Red zebra (Metriaclima estherae) ba shine mafi yawan m memba na ƙungiyar mbuna ba, amma, duk da haka, ƙarancin farin ciki ne idan aka kwatanta da wakilan sauran iyalai. Wannan kifin kifayen kyau ne sosai. Launuka na dukkan jinsi suna da bambanci sosai, kuma zaku iya tunanin cewa waɗannan nau'ikan jinsin ne. Kodayake akwai launuka da yawa na zebul na Raba, mafi yawan mata launin rawaya ne, kuma maza suna shuɗi. Wannan nau'in zai iya sauƙaƙe ga kowane irin abincin, yana haifarwa ba tare da matsaloli ba, kuma kula da zuriyarsa shima ba ya haifar da matsaloli na musamman.

Pseudotrophyus jan zebra babban zabi ne ga yan koyo da gogaggun masunta. Idan yawan canjin ruwa baya haifar da matsala ga masu binciken ruwa, kuma ya tara makwabta wadanda suka dace, kula da wannan mbuna ba zai zama da wahala ba. Don samun nasarar kula da kifayen, karka ɗauki mace fiye da ɗaya ko mace biyu ko uku ga kowace 110 cm akwatin kifaye.

Hakanan wajibi ne don samar da adadin wurare da kifayen da suke iya ɓoyewa. Idan mai binciken ruwa yana so ya adana Red Zebras tare da sauran ɗalibai, to ana buƙatar babban akwatin kifaye. Wannan kifin kifayen, kuma ana kiran shi zebra na Grant, wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar cichlid da ake kira mbuna. Akwai nau'ikan 12 a cikin rukunin, kowannensu yana da aiki sosai kuma yana da halayyar tashin hankali. Wannan kifin na iya haifar dashi cikin bauta.

Habitat

Metriaclima estherae, wanda kuma aka sani da zebra Estrant Grant, Conings ya bayyana shi a 1995 kuma yana zaune a Yankin Malawi (Afirka). Mai binciken ya sanya wa suna suna bayan Esther Grant, matar ichthyologist Stuart Grant.

Kodayake wani yanki mai mahimmanci na yawan mutanen Metriaclima estherae suna zaune kusa da Minos reef, ana iya samun wasu mutane a Meluluk (Mozambique, Afirka). Kamar sauran mbuns, kifin yana son zama a cikin wuraren da zai iya samun tarkace mafi kyawu - aufwux. Aufvuks dogayen algae suna girma akan duwatsu. Zasu iya ɗaukar larvae na kwari, lemu, crustaceans, katantanwa, ticks da sauran zooplankton.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa cichlid da aka sani a kimiyya karkashin uku daban-daban sunayen. Wannan matsala ce da har yanzu ba a warware ta ba. Lokacin da aka fara gano shi, ana kiran shi Pseudotropheus estherae kuma an sanya shi a cikin mallakar Pseudotropheus, wanda ke ɗauke da ƙananan kifaye masu dangantaka da ake kira Zebras.

Daga baya ya juya ga cewa kifayen ba su da kusanci, kuma a cikin 1984 al'ada ce a kira su Zeeland don su raba Zebras a cikin jinsin daban. Wannan sunan ya fito ne daga sunan shahararren masanin kimiyyar halittar dabbobi - Hans Mayland. Amma kuma akwai matsala game da wannan suna, tunda ba ta bi wasu sharuɗan da aka tanada don sunayen kimiyya ba. Saboda haka, an bashi matsayin "nomen nudum", ma'ana cewa ba za'a iya amfani da sunan azaman na kimiyya ba. Koyaya, wannan batun har yanzu ana kan tattaunawa.

A cikin 1997, an yanke shawarar sake canza kifin zuwa Metriaclima. Kamar lokacin da ya gabata, sunan ma yana da matsaloli. A wannan yanayin, ba a cika sharuddan sauya sunayen kimiyya ba. Musamman ma, ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwar bai gabatar ga hukuma ba don amincewa. Kodayake yanzu Metriaclima sunan kimiyya ne, amma duk wadanda basu yarda suna da hakkin suyi amfani da wannan sunan. Saboda haka, sunayen biyu na ƙarshen karni na 20, ana ɗaukar Metriaclima estherae da Maylandia estherae, kuma a cikin wasu da'irori ana amfani da Pseudotropheus estherae.

