Babban gizon dako - mai hankali tsakanin cephalopods * Matsakaicin

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Manyan octopuses sun sami suna saboda dalili. Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, waɗannan manyan manya-manya ne, nauyin da zai kai kilogram talatin. Yawan kewayon canji mai yawa a cikin mafi yawan lokuta yana tsakanin kilogram daya zuwa goma. Alamar kilo 30 ta isa ga mutum wanda girmansa ya kai ɗari da hamsin santimita.

Koyaya, wannan ya nesa da iyaka. An yi rikodin mutane da aminci, waɗanda tsawonsu ya kai mita uku kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilo 50.

A cewar rahotannin da ba a tabbatar ba, babban gizon zai iya isa da nauyin kilo 270 da tsawan santimita 960.

Daya daga cikin bayyanar fasalin giram girma shine, murfin jikinsu yana da nau'in W-, kuma a saman idanun akwai fuka-fatar fata uku zuwa hudu, wanda yanayinsa yake kama da kunne. Namijin hectocotyl ya kasance kunkuntar, rabin rufe yake kuma a cikin bayyanar sa yayi kama da bututu. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa tsayin manya manya mutum na iya kaiwa tsawan mita tara.

Giant Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini).

Jikin babban dorinar ruwa tana da taushi, gajeru da oval a bayan ta. Buɗe bakin a wurin da yadudduka daga ƙwararren ɗarin girma da ruwa ke haɗuwa, kuma buɗewar buɗewar a ƙarƙashin mayafin. A bayyanar, alkyabbar ta yi kama da jakar fata ta wki. Bakin wannan katuwar bishiyar mophaus din tana da jaws biyu masu karfi, wadanda ke da kama da kamalar siran aku. A cikin maƙogwaron babban dorin ruwa akwai radula (grater), tare da taimakon wanda octopus ke niƙa abinci.

Shugaban, kamar sauran octopuses, yana da katako takwas masu tsayi. An haɗa alfarwar ta wani ƙusoshin bakin ciki kuma sanye take da tsoffin kofuna. Arfin kowane ɗayan irin wannan tsoka kamar giram 100 ne, wanda bisa la'akari da cewa yawan kofuna waɗanda suka yi kama da kusan dubu biyu, suna ba da babbar ƙarfin octopus. Zai dace a sani cewa, sabanin kofuna waɗanda tsoffin mutane suka kirkira, babban gizon yana buƙatar yin ƙoƙari na tsoka don riƙe shi tare da taimakon su.

Babban gizon yana da zuciya uku.

Babban gizon yana da zuciya uku, wanda ɗayan yana fitar da launin shuɗi a duk faɗin jiki, yayin da sauran zukatan biyu (gill) ke tura shi ta hanyar maɓallin. Tunda jikin babban gizon ba shi da ƙasusuwa, zai iya canza fasalinsa da sauƙin. Wannan yana ba shi damar zama filastik sosai kuma, a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, matsi a cikin gaɓatattun jikin, fasa da ramuka idan aka kwatanta da girmansa, haka kuma ya mamaye sararin samaniya, ƙarar da take ƙasa da girman abincinsa.

Manyan octopuses, tare da sauran danginsu, suna daga cikin ingantattun hanyoyin ci gaba da mallakar ƙwayoyin cuta mai haɓaka. Octopuses har ma suna ba da horo, suna da ingantaccen ƙwaƙwalwa kuma sun sami damar bambance siffofi na geometric. Suna iya gane mutane kuma suna da alaƙa da waɗanda suke ciyar da su. Idan kayi cikakken isasshen tare da dorinar ruwa, sun kasance suna da daraja. Koyaya, duk da babban damar koyon girma a cikin manya, a tsakanin likitocin dabbobi, muhawara game da matakin hankali na wadannan dabbobin basu tsaya ba.

Babban matsalar a tsakiyar wannan muhawara ita ce, ana rarrabe octopuse ta ikon tsara kwakwalwar su don wani aiki na musamman.

Manyan octopuses suna da ingantaccen ƙwaƙwalwa - suna tuna mutumin da ya kula da kuma ciyar da su.

A sifar sa, kwakwalwar babban dakoro tayi kama da jakar bagel kuma tana kusa da esophagus, kamar dai ta rufe shi. Idanun wannan babban mollusk suna da yawa kuma sanye take da tabarau mai kama da mutane. Dalibin yana da siffa mai kusurwa.

Gwargwadon gilasai yana iya fahimtar sautuna, gami da abubuwan motsa jiki. A kowane ɗayan alfarwar dorinar ruwa akwai babban adadin ɗanɗano da aka ɗanɗano (har zuwa dubu goma) waɗanda ke ƙididdige yawan abin da ake ci a ciki ko a'a.

