Iyalin Redstart sun haɗa da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 13, waɗanda yawancinsu suna zaune a China, a cikin ƙafafun Himalayas, a Yankin Turai, galibi shine yankin tsakiyar Siberiya, a cikin karamin yanki na Asiya.
Redstart yana nufin irin waɗannan nau'in tsuntsayen, waɗanda suke zaɓar wuraren zama ko ɗakunan daji, ko yankuna na dutse. Misali, redstart gama gariwanda sunansa na biyu shi ne datti wanda yake wakilin Turai ne. Kuma gandun daji na Siberiya har zuwa yankuna na arewacin mazauna sakeSiberiyanci.
Redstart, galibi ana kiransa lambu ko sake - tsuntsu daga dangin tashi, atungiyar yan tawaye. Ana kiranta ɗayan kyawawan tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a cikin wuraren shakatawa, lambunan, murabba'ai.
Gwargwadon jikin tsuntsu mara ƙanƙan da bai wuce 20 g ba, tsawon jikin ba tare da wutsiya 15 cm ba ne, fuka-fuki tare da cikakkiyar sanarwa ya kai cm 25. Banbancin fasalin jannati shine kyakkyawan wutsiyarsa, wanda, ba tare da ƙari ba, da alama yana "ƙonewa" a cikin rana.
A cikin hoto, sake yin hoto
Yana da wuya ba a lura da irin wannan kyakkyawa ba har ma daga nesa mai nisa, kuma wannan, duk da gaskiyar cewa girman pichuga bai fi girma ba. Gudun daga reshe zuwa reshe, jigon haske sau da yawa yana bayyana wutsiyarsa, kuma kamar dai a cikin hasken rana, yana haskakawa da harshen wuta.
Kamar sauran nau'in tsuntsayen, namiji ya zama mafi tsananin launi mai ruri. Gashin tsuntsaye suna da ja ja da haske daga baki.
Ana fentin mace a cikin sautunan launuka na launin zaitun tare da haɗarin launin toka, ɓangaren da ke ƙasa da wutsiya suna da ja. Gaskiya ne, ba dukkan jinsunan redstart akan wutsiya suna da baƙar fata ba. Wannan wata alama ce bayyananniya. redstart blackie da mu compatriot - Siberian.
Hoto mai zane mai duhu
Af, masana ilimin halitta suna kiran mafi girma daga cikin jinsunan halittar redstart. red-bellied redstart. Namiji, kamar yadda ya saba, yana da launin launi fiye da mace.
Yana da kambi da kuma gefen bango wanda yake fari, baya, wani ɓangare na ɓangaren akwati, wuyan baƙar fata, da wutsiya, ƙwanƙwasa, ciki da kuma ɓangaren juzu'i waɗanda ke saman wutsiyar ana zanen su a ja tare da taɓa tsatsa. A cikin wannan nau'in redstart, mutum zai iya yin la'akari da cikakken gamut na canza launi.
Halin hali da salon rayuwa
Kodayake tsuntsun Siberiya kwatankwacin wakilci ne na gandun daji na Taiga, amma hakan na nisanta daga dajin da babu makawa. Mafi yawancin, ana samun wannan nau'in a gefunan daji, a cikin wuraren shakatawa da lambuna, a kan sharewa, inda akwai kututture masu yawa. Kamar yadda ya saba, tsuntsun ya fi so ya zauna a cikin rami mai wucin gadi wanda yake kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Hoton Siberian Redstart
Redstart mai tsarkakewa ya cancanci sake dubawa sosai. Hannun ta na waƙa shine waƙa na maɓallin matsakaici, mai ban dariya, mai bambancin ra'ayi, wanda aka rera. Sautin yana farawa da babban 'Chil-chil - kuma' sannan kuma ya shiga cikin wani yanayi mai walƙiya-chir-chir ".
Saurari waƙar maimaitawa
Abin ban sha'awa, a cikin waƙar rairayin redstart, zaku iya kama tasoshin tsuntsaye iri iri. Misali, ingantaccen sauraren karar zai iya jin wakar mawakiyar sauti, zaryanki, yayin da wasu kuma za su lura cewa karin waƙar ya dace da waƙar titin, finch, flecatcher.
Redstart ƙaunar raira waƙa koyaushe kuma har ma da dare taiga yana cike da waƙoƙin shiru na waɗannan abubuwan halittu masu ban al'ajabi. Morearin bayani game da waƙoƙin Redstart: masanan ilimin kimiyya sun lura cewa namiji a farkon lokacin mating, bayan ƙarshen babban kide kidewa, yana buga ɗan gajeren gajere, wanda za'a iya kiran shi ƙungiyar mawaƙa.
Don haka, wannan waƙoƙin ƙaƙƙarfan salon layin sauti ne wanda yake cike da muryoyin jinsunan tsuntsaye iri daban, kuma tsoho mai cika yi, daɗin sautinsa kuma ya sami kwarewa sosai.
Redstart Abinci
Abincin da aka sake amfani da shi ya dogara da mazaunin mazauni. Yawanci yana ciyar da kwari. Ba ta raina kowace irin kwari, sai ta ɗauke su a ƙasa, ta cire daga rassan, tana neman ganyayen da ke ƙasa.
Tare da farko na kaka, abincin redstart ya zama cikakke, kuma zasu iya iya ciji gandun daji ko berries, kamar su dutse na gama gari, viburnum, currant, elderberry, aronia da sauransu.
Lokacin da abincin ya ƙare, wanda mafi yawan lokuta yakan faru ne a tsakiyar kaka, maɓallin redstart suna taruwa don hunturu a wurare masu dumama, galibi a cikin ƙasashen da ke fama da zafi a Afirka. Ana tafiyar jirgin saman wannan nau'in tsuntsaye da dare.
Redstart ya koma wuraren asarsu tun ma kafin a buɗe furannin. Da zaran tsuntsayen sun isa wuraren farauta, nan da nan sai namiji ya fara neman ƙasa daga wurin. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, an tsara mazaunan tsuntsaye a cikin manya-manyan yanayi na halitta ko na mutun.
Woodpecker hollows sune mafi dacewa wurin yin farauta, amma kututture itacen, wanda yake da wani ɓoyayyiyar ɗan adam kusa da ƙasa kanta, ya dace sosai. Kayan gidan gona ba sa jin tsoron daidaitawa kusa da mutum, don haka ana iya samun makasantan su a cikin ɗakuna, a bayan tagogin taga da sauran wuraren ɓoye a cikin ginin mutane inda suke zaune.
Namiji, kafin zuwan mace, yana tsare sosai wurin da ya samo kuma yakan kori baƙi da ba a nema ba daga wurin sa.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
An sake yin wani abu mai ban sha'awa na al'ada ta hanyar redstart a lokacin ladabi. Namiji da mace suna zaune gefe da gefe a kan reshe, yayin da yaron da yake da yake gashinsa ya shimfiɗa a cikin sabon yanayi a gare shi a cikin shugaban da zaɓaɓɓen, a wannan lokacin yana jan fikafikan sa sama sama yana yin sautin ƙaƙƙarfan magana, abin tunawa da wani ƙaramin abu.
Idan mace ta sake shi, za su fantsama lokaci guda daga reshen su tashi, kasancewar masu aure. Amma idan mace, alal misali, ba ta son wurin da aka zaɓa don gida, sai ta bar Romeo, cikin ƙauna, ba tare da wani bata lokaci ba.
