- Gano
- Shuke-shuke
- Bishiyoyi
- Ganye
- Mai cancanta
- Girma
- Namomin kaza
- Ciyar mai
- M
- Mai cancanta
- Dafa
- Dabbobi
- Dabbobi
- Tsuntsaye
- Tsarin gandun daji
- Kafaffun kafa
- Mai cancanta
- Al'adar
- Hutun
- Imani
- Halittu
- Shuke-shuke
- .Irƙira
- Sanya hoto
- Rubuta Labari
- Faɗa min game da wurin
- Samu wahayi
- Taswirorin Fina Finan Sama
- Yanayi
- Mutane
- Dabbobi
- Shuka duniya
- Labarin kasa
- Yanayi
- Tsarin gine-gine
- Taswirorin Fina Finan Sama
- Tafiya
- Kare
- Karin magana
- Yanayi
- Yanayi
- Yanayin
- Shuke-shuke
- Dabbobi
- Shirye-shirye
- Labarun
- Rubuta Labari
-
Cire littafi, rubuta labarai a cikin Litattafai, a haɗe zuwa Wurare, Yanki, tsire-tsire, dabbobi, bari dubunnan mutane su gan su!
Yankin daji yana jiran labarunku!
- Karin magana
- Shafukan Gudanar da Yanki na Yanki
- Yankin kogin, wuraren shakatawa na gargajiya, da sauransu. Yawanci, Wuraren suna cikin ofasashe
- Wuraren tarihi, wuraren jan hankali da sauran abubuwa a taswira
Tun zamanin da, mutane suna girmama juna kuma suna tsoro Wolf ɗin, an kira shi ɗan ɗan'uwansa, sun tsoratar da 'ya'yansa, sun haɗa Legends da retellings game da shi. Halin ƙyamar wolf da kanta yayi yawa sosai, gami da coyotes da diloli, amma haka ne kyarkeci ya zama magabatan gida kai tsaye da na kusa.
Wolf ɗin - Babban mai farashi mai adalci daga dangin dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda a baya za'a iya samun kusan ko'ina cikin Russia da CIS. Amma saboda yawancin matsaloli da ke haifar da ci gaban fasaha, mazaunin waɗannan dabbobin ya ragu sosai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata.
Sunan kanta "ƙyarkeci"Ya zo daga tsohuwar harshen Slavic, yana da dogon tushen Indo-Turai kuma yana ma'ana a zahiri"ja"Ko" ja. "
Ya bayyana cewa dangin Wolf suna da faɗi sosai - akwai kusan ashe guda 32 na kyarketai, amma a cikin ƙasar Rasha akwai manyan guda shida kawai - tundra, gandun Rasha ta Tsakiya, Mongolian, Caucasian, Siberian da steppe.
Me karnukan kyarkeci ke ci?
Babban Abincin Wolf sanya dabbobi cikin abubuwan dogaro da mazauninsu. Zai iya zama reindeer, dawakai, barewa, aladu, muzurai, awaki, da daji da mai gida.
A cikin yankuna na hamada, Wolves ta farauta a kan kwari da tumaki. Dangane da fadada ayyukan mutum da gabatarwar mutum zuwa cikin yanayin zaman karnukan karnuka, harin magabaci kan gonaki na dabbobi ya faru.
Amma ƙyarkeci koyaushe raguwa saboda rashin abinci da kuma farautarsu koyaushe. A cikin lokuta masu wahala, Wolves na iya ciyar da frogs, lizards, har ma da manyan kwari. A wasu lokuta sukan ci berries, namomin kaza da 'ya'yan itatuwa, kuma a lalata ƙishirwarsu za su iya washe ciyawar kankana ko guna.
Ina Wolf take zaune?
Wolves Ka fi son tsibiri kuma zaɓi wuraren ɗakin kwana ko tuddai tare da ciyayi mai tsabta da yanayin yanayi mai kyau.
Buɗe Wolves Yawancin lokaci yana rufe yanki na 30 zuwa 60 kilomita kuma yana fifita hanyar zama. Amma a cikin lokacin bazara-bazara, wannan ɓangaren ya kasu kashi-kashi daidai da matsayi na fakitin: mafi kyau yana zuwa Wolves masu ƙarfi.
Hakanan, ana iya samun Volkov a cikin arewa a cikin taiga da tundra kusa da ƙauyukan ɗan adam.
Kayan kyankyasai kuma ku fahimci cewa duk inda mutum yake, koyaushe kuna iya samun abin da za ku ci. Kuma kodayake suna cutar da aikin gona, a gefe guda, suna kuma daidaita ma'aunin yanayin yanayi, sarrafa adadin dabbobi da yin abubuwa masu tsari na gandun daji.
Kiwo Wolves
Lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin Wolves yana daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu. Wolves suna cikin aure kuma suna haifar da rayuwar iyali, ma'aurata suna manne tare har sai ɗayan abokan tarayya sun mutu.
Ita dai kishiyar-macen ba ta yarda da jima'i ga namiji ba kafin farawar ta. Yaƙi na zalunci don kula da mata, galibi mai yawan mutuwa, abu ne na al'ada a tsakanin Wolves.
She-Wolves kai ga balaga cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, da Wolves a cikin shekaru 3.
Wolves suna da estrus 1 kawai a cikin shekara ta hanyar da aka haife karnukan wolf a lokacin bazara mai ɗumi, lokacin da akwai wadataccen abinci a kusa.
Wolf biyu Da farko, za ta kula da wani wurin aminci ga zuriya mai zuwa. Zai iya zama wurare daban-daban wurare daban-daban, kuma ramuka na baƙi na badgers ko dawakai arctic, ramuka na kansu da wuya.
Kawai She-Wolf tana amfani da keken, ta kuma yi hulɗa da ilimin ƙananan cuban wolf, wanda da farko sun yi kama da 'yar karen karen kare. Yawancin lokaci, ana haihuwar olfan wolf 3 zuwa 13 a cikin karnukan shegiya, kuma duk garken na taimaka musu wajen ciyar da su.
Amma duk da tsayawa tsayin daka daga iyaye da sauran Wolves, a farkon shekarar rayuwa kawai 20-40% tsira. Wannan shi ne saboda cuta, rashin abinci da gasa a cikin dangi, lokacin da ppan kuliyoyi masu ƙarfi suke samun abinci da ƙanƙanni marasa ƙarfi a hankali suna mutuwa.
Bayyanar
Yawan nauyi da girman wadannan dabbobi na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin rayuwa. Tsawon wannan magabaci a ƙusoshin zai iya kasancewa daga 65 zuwa 85 santimita, kuma tsawon tsayin jikin mutum ya kai 100 - 155 santimita, tare da nauyin kilo 30 zuwa 60, kuma mai yiwuwa ƙari. Wolf, wanda shekarunsa suka kusan shekara guda, ya kai kimanin kilo 25, kuma har yakai shekaru 3 suna samun nauyi kimanin kilo 40. Bayan shekaru 3 na rayuwa, samun nauyi kusan kilo 55, kyarkeci ana ganin “mai zamani”.
A bayyanar, kyarkeci suna da matsakaicin kama ga karnuka masu dogaye da ƙafafun ƙarfi, har da ƙafafu masu girma. Abun yatsan tsakiya yana wurin tare da wasu turawa zuwa gaba, saboda haka sawun ƙyar kunnyar ba zata rikita shi tare da waƙoƙin wasu dabbobi ba. An bambanta Wolves ta hanyar shugaban kai mai fadi da babban rauni, wanda ke da ɗan ci gaba. Zzlearfin ma ya bambanta a wasu bayyanar, wanda ke sa ya bambanta tsakanin fuskoki da yawa na mai farashi. Kwanyar mai ƙaddara tana da tsayi, babba da girma, kuma buɗe hanci ta kasance babba, tana fadada ƙasa.
Mai ban sha'awa don sani! Sawun kyarkeci yana da bambance-bambance daga sawun karen. Da farko, yatsunsu na gefen sun zama sun fi mayar da kan su baya, kuma duniyan, kamar yadda yake, ana ci gaba da zama a dunƙule. Abu na biyu, kerket din yana da madaidaicin “hanyar” da dabbar ta bari.
Wutsiyar ƙyarkeke tana da-kama da kauri, koyaushe ƙasa. Ya kamata a saka kulawa ta musamman akan tsarin haƙƙin haƙƙin na magojin. A saman muƙamuƙin maƙiyin akwai akwai incisors 6, biyu na canines, premolars takwas da motsi huɗu, kuma a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi akwai ƙarin motsi biyu. Fanarurrukan maharbin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin rayuwa, tunda suna taimakon maƙiyin farauta ta hanyar riƙewa da jan ganima. Idan kyarkeci ya rasa tsatsotsinsa, to ana tsammanin yunwar zata kare.
Ruwan wando na ƙyallen ƙyallen biyu ne, mai kauri da ƙari. Bugu da kari, suturar tana da wahala sosai kuma tana da ruwa da datti mai kazanta. Godiya ga farin da ke jikinta, wolf ba ta tsoron kowane sanyi. Launin kowa kuma ya dogara ne da yanayin zama. Wolves ɗin da ke zama a cikin gandun daji suna da launin toka-launin toka, kuma maƙaddara da ke zaune a cikin tundra kusan fararen fata ne. Masu bambancin dake zaune a cikin hamada suna bambanta da launin toka mai launin toka-mai launin toka da shuɗi. A lokaci guda, karnukan wolf suna da launi mai launi da duhu da haske, kuma yayin da suke girma da haɓaka, tabarau zata zama mai haske kuma ta zama mara nauyi. Koda al'umma ɗaya koda na iya haɗawa da mutane waɗanda launin su yafi canzawa.
Halin dabbobi
- Paarfin paɗi ya fi na kare girma, kuma saboda yatsunsu biyu na haɓaka biyu, shi ma yana da ɗanɗaɗɗa.
- Kwanyar kwanyar ta talakawa tana da girma da girma. An baiwa kai mai kaifin baki da kuma manyan goshi. Wannan shi ne ɗayan manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin mai farauta da dawakai da karnuka. Kuma har ila yau dabbar tana iya bayyana yadda take ji da taimakon fuskokin fuskoki: nutsuwa, haushi, fushi, tsoro, fushi.
- Hakora suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Suna iya yin tsayayya da babban kaya, tunda su ne manyan makanganun magabatan samun abinci da kuma kariya daga makiya. Idan dabbar ta buge da motsi ko mayaƙa, to ya zama tawaya kuma ba ta da kariya.
- Kyakkyawan wutsiyar wolf kuwa ko yaushe yana tsallakewa kuma baya birgima kamar zoben kare. Amma wutsiya zata iya sanin yanayin dabbar.
Jawo dabbar ya ƙunshi yadudduka biyu, don haka kyarkeci ya fi girma. Babban Layer shine babban gashi mai kauri wanda ke kare jiki daga datti da danshi. Layerasan da ke ƙasa shine ɗanɗano mai launin toka wanda ke kiyaye dabba a cikin hunturu daga sanyi. Launin launuka na waje ya bambanta cikin biyan kuɗi. Kyarketan Tibet yana da furcin haske, mazaunin gandun daji shine launin toka-mai launin shuɗi, dabbobin da suke zaune a jeji suna da ja.
Maƙaddara tana da mafi kyawun ma'anar ƙanshi da ji, ɗan gani kaɗan. Idan ganima yana nesa da nisan mil 3, to hanci na ƙyar ya koye ta. Bayan haka, dabbar tana watsa bayani game da kusancin abinci ga dangin sa ta hanyar sakon sauti. Wannan hanyar sadarwa tana taimakawa karnukan karnuka da yawa a farauta. Ban da hayaniya, maharbi zai iya yin kuka, gumi, kururuwa, haushi, kuka.