Kamar sauran octopuse, babban dorinar ruwa na iya canza launi da jikinta, yana kwaikwayon yanayin. An yi bayanin wannan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa fata na babban gizon dorinar ruwa ya ƙunshi sel tare da launi iri iri. A ƙarƙashin tasirin tasirin da ke fitowa daga tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, waɗannan sel suna aiki ko shimfiɗa su. Launin giram mai daskarewa ya zama ruwan dare ga wakilan wannan nau'in kuma yana da launin ruwan goro. Lokacin da dorinar ruwa ta ji tsoro, sai ta zama inuwa mai haske. Kuma cikin fushi, sai ya sake juyawa.

The octopuses a zahiri ja da fushi.

Genome na ƙwallon ƙwalba

A shekara ta 2015, masana kimiyya sun fitar da sanarwa cewa an yanke ma'anar halittar octopus genome. Abin mamaki, tsawon tsayin halittar ya zama daidai da na kwayoyin halittar dan adam (dorinar ruwa na da nau'i biyu biliyan 2.7, yayin da ɗan adam ke da biliyan 3). Idan muka kwatanta kwayoyin halittar octopus, ya zarce gimbiya sauran abubuwan ban sha'awa ta hanyar kusan sau biyar. Kwayoyin halittar sunadaran gina jiki ga mafi girma da dorinar ruwa ya kusan kashi 35% fiye da na mutane. Kodayake invertebrates suna da ƙarancin chromosom fiye da ɗan adam, sun fi girma fiye da sauran dabbobin da ke cikin in dabbobi.

A halin yanzu babu bayanai game da bayyanar manyan gilasai na farko. Zamu iya cewa kawai farkon cephalopod, wanda aka gano shi da dorinar ruwa, an samo shi cikin yadudduka na ƙwarin Pencilwan na lokacin Carboniferous.

Babban Gizirin Jiki da Tsarin Rayuwa

A lokacin bazara da damina, manya-manyan dorinar ruwa suna yin ƙaura lokacin yanayi. A cikin tsammanin tsinkayewa, a lokacin bazara, ƙarancin dorinar ruwa ya ƙaura zuwa zurfin zurfin inda suke yin gungu. A cikin kaka, bayan tsabtace abinci, ƙungiyar octopuses na ɗan gajeren lokaci (yawanci fewan kwanaki ne) zauna cikin kewayon. A wannan yanayin, gungu ba sa kafa, kuma octopuses suna mamaye ƙasa mai dutse tare da isobaths. A cikin rana, gicto mafi girma ya fi son shakatawa, yana nuna babban aiki a cikin duhu.

A kan bangarori masu wuya ciki har da na arai, manya manya manya sun fashe. Don wannan, ana amfani da alfarwar da ta cika da kofuna waɗanda suka tsotsa. Manyan octopuse sun sami damar iyo da baya.

Kwakwalwa suna haifar da yanayin rayuwa kuma ana rarrabe su ta hanyar yanki mai faɗi.

Don yin wannan, suna yin ƙungiyoyi masu kama da aikin gwanayen ruwa. A wannan yanayin, babban daskararren ruwa yana jawo ruwa zuwa cikin rami inda gwanayen suke, sannan kuma da karfi ya tura shi a gefe. Wani katon ruwa mai ban ruwa yana tura ruwa ta hanyar katako wanda yake wasa da bututun ƙarfe. Zamu iya cewa manya-manyan octopuse sun mamaye motsin jirgin saman tun kafin mutane su fara tunanin hakan.

Kari akan haka, babban gizon zai iya jujjuyar dayar don haka canza canjin motsi. Gaskiya, saurin motsi na babban darin ruwa ya bar abin da ake buƙata: ba zai iya gasa da kifi da sauri ba. Saboda wannan, babban dorinar ruwa ya fi son farauta daga wani dako, yana mai bayyana kansa a matsayin wuri mai faɗi da ke kewaye da mollusk. Idan abokan gaba zasu iya bayyana kusa, to ya fi son ya ɓoye a cikin mafaka. A cikin wannan daskararren ruwa yana taimakawa ikonsu don matsi ta hanyar ƙananan fasa da ramuka.

