Falcon Saker Falcon mai kisan gilla ne kuma ɗayan masu tsananin tsoro, kamar zaki ko cheetah, amma kawai tsakanin tsuntsayen, cikin sauri da shiru suna kashe ganima - waɗannan kalmomin suna iya kwatanta wannan tsuntsayen masu kyan gani.
Yaya Saker Falcon yayi kama kuma a ina yake zaune?
Plwararren Saker Falcons ya bambanta sosai, mafi yawan launuka biyu ne - launuka masu launin fari da launin ruwan kasa tare da ja. A jikin mutum ana kiransa "mustaches" - ratsi mai duhu waɗanda ke gudana tare da wuya, yawancin lokuta ana iya ganin su a cikin saker tare da launi mai haske, a cikin sauran nau'ikan su ma suna iya kasancewa, amma ba za a furta hakan ba.
Tana da dogon wutsiya, zoben rawaya yana nan kusa da idanu masu ruwan kasa. Maza suna da ƙanƙanuwa a jiki kuma suna da ƙarancin mace - yawanci namiji yakan yi nauyin 1 kg, kuma mace tana nauyin nauyin 1.5. Saker Falcon yana da sauƙin rikicewa tare da gyrfalcon ko peregrine falcon, waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da alaƙa da juna.
Ya fi son ya zauna a cikin wani yanki ko kuma gandun-daji, muhimmiyar rawa wajen zabar mazauninsu a gare su shine kasancewar wani gandun daji kusa, kogi ko wani tafki tare da bude ƙasa, wanda shine wurin da duk tushen asalin abincin da yake tarawa. Yana farauta a cikin radius na 20 km daga gida (babban isasshen nisa don tsuntsu na abincin).
Bayanin farauta na wannan kyakkyawan maharbin
Abincin saker (falco cherrug) ya hada da nau'ikan nau'ikan jijiyoyi da sauran kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kusan sau da yawa, saniya, pigeons, sparrows har ma da masu iya magana suke fada cikin tafin.
Kasancewar sa tana da matukar tsoro ga wadanda abin ya shafa wadanda mutum zai iya lura da yadda gandun daji ke kwanciyar hankali yayin gudu daga sakatar da yankunanta. Lokacin da aka iske wanda aka azabtar, sikirin ya kutso zuwa wurinsa cikin sauri (saurin gudu na iya kaiwa kilomita 250 / h). Faɗuwar tana faruwa a kusurwar dama, amma busa yana faɗuwa a gefen wanda aka azabtar kuma idan yana da ƙarfi sosai, wanda aka kashe ya mutu a wurin, wani lokacin kuma sai a rasa wani sashin jiki.
Muhimmin mahimmanci shi ne cewa tare da irin wannan babban hanzari, saker, mai bugewa, ba ya raguwa, amma kawai yana ɗaukar shi kusa da wanda aka azabtar, wanda zai iya zama abin mamaki, tunda dole ne ya wahala da kansa lokacin da aka buge shi. Idan tsuntsu ne wanda aka azabtar, to, yana jira lokacin da zai faɗi ƙasa.
Strongarfin kwancensa mai ƙarfi, har ma da jijiyoyi na roba, wanda zai ba ka damar isar da waɗannan maɗaukakan ƙarfin ba tare da jin tsoron lafiyarka ba, suna taimakawa don guje wa raunin da ya faru.
Idan wanda aka kashe bai yi nasarar kisan daga farkon bugu ba, to, ya sake yin hanya ta biyu, ya gama dabbar da ta taɓa gurɓata, bayan haka zai iya cin abincinsa a kan tabo ko ya tafi da shi zuwa gida.
Kiwo da nesting na Saker Falcons
Duk da halaye na ban mamaki wadanda ke matsayin ka'idodin tsuntsaye, amma saker a halin yanzu wani saukin tsuntsu ne kuma ana jera shi a cikin littafin littafi.