Ta hanyar dabi'unsu, karnukan kwantar da hankula ne, masu hankali, dabbobi marasa daidaituwa. Kyakkyawan dangin wadanda zasu kare cikakkiyar mace da zuriya daga harin wasu mahara.
Iri daban-daban na karnukan karnuka
- Jauron doki (dutsen) ƙwaya ce da ke cikin haɗari. Wata irin giciye ce tsakanin dawakai, kyarkeci da dawakai. Maƙaddara tana da ƙarami idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinta: matsakaicin nauyi shine kilogiram 21, tsayinsa yakai 110 cm. Kuma wutsiya, kamar yadda take faruwa da dawakai, dogaye kuma mara nauyi, tare da baƙar fata. Ragowar jiki yana fentin launin ruwan hoda ko inuwarta. Subsungiyoyin masu tallafi suna zaune a tsaunuka da kuma mashahuran a kan ƙasashen Tsakiya da Kudancin Asia.
- Mutane na Arewacin Amurka - wani yanki ne na launin toka da jan kyar. Jawo mafi yawanci launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa ne da gashin baki a bayan baya. A cikin kafadu, girma ya kai 80 cm, kuma nauyi - 40 kg. Suna ciyar da galibi akan muzukan da beraye. Suna zaune a cikin gandun daji daga kudu maso gabashin lardin Kanada na Quebec.
- Ikon Eurasi. Sanarwar ta waje tana kama da takwarorin na Arewacin Amurka, amma tana da kauri mara nauyi. Launi yana da bambanci sosai: zaku iya samun m, fari, launin toka, ulu baƙi. A Gabashin Turai, an samo ƙananan mutane, kuma manyan nau'ikan suna zaune a Rasha.
- Olfungiyar wolf itace mafi kyawun wakilcin jinsin. Tana da daskararren dusar ƙanƙan wuta, wacce take cika daskarar da dabbar a yankuna Arctic. Maza suna girma zuwa 1.5 m kuma suna auna kimanin kilogram 85.
- Wolf ɗin wundra wata ƙasa ce wacce take da ɗan taƙaitaccen bayani. Ya yi kama da takwarorin aikin sa na polar, amma bai fi su daraja ba. Thearfin mai ƙaddara bai wuce kilo 50 ba. Jawo mai launin toka mai launin shuɗi da inuwarta, amma kuma ana samun farin mutane. Fika na zaune a cikin tundra na Siberian da tundra daji na Turai.
- Talakawa ko Grey Wolf shine mafi girman wakilcin irinsu. Jikinsa ya kai mita 1.5 a tsawonsa, kuma kafadarsa ya kai cm cm 6. Maƙaddara tana da nauyin kilogram 32-60, kuma a cikin wakilan arewa nauyin zai iya kaiwa kilogram 80. Launin launi ya dogara da mazaunin mazauni. Mazaunan gandun daji yawancin launin shuɗi-baki ne, mazaunan tundra fari ne, kuma karnukan hamada suna da ja. Akwai masu farauta a Turai, Asiya, Arewacin Amurka.
Dukkan karnuka suna da abu ɗaya a cikin abu guda - suna da alaƙa da masu farauta waɗanda ke da haɗari ga mutane. Koyaya, waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwar dabbobi ba su da haɗari da farko kuma, a duk lokacin da ya yiwu, yi ƙoƙarin guje wa haɗuwa da mutane.
Habitat
Dabbar tana zama a kan iyakar ƙasashen Turai da yawa: Italiya, Spain, Russia (sai Sakhalin da tsibirin Kuril), Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Scandinavia, da kuma ƙasashen Baltic. A cikin Asiya, mazaunin ya hada da ƙasashe: Korea, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Georgia, da kuma parti China. A Arewacin Amurka, ana iya samun masu farauta daga Alaska zuwa Mexico. A Japan, duk ƙananan biyan kuɗi sun ƙare. Wolf ɗin da sauri yana dacewa da yanayin muhalli, saboda haka yana iya kasancewa cikin sauƙi a kowane ƙasa. Koyaya, ya yi ƙoƙarin kauce wa gandun daji mai yawa kuma ya fi son gandun daji, tundra, da steppes. Tare da kewaye da wurin da kuke so, garken yana alamta alamun alamari. A lokacin bazara, yankuna da aka mamaye sun kasu kashi uku, mafi kyawun abin da yake zuwa yawancin maza biyu.
Kiwo da kuma ciyar da 'ya'yan
Masu ɗaukar hoto suna zaune cikin fakitoci wanda kusan dukkanin mutane suna da alaƙa da dangin dangi. A shugabancin dangi shine shugaba da mace, sannan akwai wasu manya manya, karnuka karnuka da karnuka sun hau kan karagar mulki. Maza sun zama masu balaga yayin da suka shekara 3, kuma mace tana da shekara 2. A wannan zamani, dabbobi sun fara neman abokin tarayya, amma galibi ba su cikin da'irar fakitin su, amma a wajen sa. A dabi'ance su, mafarautan daji suna da yawa. Ma'auratan sun kasance da aminci ga juna har sai ɗayan abokan sun mutu. Daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu, karnukan karnukan suna da lokacin kiwo. A wannan lokacin, ga 'yantar mata wadanda suka kai ga balaga, gwagwarmaya tana gudana tsakanin maza don kulawa. Sakamakon haka, kyarkeci mai nasara da wanda ya zaɓa ya zama ma'aurata. Abokan haɗin gwiwa nan da nan sun fara neman wurin da zai dace da ɗaukar ciki da haihuwar cuban wolf. Wannan yakamata ya zama kogon da aka ɓoye daga idanuwan prying (bishiyoyi, ƙaramin kogo a cikin duwatsun ko ɓoyayyun wasu dabbobi), daga inda kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da yankin zai buɗe.
Kafin kai hari kan mace ta mace, dabbobi suna nuna halaye na kwarai. Suna lura da su, suna rainawa kuma suna kula da abokin tarayya ta kowace hanya. Lokacin da yanayin haila ya fara a cikin warin kyarkeci (wanda ya kai har sati biyu sau daya a shekara), ma'auratan sukan shiga cikin kogon su don ma'aurata, wanda ke faruwa lokacin da ovulation ya fara. Ciki yakan yi makonni 9 (bai wuce kwanaki 65 ba) kuma ya ƙare da haihuwar ofan 3 zuwa 13. Haihuwar an haife shi makaho ne kuma sai makonni biyu na rayuwarsu suka fara gani a fili. Da farko, thea eatan suna cin madara, sannan mahaifiyar ta ciyar da su da ɗan abin sha daga naman da aka ci. Iyaye da sauran fakitin suna kawo ganima da aka yanka wa yaran da suka girma. Kowane kyarkeken ya tabbatar cewa zuriyar ya cika. A watanni 2, 'ya' yan zakoki a bar gidajensu a takaice su fara sanin mahimmancin farauta. Kuma a farkon lokacin kaka, sun sami damar shiga cikin bin dabbobin tare da manya mambobi na fakitin.
Yanayi ya dauki ciki cewa 'yan' yan Wolves za su zo duniya a bazara, lokacinda ya rigaya ya kasance mai dumama kuma za'a iya samun abinci mai yawa. Koyaya, ragin tsira yana ƙasa ƙasa - 20-40%. Sauran mutanen suna rayuwa na kusan shekaru 15, kuma sun fara shekaru kusan 12.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Dabbar tana zama ɗayan manyan haruffa a cikin labarun al'adun Rasha. Kuma tsakanin mutanen arewa, kyarkeci ba shine na ƙarshe ba a cikin labarin almara.
- A lokacin Tsararru, mutane sun yarda cewa mafaraucin abokin aikin shaidan ne. Legends an hada da dabbar, wanda washelf (werewolf) suka taka babban rawa.
- A kan tsoffin suttura na makamai na iyalai na Turai zaku iya samun hoton kerkeci, wanda ya kasance alama ce ta cin nasara akan abokan gaba. Kuma mutane da yawa ta hanyar suturar makamai sun nuna cewa tseren su ya samo asali daga washelf.
- Kafin muhimmiyar yaƙin, 'yan Vikings sun sanya fatalwar Wolves kuma har ma sun sha jininsu.
- A tsohuwar Roma, mata suka wakilci kyakkyawa da yin jima'i, don haka ana kiran karuwai “she-Wolves”.
- Don samar da sabbin dabbobin, karnukan karnuka musamman tare da karnuka. Ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen da aka yi nasara, ya yiwu a kawo karen karnukan wutsiya Sarlos da kuma karnukan wolf na Czechoslovak.
- Tun da farko, ana kiran ƙasar Ireland Wolf Land, tunda yawan garken da ke zaune a ƙasarta ya yi yawa sosai.
Sau da yawa, dabbar za ta ɗauki nauyin jaruma mara kyau ta taimaka wa sojojin duhu. Amma a cikin tatsuniyoyi da ɗaukakar mutanen Arewa, kyarkeci, wanda ya ba da ƙarfin zuciya da ƙarfi, an misalta shi a matsayin mai kare zuciyar kuma yana nuna aminci da sadaukarwa ga gidan, dangi.
Juyin Halitta
Ana tsammanin magabacin wolf ne Canis lepophagus, karamin wakilin gidan canine mai kunkuntar kwanyar, wanda ya zauna a Miocene ta Arewacin Amurka kuma, wataƙila, shine asalin magabacin coyote. Bayan shafewa borophages, babban nau'in canine, C. lepophagus ya karu da girman jiki da fadin kwanyar. Burbushin wannan nau'in da aka samo a arewacin Texas na iya zama wakilin magabatan dukkan karnukan karnuka na zamani. Farkon karnukan kyar na farko sun fara bayyana a farkon Pleistocene, kimanin shekaru 1,800,000 da suka gabata. Daga cikinsu akwai Canis priscolatrans, wani ɗan ƙaramin nau'in da ke kama da kyarkeci mai wutsiya ta zamani, yana sarrafa Eurasia ta hanyar Beringia. Sabuwar Eurasi C. priscolatrans a hankali ya canza zuwa C. mosbachensisyana kama da karnukan zamani. Ya zama ruwan dare gama duniya a farkon farawar Quaternary zuwa shekaru 500,000 da suka gabata kuma daga baya aka canza zuwa Canza lupus.
Nazarin DNA na mitochondrial ya nuna cewa akwai aƙalla layin haihuwa 4 na kyarkeci, mafi tsufa wanda shine layin Afirka, wanda ya bayyana a tsakiyar Lle Pleistocene. Sauran layin mallakar reshen Indiya ne. Daga cikin waɗannan, layin dolar Himalayan, wanda ya bayyana shekaru 800,000 da suka gabata, a lokacin manyan canje-canje na canjin yanayin ƙasa da yanki a cikin Himalayan, ana ɗauka mafi tsufa. Kyarke Indiya (Canjin maganin cutar kansa) rabu da Himalayan kimanin shekaru 400,000 da suka gabata. Sabuwar layin Wolf shine wolf Tibet (Canus lupus chanco), dan asalin garin Kashmir, wanda ya bayyana shekaru 150,000 da suka gabata. Wannan layin, wanda aka sani da tasirin Holarctic, ya bazu zuwa Turai da Arewacin Amurka, kamar yadda musayar alamun alamomin DNA tsakanin karen gida, Turai da ƙyar Amurka ta Arewa.
Wolf ɗin Japan da ta shuɗe yanzu, tana daga zuriyar babban kyar na Siberiya, wanda ya mamaye yankin Koriya a cikin Pleistocene da Japan, lokacin tana yankin ɓangare na Asiya. A lokacin Holocene, Sangar Strait ya rabu da Honshu daga Hokkaido, yana haifar da canjin yanayi wanda ya haifar da lalata yawancin yawancin mazaunan tarin tsibirin, kuma kerukan Jafaniyan sun sha wahala matsanancin tsibiri. Hokkaido Wolf (Canis lupus hattai) ya kasance mafi tsayi fiye da danginsa na Kudancin - kidan Japan Chondos (Canis lupus hodophilax), da samun damar cin abinci mafi girma da ci gaba da musayar kwayoyin halitta tare da kyarke Siberiya.