A cikin hoto, gidan sakewa a cikin m
Mace da kanta tayi gida, kuma wannan yana ɗaukar mako guda a cikin lokaci. Duk wannan lokacin, jan wasan kwaikwayon na jan mutumin da ke aiki, ko kuma, kayan kiwo cikin gida. Kayan zai iya zama dansandan farin ulu, ulu da gashi na gida da na namomin jeji, mayaƙan zaren, igiya, tawul, wanda aka cakuda a gida da sauran rakuman da za'a iya samo su kusa.
Kwancen jan redstart ya ƙunshi qwai 6, ƙasa da 7-8 daga cikinsu. Redstart qwaian rufe shi da kwalin shuɗi. Zamanin masonry yana makonni biyu.
A farkon kwanakin, mace ta ba da damar barin gida don cin abinci, sannan kuma, ta dawo wurin da take, a hankali tana birgima ƙwai don a kula da dumama a ko'ina.
Abin sha'awa shine, idan mahaifiyar mai son bata fiye da rubu'in sa'a guda ba, to mahaifin da yake kula zai ɗauki wuri a mason ɗin ya zauna a can har sai matar ta dawo.
A cikin hoto, karen mai redstart
Girma na matasa ya bayyana a ƙarshen bazara ko a farkon lokacin bazara. Kayan Redstart an haife shi makaho da kurma, wanda ba haɓo bane, saboda a yawancin jinsunan tsuntsaye, an haifi kajin ta wannan tsari.
Duk iyayen sun ciyar da zuriya. Koyaya, kwanakin farko na farko mace ba ta tashi daga gida, domin kajin ba su daskarewa ba, kuma mahaifin dangi ya sami abinci, yana ciyar da mace da kajin.
Yawancin lokaci namiji yana da yawan rikicewa, a wannan yanayin yana kula da iyali ɗaya da wani, amma a hanyoyi daban-daban. Ya tashi cikin gida sau da yawa, sauran yan uwa suna ganinshi ba sau da yawa.
Girma ya fara samun karfi, kajin bayan rabin wata, basu sami damar tashi ba, fara sannu a hankali suke fita daga gida mai dumin. Wani sati, iyaye suna ciyar da 'ya'yansu, waɗanda a wancan lokacin ba su yi nisa da gida ba. Mako guda baya, kajin sun sami ƙarfin hali kuma suka fara tashi, bayan haka a shirye suke suyi zaman kansu.
Matan da suka yi aure, bayan sun saki firsta firstan farko, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, sun ci gaba da kwanciya ta gaba kuma komai yana maimaitawa. Matsakaicin rayuwar da aka fi sani da redstart a cikin daji ba ta wuce shekaru 10; a gida, tare da kyakkyawan kulawa, sun sami damar rayuwa kaɗan.
Bayanin da fasali
Girman tsuntsu daidai yake da girman masassarar tsuntsaye, 10 cm cm 10. massididdigar mutum daidai yake da 18-20 g. Fuka-fukan fuka-fukan tsuntsu ya kai cm 25. Kafafu suna da bakin ciki, mai tsayi. Ba za a iya yin watsi da karamin tsuntsu ba saboda launuka mai haske na ciki da gashin gashin jela. Launi mai launin ruwan wuta mai ban tsoro ya ba da suna. Redstart a cikin hoto yana nuna cewa ba zai iya rikita shi tare da kowa ba. Shugaban, baya na inuwa mai launin toka. Cheeks, baƙar fata. Matar tana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, tare da alamu mai ja - mara ƙima fiye da namiji. A cikin matasa mutane, plumage launin toka tare da ocher aibobi. Ta hanyar kaka, launin duk tsuntsayen ke faduwa, ya zama muffled. Tsuntsu yana da katako mai fadi, dan kadan yana da tsawo. An daidaita ta sosai don kama ganima.
Wani fasali na motsi na sake fasalin juyawa shine sauyawa sauron wutsiya mara kyau. Tsuntsaye masu ƙaura suna tafiya zuwa cikin koina a tsakiyar Afirka a farkon kaka. Koyaushe tashi daga dare a cikin Satumba - farkon Oktoba. A cikin bazara, a watan Maris - Afrilu, sai su koma wuraren zaman su. Yunkurin kiyaye tsuntsayen cikin keji yana da nasara tare da kyakkyawan kulawa. Amma mafi ma'ana a sake yin aiki ga mutum na dogon lokaci, a cikin bauta yakan rera kadan. A farko, an ɗaure fikafikan tsuntsayen, in ba haka ba sun doke keji kuma suka mutu.
Ina suke zama
A cikin Turai, redstart yana zaune a cikin gandun daji gauraye masu haske, kuma a cikin Afirka da Asiya oraramin ma yana zaune da gandun daji. Tana barin wuraren da dutse da duwatsu kusa da makiyaya na dutse ga dangin da ke kusa da ita - wurin sake daukar hoto.
A wasu lambuna, dukkan nau'ikan waɗannan tsuntsaye biyu suna rayuwa tare. Daga cikin wuraren da aka fi so a wurin zama na redstart akwai tsoffin wuraren shakatawa da wuraren shakatawa, inda akwai tsoffin bishiyoyi mara yawa. A Berlin, redstart wuraren shakatawa na birni, lambuna, da hurumi. A yau, alƙalumman birni na Redstart na da yawa a cikin gandun daji na birni. A karshen watan Agusta, jahar kano ta fara shirin tashi don saukar da Afirka. Ana yin hunturu a yankin Saharar Afrika.
Redstart: tsuntsu mai kyau wutsiya mai haske
Redstart wani tsuntsu ne wanda ba a saba gani ba da kyan gani na ƙananan girma, wanda ke cikin tsarin Passeriformes. Ba kowane nau'in wannan tsuntsu ke samu ba a cikin Rasha; yawancin abin da ake kira masu tallafin kuɗi ba sa tashi cikin ƙasashenmu.
Mafi yawan akai-akai da aka ambata da tattauna tsuntsaye na wannan nau'in za a iya la'akari da kullun redstart (coot, lambu), chernushka da Siberian redstart.
Tsawon jikinta duka ya kai kusan 15 cm, kuma fikafin nisansa ya kai cm 24 24. Tsuntsu ya kai giram 20-25.
Ina ne redstart yake zaune
Kuna iya saduwa da wannan tsuntsu a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, amma yawancinsu suna zaune ne a Yankin Kudu maso Gabas na Asiya, kusan dukkanin yankin Turai, a China, Indiya, da Rasha.
Yawancin lokaci suna sake zama a waɗannan sassan inda akwai shimfidar wuri mai faɗi, duk da haka, su ma suna zaune cikin gandun daji, musamman ma a cikin gandun daji. Talakawan daji da aka wadatar da su da keɓaɓɓun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kuma suna dacewa sosai don sulhunan waɗannan tsuntsayen.
A cikin yankinmu, ana iya samun redstart na lambun a cikin wuraren shakatawa, lambuna, lambunan kayan lambu: babban abinda ke faruwa shine cewa akwai bishiyoyi masu dumbin yawa da ke girma.
A lokacin hunturu, redstart tashi zuwa kudancin sassa na tsibirin larabawa da kuma Afirka.
Akwai nau'ikan waɗannan nau'ikan tsuntsayen. Bambanci tsakanin duk wata hanyar waɗannan tsuntsayen daga wasu ita ce launi farar fatar asali, wacce take da haske da kyan gani fiye da sauran tsuntsayen.
