A cikin hunturu, mayafin yana da launin toka, kuma a lokacin rani yana samo launin shuɗi, mai ɗan ƙarfi daga sama sama da ƙasa. Wannan nau'in ya mallaki sunanta zuwa wutsiya, a saman ɓangarensa akwai launin ruwan kasa kuma ƙananan gefensa fari. Yana gudu, wannan barewar ya ɗaga da wutsiyarsa, yana nuna alama ga dangi game da haɗari. Maza kawai suna sa ƙaho. Bayan lokacin kiwo, sai su saukar da kaho, sai sababbi su fara farawa a maimakon su. Dukkan ƙahonin suna da siffar murfin wata, convex gaba da zuwa ga bangarorin. A kowane ƙaho daga matakai shida zuwa bakwai.
Girman farin dirin fari-ya bambanta da ragi. A cikin dabbobi da ke zaune a arewacin Amurka, tsayin daka a kan mayukan ya kai 1,0-1.1 m, kuma nauyin namiji ya kai kilogiram 100 zuwa 150. Mata sun yi kankanta da wuta. Yayin da kake motsawa kudu, ƙananan kuɗi sun zama ƙarami. A tsibirin Florida Keys, farin fari mai kaurin suna zaune tare da matsakaicin girman 60 cm a ƙ witƙasassun kuma nauyin 35, wanda hakan sakamakon tasirin tsibirin ne. Tsammani na rayuwa kusan shekara goma ne.
MENENE Abincin
Farar fata ta fari mai launin fari. Shi mai tsari ne a cikin abinci. A lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin bazara, maƙiyin yakan ci ciyawa, ciyawar kore, furanni na tsirrai, tsirrai da bishiyoyi, wani lokacin yakan shiga filayen kuma yakan ci hatsi. A cikin bazara, yana cin abincinsa tare da kwayoyi, 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries. A cikin hunturu, deer yakan sauya zuwa abincin reshe. Dabbobin a arewacin yankin suna kashe kuzari akan binciken abinci fiye da yadda suke karɓa. Yin nazarin halayen deer, an lura cewa a cikin hunturu waɗannan dabbobin sun haɓaka dabarar musamman don halayyar cin abinci: idan ya cancanta, suna rage yawan abincin don kada su ɓata kuzarin da suke nema.
Yaɗa
Farar fata ta fari fari ta zama ruwan dare daga kudancin Kanada zuwa Peru da arewacin Brazil. Ya kasance ga mafiya yawan jinsunan barewa, suna dacewa da ɗabi'a iri-iri. Ana iya samun wannan barewar a cikin dazuzzukan kurmi na New England da kuma a cikin kwari, a cikin fadadden rukunin Everglades, a ƙarshen hamada na Mexico da Arizona. A Kudancin Amurka, tana zaune a cikin dazuzzukan tugai, savannas na bakin teku, da kuma tsaunin arewacin Andes, amma babu shi a cikin gandun daji. A Tsakiyar da Kudancin Amurka, ana samun barewa masu fararen fata, a matsayin mai mulkin, mafi wuya fiye da na Arewa.
An shigo da dabbar da ke da fararen fata a sauran sassan duniya. A cikin shekarun 1950s, an kawo su Finland, daga inda suka bazu zuwa wasu ƙasashe na Scandinavia. Jamhuriyar Czech kuma tana da yawan jama'a da aka gabatar. Kari akan haka, dabbar da ke da fari fari-fari ce daya daga cikin nau'ukan deer da aka gabatar da su New Zealand don farauta.