Wadannan tsuntsayen sun isa lokacin balaga tun suna shekara daya - sannan ne ma sai magabacin ya fara jin tsufa kuma yana da karfi har yaci gaba da halittar sa ya fara kula da 'ya' yan, kusa da bazara, wasannin matane.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa ba sa gina mazaunin su, kodayake yayin wasannin mating suna yin kamar suna tsunduma cikin gininsu. Saker Falcons na kama mazaunin sauran tsuntsayen, suna zaune a can shekaru da yawa tare. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da lokuta yayin da Saker Falcons bashi da guda ɗaya, amma yawancin makusantan kusa.
Dangane da mazaunin mazaunin, Saker Falcons na iya zaɓar mazaunan da ba a kan bishi kaɗai ba, har ma a kan dutse - akwai lokuta yayin da Saker Falcons ke kama da ciyayi, wanda ke nuna ƙarfinsu a fili. Bayan sun ga mazauniyar da suke so, da kuma gama kammala lissafin aikin, macen ta daga kwai 1 zuwa 5, wacce take da launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa.
Kariya da shiryawa qwai bawai kawai ga mata ba, harma da namiji, da raba nauyi tsakanin su. Bayan lokacin shiryawa, wanda ya kasance a cikin yankin na tsawon wata daya, kajin suna ƙyanƙyashe. Bayan watanni 2, kajin sun riga sun zama kamar sabili na manya kuma suna iya yin gajeren tashi da kansu.
Ina so in yi fatan cewa mutane za su yi nasara ba kawai don adanawa ba, har ma da ƙaruwa da yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen, waɗanda da gaske cancanci samun suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu haɗari a cikin sama.
Asalin gani da kwatancin
Wannan nau'in yayin da take rayuwa ta kasance yana haifar da rudani da rashin daidaituwa na layin, wanda ke kawo cikas game da nazarin bayanai akan jerin abubuwan DNA. Ba za a iya fata cewa binciken kwayoyin tare da karamin adadin samfurori za su nuna alamun abin dogara a cikin kungiyar ba. Thearfafawar duk rayayyun halittu na magabatan Saker Falcon, wanda ya faru a cikin tsaka-tsakin farko a farkon Pleistocene, yana da wuya sosai.
Bidiyo: Saker
Saker Falcon wani yanki ne mai kafaɗa wanda ya bazu daga arewa maso gabashin Afirka zurfi zuwa kudu maso gabashin Turai da Asiya ta yankin gabashin Rum. A cikin zaman talala, fallancin Rum da Saker Falcon zasu iya yin sulhu, banda maganin tazara tare da maganin motsa jiki mai yiwuwa. Suna gama gari don saker ya fito ne daga larabci kuma yana nufin "falcon".
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Saker Falcon tsuntsu ne game da labarin mythological da kuma tsuntsu na ƙasar Hungary. A shekarar 2012, an zabi saker a matsayin tsuntsu na kasar Mongolia.
Saker falcons a gefen arewa maso gabas na tuddai a cikin tsaunin Altai sun ɗan fi girma kaɗan, suna da duhu kuma ana ganinsu sosai a ƙananan sassa fiye da sauran al .umma. Da aka sani da suna Altai falcon, a baya ana daukar su a matsayin wani nau'in halittar “Falco altaicus” ko kuma wani matsakaici tsakanin saker da gyrfalcon, amma karatun zamani ya nuna cewa ya zama kamar wani abu ne na saker.
Yawancin chegloks
- Falco subbuteo subbuteo wani yanki ne na ainihin wannan nau'in. Sun fi son zama a Yammacin Afirka, ko'ina cikin Turai da Asiya, ban da yankin kudu maso gabas kawai. Wannan tallafin shine tsuntsu mai ƙaura. Don lokacin sanyi, ya bar gidajensa ya yi balaguro zuwa Afirka da Asiya.
- Falco subbuteo streichi babban wakili ne mafi girma na umarnin falconry. Tana zaune a gefen kudu na Asiya, ta mamaye yankin China zuwa Myanmar da Indochina. A cikin hunturu, ba sa tashi ko'ina.
Tallafin mai dangantaka na cheglock:
- Afirka cheglok Falco cuvierii - kusan ainihin kwafin kwazon cheglok ne na yau da kullun. Yana zaune a Afirka.