Redstart yana da wutsiya ja mai haske, sauran raguna gashin fentin baki ne, fararen fata da launin toka. An yi imanin cewa launin mace yana da haske sosai fiye da ɗumbin mace.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin hunturu, tukwicin namiji na gashin tsuntsu ya zama ɗan ƙara haske. Redstart tsuntsaye ne masu aiki: basa zaune har yanzu, amma suna tashi kullun, suna haifar da yawan amo.
Abokan halitta
Daga cikin magabtan halitta na redstart, tsuntsayen da ke cin abincin sun mamaye wani wuri na musamman, dare da rana. Har ila yau, mai haɗari ga wannan nau'in sune tsintsiya, magpies, da sauran tsuntsayen masarufi waɗanda ke zaune a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda suka san yadda ake hawa bishiyoyi, musamman, na gidan Marten ne, kuma suna iya farautar redstart kuma ku ci duka manya da ƙananan dabbobi da ƙwai. Babban hatsari ga wannan nau'in, har ma da dukkan tsuntsayen da ke zaune akan bishiyoyi, macizai ne ke wakilta, wanda galibi kan sami mazaje na sake jan abinci da cin ƙwai, kajin, wani lokacin tsuntsayen manya, idan an kama basu sani ba.
Muryar tsuntsu
Wani fasalin tsuntsu, ban da ainihin launinsa na rigarwar fuka fuka-fukai, shine mawaƙa ta musamman na sake fasalin, wanda za a iya raba shi zuwa bangarori da yawa masu nasara: ɓangaren gabatarwa, ƙarshen ƙarewa da ɓangaren ƙarshe na abun da aka gama.
Bayan lura da doki na wani dan lokaci, wani mahalukin talakawa zai iya lura da cewa wannan nau'in tsuntsayen yayin aiwatar da waƙoƙin su sau da yawa yana kwaikwayon sautowar wasu tsuntsaye.
Red Redartart na yau da kullun suna raira waƙa tsawon lokaci, yayin ɗaukar hutu don hutawa na dare, tsawon lokacin wanda a zahiri sa'o'i da yawa. A fitowar rana, ƙananan tsuntsaye sukan farka kuma nan da nan su fara rera waƙoƙin karin waƙoƙin ban mamaki. A hakika, wannan tsuntsu ya sami sunan ta saboda yanayinsa mai ban sha'awa - fuka-fukan tsuntsaye masu haske a cikin hasken rana.
Bayyanar
Redstart tsuntsu ne wanda baya wuce girman sparrow. Tsawon jikinta ba ya wuce 10-15 cm, kuma nauyi - 20 grams. Fuka-fukin wannan tsuntsu ya kai kimanin cm 25 A cikin tsarin sa, redstart shima yayi kama da na talakawa, amma ya fi kyau da haske. Ba ta da girma da yawa a cikin nau'in yanayin motsi mai ɗanɗano tare da ƙarshen kunkuntar, gwargwado ga ɗan ƙaramin kai tare da baki mai kama da passerine, amma ɗan ƙarami da elongated da na bakin ciki.
Idanun suna duhu da haske, kamar beads. Fuka-fukan suna da gajeru, amma suna da ƙarfi. Wutsiyar cikin jirgin yayi kama da fan da aka buɗe rabin, kuma lokacin da tsuntsu yake zaune a reshe ko a ƙasa, wutsiyar sa shima yayi kama da mai son fanko, amma tuni ya zare.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! A wasu nau'in nau'in redstart, galibi suna zaune a Asiya, famfo daga sama bata da launin toka, amma mai haske ko launin shuɗi, wanda ke haifar da babban bambanci tsakanin sautin sanyi na launi na baya da kuma ruwan zaki mai ƙanshi na ciki na tsuntsu da wutsiya mai launin ja.
Kafafu na sakewa na bakin ciki ne, na bakin duhu ko inuwa mai duhu, kusoshi ƙanƙane amma ba su da fa'ida: godiya gare su, ana saurin sa tsuntsu a reshe.
Halayya, salon rayuwa
Redstart na yau da kullun yana nufin nau'in tsuntsaye masu ƙaura: yana ciyar da bazara a Eurasia, kuma yana tashi zuwa Afirka ko orasashen Larabawa don lokacin hunturu. Yawancin lokaci, ƙaura kaka na wannan nau'in, dangane da ɓangaren kewayon inda waɗannan tsuntsaye ke zaune, yana farawa a ƙarshen bazara ko a farkon rabin kaka kuma yana faɗowa a tsakiyar watan Agusta - farkon Oktoba. Redstart ya dawo ƙasarsu a watan Afrilu, kuma maza sunzo kwanaki da yawa fiye da na mata.
Wadannan tsuntsaye masu haske suna da yawa a cikin rami na bishiyoyi, amma idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, suna gina shinge a cikin wasu wuraren mafaka na halitta: a cikin manyan kogunan fashewar abubuwa na kututture ko kututture, kazalika a cokali mai yatsa a cikin rassan itace.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Redstart bashi da fifiko don tsinkayen gida: waɗannan tsuntsayen zasu iya gina shi duka a matakin ƙasa kuma babba a kan akwati ko a cikin rassan itace.
Mafi sau da yawa, mace ɗaya tana cikin aikin ginin gida: ta kera ta daga kayan abubuwa daban-daban, daga cikinsu akwai haushi itace, busasshen mai tsire-tsire, ciyawar, zarra, gwal, allura da gashin fuka-fukan.
Redstart sanannu ne ga waƙoƙinsu, wanda ya dogara da nau'ikan abubuwa da yawa, masu kama da sautin da wasu nau'in tsuntsayen ke yi, irin su finch, starling, flycatcher.
Dimorphism na jima'i
Nunin jima'i a cikin wannan nau'in an ambata: maza sun bambanta sosai da mace a launi. A zahirin gaskiya, yana da kyau godiya ga maza tare da canza launinsu launin ja da launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi da tsuntsayen suka sami sunan ta, tunda mata masu fasalin zane suna da zane sosai: a cikin inuwar launin shuɗi daban-daban na haske da ƙarfi. Kawai a cikin wasu nau'in wannan dabi'ar mata suna da launuka iri ɗaya masu kyau kamar na maza.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Mace ba za su iya yin alfahari da irin wannan launi mai haske: a saman suna da launin ruwan kasa-launin shuɗi, amma kawai hancinsu da wutsiyarsu sun yi haske, mai ruwan-hoda.
Don haka, a cikin aikin sakewa na maza, na baya da kai suna da inuwa mai launin shuɗi, an fentin ciki cikin inuwa mai haske-ja, wutsiyar kuma tana cikin tsananin haske, mai haske mai haske, wanda daga nesa yana kama da wuta kamar harshen wuta. An kawata goshin tsuntsu da wani farin tabo mai kyau, kuma makogwaro da wuya a bangarorin baki ne. Godiya ga wannan launuka masu bambanta launuka, Redstart na maza an lura dashi nesa, duk da cewa waɗannan tsuntsayen ba manya bane.