Bayanin

Red zebras na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10. Jikinsu yayi daɗewa kuma yayi kama da torpedo a cikin siffar. Launi na mace da namiji ba ɗaya bane, akwai launuka daban-daban: maza na "jan-shudi" mai shayarwa ana zanen su da shuɗi mai haske tare da ratsi tsaye a tsaye da digiri 4-7 zagaye kusa da gabanin fin fin. Sosai na wannan saɓanin ya fi sauƙi don rarrabe tsakanin su - maza an haife su da duhu launin ruwan kasa, mace kuma launin shuɗi ne.

Maza na “launuka mai haske” na iya samun launin ja kawai ba, har ma da ja-lemu ba tare da wani layi mai tsaye ba. Fryarfin soyarsu an haife su tare da launi iri ɗaya kamar na mace, amma bayan maza sun kai 6 cm tsayi, sun fara canza launi.

Haka kuma akwai nau'in "albinos", amma a cikin daji suna da matuƙar wuya. Mace na iya zama rawaya, lemo, ko lemo mai duhu. Hakanan, sun lura har zuwa manyan manyan maki uku kusa da fin fin.

Ciyar da jan zembra

Wakilan nau'in Metriaclima estherae sune kifayen kifin, amma suna buƙatar samfuran tsire-tsire akai-akai. Kodayake zebra suna iya cin zooplankton a cikin daji, yawancin abincinsu yakamata su kasance kayan lambu ko abinci iri ɗaya. Duk wani abincin wannan nau'in zai dace da su, amma don launi na jiki ya kasance mai haske, ya zama dole don ƙara abinci mai gina jiki, spirulina, cyclops, ko kowane abinci mai inganci don cichlids. Wani lokaci zaku iya bayar da jatan kogin kifin ko nauplii brine shrimp. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa karnukan daji suna samun mai da sauri, saboda haka bai kamata ka shaye su ba.

Bugu da kari, Metriaclima yana son tsara abinci na algal, don haka farashin abinci zai zama ƙasa da abin da ake amfani da shi na cichlids na carnivorous. An ba da shawarar ciyar da kifi sau da yawa, amma a cikin ƙananan rabo waɗanda aka sha da sauri kuma ba zasu lalata ganimar ba. Ana buƙatar bitamin da abincin dabba a cikin abincin, amma bai kamata ku cika shi da sunadarai ba saboda kifin na iya fama da toshewa.

A talifi na gaba, zaku iya koya game da yanayin abinci na Metriaclima da bambance bambance su daga wasu yan gari.

Metriaclima estherae yana buƙatar ma'aunin akwatin kifaye aƙalla lita 250 tare da tsawon santimita 122. Idan wakilan wannan nau'in ba sune kawai masu haya na akwatin kifaye ba, har ma ana buƙatar ƙarin sarari. Zebras ta gamsu da wani ruwa mai tsafta ko kuma ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, babban yanayin shine tabbatar da yawan ruwa a koda yaushe tare da aikinta. Tabbas za a ƙara murjani ko yashi a cikin akwatin kifaye - za su taimaka ci gaba da pH a babban matakin. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da tsaku. Dutse da dusar kankara suna da amfani don gina yawancin wurare da wuraren da kifi zai iya ɓoyewa. Wannan zai taimaka wajen rage tsokanar zaluncin mutane da rarraba yankin. Red zebra yana son yin tono a ƙasa, saboda haka dole ne a sanya duwatsun a saman yashi, kada a binne su a ciki.

Rashin ingancin ruwa nan da nan yana rinjayar lafiyar cichlids. Tunda Red Zebra tana da hankali ga tsarin ruwan, ana buƙatar canza sati 30% na ruwa (gwargwadon adadin halittar mai rai a cikin akwatin kifaye) da tsaftace ganuwar akwatin kifayen kowane mako biyu. Idan kifin ya nuna ƙara yawan tsokanar zalunci, zamu iya ba da shawarar canji a wurin mafaka da ƙyallen, wanda zai haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna da sake sabunta yanki. Bloating a cikin cichlids na Malawian cuta ce ta yau da kullun ga waɗannan kifayen, halayyar mutane waɗanda abincinsu ya mamaye samfuran dabbobi maimakon samfuran shuka. Jan zebra suna da wasu cututtuka da yawa gama gari ga duk kifin ruwa.