Yaduwa
Farar fata mai launin fari, wanda ke zaune a tsakiyar kewayen latin, yana matsewa a cikin bazara. Yayin tafiya, halayen maza ke canzawa, da kyar suke ci ko bacci. Tsakaninsu ana gwabza faɗa tsakanin su. Sau da yawa maza, ƙahoni masu riƙewa, sukan mutu. Tare da ƙarshen kullun, maza suna barin mace. Bayan ciki ya dau tsawon kwanaki 196-210, bareyin ya haifi ɗa daya ko biyu da aka rufe da fararen tabo. Matasa masu reindeer galibi suna da ɗa ɗaya, kuma tsofaffi suna da biyu, kuma lokaci-lokaci har ma da cuba threea uku. An farawa, ɗan lokaci bayan haihuwar sa, tuni ya miƙe tsaye yana guduwa, duk da haka, ya ɓata makon farko na rayuwarsa a cikin matsuguni a tsakanin maɓuɓɓugan ƙuraje masu duhu. Daga tsari yakan nuna barewa a lokacin da mahaifiyarsa ta kira shi. Yarinya mata sun zama balaga a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Maza sun girma da yawa daga baya, saboda haka dabbar ta hanyar canjin farko a lokacin yana da shekaru 4.
Halayyar
Farar fata mai launin fari-gaba ɗaya yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa ɗaya kawai fiye da rukuni. Koyaya, baya ga lokacin mating, mace da namiji suna zama kungiyoyi mara lalacewa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Don ma'aurata, maza suna samun mace ɗaya kuma, ba kamar wapiti ba, kada kuyi ƙoƙarin zama maigidan. Bayan haihuwar kwana 200, mace ta haihu daya zuwa biyu, lokaci-lokaci uku, sa .an. Kamar yadda yake a yawancin jinsuna, gashin kodan farin barewa bayan haihuwa yana cike da fararen farin.
Farar fata mai taushi-farashi yana ciyarwa akan ganye, ganye, ganye, berries da sauran wilda wildan daji, har da haushi na itacen. Yana da abokan gaba da yawa. Toari ga mutane, su ne Wolves, cougars, bears da coyotes, a Kudancin Amurka kuma jaguars.
LIFESTYLE
Yawancin rayuwar su, ana kiyaye waɗannan bareyin a cikin keɓaɓɓu ko a cikin ƙananan rukuni, waɗanda ke yin mace ɗaya ko biyu da 'ya'yansu, ko kuma yayin da suke maza, mutum shida zuwa bakwai. A cikin lokacin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi, dabbar da ke da fari-fari ta taru a cikin garken dabbobi har zuwa 50, tunda ya fi sauƙi ga babban rukuni su jure sanyi da tserewa daga mafarauta.
A cikin lokacin karancin abinci na shuka, maigirma yakan nemi ya killace yankinsa daga maharan. Farar fata mai launin fari mai jin kunya kuma yana yin aiki da hankali sosai. Daga abokan gabansa na gani mai kyau, ji mai kyau da kuma jin wari ka tseratar da shi. Lokacin da barewa tayi kiwo, ciyayi mai tsayi yana iyakance yanayin hangen nesa, sabili da haka, don tabbatar da cewa baya cikin hadari, yakan ɗaga kai sama ya kalle kansa. A mafi ƙarancin haɗari, dila mai farin fari ta shimfiɗa wuyanta, ta sha iska kuma ta kai kunnuwanta zuwa wurin da sauti mai kamshi, kamshi ko motsi ya fito.
Barazana da kariya
Kafin zuwan Turawa a Arewacin Amurka, bisa ga wasu alkalumma, kimanin dabbar fari miliyan 40 suka rayu. Indiyawan farautar su, wanda, amma, ba shi da wani tasiri a yawan jama'a. Turawan mulkin mallaka sun fara farawa da barewa saboda fatansu, har ma da nishaɗi. Har zuwa 1900, yawan farin barewa ya ragu sosai, har ya zuwa mutane dubu 500 kawai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ƙuntatawa na farauta ya haifar da ci gaba mai mahimmanci, amma har yanzu yanayin yana da banbanci sosai dangane da yankin. A wasu yankuna, alal misali, kusa da Manyan Tabkuna, ana samun barewa mai fararen fata kamar koyaushe. Gaba ɗaya, ƙimar wannan nau'in a Amurka an kiyasta mutane miliyan 14 ne.