- Longgennis na Australia wanda yake da kama da na al'ada ya yi kama da wanda aka saba, amma ba haka ba ne. Matar sa sama da ƙwai 3 a cikin kwanciya. Ostiraliya, Gabashin Indonesia da New Guinea sune mazaunin wannan tallafin.
- Cheglok Eleonora Falco eleonorae - yafi girma fiye da yadda aka saba. An ba ta suna ne bayan tsohuwar shugabar daga Sardinia, wacce ta ba da umarni kan kare wadannan tsuntsayen daga mutane. Suna zaune a Girka, Croatia, Sicily, Malta da kuma bakin tekun Afirka.
- Falcoree Falco concolor na azurfa - yana da asali a cikin launi mai haske kamar azurfa. Tana mamaye Afirka.
- Falco cheglok na Gabas - yayi kama da na Cheglok na Afirka. Tana zaune a cikin yankin savannah daga arewacin-gabashin Afirka, gandun daji na Asiya da kusan dukkanin yankin kore na Australia.
Bayyanar fasali da fasali
Photo: Menene wani saker yayi kama?
Saker Falcon ba shi da ƙasa da gyrfalcon. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna nuna bambance-bambance a launi da tsari, daga madaidaicin cakulan mai launi daidai zuwa tsami ko ƙirar ciyawa mai ratsin launin ruwan kasa ko gudana. Balaga tana da fararen fari ko kodadde a cikin kashin ciki na gashin gashin jela. Tunda launi a ƙarƙashin reshe yawanci paler ne, yana da bayyanar translucent idan aka kwatanta shi da duhun bakin ciki da kuma dabbobin gashin fuka-fukan.
Matan Saker sun fi maza girma kuma yawanci suna nauyi ne daga 970 zuwa 1300 g, suna da matsakaicin tsawon nauyin 55 cm, fikafi shine 120 zuwa 130. Maza sunfi karfinsu kuma suna nauyi daga 780 zuwa 1090 g, a matsakaita, tsawonsu yakai 45 cm, firam Tsararren kwayar 100 zuwa 110. jinsunan suna da '' eriya '' masu ma'ana a cikin fuskoki masu duhu akan sashin kai. Bayan molting a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, fuka-fuki, baya, da sutturar tsuntsu sai suyi launin toka mai duhu. Hanyoyin launin shuɗi sun zama rawaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abubuwan da ke cikin launuka da launi na saker sun bambanta sosai cikin kewayon rarrabawarsa. Yawan jama'ar Turai suna cikin yanayin ciyarwa a cikin wuraren kiwo, in ba haka ba suna ƙaura zuwa gabashin Bahar Rum ko kuma gaba zuwa kudu zuwa Gabashin Afirka.
Fuka-fukan fikafikan balaban suna da tsawo, fadi da fadi, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu akan saman, dan kadan ya mulmula shi kuma ya daure. Saman wutsiya shine launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Halin halayyar shine madaukakin launuka mai haske. A Tsakiyar Turai, ana gano wannan nau'in sauƙin ta hanyar bangarorin ornithological, a cikin wuraren da aka samo faldaɗar Rum (F. biarmicus feldeggi), akwai yuwuwar rikicewa.
Ina ne saker yake zaune?
Hoto: Saker Falcon a Rasha
Balabans (galibi ana kiransu "Saker Falcons") ana samunsu ne a cikin zangon-hamada da kuma dazuzzukan daji daga Gabashin Turai zuwa Asiya ta Tsakiya, inda suke mafi girman "ƙaƙƙarfan hamada." Balaginawa sun yi ƙaura zuwa arewacin arewacin Asiya da wasu sassan Afirka don hunturu. Kwanan nan, an yi ƙoƙari don yada balaguron balaguro a yamma zuwa Jamus. Ana samun wannan nau'in a wani yanki mai yawa a cikin yankin Palaearctic daga Gabashin Turai zuwa yammacin China.