Redstart nau'in
A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan nau'in redstart 14:
- Alashan Redstart
- Redback Redstart
- Redstart mai launin toka-da-kai
- Blackstart redstart
- Redstart na gama gari
- Field redstart
- Redstart mai launin fari
- Siberian Redstart
- White-browed Redstart
- Redstart mai kararrawa
- Redstart mai fuska
- Grey Redstart
- Luzon Water Redstart
- White-capped Redstart
Baya ga nau'ikan da aka lissafa a sama, yanzu akwai wani nau'in redstart mai rushewa, wanda ya rayu akan yankin Hungary na zamani a zamanin Pliocene.
Habitat, mazauni
Yankin redstart yana shimfida ko'ina cikin Turai kuma, musamman, Rasha. Yana farawa daga Burtaniya ta girma har zuwa Transbaikalia da Yakutia. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune ne a Asiya - galibi a China da kuma a cikin guraren Himalayas. Wasu nau'in redstart kuma suna zaune a kudu - har zuwa Indiya da Filipinas, kuma ana samun nau'ikan da yawa ko da a Afirka.
Mafi yawan redstart sun fi son su sauka a yankin dajin, ko dai yanayin iska mai tsayi ne ko gumi mai dausayi: talakawa da tsaunika. Amma matsanancin ciyayi, waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa son su da kuma nisantar da su. Mafi sau da yawa, ana iya samun redstart a gefuna na gandun daji, a cikin gidajen lambuna da wuraren shakatawa, kazalika da faɗuwar daji, inda akwai kututture da yawa. A can ne waɗannan ƙananan tsuntsaye suka fi so su zauna: bayan duk, a irin waɗannan wurare ba wuya a sami mafaka ta zahiri ba yayin da ake fuskantar haɗari, da kuma kayan gini.
Abincin Redstart
Redstart galibin tsuntsayen kwari ne. Amma a cikin bazara, sau da yawa ta ci abinci na shuka: nau'ikan daji iri daban-daban ko berries na lambu, kamar talakawa ko aronia, currants, elderberries.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Redstart ba ya ƙin ɗaukar kwari kuma a lokacin bazara yana lalata tarin kwari da yawa, kamar gwoza mai narkewa, gwoza ganye, gero, ƙwayaye da sauro, sauro da kwari. Koyaya, irin waɗannan kwari masu amfani kamar, alal misali, gizo-gizo ko tururuwa na iya zama wanda aka cutar da wannan tsuntsu.
Koyaya, redstart yana kawo fa'idodi masu yawa, yana lalata yawancin lambun da kwari kwari. A zaman talala, wadannan tsuntsayen ana ciyar da duka kwari masu rai da abinci na musamman.
Kiwo da zuriya
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, maza za su dawo daga hunturu 'yan kwanaki a baya fiye da mace kuma nan da nan za su fara neman wurin gina gida. Don yin wannan, sun sami rami mai dacewa, tukunyar itace a jikin akwati, ko ma kawai tarin bishiyoyin da suka faɗi a ƙasa. Tsuntsu ba ya barin wurin da ya fi so kuma baya barin masu kishiyarta da shi na iya dauke shi.
Bayan isowar mace, farawar farillai yana farawa. Bayan haka, idan namiji da wurin da ya zaɓa sun gamsu da wanda aka zaɓa, sai ta gina gida inda ta sanya ƙwanƙwasa ƙwaya biyar zuwa tara a ciki. A matsakaici, Redstart yana ciyar da kimanin kwanaki 7-8 don gina gida, tunda ya dace sosai ga wannan kasuwancin.
Matan suna incubates dage farawa qwai don 14 kwanaki. Haka kuma, a cikin kwanakin farko ta bar gida don wani ɗan gajeren lokaci don neman abinci, kuma idan ta dawo, sai ta juye ƙwai don kada suyi kwanciya a gefe ɗaya, saboda wannan yana rikitar da cigaban kajin. Idan mace bata nan fiye da rubu'in sa'a, to namiji ma da kansa zai ɗauki matsayin ta har sai ta dawo.
Idan qwai da tsuntsayen ko kajin ba suka mutu ba saboda wasu dalilai, to sai a sake yin wani nau'i na yin kama. Redstarts sun bayyana cikakke marasa taimako: tsirara, makafi da kurma. Makonni biyu kenan, iyaye suna ciyar da zuriyarsu. Suna kawo insectsan ƙaramin kwari a kajin, kamar su kwari, gizo-gizo, sauro, caterpillars da ƙananan kwari tare da murfin chitinous ba mai tsauri ba.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Da farko, har kajin sun kumbura, mace ba ta barin gida, kamar yadda ba za su iya daskarewa ba. A wannan lokacin, namiji yakan kawo abinci ba wai don kawai ba, har ma da mata.
Idan akwai haɗari, tsuntsaye manya sun fara tashi daga wannan reshe zuwa wani, suna ba da babbar murya, masu saurin kuka kuma, game da hakan, suna ƙoƙarin fitar da maharbin ko kuma karkatar da hankalinsu ga kansu. Makonni biyu bayan haihuwar su, kajin, wanda har yanzu ba zai iya tashi ba, ya fara barin gida, amma ba su yi nisa da shi ba. Iyaye wani sati, har sai sun yi tashin farko, ana ciyar da su. Kuma bayan ƙaramin wasan kwaikwayo sun koyi tashi, daga ƙarshe suka sami 'yanci. A bayyane yake, redstart ya isa samartaka har zuwa ƙarshen farkon shekararsa na rayuwa.
Tsuntsayen manya, bayan kajin sun bar mazauninsu na asali, suna yin kwanciya na biyu, saboda haka, a lokacin lokacin dumin yanayi, mahimmin jan dajin shine ya zama ba daya bane, amma biyu ne. A lokaci guda, suna yin kwanciya ta ƙarshe don wannan bazara a ƙarshen Yuli, saboda duk kawunansu su samu lokacin yin muya da koyan tashi da kyau lokacin da zasu tafi hunturu. Abinda yafi kayatarwa, wadannan tsuntsayen bawai sunada wata mace daya ba, kuma haka ma, namiji zai iya “kiyaye alakantuwa” tare da mata biyu ko fiye da haka. A lokaci guda, yana kulawa da duk tsarancin sa, amma ta hanyoyi daban-daban: yana ziyartar gida ɗaya sau da yawa fiye da wasu kuma yana ciyar da lokaci a can fiye da sauran.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Redstart na yau da kullun yana nufin jinsunan da ke tartsatsi, jin daɗin rayuwa wanda ba a barazanar shi ba, kuma an ba shi matsayin: "Matsalar Damuwa". Tare da wasu nau'in wannan nau'in halittar, ba duk abin da ke da nasara, saboda, alal misali, ruwan janzon Luzon yana da iyaka kuma kewayonsa yana da iyaka zuwa ƙaramin yanki, wanda duk wani canjin yanayi ko ayyukan tattalin arziƙin mutum zai iya zama mai rauni ga waɗannan tsuntsayen.
Matsayi na sauran nau'in
- Alashan Redstart: "Kusa da Matsi."
- Redst goyon baya-Redstart: Least damu.
- Redstart mai launin toka: Least damu.
- Blackstart Redstart: Babban damuwa.
- Field Redstart: M damuwa.
- Whitest nest Redstart: Babban damuwa.
- Red Siberian Redstart: "Ya damu sosai."
- White-browed Redstart: Babban damuwa.
- Red-bellied Redstart: Babban damuwa.
- Redstart mai fuska: "Mai Damuwa ne Mai Sauna."
- Red-eyed Redstart: "Mai Damuwa ne."
- Luzon Water Redstart: "Suna cikin wuri mai rauni."