A ƙarshen Holocene Canza lupus kwace Arewacin Amurka. Babbar, mummunan kyarke da ya rayu a ciki (Cutar Canis) ya mutu shekara 8,000 da suka wuce saboda ɓacewar yawancin kayan abincin. Gasar tare da kyarke "mai launin toka" da ke fitowa karami da ƙarairayi ya haɓaka wannan aiki. Bayan bacewar "mummunan" kyarkeci, "launin toka" ya ƙaru kuma ya yaɗu ko'ina.
Wata murya
Yawan yanayi da yadda ake amfani da muryar kyarketai ya wuce karfin yawancin dabbobi (sai dai mutane da jemagu). Wolves suna yin saututtukan kamar hawaye, hawaye, sautin kuka, huɗa, ihu, yapping, screeching, haushi. Kowane sauti yana da babban adadin saɓani.
Halin da kyarkeci da waɗannan sautukan ke sane. Tare da taimakon murya, kyarkeci na iya isar da saƙo mai rikitarwa - game da samo wata dabba a wani wuri. Don haka, masanin binciken Farley Mowet ya lura a cikin tundra na Kanada ta yaya, tare da sarkar karnukan wutsiyoyi, suna yada bayanan nesa masu zurfi cewa damisar da suke tsammanin sun koma kudu kuma suna can. A wannan yanayin, kyarkeci ya fara sauraron bayanin da ke zuwa daga wata kyarkeci, wanda zai iya yin nisan mil takwas. Daga nan mai watsawa ya sake jifa kansa da baya yana ta rawar jiki: da farko yana da rauni, amma ya kare akan mafi girman bayanan da har yanzu kunnen mutum yake ganewa. Duba sakon kyarkeci game da gano naman daji ya tabbatar da wannan karar. Wolves iya fahimtar juna game da bayyanar mutane.
Alamar harin karnukan wolf itace kukan yaki daga jagoran shirya. Wannan sautin yana kama da ƙarawar kare mai saurin hawa kan mutum.
Wolves suna ta kuka da sanyin safiya ko faɗuwar rana, amma ba kowace rana ba. Hawayen suna farawa ne da solo na jagoran, wanda ya sha banban da hayan sauran mambobin fakitin. Sunyi dan lokaci kadan. Hare-tsaren kwalaji yakan ƙare da haushi mai fashewa.
Creatirƙirar murya mai gama-gari na fakitin alama ce ta rayuwar zamantakewa. Ictionara da karnukan wolf a gare shi yana da tushen tunani kuma yana ɓatar da matsayin kasancewa cikin fakitin. Hakanan hanya ce ta sadarwa tare da wasu fakitoci da 'yan uwan batattu.
Wasu mutane sun fahimci sautunan sauti da aka yi musayar tsakanin kyarketai, irin su Eskimo Utek, wanda F. Mowet ya sadu da shi.
Adaidaita
A yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta, an kirkiro jerin halaye na ilimin halitta a cikin kyarukan wolf wanda ke ba su damar yin tafiya mai nisa don neman abinci. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar kunkuntar kirji mai zurfi, ratsewar baya da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi. Suna sauƙaƙe a cikin nesa na kilomita da dama a saurin kilomita 10 / h, kuma a yayin bin za su iya kaiwa da saurin kilomita 65 / h, yayin da suke yin tsalle-tsalle har zuwa 5 m. Tsarin dabbobin dabbobin yana ba su damar jin 'yanci a yanayi daban-daban. shimfidar wurare, ciki har da cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Tsakanin yatsun akwai ƙananan membranes, saboda wanda aka rage takamaiman nauyin akan farfajiya, kuma masu ƙaddara sun sami damar motsawa cikin dusar ƙanƙan da sauri fiye da waɗanda abin ya shafa. Wani fasalin sifofin paws shine cewa Wolves, lokacin da suke motsawa, kada ku huta a kan ƙafa ɗaya, amma kawai a yatsunsu, shine, suna "kama da yatsa" - wannan hanyar motsi tana taimaka musu daidaita nauyin su. Hannun goshi ya fi girma a kafafun kafaffun kafa kuma suna da ƙarin (na biyar) yatsan vestigial daga ciki ta cikin metatarsus. Gashi mai taushi da tafin fuska suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da daidaiton wuri mai santsi, kuma tasoshin jini na musamman suna kiyaye paws daga hypothermia. Landsasassun ƙamshi waɗanda ke a kan paws tsakanin yatsunsu suna barin alamomin ganewa ga dabba, wanda a gefe guda, yana sauƙaƙa yanayin hangen nesa a ƙasa, a gefe guda kuma ya sanar da wasu kyarketai game da motsin shugaban. Wani fasalin da ke taimaka wa dabbobi su tsira a cikin matsanancin sanyi shi ne ƙarancin ɗamarar da ke tattare da Jawo (sau 1.2-1.5 ƙasa da yanayin zafi na muskrat da beaver konkoma karãtunsa).
Kamshin kamshi
Hankalin wari a cikin wolf yana da matukar girma. Zai iya gano ganima a nesa mai nisan kilomita 3. Fashin ƙyar wolf ya ninka mutum sau 14, ƙanshin karnukan warkoki sun fi 100 sau da yawa na mutane. Wolves sun bambanta kusan miliyan 200 na kamshin wari, mutane kawai miliyan 5. Ta hanyar wari, ƙyarkeci ya sami mafi yawan bayanan. Hanyar karba da watsa irin wannan bayanin, har da nau'ikan halayen da suka dace da binciken ƙanshi na abokan tarayya da barin alamun ƙanshi, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar dabbar. Tushen alamomin kamshi na iya zama fitsari, feces, har ma yau. Feces na iya ɗaukar bayanai ba kawai game da jinsin ba, amma tabbas game da filin dabbobi. Observedara yawan haɓaka alamar ƙanshi ke faruwa a cikin karnukan wolf lokacin taruwa da kuma ƙirƙirar sababbin nau'i-nau'i. Sifar halayyar a waɗannan halaye tana nuna alamar mutum biyu, yayin da urin namiji ya fitar da alamar urinary mace. A wannan yanayin, alamar ƙanshi na iya taimakawa wajen aiki tare da yin jima'i da kuma haɗuwa da juna. [ Ba a ayyana asalin ranar 2196 ba ]
Karatun da aka yi kwanan nan ya tabbatar da mahimmancin ƙyamar wolf na ƙwarewarsa ta wari. Daga cikin abubuwan lura guda hamsin da daya na farautar fakitin karnukan karnuka na munar a shari'o'in arba'in da biyu (82.35%), mafarautan sun gano mayu da yanayin ji da karancin lokaci. [ Ba a ayyana asalin ranar 2196 ba ]
Yankin
A cikin tarihi, a tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa, yawan kyarkeci ya mamaye yanki mafi girma na biyu bayan yawan mutane, yana rufe yawancin lardin Arewacin, kuma yanzu ya ragu sosai.
A cikin Turai, kyarkeci ya rayu a Spain, jihohin Baltic, Russia, Belarus, Portugal, Italiya, Poland, Scandinavia, Balkans, da Ukraine. A cikin Asiya, tana zaune a Koriya, wani ɓangaren China da yankin ruwan Indiya, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, arewa da Larabawa, a cikin Japan Canis lupus hodophilax da Canis lupus hattai. A Arewacin Amurka, ya tashi daga Alaska zuwa Mexico (a watan Nuwamba 2020, a kuri'ar raba gardama a Colorado, yawan jama'ar yankin za su kada kuri'a a kan zaɓin mai zaman kanta na nau'in haɗari, wanda zai iya ba da damar dawo da karnukan karnuka a cikin yanayin yankin). A Rasha, ba ya kasancewa ne kawai a wasu tsibirin (Sakhalin, tsibirin Kuril).
Rayuwa & Abinci
Wolf ƙwararriyar makiyaya ce da ke cin abinci ta hanyar bincika haɓaka da kuma bin diddigin waɗanda abin ya shafa.
Tushen karnukan kyarketai an same shi ne daga ungulates: reindeer in the tundra, muz, deer, deer, ciyawar daji a cikin gandun daji, da kuma kwari a cikin kwari da hamada. Wolves kuma suna kai hari ga dabbobin gida (tumaki, shanu, dawakai), gami da karnuka. Musamman karnukan karnuka masu kama da ƙananan ganima: hares, squirrels, rod-like rodents. A lokacin rani, karnukan kyarketai ba sa ɓatar da damar cin ƙwai da ƙwai, kajin suna zaune a gida ko kuma suna ciyarwa a gindin ƙasa, ciyawar ruwa da sauran tsuntsaye. Sau da yawa, ana kuma kama geese na cikin gida. Fuka-fukai, karnukan karnukan rakodi, a wasu lokutan yakan zama ganima ga karnukan karnuka, wani lokacin karnukan karnukan kishirwa suna kai hari a kogo. An yi rikodin shari'ar lokacin da tarin karnukan karnukan kyarkeci suka kai hari suka ci ɗan beyar. Akwai lokuta da yawa idan suka yatsu kuma suka ci dabbobin da suka raunana, da mafarauta suka ji rauni ko kuma suka ji rauni sosai a yayin yaƙin a cikin lokacin fitowar. Ba kamar sauran magabatanta ba, kyarkeci yakan koma zuwa wurin cin abin da ya ragu, amma a lokacin yunwar. Omnivores. Kada ku raina gawawwakin dabbobi, sai dai a gabar teku - gawawwakin hatimai da sauran dabbobin ruwa suna jefar da su. A lokacin wadatar abinci, karnuka suna cin dabbobi masu rarrafe, kwaɗi, har ma da manyan kwari (gwoza, ƙuraje). Wolves, musamman ma a cikin yankuna na kudu, kuma suna cin abincin shuka - berries daban-daban, 'ya'yan itace daji da' ya'yan itatuwa, har ma namomin kaza. A cikin steppes, sukan kai hari kankana da kankana da kankana, gamsarwa ba yawa yawa kamar ƙishirwa, saboda suna buƙatar ruwa na yau da kullun, da yawa.
Aiki galibi da daddare. Wolves sukan yi sanadin kasancewarsu tare da wani kukan mai ƙarfi, sun sha bamban da na maza, ƙwararan karnuka da dabbobi. Hayaniyar an yi niyya ne don sadarwa ta nesa-nesa na karnukan kyarkeci, sanarwa, bayyanar juna, yanayin sanin juna, bayanan sanarwa game da yankin, ladabtar da daidaikun mutane, da sauransu. Yayin farauta, karnuka, a matsayin mai mulkin, kada ku sa sautin da ba dole ba kuma kuyi shuru sosai, don kada a tsoratar da ganima. Daga cikin kwakwalwar waje, ƙyarkeci yana da mafi kyawun ji, haɓaka kaɗan - ma'anar wari, hangen nesa yafi rauni. Haɓaka aikin haɓaka mafi ƙoshin jijiyoyi a cikin kyarketai an haɗe shi da ƙarfi, ɓarna, saurin da sauran bayanan jiki waɗanda ke haɓaka damar wannan magabcin a cikin gwagwarmayar rayuwa. Idan ya cancanta, kyarkeci ya yi sauri zuwa 55-60 km / h kuma yana da ikon yin juyawa har zuwa kilomita 60-80 kowace dare. Kuma yana hanzartawa zuwa gallop cikin secondsan mintuna, sama da mita 4, bayan wannan yana riga yana sauri da sauri.