Sun asali cikin:
Wakilan nau'ikan jinsin a kullun hunturu ko tashi zuwa:
A cikin adadi kaɗan, daidaitattun mutane sun isa wasu ƙasashe. Yawan jama’ar duniya ya zama abin nazari. Saker Falcons gida akan bishiyoyi a nisan mitoci 15 15-20 a saman ƙasa, a cikin lambun shakatawa da kuma a cikin gandun daji bude a gefen wata itaciya. Ba wanda ya taɓa ganin balaban yana gina nasa gida. Mafi yawan lokuta sukan mamaye gidansu na sauran nau'in tsuntsayen, wani lokacin ma sukan mamaye runduna tare da mamaye mazauna. An san cewa a cikin mafi yawan wuraren da ba za'a iya amfani da su ba, suttura suna amfani da sheƙansu akan shinge na dutse.
Bird yadawo
Mazaunin balaban ya hada da yankuna tsakiyar Asiya. Yawan nau'in tsuntsayen sun zama ruwan dare a cikin Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Altai, a cikin kudanci na Kudancin Krasnoyarsk, a Yankin Irkutsk, Buryatia, da Transbaikalia. Hakanan ana samun Balaban a cikin ƙasashe kamar su Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, China.
A lokacin sanyi, yawan balaban arewa suna tashi zuwa Habasha, da Larabawa ta larabawa, da yammacin China. Tsuntsayen kudanci suna zama marasa galihu.
A duk yankuna na mazaunun, adadin balaban ya ragu.
Menene ma'aunin abinci yake ci?
Hoto: Saker a jirgin sama
Kamar sauran falmo, balagans suna da kaifi mai kaifi, akasari ana amfani dasu don kama ganima. Suna yin amfani da beke mai ƙarfi, kamawa don yanke kashin wanda aka azabtar. A lokacin kiwo, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar su squirrels, hamsters, jerboas, gerbils, hares da pikas zasu iya yin kashi 60 zuwa 90% na abincin saker.
A wasu halayen, tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a duniya, irin su dabbar tsuntsaye, tsuntsayen hazel, da sauran tsuntsayen iska, kamar su ducks, daskararru, har ma da sauran tsuntsayen ganima (mujiyoyi, kestrels, da sauransu), na iya haɗawa daga 30 zuwa 50% na duk ganima a cikin yankuna dazuzzuka. Hakanan Saker Falcons na iya cin manyan leɓuna.
Babban abincin abincin balaban shine:
Saker yana dacewa da jiki don farauta kusa da ƙasa a cikin wuraren budewa, yana haɗuwa da hanzari mai sauri tare da babban hanzari kuma, saboda haka, ya ƙware a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin matsakaici. Yana yin bushara da wuraren bude ciyawa, kamar filayen hamada, jeji, kwari, noma da kuma tsaunukan tuddai.
A wasu yankuna, musamman kusa da ruwa har ma a birane, murabba'i yana juyawa ga tsuntsaye a matsayin babban abin farauta. Kuma a wasu yankuna na Turai, yana cin amana a kan tattabarai da dabbobin gida. Tsuntsu yana cin abincinsa a wuraren buɗe ido, yana neman ganima daga kan duwatsun da bishiyoyi. Balaban ya jagoranci harinsa a cikin jirgin sama, kuma bai fadi kan wanda aka cutar da shi daga iska ba, kamar sauran 'yan uwansa.
Yanzu kun san yadda ake ciyar da saker. Bari mu ga yadda falcon yake rayuwa a cikin daji.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Falcon Saker Falcon - tsuntsu na ganima. Yana ciyarwa akan ƙananan ƙwayoyi (alal misali, maɓuɓɓugan ƙasa), har da hares, pigeons, partridges, ducks, manyan lizards. Duk "abinci" mai yuwuwar yana matukar tsoron sakaci. Lokacin da wanda abin ya rutsa da ta ga ƙwal a cikin sama, sai ta nemi ta yi ƙasa ta ƙi barin ramin. A lokaci guda, Saker Falcons ba sa farauta kusa da nasu mazauna, kuma ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna son yin amfani da wannan gaskiyar.
Saker falcon yana neman ganima, a matsayin mai mulkin, kusa da ruwa, kusa da kankara ko bishiyoyi, wato a yankin da ake bayyane sosai. Yin sadaukarwa yana tafe wa wanda aka azabtar da saurinsa, wani lokacin ma yana iya kaiwa kilomita dari biyu da hamsin a awa daya. Tunda tsuntsun ya tashi zuwa abincin, tsuntsun baiyi kasa da kai ba. A wannan yanayin, mai saker ba ya karɓar raunin da ya faru, duk dalilin shine kwanyar mai ƙarfi da haɗin gwiwa.