Yanayi masu mahimmanci

Kogunan dake gudana zuwa tafkin Malawi suna dauke da albarkatun ma'adinai daban-daban. Saboda wannan da adadin kuzari mai yawa, ruwan da ke cikin tabkin yana da alaƙa da babban sinadarin alkalis da ma'adanai. An san tafkin don nuna gaskiya da kwanciyar hankali na yawancin alamomi masu guba, kamar pH. Daga nan ya bayyana a sarari dalilin da yasa ya zama dole don saka idanu kan sigogin ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da kifi daga Lake Malawi. Hadarin gubar ammoniya yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙara pH, don haka a kowane yanayi ya kamata ka manta canza ruwa a cikin akwatin kifaye. Idan ba'a biya waɗannan buƙatun ba, kifin na iya ɗaukar tsawon lokaci zuwa canje-canje a pH.

Wuya: 6-10 ° dH
pH: 7.7 - 8.6
Zazzabi: 23 -28 ° C

Hadin gwiwar Zebra cichlid tare da sauran kifi

Ba za a iya kiran wannan mesuna mai fara'a ba. Mafi kyawun haɗuwa da daidaikun mutane shine namiji 1 da mace biyu. Idan ana amfani da wasu nau'ikan kifin nimble a cikin akwatin kifaye don rage zalunci, canje-canje na ruwa sau da yawa sun zama dole. Za'a iya gudanar da Metriaclima estherae tare da haɗin kai tare da wasu ƙananan mbunas marasa ƙarfi daga Malawi, amma idan sun kasance masu girma dabam dabam kuma ba kamarsu a cikin bayyanar, in ba haka ba za'a iya lura da rikice-rikice ko ƙetare tare da samuwar nau'ikan halittu, wanda ba a ba da shawarar sosai ba. Hakanan, a kowane hali baza a iya ajiye fitsarin zebra tare da Haplochromis ba, tunda zebras, kamar dukkan Mboons, suna matukar tayarda hankalin su.

A sama wani namiji ne na jakar ja, kuma a ƙasa akwai mace (hoto daga Michael Persson)

Mazaje maza da marayu

Namiji yana fentin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da ratsin madaidaiciya a tsaye ko a ruwan launi mai launin ja ba tare da wani ratsi ba. Hakanan, namiji kusa da fin fin yana da maki 4 zuwa 7 zagaye. Mace tana da launin rawaya, ruwan lemo ko mai launi iri ɗaya. Kusa da tarawar fin, tana da maki uku. Yana faruwa wani duhu mai duhu ya wuce gaba daya jikin.

Kiwo

Za'a iya jan ragin dodo a zaman bauta. Balagagge yana ƙare a cikin kifi kan girman girman 7-8 santimita. Idan launi da ake so bai riga ya bayyana kanta a cikin kifi da aka sayi don kiwo ba, dole ne a kai 7-10 guda. Don haɓaka abincin da ake fitarwa, ya kamata a ciyar da masu samar da abinci iri iri sau biyu a rana. Hakanan, suna buƙatar yanayi mai nutsuwa. Idan kodan janaba bai tsallake ba, to wataƙila ɗayan kifin nan yana da muni sosai, kuma yakamata ka cire shi daga akwatin kifin. Rashin ƙifin kifi mai haifar da yanayin yana haifar da yanayin kwanciyar hankali wanda ke haɓaka haifuwar Metriakima.

Mace ta daga ƙwai 20 zuwa 30 kuma nan da nan ta ɓoye su a cikin bakin ta har sai sun yi shara. Namijin yana yada furucin sa, wanda akwai dige masu kama da kwai, domin mace, tana rikitar dasu da qwai, shima yana ƙoƙarin ɓoye shi cikin bakinsa. Ta wannan hanyar, yakan zuga namiji ya saki maniyyi da kuma hadi da ƙwai. A tsakanin makonni 2-3 a zazzabi na 28 ° C, soya ya bayyana a cikin haske. Venian yara suna ciyar da abinci mai bushe tare da abinci na Artemia nauplii. Da farko, mace tana kiyaye zuriyarta. Nan gaba, zai zama sauƙi ga soya don tsira idan akwai isassun mafaka a cikin akwatin kifaye. Canza launin kifi na nau'in "ja-shuɗi" da farko ya yi daidai da canza launi na mace. Maza sun fara canza launi bayan sun kai santimita 6 a tsayi. Namiji mai launin “mai haske mai haske” ana haifuwa tare da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, da kuma mace mai launin shuɗi.

Makar fata farar fata (Metriaclima estherae) tare da caviar a bakinta (hoto ta kimonasandrews) Yolk Larvae (hoto daga hannun Michael Persson)

RED ZEBRA MORPH

An yi imani da cewa launi mai haske na maza shine nau'in sifa mai launin ja "zebras", sakamakon maye gurbi na halitta. Lokacin kiwo, duka ja da fari maza dole ne su girma daga soya. Amma matsalar ita ce, a aikace ba a tabbatar da wannan muhawara ba. Daga Moscow, kuma mafi kyau a faɗi, daga cikin gida, "zebra" duk kifaye masu launin fari-ja sun girma. Zai yi kama, kuma bari su zama yadda suke, amma menene? Wanene ya damu?