- White-capped Redstart: "Mai Damuwa ne."
Kamar yadda kake gani, yawancin nau'in redstart suna da yawa kuma suna da wadata, duk da cewa akwai bambancin yanayi a yawan adadin jama'a. Koyaya, duk da wannan, a wasu yankuna na kewayon waɗannan tsuntsaye na iya ƙanƙanana, kamar, misali, a cikin Ireland, inda redstart ke da ɗanɗano kuma mafi kusa daga kowace shekara.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! A kasashe da dama, ana daukar matakai don adana adadin wadannan tsuntsayen, alal misali, a Faransa an haramtawa kisan wadannan tsuntsayen, da lalata abubuwanda suke yi da kuma lalata gidajensu. Hakanan a cikin wannan kasar an haramta sayar da kayan juyawa ko kuma wasu sassan jikinsu, da kuma tsuntsayen rayuwa.
Redstart ƙaramin tsuntsu ne mai girman tsuntsayen tare da mai walƙiya mai haske, mai banbanta, wanda ya haɗu da duka inuwar sanyi biyu mai launin fari ko launin shuɗi, da sautunan launin toka a hade tare da jan wuta mai zafi ko ma m. Yayi tartsatsi a cikin Harshen Arewa, inda yake zaune gandun daji, lambuna, da wuraren shakatawa. Wannan tsuntsu, da yafi cin kwari, yana da fa'idodi mai yawa, yana lalata gandun daji da kwari.
Redstart ana kiyaye su sau da yawa a cikin zaman talala, saboda sun saba da rayuwa a cikin keji kuma zasu iya zama a wurin na wasu shekaru. Gaskiya ne, mafi sauƙin jan wakar ba a waka a zaman bauta. Amma a cikin yanayin halitta, ana iya jin sautunan ringi a cikin duhu ko da a cikin duhu, alal misali, kafin wayewar gari ko bayan faɗuwar rana.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Bayanin na farko na redstart wanda dan asalin Sweden ne C. Linney ya yi a 1758 a cikin littafin Systema Naturae a ƙarƙashin sunan nan na Motacilla phoenicurus. Bature masanin ilimin dabi’ar halitta dan turanci Tomos Forster ya kirkiro sunan halittar Phoenicurus a shekara ta 1817. Halin halittar mutum da sunan nau'ikan Phoenicurus ya fito ne daga tsoffin kalmomin Girkanci biyu na Phoinix “ja” da -ouros - “tailed”.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Redstart sune wakilan gidan Muscicapidae, waɗanda ke daidai da asalin ilimin kimiyya sun nuna shi, wanda aka haife shi sakamakon haɗar da kalmar nan Latin biyu "musca" = tashi da "capere" = kama.
Mafi kusancin dangin asali na redstart na kowa shine farin-browed redstart, dukda cewa zabin halittar yana ba wasu rashin tabbas game da wannan. Wataƙila kakanninta su ne za su fara buɗewa Turai. An yi imanin cewa sun ƙaurace wa rukunin baƙar fata kamar shekaru miliyan 3 da suka gabata a ƙarshen Pliocene.
Bidiyo: Redstart
A halin yanzu dai, jan fata na yau da kullun baki harma suna da jituwa kuma suna iya samar da wadatattun halittun da zasu iya zama lafiya kuma mai mahimmanci. Koyaya, wadannan rukuni biyu na tsuntsaye sun rabu da halaye daban-daban da bukatun muhalli, saboda haka ba a cika ganin irin waɗannan halittu masu rarrafe ba. Redstart ya zama tsuntsu na shekara a Rasha a cikin 2015.
Rayuwa & Habitat
Yankin jannati mafi yawa, yana ratsa yankin Arewacin Yammacin Afirka, Asiya da Turai. Tsuntsayen da ke cinye tsuntsaye suna ciyarwa a kudu ta kewayon, kuma da zuwan bazara sai su koma Turai. Zuwan tsuntsaye ya dogara da dumamar yanayi da kuma bayyanar da wadataccen abinci - tarin kwari a cikin lambuna, wuraren shakatawa, da kuma gandun daji.
Redstart ya guji wurare masu tsallakewa, bayyanar su a cikin gandun daji-steppe bashi yiwuwa. Wuraren da suka fi so sune wuraren shakatawa na tsohuwar bishiyoyi masu kwari Yawan tsuntsayen birni yana da yawa fiye da yawan gandun daji.
Redstart ya fi son zama ɗaya, saboda haka ana kiyaye tsuntsaye daban da juna. Ana kirkiro kungiyoyi ne kawai idan tara abinci a wuri daya. Kowane redstart ya mamaye kowane shafi.
Har sai watan Yuli zaku iya jin wakokin su na so, musamman da daddare. Youngan samari mawaƙa sun fi waɗansu. Waƙoƙinsu ya kusan kusan agogo. Daga baya sai tsuntsaye suka yi laushi. A ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta, jajal ɗin yana da yanayin molt. Da shigowar kaka, tsuntsayen suka tashi zuwa hunturu a yankuna na kudanci - kasashen Afirka, a gabar larabawa.
Abubuwan lura da abubuwan alatu masu nuna launin fata suna nuna cewa suna son yin gida a cikin lambuna a cikin gidaje na musamman da aka shirya akan bishiyoyi masu tsayi. Maza sun fara zuwa wurin zama don nuna wa matan da suka isa wurin shirye-shiryen saduwa.
Wutsiyoyi masu haske, kamar na bera, suna haɗa hanyar biyu zuwa wurin da ake farautowa. Wannan jan hankalin tsuntsaye ta wurin 'yan lambu na da fa'idodi mai yawa. An kiyaye amfanin gona mai zuwa daga kwari: kwari, sauro, ciyawa. Kusan kusanci ga dan Adam baya damun tsuntsaye.
Amfani da Redstart ga mutane
Wannan tsuntsu yana da amfani sosai ga aikin lambu da tsiro, kamar yadda tsuntsu baya cin ciyawar kore, kamar sauran nau'ikan tsuntsaye .. Mutane suna farin ciki lokacin da wannan tsuntsu ta zauna kusa da gidansu lokacin bazara ko kuma lambun, saboda tana lalata kwari da zasu iya cutar da bayyanar ingantaccen girbi (waɗannan sun haɗa da kwari, gwoza, sauro da kwari da ke cin ganye).
Ara aku
Sunan Latin: | Phoenicurus |
Sunan Turanci: | Redstart |
Masarauta: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Class: | Tsuntsaye |
Kamewa: | Takardar Bayar |
Iyali: | Flycatcher |
Kyau: | Redstart |
Tsayin jiki: | 10-15 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | 8 cm |
Wingspan: | 25 cm |
Weight: | 25 g |
Ina ne redstart yake zaune?
Hoto: Redstart a Rasha
Rarraba wannan nau'in Palearctic yamma da tsakiyar yana cikin yankin Eurasia mai tsafta, gami da filayen kwari, Bahar Rum da kuma sassan yankin. A cikin sassan kudancin yankin yana da iyaka da tsaunuka. A arewacin kasar Iberian Peninsula, sake fasalin jaha bai zama ruwan dare ba, galibi a kudanci da kuma yammacin shi. Akwai maganganun da aka watsar dasu na wannan tsuntsayen a arewacin Afirka.
