suka faɗo saman ruwa.
Kamar platidorases na kifayen, suna iya yin saututtukan gargaɗi idan tsoro, ko lokacin da aka fitar da su daga ruwa. Suna yin wannan tare da taimakon mawuyacin farji na ƙashin ƙyallen.
Somics yawanci ba dare ba ne, sun fi son ɓoyewa a cikin ɗaki a lokacin rana. Kifi suna Omnivorous. Sune mataimaka masu kyau wurin kiyaye tsabtar ruwan akwatin, tare da cin ragowar abincin kifayen. A dabi'a suna zama a cikin ƙananan garke.
Bayyanar
Duk da yawancin nau'in halitta, synodontis catfish suna da alaƙa iri daya. Jikin yana da elongated, dan kadan flattened a gefe. Kashi na baya ya fi na ciki girma. Fata yana da ƙarfi tare da yawan gamsai. Dangane da nau'in halitta, girman kifin na iya bambanta daga 6 zuwa 30 cm.
Shugaban yana gajarta ne, a hankali kwance yake gefe. Manyan idanu suna a gefen tarukan kai. Bakin yana ƙasa, faɗaɗawa, kewaye da nau'i biyu na eriyoyi masu hankali. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ƙananan ƙananan suna cirrus ko fringed (fasalin halayyar dangi). Antennae suna ƙyale kifin samo abinci a yamma. Fin din dorsal mai uku ne a sifa, kuma fin wutsiyar ƙananan ƙyalle biyu ne tare da haskoki. Akwai manyan adipose fin.
Somik synodontis. Bayyanar
Finfin dorsal yana da siffar triangular tare da 1-2 spikes, caudal fin shine sau biyu. Hakanan, catwalk sanye take da babban kima mai zagaye mai kyau. Fwannin haƙo na haɓaka suna da haɓaka, haɓaka, ba da damar kifin suyi sauri.
Babban launi na jiki, dangane da nau'in halitta, na iya zama launin rawaya, launin ruwan kasa, launin toka-fata, da sauransu. Siffar halayyar ita ce kasancewar jikin tabo, tatsuniyoyi ko ratsi daban-daban da sifofi. 'Yan ƙasa haske ba tare da aibobi ba.
Dimorphism na jima'i yana da rauni. Mata sun fi maza girma.
Tsammani na rayuwa a cikin akwatin kifin yana zuwa shekaru 15.
Habitat
Synodontis yana yaduwa a cikin Afirka na wurare masu zafi. Ana samun su duka a cikin rafin kogi (Kongo, Nijar, Nile, Zambezi, da dai sauransu) da kuma a cikin tabkuna (Malawi, Tanganyika, Chadi). Yawancinsu suna da matuƙar gargaɗi ga takamaiman mazaunan.
Kifayen kifi suna rayuwa a cikin halittu iri iri: magudanan ruwa, koguna dauke da ruwa mara nauyi. Amma yawancin nau'ikan jinsin sun fi so su zauna kusa da tsaunukan dutse tare da "share-share" masu yashi. Suna ƙaunar tsirrai da tsire-tsire masu yawa, waɗanda suke mafaka ta halitta da rana.
A halin yanzu, tsakanin masu binciken ruwa, mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan synodontis ne, waɗanda ke bambanta su da kyakkyawan launi na jiki da kyawawan halaye masu ban sha'awa.
Mayafin Synodontis (Synodontis eupterus)
Kyakkyawan kifayen kyanwa tare da babban mayafin fin. Launi ya yi kauri daga haske zuwa launin toka har zuwa kusan baki tare da yawancin duhu wurare a jiki. A yanayi, ana iya samunsa a cikin Kogin Nilu, da na Nijar, da tafkin Chadi. Ya fi son koguna masu narkewa tare da ƙananan dutse da azumcin sauri. Kifi zai iya rayuwa biyu kuma cikin kungiyoyi.
Matsakaicin girman jiki shine cm 30. Kifayen ba azzalumi bane, amma dasa shuki ya zama dole tare da babban kifi mai aiki. Recommendedarfafa shawarar akwatin kifaye daga lita 150. Omnivore, a cikin yanayi yana ciyar da kwari, larvae, algae.
Mayafin Synodontis
Synodontis Sauya (Synodontis nigriventris)
Kifin ya sami suna saboda halayyar halayyar sa. Kifayen kifi kusan sau da yawa suna iyo ciki. Wannan halayen ya inganta a juyin halitta, a zaman na'ura don cin kwari a saman ruwa.
A cikin yanayin, ana samun canjin synodontis a yawancin haraji na Kogin Kongo. Ya fi son wuraren da ciyayi mai yawa.
Matsakaicin girman kifin shine 10 cm, yayin da maza kuma sunfi kankanta. Launi mai launin toka-launin ruwan kasa tare da baƙi baki ko'ina cikin jiki. Nagari akwatin kifaye daga lita 60.
Sauyawa Synodontis
Synodontis multifoam (yawan mutanen da aka saba dasu)
Sunan da na gama gari na wannan kifi shi ne synodontis cuckoo, saboda kamar wannan sanannen tsuntsu, kifin ba sa kula da zuriya, amma suna jefa ƙansu a cikin masar don cichlids ɗauke da soya a bakinsu. Wannan halin ake kira "parasitic spawning." Rashin cichlids wanda ba a yarda da shi yana haifar da ƙirar synodontis tare da ƙwai. Amma kifayen ci gaba cikin sauri kuma da bakinciki zasu fasa kwai na cichlids.