Lokacin da suke kai farmaki kan garken, karnukan karnukan daji sukan yanka dabbobi da yawa. Wolves sun bar naman da ba za'a iya ajiye su ba
A hankali, ƙyarkeci ya yi girma sosai. An bayyana wannan a cikin ikon kewaya mahallin da nisanta daga haɗari, kazalika da hanyoyin farauta. Cigaba sosai shine fasahar amfani da ayyukan gama gari. Akwai lokuta yayin da aka rarraba fakitin kyarkeci, wani sashi kuma ya kasance cikin masu kwanto, yayin da ɗayan ya kama abinsa. A cikin garken da ke bin gwiwar ko barewa, sau da yawa wasu kyarketai suna gudu da diddigin wanda aka azabtar, yayin da wasu suke ƙetare layi ko jin kunya a hankali kuma, bayan sun huta, sai su maye gurbin waɗanda suka ci gaba har sai sun yunƙurin wanda aka azabtar.
Hadari ga mutane
Ra'ayoyi game da haɗarin ƙyamar wolf ga mutane suna da rikitarwa. Masanin kimiyyar kimiyyar Soviet da na Rasha M.P. Pavlov ya kawo bayanai da yawa game da harin karnukan karnuka akan mutane. A wani muhimmin sashi na waɗannan lamuran, dabbobi masu tsatsauran ra'ayi sun kai hari, amma akwai lokuta da yawa na kai hari da ƙyar karnuka lafiya. Pavlov ya jawo hankali ga gaskiyar cewa a cikin yankin tsohuwar USSR, yawancin waɗannan shari'o'in sun danganta da takamaiman yankuna kuma yana ƙarasa da cewa karnukan karnuka suna tayar da hankalin mutane musamman a wuraren da ba su da kyau a cikin ganima. A irin wa annan wuraren, karnuka sun saba da ciyar da mutum kuma baya jin tsoron sa. A cikin littafin 'Birds on the Wire', V. M. Peskov ya kuma ba da rahoto game da harin karnukan karnuka a kan mutane, haka ma, a lokacin rani, yayin kiwo, lokacin da karnukan karnuka ke buƙatar abinci don zuriyarsu (duk da haka, ana lura da wannan gaskiyar ne a babban adadin karnukan karnuka). Babban yawan karnukan karnuka kuma yana da haɗari saboda yana haifar da yanayi don epizootics na rabies. A lokaci guda, wasu masu binciken Kanada da na Amurka sun kammala cewa karnukan karnukan Amurka na Arewacin Amurka suna da aminci ga ɗan adam. Marubucin Kanada Farley Mowet, a cikin littafin Kada Kada ku yi: “Wolves!”, Ya faɗi cewa karnukan karnuka ba sa kai hari ga masu bincike ko da sun shiga rami. Koyaya, akwai rahotannin keɓaɓɓen lokuta na kai hari akan ɗan adam akan karnukan Arewacin Amurka.
Isticsididdigar yawan karnukan golf kan mutane a Rasha
- 1844 - ƙauyen Kuchinovka, gundumar Grodnitsky, lardin Chernihiv - yara shida sun sha wahala daga karnuka.
- 1844-1847, sannan kuma a cikin 1850 - Lardin Rogachev na lardin Mogilev na kai hari kan karnukan karnuka. Yara 9 suka mutu. A cikin gundumar Kamenets na lardin Podolsk, harin kunar bakin wake da aka yiwa kananan yara alama ce ta shekaru uku: a cikin 1844 - kashi ɗaya, a cikin 1849 - bakwai kuma a 1850 - ɗaya.
- 1846 - Bykovsky gundumar Mogilev - don kwanaki 65, daga Yuni 18 zuwa 23 ga Agusta, an yi rikodin karnukan wolf a kan yara sau 10.
- 1846 - Dagacin gundumar Derpt, lardin Livonia - karnukan karnuka na watanni 16, daga 11 ga Yuli zuwa 8 ga Satumba, sun yi hare-hare 16 kan yara.
- 1847 da 1848 - Ostrovsky gundumar Pskov - an lura da hare-hare hudu na karnukan karnuka akan yara.
- 1850 - Przemyslsky uyezd, lardin Kaluga - a watan Mayu, an kai hare-hare hudu kan yara. A cikin gundumar Slonim na lardin Grodno a farkon rabin watan Agusta 1850 da rabi na biyu na 1851, yara 12 ne suka mamaye.
- 1861 - Yamburg County, St Petersburg County - a cikin kwanaki 21, daga 25 ga Yuni zuwa 16 Yuli, an kai hare-hare biyar kan yara da kuma wani a cikin Oktoba na wannan shekarar.
- Gaba ɗaya, a cikin Rasha daga 1849 zuwa 1851, manya 260 da yara 110 sun mutu daga karnukan kyarkeci.
- 1920 - Voronezh gundumar a cikin dajin Ramon - kai hari kan wata mata.
- 1935 - Kuibyshev yankin, ƙauyen Kochetovka da Kanemenki - hari kan yara biyu.
- 1935 - Yankin Minsk, gundumar Borisov, kusa da ƙauyukan Kozly da Zachastce - sun kai hari kan yara biyu.
- 1936 - Yankin Minsk, gundumar Luban - kai hari kan yaro.
- 1937 - Luban gundumar Minsk yankin ya sha wahala daga karnukan karnukan dabbobi fiye da 16.
- 1940 - Gundumar Domanovic na yankin Minsk - hare-hare kan yara 8 da mata da yawa.
- 1944 - Yankin Kirov, gundumar Chernivsk - gonar gama gari "New Village" na Majalisar Villaarikar Alexander Village - kyarkeci ne ya cinye yarinya mai shekaru 8. A cikin Babban Birni na majalisar kauyen, Wolves a cikin adadin 9 ya lalata wata yarinya 'yar shekaru 14 da ke aiki a matsayin wasiƙa. A wata gona ta gama kai mai suna bayan Voroshilov na majalisar ƙauyen Burakovsky, kyarkeci ya kama ɗan yaro ɗan shekara ɗaya da rabi kusa da ƙauyen, amma saurayi ya tarar da shi kuma ya tsira. A filin “Giant” na karamar hukumar Mendeleev, wasu karnuka biyu sun far wa wata yarinya ‘yar shekara 12 wacce duk riguna suka tsinke. Yarinyar ta kasance da rai. A cikin babban majami'ar ƙauyen Big Ramensky a wurin gandun daji, karnuka biyu sun yage yarinya mai shekaru 16.
- 1945 - Georgia (gundumar Akhalkan da Bogranovsky) - hare-hare kan yara da yawa.
- 1945 - ƙauyen Dagestanskaya a yankin Tula - wani hari kan yara da dama. Yankin Kirov, gundumar Nemsky da Kirchansky - lokuta 3 na kai hari kan yara.
- 1946 - Yankin Voronezh, gundumar Polenovsky - hari kan yaro, an jawo yara biyu daga makarantar shiga kusa da tashar Bologoe na tashar jirgin Oktyabrskaya.
- 1946 - Lyudinovsky gundumar, yankin Kaluga - hare-hare kan yara 10.
- 1947 - Yankin Kirov - hare-hare kan yara 27.
- 1943-1947 - Yankin Kaluga - a cewar sakon tsohon shugaban kungiyar rararrun dabbobi S. M.Semiletkin, daga 1943 zuwa 1947, kusan mutane 60 sun ji rauni daga wolf, ciki har da yara 46.
- 1950 - Yankin Kirov, gundumar Lebyazhsky - an yi rikodin harin karnuka a kan yara 4.
- 1951 - Orichevsky gundumar, Maradykovsky majalisa kauyen - kyarkeci ya kashe wata yarinya mai shekaru 10.
- 1952 - Yankin Kirov - hare-hare 6 na yara kanana.
- 1953 - Orichevsky gundumar - shari'ar 1 na kai hari kan yaro. Gundumar Velsky - batun kai hari kan yaro.
- 1972-1978 - Yankin Aktobe - likitocin dabbobi na V. Garbuzov da Yu. Yanshin sun lura cewa daga 1972 zuwa 1978, an rubuta rikodin 50 na karnukan wolf a kan mutane a yankin.
- 1974 - Kharkov yankin, Dynamo gona farauta, ƙauyen Staritsa - kyarkeci da ya ƙare a cikin wani kurmi mai kone mutane biyar.
- 1975 - Konstantinovsky gandun daji, yankin Rivne - lokuta 2 na kai hari kan mutane.
- 1976 - Rudnyansky gandun daji, yankin Rivne - 1 harka. Ƙauyen Polyanka, gundumar Baranovsky, yankin Zhytomyr - 1 harka. Lyubomlsky gundumar, yankin Volyn - mutane 16 cije ci a cikin kwanaki 2.
- 1978 - Yankin Gorky - An yi rubuce-rubuce kan karnukan wolf 24 a kan mutane. Yankin Sumy - shari'ar 1 na kai hari ga wani balagagge. A cikin gundumar Senno, Liozno da Orsha, kyarkeci ya ciji mutane 24 waɗanda ke da alamun kiyayya.
- 1980 - Solyony Farm, Yankin Voronezh - kimanin mutane 10 ne da kyarkeci ya mutu. Ƙauyen Piskuny, majalisa ƙauyen Kozlovischensky, gundumar Postavy - shari'ar 1 kan wani hari kan mata manya 2.
- 1984 - ƙauyen Dyatlovo, Kuvshinovsky, gundumar Kalinin - shari'ar 1 da kyarkeci ya yi wa wani balaga hari. Unguwar Tellerman, Yankin Voronezh - shari'ar 1 da kerkeci ya kaiwa wani balaga.
- 1988 - ƙauyen Zeleny Rog, yankin Bryansk - shari'ar 1 da kyarkeci ya yi wa wani balaga hari.
- 2019 - Jamhuriyar Komi, gundumar Udora, ƙauyen Yodva - kyarkeci a kan titi ya ciji wata yarinya 'yar shekara 14.
M.P. Pavlov ya rubuta game da shari'o'in 103 na rikice-rikice na karnukan karnuka akan mutane, galibi yara, galibi a lokacin Yaƙin Patriotic da bayan sa.
Halayyar zamantakewa da sake haifarwa
Wolves suna da mace ɗaya, watau mace ɗaya ta faɗi akan namiji ɗaya. Bugu da kari, kyarkeci suna da yanayin rayuwar iyali: suna rayuwa cikin fakitoci 3 zuwa 40 - kungiyoyin dangi wanda ya kunshi mata biyu - alfa namiji da alfa mace, danginsu, kazalika da baƙi Wolves. Ma'aurata suna yin tsari na tsawon lokaci - har sai ɗaya daga cikin abokan ya mutu. A cikin kunshin, an lura da madaidaiciyar ma'anar matsayi, a saman wanda akwai ma'aurata masu rinjaye, sannan membobin dangi manya, karnukan kyarma da karshen ƙyallen tsaran litattafan ƙarshe. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ilhami yana sanya mafarauta su nemi abokin tarayya da ƙasa don kiwo a waje da fakitin su. Rarraba dabbobin da suka kai ga balaga suna faruwa shekara-shekara, kuma wasu kuliyoyi na magudan ruwa iri ɗaya ba su haɗu tare. Balagagge yakan faru ne a shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu na rayuwa.
Lokacin yanka
Tare da farawa na lokacin kiwo, wanda, ya danganta da latti, yana faruwa a cikin Janairu - Afrilu, tashin hankali ya karu a cikin garken: namiji da mace na ma'aurata masu ƙarfi sun tsare abokin aikinsu daga wasu membobin garken, kuma gungun maza sun taru kusa da samari da tsofaffi guda biyu, a tsakanin su yin faɗa, wani lokacin m. Da zaran an kafa sabon ma'aurata, namiji da mace tare zasu fara neman wurin yin juna biyu da zuriya ta gaba. A wannan lokacin, kafin estrus, namiji da mace su kula da juna ta kowace hanya mai yiwuwa, su kame kansu gaba da juna. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, garken yana nuna 'ya' ya daya a kowace kakar, tare da jagora biyu ke zama iyayen iyayen puan kawi. Lokacin da mace alpha ta sami jihar estrus (kuma wannan yana faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara kuma ya ɗauki kwanaki 5-14), ita da takwararta sun bar fakitin, suna ja da baya. Kasancewar mace tana cikin zafi, namiji zai iya koyon warin pheromones da ke cikin fitsarin mace. Yayin fara haihuwar estrus, mace bata da matsala ga ma'aurata na wasu kwanaki, kuma kawai da fara fitar ovulation bai dace da daskarewa ba.