A cikin Tsibirin Biritaniya, wannan yana faruwa a nesa da gabashin Ireland kuma ba ya nan a tsibirin Scottish. A wajen gabas, iyakarsu ta kai har Siberia zuwa tafkin Baikal. Ana iya samun wasu popuan ƙananan mutane ko da gabashin sa. A arewa, kewayon ya kara daga Scandinavia zuwa 71 ° arewa maso gabas, ya hada Kola Peninsula, sannan gabas zuwa Yenisei a Rasha. a Italiya, nau'in ba ya cikin Sardinia da Corsica. Yawancin 'yan gudun hijirar sun bazu sosai a yankin ruwan Balkan kuma ya isa arewacin Girka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Redstart yana da nasa raƙayi a kudanci da arewacin Tekun Bahar Maliya da kuma a kudu maso yammacin Caucasus da kimanin 50 ° N Ta hanyar Kazakhstan zuwa Dutsen Saur kuma ta gaba zuwa gabashin Mongolian Altai. Bugu da kari, rarraba yaduwar daga Crimea da gabashin Turkiya zuwa Caucasus da tsarin dutsen Kopetdag da arewa maso gabashin Iran zuwa Pamirs, a kudu zuwa tsaunukan Zagros. Kananan alkalumma ke zaune a Siriya.
Redstart na yau da kullun sun fi son buɗewar gandun daji na fure tare da birches da itacen oak, daga inda kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da yankin tare da ƙananan adadin tsirrai da gandun daji na buɗewa, musamman inda itatuwan suka tsufa don samun ramuyun da suka dace da ciyawa. Sun fi son a gida a gefen gandun daji.
A cikin Turai, ya hada da wuraren shakatawa da tsoffin lambuna a cikin birane. Suna zaune a cikin ɗakunan ajiyar halitta na bishiyoyi, don haka matattun bishiyoyi ko waɗanda suka bushe rassan suna da amfani ga wannan nau'in. Yawancin lokaci sukanyi amfani da tsoffin gandun daji na bude coniferous, musamman a arewacin ɓangaren kiwo.
Menene kamarsa
Redstart ana iya gane shi cikin sauƙi, shi karamin tsuntsu mai dauke da wutsiya ja. Wani fasali mai kyau na redstart shine launi na wutsiya da ciki, suna da wadatar ja, baya yana launin toka. Duk da wannan, matan sun fi launin ruwan kasa launi. Yayin tafiyar daga reshe zuwa reshe, alamar jan aiki tana jujjuya wutsiyarta, da alama tana haskaka wuta mai haske a rana, sannan zata daskare. An sake kiranta redstart ne saboda cikakken launi na wutsiya, da alama tana '' wuta '(wutsiyar tana konewa).
Daga cikin maimaitawa, akwai wasu nau'ikan daban daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da launin sakewa na launin toka (na gama gari), redstarted redstart, Siberian redstart, redstart redstart, redstarted coot, redstart coot. A lokaci guda, duk sun bambanta a cikin siririn siriri, beak mai kama da ƙarami tare da ƙarami a ƙarshen, dogo da kafafu.
Menene jan redartart ke ci?
Hoto: Redstart na mata
Redstart yana neman abinci galibi a ƙasa, a cikin ƙananan ƙananan tsirrai da ciyawa. Idan a cikin babban Layer na wani daji ko bishiya akwai isasshen adadin kwari mai yawa, tsuntsu lalle ma ya ci su. Abincin da aka fi sani da redstart ya ƙunshi ƙananan dabbobin da ba su da kyau, amma abincin shuka, musamman berries, suma suna taka rawa. Yankin ganima ya bambanta, ya haɗa da fiye da iyalai 50 na kwari, da yawa arachnids da sauran mazaunan ƙasa masu yawa.
Abincin Redstart ya hada da:
Berries da sauran 'ya'yan itace wasu lokuta sukan ciyar da kajin, sannan kuma bayan lokacin kiwo na manya - dabbobin sun girma. Ba'a amfani da kwari masu kariya kamar ƙudan zuma da wasikun a rubuce. Girman samarwa ya kai daga milimita biyu zuwa takwas. An watsar da ganima kafin ciyarwa. Redstart galibi suna tsammanin ganima ta bayyana, suna ɓoye cikin wurare masu tsada kamar duwatsu, dogaye ko rufin gidaje, gandun daji masu tsalle ko bishiyoyi.
Nisa zuwa samarwa yawanci yakai mita biyu zuwa uku, amma yana iya wuce mita goma. A matsayin madadin farautar farauta, kungiyar jan kafa tana neman abinci kai tsaye a kasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Don yin wannan, tana da kyawawan halaye na daidaita da yatsun yatsun ciki na ciki da na waje daidai. Mafi yawan lokuta tana motsawa, bouncing. Don haka, jajal ɗin yana nuna babban sauƙin sassauci a zaɓa da kamun kifin.
Blackstart redstart
Blackstart redstart ko blackstarted redstart mafi yawa ana samun sa a Turai da Tsakiyar Asiya. Ta kasa da gizo-gizo kuma tana nauyin gram 14-19. Namiji yana da babba a jikinsa mai duhu launin toka, goshi, amarya, kunci, wuya da goiter baki ne, wutsiyar tana zane a launi mai launin shuɗi-mai haske tare da ɗigon baki. A lokaci guda, mace tana da fararen launin toka-mai launin shuɗi, ban da jan kyallen da hasken alkyabba mai haske.
Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a shimfidar wuraren dutse:
- dutse mai arziki
- a kan duwatsun dutse
- a kan gangara tare da sako-sako da pebbles
Hakanan ana samun su a ƙauyuka, inda galibi galibi suna cikin masana'antu da bangarorin gini, buɗe wuraren da keɓaɓɓun gine-gine kamar bututun masana'anta ko kuma majami'u. Blackstarted Redstarts an ajiye su shi kaɗai kuma a cikin nau'i-nau'i.
A cikin Ukraine, ana daukar redstart redstart a matsayin wani farauta, nau'in tsuntsayen ƙaura wanda ke faruwa a duk ƙasar.
Waƙar tana da kyau sosai kuma tana da haushi da abubuwa masu kiba, kamar murhun wuta. A farkon, ana jin ɗan gajeren kayan masarufi, ƙarar abin da sannu a hankali yana ƙaruwa, kuma bayan wannan an samar da babban tsaran tsaran tsage. A cikin sake kunna Blackstart, ana iya maimaita karin waƙoƙi sau da yawa a jere.
Menene wannan tsuntsu ke ci
Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna ciyar da kwari da kwari: kwari, caterpillars, sauro, pupae na malam buɗe ido, da gizo-gizo da ƙananan katantanwa kuma ana iya danganta su da abincinsu. Wannan bawai yana nufin cewa wadannan kananan tsuntsayen suna cin kwari bane kawai, suna mamaye shi da babban jin dadi iri iri iri na kananan bishiyoyi da suka girma akan bishiyoyi da shishiyoyi.
Hanyar samun da cin abinci yana da ban sha'awa sosai, jan jan baya cin kwari: nan da nan, tsuntsu ya kama ganima, sa’annan ya ɗauke shi zuwa inda babu hadari. Babban irin ƙwaro shine ya fara bugunsa da bakinsa, ko kuma aka saka shi musamman akan doguwar ƙasa don nuna ɗanɗano. Ga ƙananan ciyayi ko kwari, za a sake yin gyara a ƙafafunsa.