An sami lokuta lokacin da manya-manyan octopuses da ke zaune kusa da gabar tekun suka zauna a cikin gwangwani da akwakun katako suka durkushe. A wannan yanayin, ana ba da fifiko koda yaushe ga nau'in nau'in "kwalban", lokacin da mafi yawan ɗakuna suna da ƙofar da take kunkuntar. A lokaci guda, manyan octopuse suna da tsabta kuma suna kiyaye dakin da tsaftace su. Don yin wannan, suna amfani da jet ɗin su, wanda suke fitarwa daga cikin rami, kuma wanda suke amfani da shi azaman "tsintsiya". A lokaci guda, ragowar abincinsu an ɗora daga bututun kare a bayan gidansa a cikin tarin shara.

Bayan tsagewa a cikin kaka, octopuses da sauri, a cikin aan kwanaki, zaunar a ko'ina cikin iyaka.

Babban Gizon daskarewa

A matsayin gida, ana amfani da ƙananan ramuka a cikin ƙasa, waɗanda aka yi layi tare da irin shaft wanda aka yi da bawo da duwatsu. Qwai suna cikin kamannin ƙwal kuma an haɗa su cikin rukuni na kusan ashirin. Bayan an yiwa mace hadi, sai ta shirya gida a cikin kogo ko kuma rami a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, inda dubun dubunnan kwano za su kwantawa. Mace a hankali tana lura da ƙwai, tana jigilar su a kai a kai kuma tana wucewa da ruwan siphon. Ta yin amfani da farfajiya, mace tana cire datti da kayan baƙon. Duk tsawon lokacin da qwai zai yi girma, mace tana ciyarwa a gida ba tare da abinci ba kuma yakan mutu bayan kyankyashe ƙuruciya.

Mai Girma Octopus Habitat

Idan za muyi magana game da wuraren rairayin bakin teku, mafi halayyar mazaunin octopuses sune ƙasa mai dutse. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, octopuses suna ɓoyewa a tsakanin kabilu, a cikin kabura da kogon dutse. A lokacin rani, ana iya samun babban daskararren ruwa a ƙasa guda iri. Ana iya samun babban daskararru sau da yawa a kan iyakar yashi da dutse wanda ke kusa da ƙananan keɓaɓɓu.

Matar octopus mace ba ta kula da ƙwai, sau da yawa suna fama da yunwa.

Mafi sau da yawa ba sau da yawa, ana samun waɗannan octopuses a kan ƙanƙara da yashi a tsakiyar mahimmin ruwa. A cikin yanayin inda octopuses ke zaune a nesa mai nisa daga bakin tekun, suna zaɓar laka, yashi, harsashi da huhun dutse. Dorinar ruwa da ke zaune a wuraren buɗe ƙasa, waɗanda ke da halaye mai kyau, wasu lokuta sukan iya haƙa ramuka masu yawa wanda babban octopus ke amfani da shi azaman rami.

Magabatan Giwa Octopus

Babbar barazanar da ta haifar da dorinar ruwa ita ce kifayen kifayen kifayen, kifayen fata, sikeli, hatimai, zakuna na teku, mashigar teku, wani lokacin maniyyi kuma, ba shakka, mutane.

A cikin wuraren bude fili tare da kasa mai rarrabewa, octopuses na iya tono ramuka masu yawa, wanda suke amfani da shi azaman kogo.

M mazaunan ruwa ruwa

Masu binciken zamani sun daɗe da gurbata irin waɗannan almara da rudu. Gaskiya ya zama abin ban sha'awa, waɗannan dabbobin an basu kyawawan halaye:

suna da hankali da hankali (miliyoyin abubuwan ɓoye abubuwa na ba su wata ma'ana ta taɓa taɓawa)
Suna da kyakkyawan hangen nesa kuma suna da ikon bincika abin da suka gani da sauri,
suna da ingantaccen tsarin juyayi,
suna da zukata uku,
jininsu shudi ne
suna da takwas masu ƙarfi, kullun motsi masu ƙarfi tare da kofuna waɗanda suke sha, waɗanda ke da alhakin taɓawa da daidaituwa, waɗanda wasu lokuta ana amfani da su kamar kafafu, don motsawa tare da tekun,
suna magana ta hanyar launi, yayin da kansu kaɗai ke bambanta tsakanin launuka da fari,
injin jet ne ya motsa su,
wanda yake da cikakkiyar kwalliya da sake kamanni, canza launin fatar jikinsu da kayan aikinsu a kashi na biyu.

Wadannan halittu masu wuyar ganewa basu da kwarangwal ko harsashi, suna da jiki mai laushi ne kawai da zai iya canza sifar. Hatta mafi girma da dorinar ruwa na iya narkewa cikin kowane rami wanda ba ya iyakance ƙwayoyin jikinsa mai ƙarfi, bakin-baki. Wannan sashin jiki ya kunshi keratin, kamar kusoshin mu, kuma yayi kama da beak na aku. Dabba mai nauyin kilogiram 16-18 zai iya shiga rami cikin sauki tare da nasihar 3.5 cm.