Amma, Da farko dai, ina matukar jin tsoro game da abin da yasa ba a sami wani ɗan shekaru fiye da 30 na tarihin noman jan wake ba a bainar jama'a da ya yi tambaya game da yanayin bayyanar da suna. Kuma abu na biyu, a cikin shekarar tallace-tallace a 1986, Na sayi biyu na jan zebras a kan tsohuwar Birdie (waɗanda manyan ba su da isasshen tara kuɗin "makarantar"), wanda shekara guda daga nasara ya sami girma a cikin kifin maza kuma ya fara farawa sosai. Don haka, namiji cikakkiyar kwafin mace ce, i.e. launin ruwan hoda-ja.

Bayan haka, zan iya cewa, Ina fara shirin tafiya na ruwa na ruwa kuma namiji bai dame shi da launin baƙon ba, akasin haka, a wancan lokacin da alama a gare ni: zebal biyu masu launin ja - kifi biyu masu ja. Farin fari da ja - fari da kifi, da dai sauransu.

Hoton wani farin zebra

Dangane da labarin almara na zamanin, duk hadaddun zebul na Malawi na mallakar 'yan Pseudotropheus ne (Pseudotropheus). Kifayen ana kiransu da sauƙin kawai kuma ana kiransu Ps.zebra, sai kuma ƙirar launi na kifin don daidaitawa da nau'in launi. Babban siffofin sun kasance kamar haka: biyu mai ja - Red Red (RR), ja-shuɗi - Red Blue (mata sun yi ja, maza suna shuɗi-shuɗi, a hanya, gaba ɗaya sun ɓace don ƙwayar kifi na gida), fari - W (fari), keɓaɓɓe. da sauransu Kuma mafi mahimmanci, duk sauran nau'ikan murfin launi, suna girma, suna cikakkiyar daidaituwa zuwa bayanin raguwa.

RED ZEBRA Zabi

Don haka, da alama a gare ni, a wani mataki, murfin farin da na farin ja biyu sun haɗu, musamman tunda soya daga biyun sun yi ja sosai, ban da ƙananan lambobi, kuma ana sayarwa a ƙarƙashin manyan suna “ninki biyu”. Saboda 'yan kasuwa sun lura da dadewa: kifin ja, har ma ya ninki biyu, hakan gaskiya ne ya fi na kowane. Daga nan, wataƙila, 'dutsen zebra biyu' ya tafi, wanda ga mai farantar dabbobin ruwa, ba wai kawai akwai "zebra" ba, shima ba ninki biyu bane.

VIDEO PSEUDOTROPHEUS RED ZEBRA Metriaclima estherae

Dole ne a faɗi cewa rukunin zebras na polymorphic ya rabu cikin tsari a cikin 90s na ƙarni na karshe zuwa asalin. Mafi yawan kifayen da aka kwace sun tafi zuwa ga metriaclima na dabi'ar, wanda ya sauƙaƙe rayuwar daban-daban masu siyarwa da masu ba da shawarwari, waɗanda aka hana su damar yin bayani ga kifin ruwan kifaye na lokaci ɗari na abin da yasa ake kiran jan kifi ko shuɗi ba tare da rago ba.

A zahiri, babban dutsen ja biyu yanzu ana kiranta Metriaclima estherae. Tare da wannan suna, kifayen wannan nau'in ba dole suyi ja biyu ba, kuma abin da sauti yayi sabo a ƙarƙashin raguwa na baya (RR) yanzu ana ɗaukar shi kyakkyawa.
Amma a kusa da wannan lokaci abubuwa uku masu muhimmanci ga masana'antar akwatin kifaye na ƙasarmu ya faru.

1. Shahararren “Wutar Lantarki” a ƙarshe ya ɓace, da duk abin da ya shafi kasancewarsa, gami da rashin iya siyar da nau'ikan kifaye iri iri da kuma sa kuɗi a kai.
   
2. Yawancin Russia suna da kuɗi don biyan irin waɗannan shigo da kaya.
   
3. Intanet ya zo, wanda ke ba da damar samun bayanan da suka kasance ana amfani da su sosai, a hankali kuma wani lokaci tare da gurbata tarbiya.