Kafin a kawo ganima don ciyar da kawunansu, sai a sake jan baki a yanka a yanka a sara a kwari, sai a wannan kawai sai a tura wannan “puree” a bakin kogon 'ya'yansu.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Maimaita Red
Redstart yakan zama akan ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi ko ƙananan ciyayi kuma yana yin motsi mai ban tsoro mai ban tsoro. Don neman abinci, tsuntsu a takaice ya tafi ƙasa ko kuma ya kama kwari yayin ɗan gajeren jirgin sama. Masu cin nasara a tsakiyar Afirka da Arabia, kudu da hamadar Sahara, amma arewa mai daidaitawa kuma daga gabashin Senegal zuwa Yemen. Tsuntsayen sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankunan da ke kusa da yanayin savannah. Har ila yau ana ganin baƙi masu zuwa hunturu a cikin Sahara ko Yammacin Turai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yankunan kudu maso gabas sun mamaye kudu maso gabashin yankin, galibi a kudu na gabar Larabawa, Habasha da Sudan gabashin Kogin. Redstart ya fita da wuri don hunturu. Hijira yana faruwa daga tsakiyar watan Yuli kuma ya ƙare wani wuri a ƙarshen Satumba. Babban lokacin tashi yana cikin rabin Agusta na biyu. Za'a iya samun tsuntsayen makoma har sai Oktoba, da wuya a watan Nuwamba
A cikin wuraren kiwo, farkon tsuntsayen sun isa ƙarshen Maris, babban lokacin isowa shine daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa farkon Mayu. Motsa jiki na motsi na redstart ya dogara da wadatar ciyarwar. A cikin yanayin sanyi, yawancin abincin an yi shi ne da berries. Bayan isowa, maza suna ta raira kusan duk rana, waƙar su kaɗai ba ta da ƙarshen karewa. A watan Yuli, ba a sake saurarar aikin sakewa ba.
Shedding yana faruwa a watan Yuli - Agusta. Redstart ba tsuntsaye bane na al'umma, daga lokacin kiwo, kusan a koyaushe suna neman abinci. Kawai a wuraren tara ganima, alal misali, a bankunan koguna, akwai tarin tsuntsaye, amma ko da hakan nisan nisa tsakanin su ya kasance.
Yadda redstart ke kiwo
Mafi sau da yawa, redstart suna gina mazaunin su a cikin ramin bishiyoyi daban-daban, wani lokacin ana iya gina makwunansu a ƙarƙashin rufin mazaunin ɗan adam ko a cikin tsarin da aka yi da katako (katako).
Cases na gina gida a cikin tushen Tushen ba sabon abu bane: ya dace a gyara kayan daga inda za a narkar da gidan. An gina shi daga ciyawa, twigs, moss, wani lokacin an samo zaren, igiyoyi, ulu ulu.
Namiji ya tabbatar cewa sauran tsuntsayen ba su zauna a cikin sabon gidan da aka gina ba, shi ma yana da alhakin tsabtar gidan da ake kira kajin a ciki wanda kajin ke zaune (a kullun yana cire duk abin da ba a buƙata a cikin rijiyar ba).
Tsuntsu ya fara kwanciya qwai a ƙarshen Mayu, a cikin ɗayan juji akwai ƙwai shida na launin shuɗi. Kyanke yana ɗaukar makwanni biyu, bayan wannan kajin na ƙyanƙyashe cikin gida don wani sauran kwanaki 15.
Mace da namiji suna ciyar da 'ya'yansu: suna kawo abinci ga kajinsu har sau 500 a rana. Iyaye suna bin kajin har sai sun fara tashi cikin karfin gwiwa suna neman abincinsu.
Manya-Grey ko Babban Redstart
Sashin launin toka-mai-kanshi ko kuma jan launi na kowa shine ɗayan kyawawan tsuntsaye. Koyaya, namiji ne kawai zai iya yin fahariya na kayan fenti mai tsada, saboda zubewar mace tayi talauci sosai. Launin launin ruwan kasa ne, amma wutsiyar tana da launin ja. A cikin namiji, daddafin baya shine ash-launin toka, kirji, ciki, bangarorin da wutsiya ana fentin su da launin shuɗi, amma amai da kunci da baki. Hakanan wani lokacin ma namiji yana da fari goshi.
Redstart gama gari yana zaune a arewa maso yammacin Afirka, Eurasia kuma a yawancin Rasha.
Duk da bambance banbancen na waje, ana amfani da wakar jujjuyawa ta hanyar waƙoƙin maraba. A farkon, trill yana da tazara kuma mai son kai ne, amma a lokaci-lokaci yawan tsinkayen yana raguwa.
Kayan kiɗa na tsuntsu
Babban fa'idar redstart ita ce waƙar sa, wacce aka rarraba ta kashi uku: gabatarwa, ƙarshenwa da ƙarshe.
Idan ka lura sosai da yadda ake rera waka, zaka ga cewa sau da yawa maimaitawa take kamar wacce take waƙa da waƙoƙin wasu tsuntsaye.
Tsuntsaye suna raira waƙa kusan a duk tsawon lokacin, suna hutu kawai da dare, a zahiri 'yan awanni. Da fitowar rana, suna fara yin sihiri na waƙoƙin kyawawarsu, suna karkatar da wutsiyarsu da ƙarfi.
Da gari ya waye, lokacin da jannatin ta fara waka, launi mai ruri musamman yakan haskakawa daga haskoki na rana, saboda haka maƙarƙwalwar redstart ta sami sunan ta, saboda daga haɗuwar wutsiya ruwan lemo da haske, suna iya cewa gashin fuka-fukan tsuntsayen suna kama da haske.
Yawancin maza suna rera waƙa, suna iya yin waƙoƙi kusan 500 a cikin kwana ɗaya.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Redstart nests a cikin kogo ko kuma wani koma baya a cikin bishiyoyi, a cikin shimfidar katako. Bai kamata ciki ya kasance cikin duhu gabaɗaya, ya kamata a kunna shi da haske mai rauni, kamar ƙofar faɗi ko rami na biyu. Yawancin lokaci wannan nau'in yana yadawa a cikin rami mai zurfi, kamar su fasa dutse, shinge mai shinge. Mafi yawan lokuta ana samun mafi yawa a cikin ginin da mutum ya yi. Yawancin wuraren girke-girke suna da tsayin mita daya zuwa biyar. Idan an sanya masonry a ƙasa, to, yakamata ya kasance a wuri mai kariya.
Redstart ya mance da hanyar haihuwa daya. Maza sun isa kadan a farkon wurin kiwo kuma su shiga neman mafaka masu dacewa don samuwar gida. Hukuncin karshe shine mace. Gida an gina shi kusan na mace kaɗai, wanda zai ɗauki kwanaki 1.5 zuwa 8. Girman yana mafi yawanci ƙaddara ta hanyar girman ƙwayar walƙiya.
Ana amfani da bambaro, ciyawa, gansakuka, ganye, ko allurai Pine don shimfida wuraren zama. Sau da yawa akwai ƙananan ƙyalli na wasu, kayan kaɗa, kamar haushi, ƙaramin twigs, lichens ko Willow. Faɗin ginin daga 60 zuwa 65 mm ne, zurfin daga 25 zuwa 48 mm ne. Ciki yana kunshe da kayan abu guda ɗaya kamar gindi, amma ya fizge kuma an sanya shi daidai. An rufe shi da gashin fuka-fuka, gansakuka, gashin dabba, ko wani abu makamancin wannan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan brood ya ɓace, za'a iya samun sauyawa marigayi brood. Farkon farawar oviposition shine ƙarshen Afrilu / farkon Mayu, an lura da oviposition na ƙarshe a farkon rabin Yuli.