Wasu ƙananan tallafin ana ɗauka kusan sun ƙare kuma suna kan jerin IUCN Red List. Wadannan sun hada da
- Jin dirinOdocoileus virginianus clavium), yana zaune a tsibirin Florida Keys. Wannan ita ce mafi ƙanƙantar da ƙasa daga fari mai-fari fari. Sakamakon farauta mai zurfi a 1945, mutane 26 ne suka rage. Manyan matakan kare wadannan dabbobi sun sanya adadin ya haura zuwa mutane 300 a yau, amma yawon shakatawa a tsibiran yana haifar da damuwa. Kusan duk magudanan ruwa suna zaune ne a kan No Name Key and Big Pine Key Islands. Wani lokacin barewa na iya iyo zuwa tsibirin makwabta, amma rashin ruwan sha yana sa su dawo. IUCN ya kimanta wannan tallafin a matsayin yana cikin haɗari mai girma.
- Colombian farin-Gano Deer (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus), mai suna bayan Kogin Columbia a jihohin Washington da Oregon. Yawanta sakamakon lalacewar sararin rayuwar ɗan adam ya faɗi ga mutane 400. A yau akwai mutane 3,000 daga cikin waɗannan dabbobin, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa Ma'aikatar Kifi da Namun daji ta Amurka ta yanke shawara a cikin 2003 don share deer fari na fari daga cikin jerin nau'in nau'ikan da ke barazanar. A cikin IUCN, ana tantance wannan rarar ɗin a matsayin kasancewa cikin ƙananan haɗari.
BAYANIN FASAHA, BAYANIN. KA SAN CEWA.
- An gabatar da fararen fata ta farin zuwa Czech Republic, New Zealand da Finland, inda tayi kyau sosai.
- Babban maqiyan deer shine mutum da cougar. Mutane suna farautarsa saboda sha'awar wasanni. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, an sarrafa sarrafa barewa sosai. Ganye yana da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na jimlar abincin puma.
- Gangar jikin barewar na iya samun matakai 14.
SIFFOFIN SAURAN HALITTA NA WHITE-TAIL. LITTAFINSA
Gwiwa: babban akwati yana lanƙwasa gaba kuma yana iya samun matakai da yawa. Hornsahon ƙaho ne, manyan iri. A cikin hunturu, deer ya sauke su. Sabbin kaho suna girma a farkon lokacin damuna.
Farar wutsiya: Idan akwai haɗari, dila mai farin fari yakan shuɗe a tsalle mai tsayi, yayin da wutsiyar kuma ta riƙe kamar tutar fari, tana riƙe da ita. Wutsiya jagora ne don ragowar garken.
Sayi: karami fiye da namiji. Ba shi da kaho.
Calf: gashi mai ban sha'awa yana sanya mara ganuwa tsakanin ciyayi mai yawa.
- Wurin da ke da fari fari
INA YI
Arewa, Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, daga Central Canada zuwa Bolivia da Central Brazil. Gabatarwa zuwa New Zealand da wasu ƙasashen Turai.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTATA
Farar fata mai launin fari-fari ita ce mafi yawan jinsin bareyin Amurka. Farauta don ita tana ƙarƙashin tsananin kulawa. Koyaya, har ilayau da dama daga cikin farin fari ta ke har yanzu ana fuskantar barazanar rushewa.
Bayyanar
Girman farin barewa ya bambanta da yankuna wurin zama - a yankuna na arewacin, mutane sun fi girma. Artiodactyls da ke zaune a arewacin Amurka da Kanada nauyin kilo 60-130, wasu maza zasu iya nauyin kilo 155, mata kuma kilo 90. Deer da ke zaune a kudanci suna karami, nauyinsu bai wuce kilo 35-50 ba. Matsakaicin nauyin maza, ba tare da la’akari da yankin zama ba, kilo 68, kuma matsakaicin nauyin mata shine kilo 45. Matsakaicin tsayi a jikin ƙusoshin farin fari mai kaifi shine santimita 55-120, tsawon jikin tare da wutsiya shine santimita 95-220, kuma tsawon wutsiyar da kanta shine 10-37 santimita.