Tuni a cikin sabon karni, na ƙarshe gani a Moscow na dogon zebras ja. Haka ya faru kyakkyawa corny. Bayan da na ziyarci abokina na makaranta (ƙoƙarina - yanzu mai binciken ruwa ne), wanda kwanan nan ya dawo daga tafiyar kasuwanci zuwa Jamhuriyar Czech, sai na ga baƙin ze biyu a ɗayan ɗakunan sa lita 500 na ruwa. Abin da ya kasance daidai yake da wanda aka samu a wurin lokacin a yan shekaru 80s.

Abin da ya bambanta waɗannan kifayen daga zebra biyu na gida ba wai kawai daidai yake da launi mai launi na maza da na mata ba, har ma da kyamar haske da ke fitowa daga fin-cin, wanda aka ambata musamman a cikin maza. Kifin sun riga sun kasance manya, ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi maza huɗu bayyane kuma kusan dozin daban ne daban-daban na mata - masu yiwuwa mata.

A zahiri, ba zan iya taimakawa ba amma in sami irin wannan "raren" nostalgic, musamman tunda aboki ya gaya mini: Na sami garken "tare da gefe", in tuna labaru na game da ja biyu ba sosai zebra ba, Intanet ta tashi, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a karɓi bayanin da aka karɓa a baya sosai dosed, belated kuma wani lokacin tare da manyan hargitsi.

Namiji mai cutar mace

A gida, na sa mata da maza biyu da aka karɓa a cikin wani tafki mai nauyin 500 tare da daskararrun dutsen filastik "a ƙarƙashin dutsen," kuma Malawi da yawa sun kasance maƙwabta na sabbin mazauna, ban da kifi daga cikin matattarar zebra (don cire rashin lafiyan yanayi). Musamman, Dole ne in canja wurin wasun jakunan ja biyu daga nan zuwa yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali, wanda aka rarrabe shi da sabon shiga daga rashi tururuwa mai haske a kan kifin.

Da sauri "Czechs" ya sauka a wani sabon wuri kuma, tun da ya ci sararin samaniya kyauta, ya fara kula da shi sosai.Yaron ya zabi wa kansa babban dutse mai matukar girman kai kuma ba tare da kulawa ba ya tsabtace kasa daga akwatin ruwa, yana sarrafawa don tunatar da mata da sauran mazaunan kasancewar su yayin hutu. Yarinyar da ta fi girma ta kama wuri a kan dutsen a gaban matatar, yayin da ƙaramin ya fi so a yi ruwa a kan ruwa. Kodayake, mafi yawanci, ta kawai ba shi da isasshen yankuna da ba a kebe su ba.

Namijin namiji nan da nan ya koma babbar zakin mace. Bayan ya cire ƙasa mai wucewa, a cikin sahihinsa na gani, daga grotto, a yanzu ya yi rawa koyaushe a kusa da ita.

Tare da juya jikinsa gaba daya, ya gabatar da dan wasan dab da sutturar kwai-mai kwai kuma, cikin tsananin girgiza, ya kira abokin aikinsa zuwa wani wuri mai tsabtace, wanda bai manta da ladabi ba kamar yadda zai yayyafa sauran 'yan uwan ​​aquarium.

Gabaɗaya, ya kamata a sani cewa mafari, hakika, ya zama jagorar wannan ƙirar halittar ɗan adam. Namiji ne kawai - Pseudotropheus (Metriaclima) lombardoi zai iya ba shi cancancin tsawata.

Ba da da ewa, spawning faru a cikin grotto, bayan da mace da mai magana da caviar koma ƙasarta.

Tunda na riga na saba da kaina don barin lardin tsufa na kwana 10 na Malawians a cikin jaka na filastik tare da kumburin iska don farfadowa da kuma amfani da incubators kawai a matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe, bayan shekaru goma game da larvae 40 sun girgiza daga cikin mace kuma an sanya su a cikin ɗayan irin waɗannan jakunkuna. A ciki, sun rayu duk matakan da sukakamata na metamorphosis kuma bayan wasu kwanaki goma (tare da ɗan tashi kaɗan) aka sake su zuwa fashewar.

Abin mamaki mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa soya, da fari, ya rigaya ya yi ja, kuma abu na biyu, babu kusan duhu mai launi a launinsu, wanda galibi yana “ƙawata” jikin talakawa masu adonn zebras da aka saka sayarwa.