Somik cuckoo wani yanki ne da ke cike da tafkin Tanganyika a Gabashin Afirka. Wani nau'in halittar ruwan tabkin shine busasshiyar ƙasa mai yashi da aka cakuda shi da kankara kuma ciyayi kusan babu su.
A cikin akwatin kifaye, kifin cuckoo na iya yin girma zuwa 15 cm a tsayi. Ana iya kiyaye su ko dai guda ɗaya ko a cikin ƙananan rukuni, idan ƙarar akwatin akwatin kifaye da adadin adadin mafaka ya ba da damar. Jikin yana da haske launin rawaya tare da launin baki masu yawa. Cikakken ciki a bayyane yake, tare da yaduwar launuka masu launin baki wadanda suke shimfiɗa a kan ƙwanƙwashin ƙwayar farin caudal. Doarshen bayan dorsal mai uku, baƙar fata tare da farin datti. Recommendedarin shawarar da akwatin kifaye don tabbatarwa ya kasance daga lita 100.
Synodontis da yawa-hange
Kulawa da Kulawa
Selectedarar akwatin akwatin don tabbatar da synodontis an zaɓi shi dangane da takamaiman nau'in. Misali, lita 60 zata isa canji, kuma mayafin mutum yana buƙatar akwatin akwatin akalla 150. Saboda kifayen ba sa lalata antennae mai hankali, yana da kyau a yi amfani da yashi ko ƙaramar ƙanƙara.
Ana iya kiyaye Synodontis ko ta ɗauka ko a garken
Yana da mahimmanci don samar da mafaka da yawa - wuraren da zaku iya ɓoyewa, ya kamata ya zama ba ƙasa da adadin synodontis kansu a cikin akwatin kifaye ba. Al'adun ruwa na yau da kullun, tsintsiya, tukwane na yumbu na fure suna iya zama mafaka. Hakanan tsire-tsire masu rai zasu kasance da amfani ga jinsuna da yawa, amma da aka ba da dabi'ar halitta don tono ƙasa, ya fi kyau dasa su a cikin tukwane na musamman. Anubias, echinodorus, cryptocorynes sun dace sosai.
A cikin aquariums tare da synodontis suna buƙatar tsari
Ana buƙatar matatar mai ƙarfi da kyau a cikin akwatin kifaye. Synodontis kifi ne mai faɗuwar rana, don haka hasken wuta shima ya fi kyau a rufe. Mai kula da zazzabi ba zai zama dalla-dalla ba, saboda waɗannan mazaunan Afirka na wurare masu zafi suna son ruwan dumi.
Sau ɗaya a mako, canjin ruwa ya zama dole - har zuwa 20% na yawan akwatin kifaye.
Tabbatattun sigogin ruwa don abun ciki sune: T = 24-26 ° C, pH = 6.5-7.5, GH = 4-12.
Yarbuwa
Synodontis sune kifi masu son zaman lafiya, amma wannan baya nufin ko kaɗan za'a iya kama su da kowane ɗan ƙaramin nau'in halitta. Kamar sauran manyan kifayen kifayen, da kifin kifi za su yi farin cikin cin duk wanda ya dace da bakinsa. Sabili da haka, lokacin da aka kiyaye shi a cikin babban akwatin kifaye, tetra, Neon, zebrafish, guppy an cire gaba ɗaya.
Kifi ya kasance tare da danginsu. Koyaya, matsala tana yiwuwa a nan, don haka kuna buƙatar kulawa da mafaka. Mafi sau da yawa, synodontis yana yin magana da ƙarfi ga sauran ƙananan kifin - bots, corridors, anticistruses - an kuma bada shawarar yin guji.
Synodontis zai iya kasancewa tare da Malawi cichlids
Amma tare da cichlids na Afirka, synodontis ya ci gaba sosai. Kuna iya tsayawa akan aulonokara, haplochromis, melanochromis, da dai sauransu. Hakanan zaka iya shirya synodontis tare da ƙima, manyan gouras, iris.
Kiwo da kiwo
Saukar kamun kifi a cikin gida mai yiwuwa ne, amma yana buƙatar ikon amfani da allurar hormonal.
Don kiwo, ana amfani da akwatin kifaye tare da ƙaramin lita 70. Mako guda gabanin zargin cinikin, masu kera ana shuka su kuma ake ciyar da su da yawa. Wajibi ne a shimfiɗa raga a ƙasa don kada iyaye su ci abincin caviar su. Don motsa jiki, yawan zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa 2-3 ° C, ana yin canjin ruwa kuma an ƙirƙiri mai gudana. Kifayen suna allura tare da kwayoyin halittu sau ɗaya, bayan haka sa yakan zama bayan sa'o'i 12. Yawan mace-mace na iya isa ƙwai 500. Bayan kammala aikin, masu samar da kayan aikin an tsara su.
Caviar shiryawa yana kimanin sa'o'i 40, fararen ƙwai da naman gwari ke cirewa daga cikin akwatin kifaye. Bayan ƙyanƙyashe, larvae ya ciyar a kan kwai gwaiduwa na wasu kwanaki 4. Soya suna girma ba tare da matsala ba, amma kada ku kushe juna, don haka ba a buƙatar rarrabuwa.
Lokacin balaga yana faruwa ne da kimanin shekara 1.