Biyu daga farin barewa.
Fata a lokacin bazara da bazara yana da launi mai launin shuɗi, kuma a cikin hunturu da damina - launin toka-launin toka, yayin da a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren fata launikan ya yi duhu sosai, idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan. Wutsiya launin ruwan kasa a saman da fari a ƙasa, yayin da yake gudana, barewa ya ɗaga wutsiyarsa sama, wanda alama ce ga dangi game da haɗarin. Nauyi na girma ne kawai a cikin maza, amma suna jifa da su duk shekara a ƙarshen lokacin kiwo, bayan da sabbin abubuwa ke farawa a maimakon su. Ana ɗaukar ƙahon ƙahon fararen fata-tare da tsari.
Sake buguwa da tsawon rai
Kafin lokacin kiwo, maza da mata suna zaune a cikin kananan rukuni. Maza yayin saduwa ba sa haifar da abubuwan cin abinci, amma suna nuna kulawa ga mace ɗaya kaɗai.
Farar fata mai launin fari-mace da maraƙi.
Cutar ciki a cikin farin fari-mace na tsawon watanni 7, kuma haihuwa na faruwa a watan Mayu-Yuni. Mace tana haihuwar saya ko uku. Fewan makonni na farko, yaran sun sami mafaka a cikin ciyawa mai kauri, fatar jikinsu da farin zubin taimaka wajan ɓar da su. Uwa tana ciyar da jarirai madara tsawon makonni 10. A lokacin hunturu, samari ya riga ya sami nauyi zuwa kilo 20-35. Maza suna barin uwayensu a farkon rayuwar rayuwa, kuma mace ta biyu. Balagagge a cikin barewar farin fari ta na faruwa ne da shekaru 1.5, kuma suna rayuwa a matsakaicin shekaru 10-12.
27.05.2019
Erararrawar fararen fata (Lat. Odocoileus virginianus) na gidan Deer ne (Cervidae) kuma wakili ne na kowa akan yankin Arewacin Amurka. A cikin jihohin yammacin Amurka, galibi yana kusa da barewar launin fata (Odocoileus hemionus). Wannan kusancin nau'ikan biyu masu alaƙa da haihuwa yakan haifar da bayyanar zuriya mai yawa.
Kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka na Turai a Amurka, yawansu ya kai mutum miliyan 40. A ƙarshen karni na XIX, ya ragu sau 80. Godiya ga matakan da aka ɗauka, yana yiwuwa a dakatar da ƙarin raguwarsa. Yanzu adadin ya wuce shugabannin miliyan 14, don haka babu abin da ke barazanar ci gaba da wanzuwar waɗannan kwayoyin.
An fara bayanin jinsunan a cikin 1780 ta masanin ilimin dabbobi na kasar Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann.
Abokan gaba
Abokan farin barewa ba mutane bane kawai, harma da Wolves, Jaguars, alligators, bears da coyotes. Mafi sau da yawa, matasa suna mutuwa daga masu hasashen, tunda wakilan manya na nau'in ba za su iya tserewa ta jirgin sama ba, har ma suna ba da juriya idan ya cancanta. Rikicin ɗan adam kuma yana haifar da raguwa a cikin adadin farin barewa, wanda shine dalilin lalata yanayin halitta na artiodactyls.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Sake buguwa da tsammanin rayuwa
A cikin lokacin mating, maza da mata suna zama a cikin kananan rukuni. A lokacin kiwo, maza basa kokarin kirkirar hatsi. Suna lura da mace ɗaya. Haihuwar tana faruwa ne a watan Mayu da Yuni bayan daukar ciki, wanda yai watanni 7. Daga 1 zuwa uku ne aka haife shi. Makon farko na makonni 4, jarirai suna ɓoye cikin ciyayi. Fatar su tana da farin digo.