Waɗannan mazaunan a cikin zurfin teku suna da ban tsoro da kyau a lokaci guda, suna ɗaukar su zuwa zurfin zurfin abubuwa don mutum ya san duk kyawun su kuma ya san su sosai. A cikin duniya akwai nau'ikan octopuse sama da 300, waɗanda aka kwatanta guda 100, kowane nau'i daban-daban, launuka da girma suna da asali a cikinsu. Zasu iya rayuwa a kusan kowane mazauninsu, daga ruwa mai zurfi a bakin tekun zuwa maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zurfi. Na musamman sha'awa manyan dabbobi ne. Wannan karamin mahaukaci ne, Doflein da Apolion.

Akwai labaru na ƙwararrun leviathans da aka tashe daga zurfin teku, wanda nauyinsa ya wuce kilo 50. Labarun manyan Kattai masu ban tsoro wadanda ke da shinge sama da 10 a tsayi sun bayyana sama da shekaru 50 da suka gabata, kuma wasu da suka kama mutane manya-manyan dorinar ruwa sun kai fiye da kilogiram 180, kamar yadda nauyin bera ya kai nauyi. Wannan nau'in yana jin daɗin mummunan suna. A saman idanun octopus akwai fuka-fukai biyu masu kama da ƙaho, waɗanda aka sa masa suna "shaidan teku". Wannan shine okctocin Doflein.

Wannan nau'in ƙwayar cephalopods shine mafi yawan bincike. Irin waɗannan mutane suna zaune a tekun Far East, a bakin tekun Japan da Amurka. Sun fi son zama a cikin zurfin zurfin, ba tare da yin ƙasa da 300 m ba. Dabbobin wannan nau'in sun sami damar kaiwa fiye da kilogiram 50, kodayake madaidaicin madaidaicinsu shine 25 kilogiram. Akwai wata sanannen lamari lokacin da aka kama wani daskararre na sama da kilogiram 270 tare da "sikelin" tanti sama da 9 m.

Lokacin haihuwa, tsawon kifin dako na Doflein shine mm 6 kawai kuma nauyinta shine 0.003. Suna ninka nauyin su kowane watanni uku. A lokacin da suka kai shekara biyu, sun kai nauyi kilogiram 2, sannan har zuwa watanni 32 suka fara jujjuyawa, suna karuwa sosai zuwa kilo 18. Wadannan manyan octopuses suna ci gaba kuma suna cin duk abincin da suka samo, zasu iya cin irin nasu. Irin waɗannan octopuses suna rayuwa ne kawai shekaru 4.

Wannan magabcin yana zaune a cikin dukkan tekuna na wurare masu zafi da kuma tekuna, a cikin ruwa mai zurfin har zuwa 150 m tare da sassan m na tushe. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum shine 25 cm, nauyi - har kilo 10.

Dankalin ruwan daji na zaune shi kaɗai, yana ɓoyewa daga manyan kifaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa, suna ɓoye kansu kawai lokacin da ya fita neman farauta. Tsammani na rayuwa - bai wuce shekara biyu ba.

Babban Gizon Jirgin Ruwa

Babban gizamin ruwa ya yadu a cikin ruwayen teku daga Koriya ta Kudu da Japan zuwa iyakar Kudancin Sakhalin da Primorye. Su ma suna zaune kusa da tsibirin Aleutian da Kwamandan Islands, Kamchatka da tsibirin Kuril. A gefen arewacin Arewacin Amurka, ban da tsibirin Aleutian da aka ambata, suna zaune har zuwa California. Abin takaici, a halin yanzu, adadin manyan mata da maza yana raguwa da ƙari.

Tashin hankali

Wannan ra'ayi yana da girma. Octopus na iya ɗaukar taken giant. Amma Apollion yana da kawai hasara - ƙananan nauyinsa tare da manyan girman jiki. Matsakaicin dabbar octopus na wannan nau'in yayi kama da gizo-gizo mara daidaitacce: dogaye, maras nauyi da kafafu na bakin ciki suna fitowa daga ƙaramin jiki.

Apollions suna zaune a cikin dutsen da ke bakin gabar yammacin Canada, Alaska da California. Zurfin ruwan sanyi mai wadata a cikin iskar oxygen yana samar da ingantaccen yanayin rayuwa don mafi girman octopus.