Clutch ya ƙunshi 3-9, yawanci 6 ko 7 qwai. Qwai ne m, suna da zurfin kore mai launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi mai ɗan haske. Yin ciki yana wuce kwanaki 12 zuwa 14 kuma yana farawa jim kadan bayan an dage kwan kwanciya. Harban kajin na iya daukar fiye da rana guda. Bayan kwanaki 14, kananan tsuntsaye suka fara tashi. Tsuntsayen matasa suna yin ƙaura da sauri zuwa wuraren yin hunturu. Suna yin jima'i a ƙarshen shekarar farko ta rayuwa.
Lambar redstart
Lambun redstart ya fi son a samar da gidaje kawai akan bishiyoyi, waxanda suke a cikin tsohuwar gadajen gona, wuraren shakatawa. A lokaci guda, ya fi son zama nesa da mutane. Har ila yau ana samun lambun redstart a cikin gandun daji gauraye masu tsayi, a cikin gandun daji na coniferous, inda kullun kullun suke da yawa.
Maimaitawar lambun maza na da jikin ash-launin toka mai kauri, amai, baki, da goshi. Bugu da kari, sashin na sama da na tsakiyar jikin mutum yana da farin launi. Chest, tarnaƙi da wutsiya mai haske m ja. Ba kamar maza ba, ana sanya fentin mata cikin launin shuɗi, amma ƙananan sashin jiki mai launin toka ne. Hakanan akan gashin fuka-f launin launin fata mai launin shuɗi masu launin shuɗi.
Waƙa da lambun redstart mai jituwa ne da arziki. A cikin waƙoƙi akwai karin waƙar waƙa da tausasawa. Duk da wannan, wasan kwaikwayon sake fasalin bango ne mai ban al'ajabi kuma mara kunya, saboda haka yakan fassara wasu wakokin mutane.
Redstart
Redstart-coot - karamin siririn tsuntsu a kan kafafu na bakin ciki mai tsayi. Waɗannan tsuntsayen ababen hawa ne, don haka sukan tashi daga wuri zuwa wuri duk tsawon rana, suna jujjuya fikarsu mai ban sha'awa.
Yin waka a cikin wasan kwaikwayon ya bambanta da sauran. Waƙar ta ƙunshi gajeriyar magana, ta hanyar hanci, wanda ya fara da sautin da ya ƙare kuma ya ƙare a cikin buƙatun da suka bambanta sosai da tsakiyar waƙar.
Abin da ke da ban sha'awa da baƙon abu a cikin wannan tsuntsu
- Mai gani a cikin madubi kwatankwacin jikinsa, jajal na iya riskarsa da wani hari,
- Mace sun gwammace su kama kwari a kan doron ƙasa, yayin da namiji zai kama kwari da gudu,
- Redstart zai iya nestlings na wasu tsuntsaye (alal misali, ƙananan cuckoos) tare da nasu: ciyar da su, koya musu abinci da tashi.
Redstart yana daya daga cikin tsuntsayen shahararru masu ban sha'awa da za'a iya saninsu; launin sa ba zai iya rikita shi da launi wani tsuntsun ba!
Siberian Redstart
Ana samo Red Silar Siberian a cikin gandun daji mai haske, dazuzzuka, lambuna, har ma da wasu ƙauyuka a kudu na Siberiya, Yankin Amur da Prygorye. A lokaci guda, an shirya shimfiɗa a cikin ramuka, maɓuɓɓun duwatsu, tarin tarin duwatsu ko ƙarƙashin rufin gine-gine.
A cikin Siberian Redstart namiji, saman kai da wuya shine haske launin toka a launi, bangarorin kai, makogwaro, baya da fikafikan baƙi ne, amma akwai farin tabo a fuka-fukan. Ciki da wutsiya suna ja mai haske. Mace tayi daidai da macen redstart. Plwarinta na launin ruwan kasa, amma wutsiya, kamar ta namiji, mai haske ja. Bugu da kari, tana da fararen tabo a fuka-fukan.
Redstart mai kararrawa
Redstell na Red-bell yana da kama da na Siberian Redstart, amma ya fi girma da haske. Namiji yana da launin fata mai launin fari, amma macen tana da jan ciki da fari a jikin fikafikan.
Tana zaune a tsaunukan tsakiyar Caucasus da Kudancin Siber, kodayake tana yin hibernates a cikin ƙananan tsaunuka - a cikin ɓarnar tebur ko itacen willows na ruwa.
Yaɗa
Redstart nau'in tsuntsayen Turai ne na yau da kullun, saboda haka mazaunin sa ya bambanta sosai. An samo shi a Turai, yawancin Yammaci da Tsakiyar Siberiya da Yammacin Asiya. Mafi yawa sun fi so su zauna a cikin gandun daji na Pine. Koyaya, manyan wuraren girke-girke har yanzu suna iyakokin daji, kututture bishiyoyi, tsoffin katako, lambuna da wuraren shakatawa. Bugu da kari, redstart sun fi son zama a cikin mafaka, inda aka gina ciyayi lafiya. Nests zauna a cikin hollows, a kan lokacin farin ciki rassan itatuwa, a cikin m shrubs da tsohuwar kututture.
Nesting
Nests zauna a cikin rufaffiyar wuraren da ba a amfani da su. A lokaci guda, an gina mazaunin a cikin halin kulawa kuma suna da siffar kofin. Don gina redstart, ana amfani da bushewa iri-iri na tsire-tsire, ana iya amfani da murfin itace tare da ganyayyaki, gansakuka da guntun itace. Bayan wannan, an kafa zuriyar dabbobi a cikin gida, wanda ya ƙunshi ulu, gashin fuka-fuki da ganyayyaki. Girman irin wannan gida yana da ƙanana: diamita - 110 mm, tsayi - 90 mm, dijital tire a matsakaici 90 mm, zurfin tray 40-70 mm.
Bugu da kari, a cikin gandun daji yawanci akwai gidaje na musamman don sake kunnawa ta hannun mutum. Koyaya, yakamata a yi gidan kawai da inganci kuma ya dace da kayan tsuntsaye. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da allon da aka ɓace - allon katako ko katako, kauri wanda shine 2-2.5 cm. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a tsara kwamiti kawai daga waje na gidan.
Gidan ya fi kyau yin girman mafi kyau duka:
- tsayi - 20-25 cm
- kasa - 12 zuwa 12
- yankin ƙasa na ciki shine 15-20 sq.cm
- diamita masu faci - 3-4 cm
- nesa daga kasan ƙyalli zuwa ƙasan - 10-12 cm
- daga saman daraja zuwa rufi - 4-5 cm
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa redstart basu da ban sha'awa ga rhombic gidaje, saboda haka zaka iya hawa su a kwana. Bugu da kari, a lokacin bazara ana tura gidan yamma ko kudu, babban abinda ba shine ku sadu da iska ba.
Redstart kuma ana kiyaye su a gida. Suna zaune lafiya a sel. Koyaya, ba a ba da shawarar adana abubuwa da yawa a cikin keji sau ɗaya, saboda suna gwagwarmaya, galibi kafin mutuwar abokin hamayya.