Ciyar da madara na tsawon makonni 10. By hunturu, girma girma riga ya kai kilogiram 20-35. Maza suna barin uwayensu shekara guda bayan haihuwa, kuma mace bayan shekaru 2. Dabbobi suna girma da jima'i a shekara da rabi. Farar fata mai launin fari yana zaune a cikin daji har tsawon shekaru 10-12.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Hoto: Tsararren Fararre
Dankararren fari-dabbar fari ɗaya daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa a Arewacin Amurka. Babban dalilin da ya sa wannan nau'in ya rayu tsawon lokaci shine saboda karbuwarsa. Lokacin da yanayin kankara ya fara, halittu da yawa basa iya jure yanayin canza wuri da sauri, amma deer da aka yi amfani da farin-ya bunkasa.
Wannan nau'in yana da karbuwa sosai; fasali irinsu:
- tsokoki mai ƙarfi na kafafu
- babban kaho
- siginar gargaɗi
- Jawo canza launi.
Knownwararren fari-fari an san su da amfani da ƙahoni don abubuwa da yawa, kamar kokawa da alamar yankinsu. A cikin shekaru miliyan 3.5 da suka gabata, ƙaho fari-mai farare suna canza abubuwa da yawa saboda buƙatar samun girma da kauri. Tunda ana amfani da ƙaho ne don yin faɗa, ƙa'idar doka ita ce cewa mafi yawan abin da suke, mafi kyau ne.
Itwararren Whitetail shine ɗayan tsoffin dabbobi masu rai masu rai a Arewacin Amurka. Wannan nau'in ya kusan shekaru miliyan 3.5 da haihuwa. Saboda tsufa, magabatan barewa suna da wuyar tantancewa. Farar fata mai launin fari da aka samo tana da kusanci da Odocoileus brachyodontus, ban da wasu ƙananan bambance-bambance. Hakanan ana iya haɗuwa da shi tare da wasu nau'ikan tsofaffin almara a matakin DNA.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Abincin ya hada da shukoki, ciyawa, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, hatsi, 'ya'yan itatuwa, berries da ciyawa. Ana cin namomin kaza a cikin adadi kaɗan. A cikin hunturu, bareyi mai fararen fata a yankuna na arewacin yankin ya wadatu da bishiyar bishi, gansakuka da lemo.
Yana da damar ciyar da ganyayyaki na guba (Toxicodendron diversilobum), wanda yawancin ma'abuta ɗimbin kwayoyi suke guje wa. Kamar yadda masu cin ganyayyaki kawai, maɓallin fararen fari wani lokacin suna cin kananan dabbobi da kuma kajin tsuntsayen ƙasar.
Ciyarwa yakan faru da maraice da kuma safiya. Yawancin lokaci dabbobi da yawa kanana a lokaci guda.
Bayanin
Tsawon jikin mutum shine 160-200 cm, kuma wutsiya 15-30 cm .. nauyi 60-130 kg. Mata suna da ƙarancin haske da wuta fiye da maza. Yawan nauyin barewar tsibirin Florida shine kilogiram 20-34. An rarraba mafi yawan dabbobi a arewacin ɓangaren.
Launin Jawo yana da bambance-bambancen yanki da na yanayi. Fiye da launin toka, tan ko m-main baya. A cikin hunturu, Jawo ya zama ɗan wuta kaɗan.
Kashi na sama na wuya, makogwaro, ciki, gefen ciki na kunnuwa da kafafuna suna fentin fari. Wani farin 'madubi' yana cikin yankin wutsiya.
Maza suna haɓaka sabon kafofi kowace shekara, wanda suke watsar da ƙarshen ƙarshen. Matan basu da kaho.