A soya ciyar da kyau a kan decapsulated artemia da girma sosai. Ba da daɗewa ba, akan wasu ƙeƙasassun, musamman mahimma, shuɗar shuɗi ya zama sananne, yana ƙaruwa da haɓakar matasa. Amma saturnin launi na jiki, ya yi akasin haka, ya ragu. Wannan murfin yana zama ja lokacin farin ciki na mutane, wato a shekara. Wannan yana bambanta shi da babban zebra, ja mai haske a cikin matakin soya, sannan jujjuya launin fata (musamman halayyar maza).

Ban taɓa jingina ga kiwon kifi na asalin Czech ba, amma a yau yawancin ƙarni na al'ummomin shekaru daban-daban na waɗannan cichlids sun yi iyo a cikin ruwa na. Don haka, zamu iya cewa mafarkin ja biyu ya zama gaskiya.

Matsayin ruwa a lokacin kiwo da kiyaye kifin a cikin akwatin kifaye kamar haka: jimlar ƙarfi 18 ° dGH, pH 7.8, zazzabi 28 ° C, yawan fitarwa da tacewa.

A ka'ida, yawancin abubuwan nuna alama sun dace da abun cikin nasara na zebras ja ta Malawi. Don haka, ƙarancin ruwa na iya bambanta daga 7 ° zuwa 27 °, pH daga 6.8 zuwa 8.5, raguwar zazzabi zuwa 23 ° C kuma dumama zuwa 33 ° an yarda ba tare da yin illa ga lafiyar kifin ba. Babban abu shi ne cewa tsarin mulki ya tabbata, kuma sauye-sauye, idan akwai, suna da laushi. Koyaya, wannan tanadi ya shafi ba kawai ga Malawi ba, har ma da babban adadin sauran mazaunan ruwa.

Ba na ciyar da kifayen da abinci mai rai, ko da yake ba zan iya faɗi mummunan abu ba game da shi. Abincin dabbobin dabbobinna ya ƙunshi cakuda manyan granules, flakes da sauran abubuwan da suka dace don amfani, kuma, hakika, samfura masu inganci waɗanda masana'antar zoo suka samar mana. Idan abokin gaba ne na “fasa,” zaka iya amfani da lafiya daphnia, cyclops, coronet ko bloodworms, har da nama, kifi, yankakken abincin teku, da sauransu.

Comparancin abinci mai mahimmanci na abincin yakamata ya zama kayan shuka. A yanayin, "zebras" - ya kasance na ƙungiyar Mbuna ta Malauna - suna rayuwa a kan dutsen da dutsen wanda ke da wadatar alkama, waɗanda kifayen ke aiki tare da gwanin gwanin baki. Fetik ko soya da ba su dame ba akan lokaci karin abincin dabbobi ne ga irin abincin da ake ci.

Lokacin adana a cikin akwatin kifaye, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa ja "zebras" sune jinsi wanda ke da cikakkiyar wakilcin yanki, don haka tafki mai nauyin 300, elongated ko tare da babban yankin ƙasa, ana iya ɗauka mafi kyau a gare su (saboda a iya dasa wani). Kodayake, hakika, aikatawa ya san yawancin lokuta na abubuwan metriaclim a cikin mafi girman adadin. Tunda ana amfani da kifin zuwa wurin kiwon dabbobi, kyawawan kayan adon a wannan yanayin zai zama duwatsun launuka daban-daban da saitattu - na halitta ko na roba.

Wadanda ba za su iya tunanin kwalliyar akwatin kifaye ba tare da tsire-tsire za su iya yi tare da lalata filastik ba. Rayuwa zan iya bayar da shawarar kawai a matsayin gwaji da kuma adadi kaɗan. Dangane da rashin tabbas, ina mai ba ku shawara ku dasa su, saboda yuwuwar asarar hydrophytes ba zai haifar da babbar illa ga tafkin jirgin ba. Af, don haɓaka bayyanawar rukunin "Malawi", zaku iya amfani da fitilu tare da jiguna masu launin ja, kuma idan fitilar ta tanadi inda jigon haske da yawa, sannan ƙara fitila ɗaya ba zai cutuwa ba.

Hoto yaro mai launin farar fata tare da ƙyallen turquoise

Duk thean Malawi iri ɗaya ne, da kowane irin motsi, mai kama da girma da kifi mai ƙima ba tare da ƙoshin karewa ba, da kifin kifayen da ke sanye da kayan ɗamara na yanayi, za su dace da maƙwabta zuwa “zebras” ja.

Idan ba'a yi la'akari da zuriya daga dabbobi ba a nan gaba, zaku iya yin akwatin kifayen zebrasnik: akwati mai dozin iri-iri daban-daban suna da kyan gani. Tunda dukkansu suna da kamanni iri daban-daban, suna saurin rikicewa a tsakanin su, da kuma sauran nau'in cichlids na Malawia. A cikin hybrids kansu, a ganina, babu wani abin da ba daidai ba, amma idan ba a nuna su a matsayin sabon nau'in halitta ba.