Tsuntsu yana kashe wanda aka azabtar dashi da saurin walƙiya kuma cikin natsuwa: fadowa a kusurwa ta dama, ya tsananta shi sosai a gefe. A matsayinka na mai mulki, mutuwa tana faruwa nan take. Idan wannan bai faru ba, sai mahimmin ya sake busawa na biyu, ta hanyar kashe wanda aka kashe. Tsuntsu yana shan abinci nan da nan a wurin ko ya kai shi zuwa gida.
Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Saker Falcon
Balaban ana samun sa a cikin dazuzzuka masu daji, jeji, ko ciyawa, da kuma sauran wuraren zama da ke da tsaunukan bishiyoyi, kankara, ko tarin lantarki, musamman kusa da ruwa. Ana iya ganinsa yana kan dutsen ko itace mai tsayi, inda zaka iya bincika filin da ke kewaye dashi don samarwa.
Balaban ɗan ƙaura ne. Tsuntsaye daga arewacin yankin don farauta suna ƙaura sosai, amma tsuntsayen waɗanda ke da yawan mazauna kudu suna yin rayuwa mai tsayi tare da isasshen abinci. Tsuntsayen da ke yin hunturu a bakin gabar Tekun Red Sea a Saudi Arabia, Sudan da Kenya sun fi haifar yamma da manyan tsaunukan tsaunukan Asiya ta Tsakiya. Saker falcons yayi ƙaura musamman daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa Nuwamba, kuma mafi girman juyawa na ƙaura yana faruwa ne a tsakiyar watan Fabrairu - Afrilu, mutane na ƙarshe na ƙarshe sun isa ƙarshen Mayu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: farauta tare da saker wani shahararren nau'in falconry ne, wanda ba shi da ƙima ga sha'awar farauta tare da shaho. Tsuntsaye suna da alaƙa da maigidan, don haka mafarauta suna yaba su sosai.
Saker Falcons ba tsuntsaye bane na zamantakewa. Sun fi son kada su shigar da gidansu kusa da sauran nau'ikan kiwo. Abin takaici, saboda lalacewar mazauninsu, Saker Falcons an tilasta shi don kusanci da juna, fiye da kowane lokaci. A cikin wuraren da ke da wadataccen abinci, hakanan galibi galibi ke nan kusa. Nisa tsakanin nau'ikan nau'i-nau'i daga nau'i uku zuwa hudu a kowane kilogiram na 0.5 ² zuwa nau'i-nau'i wanda ke a cikin nisa na 10 km ko fiye a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka da tsintsaye. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine nau'i biyu kowane 4-5.5 km.
Kawar dabbobi
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, mutum ya kasance "sarki" na duka duniya:
- Ana kiyaye yawan ci gaban alumma,
- Mutum ne kawai ke iya yin babban tasiri ga yanayin,
- Mutane sun lalata yawancin dabbobi, babu wani maɓallin da zai iya kwatanta mu tare da wannan alamar,
- Tare da haɓaka fasaha, matakin tasiri ya fara girma a yanayin bala'i.
Haka ne, hakika, meteorite guda ɗaya ko fashewar dutsen mai yawa ya haifar da lahani mai yawa wanda duk ɗan adam "yana cikin murmushin mugunta. Mutane ba za su iya kwatanta su da bala'o'i ba idan batun batun makamashin nukiliya ne.
- A duk ƙasashe masu wayewa, akwai wasu ƙayyadaddun abubuwa kan ayyukan mafarauta,
- Akwai wani littafi mai littafin Red da sauran jeri da yawa waɗanda aka jera su da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka riga aka jera,
- An kirkiro Zapovedniks kuma ana gabatar da shirye-shirye don kula da yawan dabbobin mutum,
- Masu fafutukar da ba sa nuna damuwa ga makomar dukkan abubuwa masu rai suna yin nasarar yaki da haramtattun ayyukan mutane da da hukumomi baki daya.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Falcon Saker Falcon
Don jawo hankalin mace, maza suna shiga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki a cikin iska, kamar sauran wakilan dangin falcon. Maza Saker Falcons yayi yawa a yankunansu, suna yin kara. Sun kawo karshen tashin jiragensu ta hanyar sauka a kusa da wurin da ya dace da wurin farauta. A cikin kusanci da abokin tarayya ko abokin tarayya na gaba, saker yana yiwa juna rauni.