Tsammani na farin Budurwa mai launin fari-shekaru shine shekaru 10-12.
A ina ne farin barewar yake zaune?
Hoto: Bawar Amurkawa Farar fata
Farar fata fari-mai kaifin fata ana samun su ne a Tsakiyar Yammacin Arewacin Amurka. Wadannan barewa na iya zama a kusan kowace muhalli, amma sun fi son wuraren tsaunuka tare da gandun daji. Dabbobin da ke da farin fari ba su da damar buɗe filayen burtsatse waɗanda ke kewaye da bishiyoyi ko ciyawa mai tsayi don kare su daga masu farauta da kuma neman abinci.
Mafi yawan debo da ke zaune a Amurka sun mamaye jihohi kamar su:
Farar fata mai launin fari ta dace da su da ire-iren wuraren zama, haka kuma ga canje-canje kwatsam a cikin yanayi.Zasu iya rayuwa a wuraren katako, da kuma a cikin wuraren da suke da fadi. Saboda wannan dalili, ana samun su a wurare da yawa a Arewacin Amurka.
Farar fari mai-fari fari halittu ne masu iya canzawa kuma suna rayuwa mafi kyau a yankuna da keɓaɓɓun shimfidar wurare. Babu irin nau'in yanayin da zai dace da barewa, ya kasance katako mai ƙarfi ko tsire-tsire na Pine. A saukake, deer na buƙatar abinci, ruwa da shimfidar wuri a hanyar da ta dace. Abubuwan da ake buƙata don rayuwa da abinci mai gina jiki suna canzawa a cikin shekara, don haka kyakkyawan mazaunin yana da isasshen adadin abubuwan da ake buƙata a duk shekara.
Menene barewar mai farin fari ke ci?
HOTO: barewar fararen fata a Rasha
Matsakaicin, barewa suna cin abinci 1 zuwa 3 na abinci a kowace rana ga kowane kilo 50 na nauyin jikin mutum. Deirƙirar matsakaici suna cinyewa sama da tan na abinci a shekara. Nama dabbobi ne, kuma, kamar shanu, suna da hadaddun ciki mai hawa huɗu. A dabi'a, deer na da zaɓe. Bukan bakinsu dogaye ne da nufin zaban takamaiman abinci.
Abincin abincin deer yana da bambanci da mazauninsa. Wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna ciyar da ganye, rassan, 'ya'yan itatuwa da harbe daban-daban na bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi da vines. Deer kuma ya ciyar da ciyawa da ganye, ganyaye, tsirar gona, da nau'ikan namomin kaza.
Ba kamar shanu ba, bare yakan ciyar da abinci iri-iri na musamman. Dewararren fari mai-fari na iya cin abinci mai yawa na nau'in tsire-tsire da aka samo a mazauninsu. Tabbas, lokacin da magudanan hatsi ke haifar da ƙarancin abinci, za su ci abinci da yawa iri daban-daban waɗanda ba sa cikin tsarin abincinsu na yau da kullun.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
HOTO: Whitewararren farin fari a cikin gandun daji
-Ungiyoyin farare masu fararen fata sun kasu gida biyu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyi na dangi, tare da doe da offspringa offspringanta, da gungun maza. Theungiyar dangin zata kasance tare har kusan shekara guda. Rukunin maza an tsara su da manya-manyan iko daga mutane 3 zuwa 5.
A cikin hunturu, waɗannan rukunin daji guda biyu zasu iya haɗuwa, suna samar da al'ummomin al'ummomi sama da 150. Wannan associationungiyar ta sa hanyan buɗe hanyoyin su isa ga ciyarwa, kuma yana ba da kariya daga maharba. Sakamakon ciyar da mutane, waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon na iya haifar da tarin yawa daga ƙwayar cuta, wanda ke jawo hankalin masu farauta, da ƙara haɗarin watsa cututtuka, da haɓaka tashin hankali a cikin jama'a, haifar da wuce gona da iri na ciyayi na gida da ƙarin hadi.