Darajar tattalin arziki
Kyarkeci ya cutar da dabbobin dabbobi da farauta (alal misali, a cikin Yakutia, karnukan karnuka sun lalata dawakai sama da 200 da kuma masu lalata gida a cikin shekarar 2012), amma, a gefe guda, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin halittu, sarrafa yawan dabbobi da lalata halaye da marasa lafiya. Har kwanan nan, an ba da izinin kerkeci a cikin Rasha duk shekara. A halin yanzu, kyarke kyarkeci ya zama furs, tare da lokutan farauta iri ɗaya, daga 1 ga Oktoba zuwa 28 ga Fabrairu. A wasu lokuta, an haramta farautar karnukan wolf.
A lokaci guda, a cikin 1995, an saki karnuka goma sha huɗu a cikin daji a cikin Gidajen Kasa na Yellowstone a Amurka don dakatar da kiwo da ba a sarrafa shi ba na depiti, wanda ya riga ya lalata mummunan kwari na gida, cin bishiyoyi da bushes. A cikin 1926, don kawai don adana waɗannan mashahurin barewa, an lalata yawan ƙyar Wolves. Juyin da ya haifar ya haifar da canji mai ma’ana a cikin daukacin yanayin halittar dajin yake, wanda a zahiri ya farfado. Tare da gyara a cikin adadin deer, ciyayi ya fara farfadowa, kuma a cikin shekaru shida yawan bishiyoyi a cikin wuraren canyons da kwari suna ƙaruwa sau biyar, wanda ya haifar da dawowar beavers da muskrats zuwa wurin shakatawa. Wolves sun rage yawan coyote, wanda ya haifar da karuwar hares da beraye, kuma su biyun sun jawo hankalin shawo, kwari da dawakai zuwa wurin shakatawa. Hakanan ya sake zuwa garesu, masu jan hankali da yawaitar yawan adadin dusar dusar kankara, shubiya, ckin tsuntsaye da sauran berries da suke ciyarwa kafin rashin isnadin. Hatta kogunan kogin sun canza, wanda bankunan sa suka sami ƙarfi ta lalacewa daga bishiyoyi da tsaftatattun kwari.
Ta hanyar kiwon wasu nau'in karnukan karnuka da kyarkeci, an kirkiro sabbin kiwo, kamar su karnukan karnukan wukake, da wolfdog na Czechoslovakian.
Hoton ƙyarkeci a cikin al'ada
- Wolf Sea - sunan aboki, gogaggen matukin jirgin ruwa.
- A zamanin da, an yi imanin cewa karnukan karnukan karnuka ne na mata, saboda haka a tsoffin karuwai na Rome ana kiranta "she-Wolves" (lat. Lupae). Brothels, bi da bi, an kira "Lupanaria."
- A tsakiyar zamanai an yi imani da shi [a ina?] [ta wane?] cewa kyarkeci bauta wa shaidan. [Ba a ayyana asalin ranar 202 ba]
Wolf a cikin heraldry
- An ƙyar da ƙyarkeci a cikin heraldry na gargajiya wata alama ce ta haɗama, fushi da haɗama. Wani lokaci ana sanya ƙyarkeci da ƙyar akan makami a wuyan hannu don nuna alamar nasara akan maƙiyi da ƙiyayya.
Amma ya bambanta da wannan, kyarkeci na iya nuna alamar sadaukarwa ga martabar dangi da kimar dangi, da ikon tsayawa kan gidan mutum. Hakanan, ƙyarkeci yana iya bayyana a kan suturar makamai ta wani nau'in Turai, yana daidaita asalinsa zuwa wurin shakatawa (werewolf).
Mackenzian Wolf
Arewacin Amurka yanki ne mai ban mamaki. Dabbobi da yawa sun sami mafaka a wurin, har da wakilin Mackensian. Wannan duba ƙyarkeci a cikin hoto sau da yawa ana nuna shi da fuskar jini. Ana la'akari da irin wannan dabba ɗaya daga cikin mafarautan ƙasashe masu zubar da jini.
Jiki mai girma, ko kuma, mai ƙarfi, da dogayen kafafu, har ma da hawa zuwa wurare masu wahala, suna taimaka masa ya kashe dabbobi da sauri kuma ba tare da haɗata ba. Tsarin numfashi na wannan nau'in yana da kyau. Koda bayan wucewa kilomita 100, kerke Mackeniyan ba zai fuskanci matsalar karancin numfashi ba.
Fuskar hanci wani bangare ne na jikin dabbar da ke iya saurin kamuwa da sanyi, saboda haka, a lokacin bacci, yakan lullube shi da gashin dogon wutsiyarsa. Wannan yana bawa dabbar ta ci gaba da ɗumi. An rufe fatar murfin Mackenzian da gashi mai haske, kuma baya da wutsiya sun yi duhu.
Wannan mafarauci koyaushe yana saukar da wasa tare da 'yan uwansa. Yawancin lokaci, a cikin rukuni ɗaya na Mackenzian Wolves, akwai mutane kusan 10. Hausar kankara ta shafi mafi yawan herbivores, kamar muz ko bison.
Wolf wutsiya
Yana da matukar kyau rare nau'in ƙyarkecisuna zaune a tsaunukan Kudu da Tsakiyar Asiya. Samfurar takamaiman na gashinta ne ja. Wasu nau'in karnukan kyarkeci ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci ga takamaiman yankuna. Suna da wani suna - "buanzu".
Olfar wolf ja tana kama da dawakai da dawakai. Wannan babban farashi ne mai matukar sanyin gaske. Wutsiyar dabbar tana daɗewa har dole ne ku ja ta a ƙasa. A bangarorin jikin mutum, ana iya ganin asarar baƙi, amma yana da wuya. Buanza ba'a haife shi da ja ba, amma launin ruwan kasa. Yayinda suke girma, kerke wolf na haskakawa.
Kamar yadda yanayi ke canzawa, saƙar dabbar dabbar tana canzawa. A lokacin rani ya fi tsauri, kuma a cikin hunturu, akasin haka, yana da laushi da laushi. Hakanan a lokacin sanyi, ya zama dan wuta kadan. Bayyanar jan wolf ya dogara da mazaunin sa.
Misali, daidaikun mutane da aka samo a cikin Indochina suna da gashi mafi tsayi da laushi, yayin da “Pakistanis” da “Afghans” suke da guntu. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa game da nau'in shine mafi ƙarancin hakora a tsakanin duk kyarkeci.
Olfan mara wolf
Kauyen wannan kyakkyawan farin wolf shine Arctic, saboda haka yawancin masu binciken dabbobi suna kiranta "arctic". Dabba ba ta tsoron tsoran yanayin zafi, ana kiyaye shi daga garesu ta dogon furfura. Gashin dabbar yana da tauri har ma da ruwan sama mai sanyi da iska mai ƙarfi ba sa tsoron sa.
Hannun halittar dabbobi na abin da ake cinyewa na wannan nau'in a cikin Arctic, ba shi da yawa. Don haka, lokacin da dabbar ta kashe ganima, da wuya ta bar naman ta “a ajiyeta”, sai ya yi yunƙurin cinye shi. Af, wolf polar ta kafa kanta a matsayin kyakkyawan maharbi. A cikin neman ganima, ƙwararren ƙanshi da ingantaccen ganin gani.
An san cewa saboda rashin abinci, zai iya fama da matsanancin makonni 1 zuwa 2. Me yasa wannan kyakkyawar kyarkeci? Akwai dalilai 2:
- Raguwar dusar kankara ta tsokano duniya ta hanyar dumamar duniya.
- Kara jawo hankalin mafarauta zuwa dusar ƙanƙara mai fari-fari.
Maƙiyar Marsupial
A yau, babu inda yake a Duniya, ana samun wolf mai lalacewa. Ana daukar wannan nau'in halittar a hukumance Jikin irin wannan halitta ya kai fiye da cm 120 a tsayi, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 30. An samo shi a cikin yankin Australiya na zamani.
Bayyanar dabbar tayi kama da, kare, maimakon kerkeci. Yana da gajeren wando amma mai kauri. A tabawa, ta kasance m m. Tarko ya wuce jikin marsupial wolf. A cikin yankin dazuzzuka, an zaɓi irin waɗannan mutanen a matsayin wurin hutawa na kogon, kuma idan ba za a iya samo su ba, to, ramuka na katako.
Olfaryar maɗaukakiya kusan ba ta haɗuwa da wasu mutane, suna yin garken tumaki. Amma, akwai wasu sanannun lokuta na rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi. Muryar dabbar ta bambanta sosai da sautin da wasu kyarkeci suka yi. Wani abu kamar tari, ya kasance kurma ne kuma mai natsuwa.
Ƙyamar ƙyar
Wani nau'in wolf na kare. Wannan babbar dabba ce, wacce jikinta ya kai fiye da mita 1.5 a tsayi. Kuma an auna shi fiye da kilogiram 60. Wurin zama shine Arewacin Amurka. Daga ƙyar wolf, launin maraya ya bambanta shi da girman jikin mutum da kafafu masu ƙarfi.
Ya kasance ɗayan manyan abubuwan farauta don mutane na farko. Zai yi wuya a faɗi ainihin waɗancan mugayen karnukan kyarket ɗin suna farautar kansu. Koyaya, a cikin ilimin dabbobi an yi karin magana - nauyin jikin wanda ya kashe ma kansa zai iya zama mafi girman nauyin dukkanin membobin maharan.
Dangane da wannan, zamu iya yanke shawara cewa a lokacin rayuwar mummunan karnukan kisa, ya kai hari kan bison, wanda nauyin jikinsa ya wuce kilogiram 300. Amma garken waɗannan dabbobin masu ƙarfi ba sa iya jin daɗin bison kowace rana, sabili da haka, galibi suna cin manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa a bakin.
Wolf Habasha
Bayyanar ƙyamar wolf a karshe yana kama da dawakai. Irin wannan mutum yana da inuwa mai haske inuwa ta gashi, a ƙarƙashin wutsiya akan kafafu da gaban wuya akwai farin furfura mai laushi. Kunnuwan dabbar suna da faɗi sosai. Ya kasance mai kawo karshen Habasha, barazanar karnuka. Wannan ba saboda farauta bane, amma ga asarar banbance-banbancen kwayoyin, saboda wannan dabbar galibi tana wucewa da karnukan Afirka.
Dabba tana da sauri da sauri. Dogon hannu yana taimaka masa samun saurin motsi mai ban sha'awa. Olfungiyar kyarkewar Habasha ba ta kai hari ga babban wasa ba, yana da sha'awar ƙananan dabbobi ne kawai, alal misali, bera, bera ko bera. Dabba mafi girma da irin wannan maharbin ke yiwa hari shine tururuwa.
Ikon wutsiya
Dabbar ta karɓi wannan sunan barkwanci saboda dogon gashi mai laushi mai kama da kwal, amma ba zaki ba, amma doki. Furan gajeren fur ɗin yana fitowa ne kawai a ƙafafun mutum. Ana samun wolf maned a cikin ƙasashe da yawa a Kudancin Amurka, ciki har da Brazil.
Launin dabbar dabbar dabbar yana da ja, amma akwai faci mai duhu akan kafafu, wuya da wutsiya. Kyarkeken maned ya fi son ya zauna a wurare masu dausayi inda akwai tsirrai masu tsayi. Babban ainihin takamaiman nau'in wannan nau'in sun kasance gabar jiki. Wannan shi ne ɗayan speciesyan karnukan karnuka masu ƙaunar farauta da kanta, ba tare da brothersan’uwa ba.