Maza yawanci ke ciyar da mace yayin haila. Yayin kokarin neman abokin tarayya, namiji zaiyi tawo tare da rataye abincin, ko kuma ya kawo wa mace a kokarin nuna cewa shi mai bayar da abinci ne mai kyau. Brood yana da ƙwai 2 zuwa 6, amma yawanci adadinsu yana daga 3 zuwa 5. Bayan sanya ƙwai na uku, farawar ciki, yana daga kwanaki 32 zuwa 36. Gabaɗaya, kamar yadda yake da yawancin falsafa, zuriya maza ke haɓaka da sauri sama da 'yan mata.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Youngan kajin an rufe su da mura kuma ana haife su da idanunsu, amma suna buɗe su bayan fewan kwanaki. Suna da molts biyu kafin su kai ga ɗaukar girman manya. Wannan na faruwa ne yayin da suke ƙanana da shekara ɗaya.
Mata sun kai ga balaga kamar shekara guda kafin maza. Karnuka sun fara tashi tsakanin shekaru 45 zuwa kwana 50, amma suna ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin yankin wasu kwanaki na 30 zuwa 45, wani lokaci kuma ya fi tsayi. Idan akwai babbar hanyar abinci a yankin, zuriya na iya zama tare na ɗan lokaci.
Kasancewa a cikin gida, kajin na yi rawar jiki don jan hankalin iyayen idan sun kasance a ware, ko sanyi, ko kuma suna jin yunwa. Bugu da kari, mata na iya yin amo mai saurin “fashewar hanya” don karfafawa yaransu damar bude bekensu na abinci. Lokacin da brood ya ci abinci mai kyau, kajin suna samun wadatuwa fiye da yadda suke cikin brood tare da rashin abinci. A cikin kawance mai gamsarwa, kajin suna raba abinci, sannan kuma suna nazarin juna da zaran sun fara tashi. Akasin haka, idan babu ƙarancin abinci, kajin suna kiyaye abincinsu kuma suna iya ƙoƙarin sata abinci daga iyayensu.
Abokan halitta na balaban
Hoto: Saker Falcon a cikin hunturu
Saker Falcons basu da masaniyar dabbobin daji banda mutane. Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna da ƙarfi sosai. Ofayan dalilan da yasa masu sihiri ke daraja su shine, yanke shawarar zaɓar wanda aka azabtar dashi, sai suka dage sosai. Balaban yana bin abin da ya ci har abada ba tare da ɓoye ba.
A da, an yi amfani da su don kai farmaki kan babban wasa kamar dezelle. Tsuntsu suna bin wanda aka kama har sai da ya kashe dabbar. Saker Falcons suna da haƙuri, mafarauta marasa ma'ana. Sukan yi yawo a cikin iska ko suna zaune na awanni a kan matattakalarsu, suna kallon ganima kuma suna gyara ainihin inda aka nufa. Mata kusan kullum suna mamaye maza. Wani lokacin sukanyi kokarin sacewa junan su.
Wannan nau'in na fama da:
- lantarki girgiza kan layin wuta,
- rage wadatuwar samarwa sakamakon asara da lalacewar tururuka da bushe-bushe sakamakon karuwar noma, da kafa tsibi,
- raguwa a matakin kiwo na tumaki, kuma a sanadiyyar raguwar yawan kananan tsuntsaye,
- kama saboda ɓarnuwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarewar jama'a a cikin gida,
- amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da ke haifar da guba ta biyu.
A shekara, yawan Saker Falcons da aka kama yana a matakin tsuntsaye 6 825 8 400. Daga cikin waɗannan, mafi yawan (77%) ƙananan mata ne, kuma 19% na manya manya, 3% na ƙananan maza da 1% na mazan manya, waɗanda ke haifar da mummunan lila a cikin yawan mazauna daji.