Farar fata mai launin fari yana iya iyo, gudu da tsalle sosai. Jikin hunturu na dabbobi masu shayarwa yana da gashin gashi, nisan da yake a tsakanin wanda ke cike da iska. Godiya ga wannan dabba, yana da wahala nutsar da ruwa, koda kuwa ya ƙare. Farar fata mai launin fari yana iya yin gudu har zuwa saurin kilomita 58 a sa'a guda, kodayake yawanci yakan je mafaka mafi kusa kuma baya tafiya mai nisa. Canjin kuma zai iya tsalle tsayin mita 2.5 a tsayinsa da mita 9 a tsayinsa.
Lokacin da barewar fararen fata ta firgita, tana iya murƙusar ƙyallen ƙyallen haushi don faɗakar da sauran barewa. Dabba zai iya "yiwa alama" yanki ko kuma ya ɗaga wutsiyarsa, yana nuna farin abin da yake a bayyane.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Farar fata daga Kayan Ruwa
Tsarin zamantakewa na farin barewa a waje da lokacin kiwo an mai da hankali akan manyan rukunoni biyu na zamantakewa: matriarchal da namiji. Kungiyoyin Matriarchal sun kunshi mace, mahaifiyarta da zuriyarta. Rukunin maza arean ƙungiyoyin kyauta ne waɗanda suka kunshi barewa.
Nazarin sun tsara tsawon lokacin ɗaukar ciki daga Godiya har zuwa tsakiyar Disamba, farkon Janairu, har ma da watan Fabrairu. Ga mafi yawan wuraren zama, gannin lokacin kiwo ya faɗi a tsakiyar da ƙarshen Janairu. A wannan lokacin, farin da ke da fari-fari suna fuskantar canje-canje na hormonal. Mazinaci ya zama mai saurin fushi da rashin haƙuri ga wasu maza.
A wannan lokacin, maza suna yin alama da kare yankuna masu kiwo, suna haifar da haruffa masu yawa a cikin mazauninsu. A lokacin kiwo, namiji zai iya miji da mace sau da yawa.
Yayinda haihuwa take kusanci, mace mai ciki zata zama shi kaɗaici kuma yana kiyaye yankin ta daga sauran barewa. Ana haihuwar Fawns kimanin kwanaki 200 bayan haihuwa. A Arewacin Amurka, yawancin barewa ana haihuwar su daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa tsakiyar watan Agusta. Yawan zuriya ya dogara da shekaru da yanayin jikin mace. Yawanci, mace mai shekara ɗaya tana da barewa guda ɗaya, amma tagwaye masu wuya.
Tsarin 'yan tseren a cikin mummunan gari, waɗanda ke da cunkoson jama'a, na iya nuna talaucin rayuwa tsakanin zuriya. A cikin 'yan kwanakin farko bayan haihuwar, da wuya mace ta yi nesa da nesa da nisan fiye da mita 100 daga' ya'yanta. Fawns sun fara rakiyar uwayensu tun yana da shekaru uku zuwa hudu.
Abokan halitta na fari mai-fari-fari
Hoto: Tsararren Fararre
Farar fata mai launin fari yana zaune a yankunan daji. A wasu wuraren, yawaitar barewa matsala ce. Karnukan karnuka masu zaki da zakuna na dutse sune ke taimaka wajan kiyaye yawan jama'a, amma saboda farauta da cigaban mutane a yawancin yankuna na Arewacin Amurka babu kyarke da yawa da zakuna.