Dabba a hankali tana satar cikin dajin don ta kai ga abin da ta kama, sannan kuma - ta gudana a hankali, tana kai hare-hare. Bugu da ƙari ga ƙananan dabbobi, kerkecin da aka yi maned ya ci tsuntsaye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Da wuya, ta hada kai da wasu karnukan karnuka don kai hari kan dabbobi. Irin wannan dabbar tana cikin "dangi" (auren mace ɗaya). Abu mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa karnukan karnukan wolf na maned a kan lokaci. An haife su launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi.
Wutsiyar Tundra
Jawo dogon gashi shine abin da ya sa tundra wolf ta fice daga sauran dabbobi. An samo shi a Rasha. Gwargwadon ƙarancin jiki yana ƙasa da Arctic. Wannan nau'in kuma ana kiranta Siberian.
Don samun gamsuwa sosai, dabbar dole ne ta ci akalla kilogram 10 na nama. Amma irin wannan sa'ar abune mai wahala a gareshi. Idan dabbar ba ta haɗu da babban wasa ba, za ta iya ƙarfafa ta da ƙarfi ko zomo.
A Siberiya, zaku iya samun wolf tundra mai launin ruwan kasa, amma akwai kaɗan daga cikinsu, masu haske sun fi yawa. Wannan irin karnukan karnuka a Rasha dauke daya daga cikin mafi m. Dabba tana nisantar da mutane koyaushe.
Wolf na Mongolian
Wannan nau'in canine ya fi tundra girma. Matsakaicin nauyin wolf na Mongolian shine kilogiram 38. Jawo mai furfura mai haske yana mamaye jikin dabbar. Suna zaune a Rasha, a cikin yankin Terimorsky.
Wolf ɗin Mongolian dabba ce mai tsananin wuya. Zai iya bin wanda aka azabtar dashi na sa'o'i da yawa. Yawan farautar irin wadannan mafarautan galibi yakan ƙare da ganimarsa ta ƙare har ƙasa. Sai kyarkeci ya buge ta. Hanyar farautar su tana da ban sha'awa saboda suna gudana ne sannu a hankali suna bin juna, a cikin dogon layi ɗaya.
Wolf wutsiya
'Yan ilimin dabbobi na zoo har yanzu suna jayayya game da rarrabewar irin wannan dabba. Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa jan wolf ne irin wolf wolfda sauransu cewa shi nau'in canine daban. Akwai kuma sigar da wannan ɗan maƙarƙashiya take da ita ga coyote da wolf talakawa.
A yau ana iya samun wannan dabbar a wasu jihohin Amurka, misali, a Texas. Yawan jama'arsu karami ne, saboda haka ana daukar nau'in na cikin hadari. Launin gashi na dabba mai launin ja. Amma a Louisiana zaka iya samun wakilan duhu game da wannan nau'in. Suna da gashi mai tsayi-matsakaici, dogon kunne da ƙarfi, kafafu mai santsi.
Dangane da halaye da abubuwan da ake so a abinci, dabba ba ta da bambanci da takwararta ta “launin toka”. Kamar dai yadda ƙyarkeken waken launin toka yake, jan hanu ya zaɓi zama kusa da danginsa. Koyaya, irin wannan dabba ba ya ƙirƙirar manyan rukuni. Kowace fakitin kyarkewar jan kyar ta ƙunshi sama da mutane 8-10. Wannan magabaci yana da aure.
Yayinda fakitin ke farauta, ƙyamar kyarkeci ya kasance yana kula da ƙawancen. Af, kodadadden zolayen suna ciyar da akasarin ruwan raccoon da ƙananan mashin. Da wuya su kan sami ci da cin ganima, alal misali, muz.
Wolf na Gabas
A cikin ilimin dabbobi, akwai adadi da yawa iri iri dangane da rarrabewar wannan nau'in canine. Dangane da ra'ayin da aka fi amfani da shi, kyarkeci na gabas shine wata matattara da kyar da wolf. Irin wannan dabba yana zaune ne a lardin Kanada, na Ontario.
Wannan maharbin ba ya cikin manyan. Mita na jikinsa - har zuwa cm 80. Yana da launi mai launin toka-mai-haske. Mayafin dabba yana da kauri da kauri.Kyarkeci na gabas dabba ce ta zamantakewa, amma baya son kafa kungiyoyi da yawa. A cikin garken guda ɗaya ba za a iya samun mutane fiye da 3-5.
Wannan nau'in mafarauta ana ɗauka ba kawai kyakkyawan mafarauci ba ne, har ma da kyakkyawan tsaro. Idan wata dabba ta ɓace a cikin ƙungiyar kyarkeci na gabas, tabbas duk membobin ƙungiya za su buge ta. A cikin dazuzzuka masu rarrafe, dabbobi sukan cinye dabbobi da dabbobi da kuma dabbobi masu shayarwa, kamar su.
Kyarkeci Melville
Mazaunin dabbobi shine tsibirin Greenland. Wolf Wolves na yin sama da kilogram 45, amma wasu mutane sun kai kilogiram 70. A tsibirin Greenland, zaku iya samun mayuka masu launin fari da fararen fata Melville. Fushinsu yana da kauri da tsawo. Takamaiman nau'in halittar kananan kunnuwa ne.
Individualaya daga cikin mutane bazai iya kashe babban ganima ba, saboda haka, ga wannan nau'in akwai buƙatar haɗuwa. Karnukan Melville suna farautar mutane 6-9. Galibi, dabbobi suna bin sahun bijimai ko na tumaki, suna lura da su kuma suna gano masu rauni.
Gaskiyar ita ce babbar dabba mai ƙarfi na iya fara tsayayya har ma ta kai hari da ƙyarkeci. Ya san wannan, saboda haka, bai taɓa shiga cikin wannan yaƙin ba. Wolves Wolves suna kwana a cikin kogon dutse. Yanayin rayuwar irin wannan dabba mai wahala ne. Wannan an nuna shi da karfin sa.
Dingo
Zuwa yanzu, masana ilmin halitta ba su yarda ba a kan rarrabe hanyoyin cin abinci. Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa dabbar dabbar kare ce wacce bata da alaƙa da kyar da wolf, yayin da wasu kuma suka yi imanin cewa dingo jinsin wolf ce "mai zaman kanta". Hanya ɗaya ko wata, akwai sigar cewa shi ɗan zuriya ne na ƙyar India, haka ma, tsarkakakke. Saboda haka, ana la'akari da wannan dabba a cikin labarin.
Tsarin ya yadu a Australia da Asiya. Ana samun Dingo har ma a cikin New Guinea. Cikakken sanan ne, wanda bai iya cin nasara ba! Amma a jikin dingo kuma akwai farin gashi (a gefen kuncin wucin gadi, wutsiya da sternum). A cikin New Guinea, akwai kuma dingoes mai duhu, tare da launin ruwan kasa ko da gashin baki.
Duk da yanayin “canine", wannan nau'in dabbar dabbar da bata taba yin sauti mai kama da kare mai kare ba. Amma ya howls da misalin tare da ƙyarkeci. Wannan dabbar da mai jan gashi yana zaune a wurin tafki. A matsayin wurin yin bacci, dingo tana zaɓar manyan ramuka na katako, ɓoye ko kogo.
Ban sha'awa! Wakilan Asiya na wannan nau'in ba sa tsoron mutane, a maimakon haka sun fi son kasancewa kusa da su. Gaskiyar ita ce sau da yawa mutane suna ciyar da dingoes. Af, jan wolf-kare ya haɗu tare da irin nasa, yana ƙirƙirar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Kawai shugaba da mata suna da 'yancin haifuwa.
Wolf na Tsakiya na Rasha
Wannan wakilin masu shayarwa masu shayarwa sun fi girma da wolf tundra. Launin launin furcinsa mai yawan gaske shine launin toka. Gashin dabbar ta fi wuta baya. Yana da mayafin wuta. Matsakaicin nauyin namiji mai ƙyar kidan daji na Rasha shine 40 kilogiram.
An sami wannan ɓarna da baƙar fata a cikin gandun daji na Tsakiyar Rasha. A cikin Altai, zaku iya samun manyan karnuka na Rasha ta Tsakiya, waɗanda nauyinsu ya fi kilo 70. Wannan kyakkyawan wakilin jinsinsa ne, wanda ya fi son farauta, barci da ci kusa da sauran mutane. Kyarkeken tsakiyar Rasha na farauta da manyan dabbobi, alal misali, muzir ko barewa.
A rukuni ɗaya na irin waɗannan dabbobi akwai mutane 30 zuwa 45. A cikin lokaci 1, macen da ƙungiyar kyarkeci ta Tsakiya ta Rasha za ta iya haihuwa da ƙw 10 Tana kulawa da su, bata daina gani ba. Namiji yana da alhakin samo abinci.
Ikon wolf
Wannan nau'in kerukan wolf na zaune ne a yankin Tsakiyar Asiya, Kazakhstan da kuma sassan Rasha da kuma yankuna na hamada. Akwai wasu launin toka da ja da launin shuɗi-maraƙi da ƙyar hamada. Ana kuma kiranta "steppe".
A cikin girman, dabba mai ƙarfi tana da ƙanƙanta da ƙyar wolf, amma, yana da ƙarfi da tsufa. Distinwararren fasalin yana da wuya fur. Jikin wolf hamada mai siriri ne. Ba a yi nazarin wannan nau'in ba tukuna.
Wutar ƙungiyar Caucasian
Akwai irin wannan dabba a Rasha. A cikin fakitin kakin karnukan Caucasian akwai cikakken rarrabuwa tsakanin bangarorin mutane. Ana tambayar ikon shugaba, babban ƙyar ƙungiyar, idan aka ji rauni ko ya tsufa. Sannan wani namiji zai iya kalubalance shi. Karnukan wukake na Caucasian suna sane da kasancewarsu wata ƙungiyar.
Waɗannan basu yarda da waɗancan dabbobin da basu yarda su bi ƙa’idodin su ba. Ga wasu karnuka "Caucasians" suna da amo. Idan daya daga cikin magabatan ya yi kokarin ketare yankinsu - to ba zai isa ba. A garken kai hari da dabba. Launi na gashin bakin wukake na Caucasian yana da fari da launin toka. Kunnuwa da kunnuwansu suna matsakaici. Akwai ƙananan gashin baƙi a duk jikin jikin dabbar.
Duk da irin son da suke da shi na yaƙi, amma karnukan karnukan birni suna da tsoron Allah. Iyaye biyun suna cikin aikin tarbiyyar. Ba wai kawai kyautatawa ne suke karfafa su ba, amma, a wasu lokuta, azabta su sosai. Yawancin lokaci dalilin azabtar da ƙyar wolf shine tsananin ƙwaƙwalwar zuciyarsa.
Wolf Siberian
Wasu masana binciken dabbobi sun kasance m game da bukatar rarrabe Siberian kyarkeci a matsayin wani daban jinsin. Dangane da launi, girma da hali, waɗannan dabbobin suna da kama da na brothersan uwansu na kusa, Wolves na tsakiyar Rasha. Suna gama gari a Kamchatka, Transbaikalia da kuma a Siberiya. Ulu irin wannan dabba yana da taushi ga taɓawa, kamar siliki. Suna da kauri da tsawo. Jawowar wolf na Siberian ya fi haske fiye da na tsakiyar Rasha. Nauyin dabba ya kai kilo 45.
Iberian Wolf
Wannan nau'in halittar dabbobi masu saurin kisa ne, wanda, har kwanan nan, an ɗauke shi cikakke. Yana zaune a Spain da Portugal. Launin Jawo dabbar dabbar tana da launin shuɗi. Wolf na Iberiya ya fi ta Rasha girma. A fuskarta, da baya da ƙananan baya akwai ƙananan fararen tabo. Saboda wannan, a cikin mutane, an yiwa dabbar lakabi "lakabi."