A ganina, ana samo asalin halittar tawali'u daban daban ta Malawi ba da jimawa ba ko kuma daga baya su nemo wurin yin hotun kifi da irinsu, don a magana, ana shigar da ganyayyaki. Wannan zai taimaka, a gefe guda, don fitar da bayyanar sabbin nau'ikan tafkin, kuma na biyu, zai sanya ya yiwu a gudanar da kiwo mai zuwa na jan zakin tare da nufin samar da wata kungiya mai yanayin da, sakamakon zabi mai ma'ana da jagoranci, zai ci gaba da kasancewarta kasancewar ruwa mai ruwa.

A halin yanzu, hargitsi da rikice-rikice suna sarauta a cikin wannan filin. A cikin hanyoyin ruwa na masoya na cichlid, idan ba masu shayarwa masu sana'a bane, ba a daɗe da sanya Malawians layi sosai ba, wanda ke nuna cewa yiwuwar tsallaka maras wata-wata sosai.

Tun da halin da ake ciki ga 'yan kodan a cikin al'amuran cichlids ba shi da kyau, sau da yawa ana iya yin watsi da batun tsattsauran ra'ayi,' 'giciye' 'shinge mai shinge a cikin akwatin kifin mai son ko dai "a kan shawarar abokai" ko, a mafi yawan lokuta, sukan fara tafiya cikin duniya a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban.

Hakanan bai kamata mu yi watsi da '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' kamar yadda muka sani. tsayayyen irin Malawi.

Bugu da kari, dangane da cutarwar intraspecific (tsallaka shinge biyu na launi), jan zebra yana nuna fasali daya wanda baya halayyar halittar da aka samo daga irin nau'in sauran wakilan Malawin na yanar gizo ichthyofauna. A matsayinka na mai mulki, rarrabuwa cikin launi ta hanyar halayen iyaye yana nan idan ko tsallake gaba daya daban daban da bambancin launin fata, ko kuma “giciye” ya fito daga wasu tsirrai guda biyu, wadanda kowannensu ya riga ya kwashe kwayoyin halittu daban-daban. A wasu halaye, rarrabuwar bai faru ba (a zahiri, ina yin hukunci ne kawai ta hanyar hatsi da na lura) ba a farkon ba kuma a cikin tsararraki masu zuwa. A takaice dai, ya zama babbar rukunin kiwo, wanda tare da babban matakin yiwuwar masu siyarwar marasa gaskiya zasu iya ba da sabon salo ko sifa.

Tare da soya na jan zebras na baya-baya, alal misali, tare da bambancin pinto na launi (OM), mai zuwa yana faruwa: a cikin ƙarni na farko, duk kifaye ja, kuma a na biyu daga kifi biyu masu ja, ana samun soya na pinto da jan zebra. Don haka idan wani a cikin tafkin gida yana da zebbai biyu masu ja biyu da ja da tabo, kun sani: wannan ba sabon abu bane maye ba, amma rarrabasu iri ɗaya ne a cikin tsararru biyu.

Af, wakar da aka tsinkaye daga irin wannan zuriya ta girma kyakkyawa: tare da adadi masu yawa dabam daban da launuka iri-iri. A nan gaba, ƙungiyar jinsi tana da tabbatuwa kuma tana bayar da soyayyen fata kawai.

Haka abin yake a yayin da aka ketare wata mace ta zumar alkama tare da wani saurayi mai launin zoba mai launin toka (M.callainos), kawai mushen ya yi fari-mai haske. Lokacin da yake tsiyaye tare da taguwar zebra, ɗayan ƙarfe na farko shine bulo ja.

A zahiri, zaku iya tabbatar da duk abubuwan da ke sama da kanku ta hanyar gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da suka dace a gida. Don Allah kawai kar a bari sakamakon "giciye" ya zama sayarwa azaman sabon abu ko sabon bambancin launi, yana da kyau a nuna asalin asalinsu a fili. Wannan ya zama dole idan kawai don tabbatar da abokin aikinka, masaniyar ruwa, samun wannan kifin, baya jin yana maganan.

A halin yanzu, wannan shine ainihin abin da ya faru ga waɗanda suka sayi zinariya, ko rawaya, zebra, ta hanyar lalata da launi mai kyau. Wannan nau'in kwanciyar hankali na Malawi shine sakamakon gicciye tsakanin jan zebra da kuma rawanin kwalallen kwalaji (Pseudotropheus trop-heops) da kuma Golden Labidochromis (Labidochromis caeruleus "Rawaya").