Farar fata mai launin fari-wasu lokuta suna zama ganima don cinye-baye, amma mutane da karnuka yanzu sune manyan maƙiyan wannan nau'in. Tunda babu masu yawan farauta na halitta, a wasu lokutan ma yakan zama yayi yawa sosai ga mahalli, saboda abin da bareyin zai iya matsananciyar mutuwa. A cikin yankunan karkara, mafarautan suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa yawan waɗannan dabbobin, amma a kewayen birni da ƙauyuka, ba a yarda farauta ba, wanda adadin waɗannan dabbobin ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Kyakkyawan rayuwa ba ya nufin cewa waɗannan ƙazaran ƙazamar abubuwa ne.
Barazana ga farin fari-fari (ba banda masu cin naman mutane ba) sun hada da:
- farauta,
- hadarin mota,
- cututtuka.
Yawancin mafarauta sun san barewa suna da karancin gani. Farar fata mai launin fari-yana da wahayi mai dichromatic, wanda ke nufin cewa suna ganin launuka biyu ne kawai. Sakamakon rashin hangen nesa mai kyau, dabbar da ke da fari-fari ta ɓullo da ƙarfin ƙanshin don gano masu farauta.
Zazzabi na Catarrhal (“Bullar Inganci”) cuta ce da ke damun yawancin barewa. Kamuwa da cuta ana yada shi ta hanyar tashi yana haifar da kumburin harshe, yana kuma sa wanda aka cutar ya rasa ikon ƙafafunsa. Yawancin mutane suna mutuwa a cikin mako guda. In ba haka ba, maida zai iya ɗaukar watanni 6. Wannan cutar kuma tana shafar yawancin jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Hoto: Dabbobin farin fari-fari
Baƙi ne mafi ƙaranci a yawancin jihohin Arewacin Amurka har zuwa 'yan shekarun nan. An kiyasta cewa a farkon 1900s, bareyi kusan 2,000 ne suka wanzu a Alabama kaɗai. Bayan kokarin da aka yi a shekarun da suka gabata na kara yawan jama'a, yawan dila a Alabama a shekarar 2000 an kiyasta cewa dabbobi miliyan 1.75 ne.
A zahiri, wurare da yawa na Arewacin Amurka suna da mamaye ƙasa. A sakamakon haka, amfanin gona ya lalace, adadin barewa da hadarin abin hawa yana ƙaruwa. Tarihi, a Arewacin Amurka, mafi yawan ƙasashe masu fararen fari da aka fari shine Virginia (O. v. Virginianus). Bayan kusan ƙarshen kisan fararen fata a jihohin Midwest a farkon 1900s, Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi, tare da wasu mutane masu zaman kansu da ƙungiyoyi, sun fara gwagwarmaya don haɓaka adadin barewa a cikin 1930s.
A farkon shekarun 1900, an kafa dokar da ke kula da farautar barewa, amma ba a mutunta su. Ya zuwa shekarar 1925, adadin deer a cikin jihar Missouri mutum 400 ne kacal. Wannan ragewa ya sa majalisar dokokin jihar Missouri ta dakatar da farauta daga gaba daya tare da bin ka’idojin kare da kuma dawo da alumma.
Ma'aikatar Kula da Yankin tayi ƙoƙari don tura ƙazantar zuwa Missouri daga Michigan, Wisconsin da Minnesota don taimakawa sake haɓaka adadin dabbobi. Ma'aikatan kariya sun fara amfani da ka'idodi waɗanda ke taimakawa hana yin bautar. Ya zuwa 1944, maniyyi ya ƙaru zuwa 15,000.
A halin yanzu, yawan barewa a cikin jihar Missouri kadai shine mutane miliyan 1.4, kuma mafarauta kowace shekara suna haɓaka dabbobi kusan 300,000. Missouri reindeer management yana ƙoƙarin kwantar da jama'a a matakin da yake a cikin ikon ilimin halittu.
Farar fata fari - dabba mai kyau da kyakkyawa wacce ke taka muhimmiyar rawa ga dabbobin daji. Don tabbatar da lafiyar gandun daji, dole ne a daidaita garken dabbobi da mazauninsu. Daidaituwar dabi'a muhimmin abu ne don jin dadin rayuwar dabbobi.