Masana ilimin dabbobi 'yan dabbobi suna cewa irin wannan karnukan wolf yana da amfani sosai. Dalilin shi ne kiyayewar yawan mazaunin capercaillie, wanda, a cikin waɗannan sassan, ana barazanar lalacewa. Ta yaya Ikon Iberiya ya yi nasara? Komai yana da sauki.
Dabbar tana cin abinci a kan daji, sau da yawa tana bin ƙyalli. Wadannan dabbobin suna farauta cikin kananan kungiyoyi. Ba wai kawai boars na daji ba, har ma da barewa, barewa da tumaki sun zama ganima. Wani lokacin karnukan Iberian suna cin kifi.
Jackal talakawa
Wannan karamin dabbar an kuma kira shi “kora san”. Akwai jaket a Kudancin Asiya, duk da haka, ba a daɗe ba, ya zama ruwan dare a wasu ƙasashen Turai, alal misali, a cikin Albania.
Jackal yana da kama da kare. Shi kasa da, ka ce, dingo, ko ma mizani ɗaya. Gwargwadon jikinsa yayi ƙasa da na wolf wolf, har zuwa 20 kilogiram. Makarin jakanta ya nuna kuma yana da karfi, kamar na dawakai. Mayafin wannan 'ƙyar wolf' yana da launi mai launin shuɗi. A cikin hunturu, ya zama santsi.
Yayin rana, kora san kusan ba ya cin abinci, zaɓi lokacin maraice don cin abinci. Ya ci:
Sai dai itace cewa jackal kusan komai ne. Da kyar yake farauta da irin waɗannan mutanen. Duk da ƙaramin girma da rashin ƙarfin halin kyarkeci, ƙyamar hankali da ɓacin rai na taimaka wajan zama mafarauta masu kyan gani. Zai iya samin abin da ya farauto a hankali kuma zai iya kama shi da sauri kafin ya tsere.
Halin Wolf
Wolves, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba su da ɗan fushi. M, ba shakka, yana da wuya a kira su. Kunshin kyarketan kare kullun yana kare tare, a zahiri, kamar yadda yake farauta.
Maza koyaushe kare mace da matasa. Idan maƙiyin ya far wa mace ko cubansa sau da yawa mafi girma, babu kyarkeci da zai tsaya a kan katanga. Zai yi saurin kare su, komai tsadarsa. Irin wannan ne rayuwar dabba kyarkeci ne.
Dangane da sauran masu tsinkaye, karnukan kyarma suna da shagala. Tabbas, ba sa son dabbobi waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin farauta a ƙasarsu. Amma ba su kawai shiga fada.
Akwai tatsuniyoyi game da kyarkeci kamar dabbobi masu zub da jini, amma a zahiri komai komai ya bambanta! Dabbobin duniya na kyarma Don haka sun zama mazaje masu himma sosai waɗanda ke farautar kansu.
Abinci da Ciki
Abin da dabba ne kyarkeci? Wolf ne bayyananne wakilan dabbobi. Ya fara dasa abinci a cikin matsanancin yanayi, lokacin da babu abinci kwata-kwata. Wani dattijo yakan ɗauki kilo 2 zuwa 6 na nama a cikin lokaci 1. Wadannan magabatan suna da dabi'ar adana abinci don wani lokaci.
Duk da cewa kyarkeci yana da mutukar mutunci, amma ya sami damar jin yunwa na dogon lokaci. Babban abincin abincin karnuka sun hada da tumaki, deer, hares.
A zahiri, waɗannan mafarautan suna cin duk dabbobin da za su iya samu. Bambanci a ciyar da karnukan karnuka kai tsaye ya dogara da mazauninsu. Wolves halittu ne masu aure, saboda haka aure yakan kasance tsawon shekaru. Daga shekara biyu zuwa uku, dabbar tana shirye don kiwo.
Lokacin mating ya faɗi akan Janairu-Afrilu, gwargwadon mazauninsu. A wannan lokacin, yanayin cikin fakitin yana dumama. Manyan mata da miji sun kiyaye junan su daga sauran mambobi.
Ragowar maza sun fara kulawa da gwagwarmaya da yaƙi. Yawancin lokaci, mace tana ƙyamar oneya oneya ɗaya a kowace shekara. Cutar ciki tayi kimanin kwanaki 65. Akwai puan kwikwiyo 3 zuwa 13 a cikin zuriyar dabbobi. Yayin ciyarwa, mace ba ta yin nesa da ramin ta kuma ta kowace hanya tana kiyaye ta. Baba - kerkeci baya shiga cikin wannan lokacin a rayuwar san sandansu.
Bayan shayarwa, duk garken na kulawa da cewa ƙwarkunan wolf sun cika. Duk wani kyarkeci ya raba nasa kayan tare da yara. Dangane da mazauninsu, puppy na iya zama a cikin fakitin ko kuma su tafi don neman sabon yankin.
Menene kerket ɗin yayi kama?
A waje, kyarkeken fata da aka saba yi kama da kare sosai, wanda ba abin mamaki bane, saboda waɗannan dabbobin suna da magabatan gama gari. Koyaya, ƙyarkeci ya fi girma girma. Tsawon jikin wolf na iya kaiwa zuwa 110-160 cm, tsawon wutsiya ya kai santimita 52, tsayinsa a ƙasan mayukan daga 60 zuwa 90 cm, kuma nauyin jikin maƙiyin daji na iya kaiwa 80 kg.
Akwai lokuta idan nauyin mutum ya wuce kilogiram 92. Matsakaicin nauyin Wolves ya bambanta daga kilogiram 30 zuwa 65. Girma da nauyin Wolves sun dogara da yanayin ƙasa. Mafi sanyi a yanayin, dabba mafi girma. Maza koyaushe sun fi kowace mace girma.
Ikon kyar na dabba yana da kauri, mai tsayi da dimaɗaɗa, wanda ya ƙunshi yadudduka biyu, dangane da wannan, ƙyarkeci ya yi girma. Fushin farko na gashi na talakawa ƙyarkeci ne mai ƙarfi da kariya daga datti. Na biyu shine rufin ruwa wanda yake kare wolf daga sanyi da kuma matsanancin yanayin muhalli. Wolf ɗin wolf dabba tana da matukar wuya.
Wolf ɗin tana kama da dabbar da ke da haɗari kuma tana da haɗari, tana da ƙwayar tsoka mai ƙarfi, kafafu masu ƙarfi da babban kai da ke da kunnuwa masu kaifi. Haɗe-haɗe da manyan daskararru tare da ratsin duhu tare da kusan farin cheeks da haske a cikin yankin ido. Babban fuskar ƙyarkeci kuma yana da matukar ma'ana. Wutsiyar wolf ƙyallen yana da tsayi kuma yawanci yana ƙasa. Ta hanyar motsinsa da matsayinsa, mutum na iya yin hukunci da yanayin maharbi.
Wolf ɗin da aka saba da shi yana da launi daban-daban, dangane da mazauninsu. A cikin gandun daji shi ne launin toka-launin ruwan kasa. A cikin tundra - wuta, kusan fari. A cikin hamada - launin toka-mai launin ja. Akwai ma fararen fata waɗanda ake samu a cikin Arctic, kazalika da ja ko kusan baƙi. Jirgin ruwan dabbar yana da launin toka.
Ta yaya kerkeci ya bambanta da kare? Olfun wolf da keɓaɓɓe ya bambanta da kare ba kawai a cikin bayyanar ba, har ma da waƙoƙinsa. Hanyar waƙoƙin ƙyallen kyarkeci ya fi na karnuka, ya kan samar da layi madaidaiciya. Hakanan, kyarkeken yana da tsinkaye daban-daban, wanda shine santimita 9 - 9, kuma faɗin shine 6-7 cm, don she-wolf tana 7-9 cm da 5-6 cm. Fingersan yatsun tsakiya biyu na fizikan wolf suna daɗaɗa gaba, yatsunsu ba su shimfiɗa kuma suna haɓaka mafi mahimmancin buga kwafi fiye da kare.
Halayya da salon rayuwa
A matsayinka na mai mulkin, karnukan karnuka suna nuna ayyukansu a cikin duhu, suna biye da farautarsu tare da dogon kuka, a matsayin hanyar sadarwa tsakanin irin nasu. Lokacin da fakitin farauta ko neman abin farauta, yakan yi ƙoƙarin kada ya zama dole, a bar shi da babbar murya. A cikin rana, kamar yawancin mafarauta, karnuka suna cikin mafaka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Ana iya samun Wolves a sassa daban daban na duniya, wanda ke nuna cewa waɗannan mafarautan sun saba da kowane yanayin rayuwa.
Wadannan magabatan suna da ji na kwarai, amma gani da ƙanshi suna daɗa lalacewa kaɗan. An bayyana Wolves ta babban ƙarfin hali da saurin amsawa, ƙari, suna da babban damar tunani, wanda ke ba su damar rayuwa cikin matsanancin yanayi. Wolves sun sami damar bin abin da za su iya ganima a hanzarta har zuwa kilomita 60 / h, suna ɓarke aƙalla kilomita 100 cikin dare.
A ina ne karnuka ke zaune?
Kyarkeci wata dabba ce da ta fi kowa cinye filaye. Wannan dabbar tana da ɗimbin fa'ida. Wolf tana zaune ne musamman a ƙasashe masu sanyi da kuma wurare daban-daban. A cikin gandun daji, steppes, hamada, taiga, tundra, gandun daji-steppe kuma a ƙasan tsaunuka.
Wolves suna zaune a yankuna da yawa na Turai (daga Russia zuwa Portugal), Asiya (daga Koriya zuwa Georgia) da Arewacin Amurka (daga Alaska zuwa Mexico). Manyan mutane suna zaune a tundra, yayin da ƙananan mutane ke zaune a yankunan kudu. Abin sha'awa ne cewa a Rasha wolf ba ya nan ne kawai a tsibirin Sakhalin.
Wolf ɗin da aka gama shine dabba na ƙasa. Acksungiyoyi na karnukan kyarketai suna zaune a yankuna da aka ci nasara, iyakokinsu waɗanda alamunta ke nuna su. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da kyarke kyarkeke, an rarraba yankin da aka mamaye cikin bangarori da dama. Mafi kyawun su shine babban ma'aurata, ragowar karnukan birni suna rayuwa cikin rayuwar nomadic.
Ta yaya karnuka ke zaune?
Wolf ɗin da aka gama shine dabba na zamantakewa. Saboda haka, kyarketai suna zama cikin fakitoci, suna farauta, suna wasa, har ma suna kuka tare. Kunshin karnukan wolf rukuni ne na iyali wanda ya kunshi dabbobi masu shekaru daban-daban kuma yana iya ƙididdige mutum 3 zuwa 40. A garken ne yake jagoranta ko shugaba da gogaggen fata - wanda yake shi ne babba. Wannan shine mafi yawan hikima, mai hikima da ƙarfi a cikin kunshin wolf. Jagoran shirya yana da budurwa - mafi rinjaye mace. Tare suna haɓaka biyu, ta hanyar haɗa wasu karnukan kyarketai kusa da kansu - wannan fakitin kyarkeci ne.
Fakitin Wolves na da tsari. Jagoran a cikin fakitin yana da ikon ba da izini. Wannan jagora ne mai hikima kuma yana da abokantaka ga duk mambobin fakitin. Amma baƙi suna gaishe baƙi sosai. Rukunin tumaki yana ƙunshe da ɗan beta, mafi kusantar shugaba. Yawancin lokaci wannan shine ɗan gama gari na ma'aurata masu jagora ko kuma ɗan'uwan babban namiji. Mai neman wuri na fakitin kai tsaye wani lokaci yana nuna adawarsa ga alpha, kamar yana duba matsayinsa, tunda yana shirye ya dauki matsayinsa a kowane lokaci.