Hoton kifin kifin zinari

An dauki kusan shekaru biyu kafin a tabbatar da asalin wannan sabon zebra morph wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen. Kuma kamar 'yan watanni da suka gabata na samo a cikin hotunan yanar gizon yanar gizon irin wannan nau'in girke-girke na kwanan nan a cikin gidan ruwa na magidanci, wanda marubucin ya nuna da gaskiya: waɗannan an samo su ta hanyar "giciye" na jan zebra da zinido labidochromeis (da ake kira “Yellow”).

Koyaya, ba wai kawai mutum yana da laifi game da bayyanar halittu ba. Na dogon lokaci (kusan daga daidai lokacin da Malawi na farko suka bayyana a cikin USSR) sun tabbatar mana cewa yanayi yana gina shinge amintacce akan wannan tafarki. Musamman, nau'ikan zebras masu launi sun zama sun keɓe kuma keɓe ta wurare masu nisa, waɗanda ke sauƙin sauƙin gefen ruwan Malawi mai sauƙi. Koyaya, binciken filin bai tabbatar da wannan ba. Akasin haka, hotuna da bidiyo a fili suna nuna yadda kifayen launuka iri-iri suke ta raɗa da juna. Kuma idan babu shinge na yanki da na gado, to tsallake kifaye babu makawa a tafkin.

Gabaɗaya, ga alama dai can wasan na Malawi sun yi bincike gabaɗaya kuma suna ci gaba da haifar da wasanin gwada ilimi da ba mu mamaki, duka biyu masu daɗi ba haka bane. Hakan yayi kyau. Don haka, son su ba zai gushe ba. Bayan duk wannan, da alama an wuce matakin ƙarshe, ƙarin sadarwa tare da kifin ya zama wasu nau'ikan al'ada. Kuma ba zato ba tsammani - sau ɗaya, kuma sabbin fuskoki suna buɗewa, suna ba da labarin gaba ɗaya, har yanzu, iyakokin ilimi da kerawa.

Halayya da Yarbuwa

Yana nufin wani rukuni na Mbuna cichlids, wanda halayyar maza masu halin mutuntaka ke fitarwa. Haka kuma, tsokanar zalunci ya ba kawai ga abokan gasa, har ma ga mata da wakilan wasu nau'in. Yana yiwuwa a rage matakin zalunci a cikin akwatin kifaye masu yawa tare da mafaka masu yawa, inda mata 3 ko fiye zasu fada akan namiji ɗaya. Wata hanyar kuma ita ce akwatin ruwa mai cike da cunkoso tare da jinsin Mbuna da yawa, idan aka ba wa kowane namiji akwai wuri a gindin da zai kare daga wasu kifayen. Yawancin kifaye shine halayyar mazaunin halitta kuma yana ba da izinin watsa fitina.

Kiwo / kiwo

Bayyanar soya mai yiwuwa ne a cikin babban akwatin kifaye. Da farkon lokacin kiwo, namiji zai zabi wurin da ya dace a kasan. Zasu iya zama kowane dutse mai lebur ko kayan ciki a cikin yashi - zai zama wuri don shakatawa na gaba. Sa'an nan fara wata mai kuzari ayat, daga abin da mata sau da yawa dole su ɓoye a cikin mafaka. Lokacin da mace ta shirya, sai ta dauki ladabi kuma ta sanya kwai dayawa a ciki, kuma bayan haduwar ta dauke su cikin bakin ta. Dukkanin lokacin shigowar zai faru a bakin matar, kuma matsewar ba zai bar mazaunin su ba har sai sun girma sosai. Wannan makamancin hanya mai kama da kariya ga zuriya shine sifofin Cichlids na Lake Malawi.

Cutar Kifi

Babban dalilin mafi yawan cututtuka a cikin cichlids na Malawi shine yanayin rashin dacewa da tsarewa da abinci mara kyau, wanda galibi yakan haifar da cutar kamar toshewa a Malawi. Idan an gano alamun farko, yakamata ku duba sigogin ruwa da kasancewar manyan abubuwan haɗari (ammoniya, nitrites, nitrates, da sauransu), idan ya cancanta, ku dawo da dukkanin alamomin a al'ada kuma kawai sai a ci gaba da magani. Don ƙarin bayani game da alamu da magani, duba sassan Cututtukan Kifi na Aquarium.