Lambar
Shekaru 40 da suka wuce, Saker Falcon ya mamaye sararin hamada, yankin yanki da kuma gandun daji-steppe daga Austria da Bulgaria zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin matakan dajin-daji na Eurasia wanda mutum ya mallake shi, ya sami mu'ujiza tsira daga "budurwar ƙasa tashi" da zamanin DDT. Amma ɗan iska ya hallaka ta hanyar zarin mutum.
A cikin 70s. an fara fitar da mai a ƙasashen larabawa na larabawa da sheikh waɗanda ke da wadatar arziki kafin idanunsu su farfaɗo da ɓarnar ɓarna daga rashin zama. Saker, kamar a lokacin mamayewa daga Hun da kuma yayin da ake fada daular Genghis Khan, ya zama alama ce ta iko da dukiya, kuma a lokaci guda abin alfahari da mai da gabashin ya yi. Sun fara kama Sokolov a cikin dubbai kuma nau'in sun fara hankali da daidaito ga layin haɗari, lalata.
Tuni a cikin 70s. Saker Falcons ya ɓace a cikin tudun yammacin Kazakhstan, a cikin 80s. - a cikin dajin-steppe na yankin Volga, kuma a tsakiyar 90s. - kuma a cikin duka yankin steppe da gandun daji-steppe yankin na Turai na Rasha. Yawancin nau'in halittar yau da kullun, wanda aka kiyasta yawan mutanen duniya a dubun dubun nau'i-nau'i, ya zama mafi wuya sosai, yawan adadin a halin yanzu bai wuce 15,000 nau'i-nau'i ba. A Rasha, ba fiye da gida biyu dubu biyu ba, an fi mayar da hankali ne a kudancin Siberiya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Photo: Menene wani saker yayi kama?
Binciken bayanan da aka samu ya haifar da ƙimar yawan jama'ar duniya 17,400 - 28,800 nau'i-nau'i, tare da mafi yawan lambobin China (3,000-7,000 nau'i-nau'i), Kazakhstan (nau'i-nau'i 4,808-5,628), Mongolia (2792-6980 nau'i-nau'i) da Rasha (5700- 5700- Nau'i biyu (7300). Estimatedaramar mutanen Turai ana kimanta kusan 350-500 nau'i-nau'i, wanda yayi daidai da 710-990 mutane da suka manyanta. Yawan jama'a a cikin Turai kuma tabbas a Mongolia yana ƙaruwa a halin yanzu, amma an kiyasta yanayin ɗimbin jama'a azaman marasa kyau ne.
Idan muka ɗauka cewa tsararrakin ya wuce shekaru 6.4, kuma adadin wannan nau'in ya riga ya fara raguwa (aƙalla a wasu yankuna) har zuwa shekarun 1990, jigon rayuwar jama'a sama da shekaru 19 na 1993-2012 ya yi daidai da raguwar 47% (bisa ga ƙididdigar matsakaita) tare da mafi ƙarancin raguwa na 2-75% kowace shekara. Ganin mahimmancin rashin tabbas game da ƙididdigar yawan amfani da aka yi amfani da su, a cewar bayanan farkon, wannan nau'in an rage shi da akalla 50% akan ƙarni uku.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masu Saker Falconers sun fi son Balobanov saboda girman su, wanda ke haifar da daidaito tsakanin maza da mata. A zahiri, kusan kashi 90% na kusan abubuwan fashewa 2000 da aka kama a kowace shekara yayin ƙaurawar kaka shine mata.
Waɗannan alƙaluman suna da tabbas, tunda ana kama wasu kuma ana siyar da su ba bisa ƙa'ida ba sannan a fitar da su, don haka ba shi yiwuwa a gano ainihin adadin sakab da aka ƙone cikin daji kowace shekara. Kyanda sun fi sauƙi don horarwa, saboda haka mafi yawan tarkuna waɗanda ke da kusan shekara guda. Bugu da kari, da yawa daga cikin bokaye suna sakin dabbobinsu, saboda a cikin watanni mai zafi akwai wahala a kula dasu, kuma tsuntsaye da yawa masu horarwa suke gudu.