Wolf ɗin da ya bar fakitin da kansa ko an kori shi ana kiransa ƙyarkeken katannen kyar. Irin waɗannan dabbobi suna da kowace dama don ƙirƙirar garken su.
Wolves suna zaune suna dogaro da kansu. Suna amfani da wannan jin don farauta da sadarwa tare da wasu karnukan kyarketai. Kyakkyawan ji dabbar yana ba ka damar jin kururuwar mai kururuwa a nesa da nisan mil bakwai. Halinsu na wari ya fi sau 100 ƙarfi fiye da na mutane. Wolf wolf tana da ikon gudu da sauri 55km / h.
Wolves suna zaune cikin fakitoci kuma kowane fakitin yana da nasa wurin farauta, wanda dabbobi a hankali suke kiyayewa daga wasu karnukan kyarketai. A cikin fakitin inda jagora yake kiyaye tsari, karnukan karnuka suna zaune lafiya ba sa yaƙi. Harkokin suna faruwa ga baƙi da karnukan kyarma, waɗanda suka keta iyakokin shafin. Kowane kunshin kyarkeci yana da yanki kuma yana farauta kawai.
Masu sa a hankali suna lura da alamar yankinsu, sun bar tarkace a bishiyoyin da suka faɗi ko tsohuwar kututture. Don haka, bayyana a sarari cewa ya fi kyau nesa. An hukunta baƙi da ba tsammani ba, irin waɗannan dokokin zalunci ne na kunn Wolf. Wolf ɗin da aka jiyo a kusa wata hanya ce ta gargaɗin cewa an riga an mamaye yankin.
Girman yankin iyali na wolf na kowa ya dogara da wuri mai faɗi kuma jeri daga 50 zuwa 1500 km². Adadin garken ya dogara da girman wuraren farautarsa, saboda haka karnukan karnukan karnuka ke kare su. Idan akwai wadataccen abinci a kan rukunin farauta na dangi, to kuwa tsararrakin karnuka da yawa zasu rayu akan rukunin yanar gizo. Ana samun shingen farauta na ƙyar Wolves a cikin shimfidar wurare na tundra da steppe kuma adadin shine 1000-1250 km².A cikin gandun dajin sun fi ƙanƙanta - 200-250 km².
Idan kyarkeci ba su da ƙananan 'yan ƙwaya, sai su yi ta birgima. Wolves suna yawo a cikin fakitoci kuma kaɗai. Sakamakon yawo, dabbobi wani lokaci sukan bayyana a wuraren da ba a taɓa ganin karnuka shekaru da yawa ba. Walƙiya Wolves suna tafiyar kilomita 70 a cikin dare ɗaya.
Wolves masu launin toka sun taru a fakitoci a cikin hunturu. Idan dusar ƙanƙara tana da zurfi, karnukan kyarmawan da ke cikin shirya sukan yi jifa. Kowane dabba tana bin juna, suna iyawa gwargwadon abin da zai yiwu. Wolf ɗin da aka saba yi wayo ne. Sabili da haka, yana da matukar wahala a gano yawan kyarketai da garken suka ƙunshi.
Me yasa kyarkeci suke yi? Wolves suna kuka, saboda hawaye hanya ce ta sadarwa da juna. Tare da taimakon hayaniya, karnukan karnukan daji suna gano inda membobin gidansu suke, sanar da kama ganima da kuma mamaye yankin, ko kuma don tattaunawa tare da dangi. Wolves sukan yi kuka a ƙarshen yamma. A cikin shekarar, karnukan karnuka sukan yi haushi a cikin hunturu, lokacin da yawan mambobin fakitin suka kai iya adadinsu. Wolves suna farawa da karfi fiye da ƙarshen ƙarshen bazara kuma tare da farkon damina, da kuma yayin da puppy ke haɓaka rukunin dangi kuma sun fara motsawa cikin yankunanta.
Me kerkeci yake ci kuma yaya yake farauta?
Wolf ƙwararriyar ɗan akuya ce. Babban abincin abincin wolf na kowa ya haɗa da manyan dabbobi: dame, masse, saigas, raguna da awaki. Amma kyarkeci ma yakan ci ƙaiƙayi, dabbobi da tsuntsaye iri iri, domin shi ba mai fara'a bane. Wani lokaci kyarkeci zai iya cin mamacin na kicin.
Yawancin dabbobi suna jan hankalin karnukan daji da karnukan farauta. Sabili da haka, haɗuwa da ƙyallen ƙyarma da ke kusa da gonaki abu ne na kowa. Wolf yana cin nama, don haka a matsakaici dabba tana buƙatar kilogiram 3-4.5 na nama a rana. Wolves ta tara abincinsu. M, matsocin dabba ya binne sauran naman. Wolves na iya yin ba tare da abinci ba fiye da makonni biyu. A lokacin rani, abincin da ƙyallen wolf ta kowa ya haɗa da kayan shuka, don haka a lokacin rani kyarkeci ma yakan ci 'ya'yan itace da berries.
Ka'idojin farautar karnukan sun bambanta sosai. A cikin hunturu, karnukan kyarketai suna farauta tare da manyan dabbobi. Irin wannan karnukan farauta suna amfani da shi a cikin hunturu. Babban fa'idar wolf na hunturu ita ce kasancewar murfin dusar kankara wanda a saukake yake motsawa. Don keɓaɓɓiyar dabbobi, dusar ƙanƙara yana sa yana da matukar wahala ka rabu da kyarkeci - dabbar daji da ke yanke hukunci.
Abin sha'awa ne cewa farauta na karnukan kyarketai ya ba da gudummawar rarraba ayyukan: wani ɓangare na fakitin yana shiga cikin farautar ganima, ɗayan kuma yana lalata hanyar ganima. Lokacin farauta, hanci na wolf shine babban mai ba da shawara. Ya gaya wa maharbi abin da zan nemi ganima. Wolves suna jin ƙanshi ko da ƙaramin dabba, wanda kilomita biyu daga gare su. Ta hanyar taimakon mahimmin ƙanshin ne Wolves na iya bi wanda aka azabtar dashi a farke. Wolf ɗin ya yi farauta kusan shiru.
Babban makamin wolf shine hakora. Tare da tsummoki masu kaifi 5 cm tsayi, kyarkeci ya riƙe kuma ya ja wanda aka azabtar, kuma tare da sauran hakora yana yanke wasan. Hakoran wolf ba makamai ba ne kawai, har ma da kariya, don haka asarar su mai cutarwa ce ga dabba.
Musamman maɗaukakken dabbobi, kyarketai suna kashewa ta hanyar kai hari tare da garken gaba ɗaya kuma suna kaiwa hari har ganima ta faɗo. A lokaci guda, shugaba da mata suna daɗin jin daɗin ganima, suna cin abinci mafi kyau na gawa.
Wolf ɗin ya yi farauta a hankali. Tashi yayi kan dabbar, ya kama shi da makogwaro tare da deft yayi tsalle ya kwankwasa shi a kasa. Zai iya zama a cikin kwanto na sa'o'i kuma a jira ganima har tsawon yini. Yawancin lokaci suna iya bin garke na ungulates, mafarauta ba su ba da gaban su ba, amma jira lokacin da ya dace don kai hari.
Wolves suna da dabara sosai, a cikin neman sukan dakatar da bin, suna barin ganima su ci gaba. Lokacin da wanda aka azabtar ya rage gudu, kyarkeci ya sake kai hari. Sau da yawa karnukan karnuka suna bugun dawakai. Amma mafi yawan lokuta ba sa cin su. Lokacin da kai hari kan garken dabbobi, karnukan karnuka na iya karkatar da karnuka. Wani ɓangare na kyarket ɗin kerket ya kawo hari ga karnuka, sauran kuma - akan garke.
Wolves suna da kyau sosai a doron ƙasa. Yawancin garken suna amfani da sassan wannan yanki don fitar da wanda aka azabtar zuwa ƙarshen mutuwa. Abun farauta, kyarkeci ya yi birgima a kan abin da yake ci, sai ya tura shi da warin abincinsa ya ci. Wannan dabarar farauta ta zama ruwan dare gama kyarkeci a lokacin bazara.
A lokacin rani, an raba garken kuma masu farauta suna rayuwa guda ɗaya ko a cikin ƙananan rukuni. Wolves suna ciyar da dabbobi da yawa ta amfani da dabarun farauta. A lokacin rani, galibi kyarkeci yana cin haro. Amma ko da duk motsi masu hankali da wayo a cikin farauta, ya ƙare ba koyaushe ake samun nasara ba.
Cubs na ƙyarkeci - haihuwar 'yar tsana. Taya fakiti yake kawo kwiyakwiyan wolf?
Gashin kyarketan rami shine inda macen kyarkeci ke nuna karnukan kyar da wolf. Wolves sun yi rami a wuraren da ba a tsare. A wannan yanayin, wurin yakamata ya sami kyakkyawan tsari. Sau da yawa kyarketai suna amfani da ramuka na fanko na wasu dabbobi azaman na’urar rami.
Wolves suna farauto kowace shekara a cikin Janairu-Fabrairu; a karo na farko, lokacin kiwo yana farawa yana da shekaru 2-3. Tsawon lokacin da macen wolf ke kamar watanni biyu. A lokacin bazara, ƙarnukan kyarkeci suna bayyana a cikin kogo a cikin kogon. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar 4aya 4 zuwa 8 a cikin mace. Bornan wasan ƙwallan wolf an haife su kurma ne da makafi, kwanakin farko na rayuwar jarirai wolf koyaushe yana kusa. Sun fara gani da ji game da kwanakin 10-12 na rayuwa.
Makonni uku bayan haka, san wolf ya fara barin kogon kuma ya fara ɗanɗano nama a lokaci guda. Duk garken yana cikin gudar da renon yaransu. Wolves suna kawo nama mafi kyau ga ramin tare da yara.
A cikin kananan ƙwayoyin wolf, launi yana da inuwa mai duhu, wanda ke canzawa tare da shekaru. Lokacin da yake wata 2, cuban wolf sun bar kogon, amma har yanzu ana kiyaye burrows a nan kusa. Irin wannan wuraren ana kiyaye shi ta tsire-tsire daga idanuwan prying. Olfan kwikwiyo na Wolf suna koyan kayan yau da kullun na farauta, ragargaza ɓarna da bera.
Matattun kyarketai suna girma da sauri kuma nauyinsu yana ƙaruwa kusan sau 30 a cikin farkon watanni huɗu. Cuban Wolf na warkoki suna da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Lokacin yana da watanni 8, idanun wolf sun canza launin zuwa rawaya. A ƙarshen farkon lokacin sanyi bayan haihuwa, san wolf ɗin ya kai ga girma. An talakawa ƙyarkeci ya rayu shekaru 12-15.
Kuna buƙatar kyarkeci kuma me yasa?
Me yasa muke buƙatar kyarkeci, domin ga mutum kishiya maƙiyi ce. Yana da haɗari ga mutane da zubar da dabbobi. A hankali, gwagwarmayar mutane tare da kyarkeci ya haifar da rage adadin su. Amma dabbobin daji na daji, ƙyarkeci na yau da kullun, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin daidaita tsarin lafiyar lafiyar halittu.
Ana buƙatar Wolves don tsara yawan yawan yankin. Hakanan, karnukan karnuka nau'in "tsari ne", tunda suna lalata dabbobi marasa lafiya, karnukan karnuka basa ƙyale cututtuka su bazu. Farauta don dabbobi masu rauni suna ba da gudummawa ga rayuwar mafiya ƙarfi.
Idan kuna son wannan labarin kuma kuna son karanta game da dabbobin daji, biyan kuɗi don sabuntawar rukunin yanar gizonku don zama farkon wanda ya karɓi kawai sabon labarai game da dabbobi daban-daban na duniyarmu.