Matsayin zamani na hoton dorinar ruwa wani hoto ne mai girman gaske, kodayake, an lura da cewa manyan octopuses masu nauyin kilogram 50 ba su samu ƙasa da ƙima na shekaru 15-20 da suka gabata ba. Wannan na iya zama wata dabi'ar ƙwayar halitta wacce ke ba da maganin octopuses mafi ƙaranci fiye da na mallakarsu shekaru 50-80 da suka gabata. Dalilan zasu iya zama abubuwa masu gurbata teku, da kuma ƙara kamun kifi don maganin dorinar ruwa. Ko wataƙila a cikin duniyar dumama, waɗannan ƙattai masu hankali suna kwance a ƙasa? Tabbas canjin yanayi ya kasance babbar barazana ga manyan octopuses. Zai yiwu cewa shuwagabannin na wanzuwar zurfin da har yanzu mutum ba zai iya sauka ba ta amfani da kayan aikin zamani.

Abubuwan mamakin duniyar tsibiri tana rufe sirri da yawa, wanda ɗayan manyan mazaunan sa ne. Arnuka da yawa da suka gabata, labarun kwararrun matuƙan jirgin ruwa game da tsananin mamakin Kraken sun haifar da farin ciki na musamman. Amma idan dai har yanzu kraken tsohon dodanni ne mai ban tsoro, to labarin zai yi magana game da ainihin cephalopods, wanda girmansa da nauyinsa suke sa dan adam ya girgiza yau!

Haɗu da mafi girma na ruwa na ruwa bisa ga littafin Guinness Book of Records, ya kasance cephalopod, mai suna bayan masanin ilimin dabbobi na Jamus Doflein, tsawonsa ya kai 9.6 m kuma nauyin jikinsa ya kasance 272 kg. Zai yi wuya a gaskanta, amma irin wannan dodo yana girma daga tsutsa ne kawai mm mm 3-4 a cikin girman.Doflane octopuse kuma ana kiransu shaidanun teku don haɓakar su a cikin nau'i na ƙaho wanda ke saman idanun. Dangane da irin abubuwan haɓaka guda ɗaya, ana kiran su eared.

Muhimmancin tattalin arziƙin babban dorinar ruwa

Babbar ɗakin ruwa dabbar dabba ce a kasuwanci a Koriya ta Kudu, DPRK, da Arewacin Japan, waɗanda ke da tasiri game da raguwar ƙimar wannan dabbar. A cikin abincin Jafananci, manyan octopuse sune samfurin da aka fi dacewa da ke zuwa dafa abinci irin su takoyaki da sushi.

Idan aka dafa shi da kyau, naman babban darin octopus yana da daɗi da ƙoshin lafiya.

Bugu da kari, ana cinye su da rai, wanda aka yanyanka su guntu-guntu kuma suka kwashe cikin minutesan mintuna, yayin da ake ci gaba da yin shinge. Kwanan nan, manyan octopuse sun fara zuwa gidajen abinci a Rasha, ana amfani da su azaman wani ɓangare na abin da ake kira cocktails na teku, a cikin bushe da gishiri.

Manyan octopuses sune tushen bitamin B-group, selenium, phosphorus da potassium. Lokacin dafa dabba, kuna buƙatar samun wasu ƙwarewa don kawar da tawada, ƙanshin ciki da ƙoshin gamsai.

Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.

Gigantomania

Kamar yadda ya cancanci dukkan dodanni, octopuse suna ɓoye cikin manyan zurfafa, tsakanin duwatsu da algae. Koda yake, masana kimiyya sunyi nasarar gabatar da duniya ga wani babban gizagizan. Wani dangi na octopus 9-mita, wanda ya ɗauki matsayi na 1 a cikin jerin manyan octopuses mafi girma, an yi rajista a cikin 40s. XX karni. Nauyinsa shine kilogiram 180 kuma tsawon tsayin jikinsa yakai m 8. A cikin da'irar kimiyya, an gano wadannan octopuses a matsayin mafi girma kuma mafi yawan karatu, saboda ba zurfin teku bane, kamar yawancin danginsu.

Doctoran doflein ƙaunar ruwan sanyi ne. Mafi yawan zafin jiki a gare su shine +12 C. Wadannan mollusks sun fi son farauta don kifi, crustaceans da cephalopods masu kama da juna. Doflein fata yana dan kadan an shafa shi. Octopuse ya sa ta zama ta musamman a haɗa tare da sauƙaƙen murjani ko dutse.

A cikin pacific

An gano octopus na Pacific a kusa da gabar Tekun New Zealand, wanda bai hana shi shiga darajar mafi yawan su ba. Jikinsa yana da tsawon mil 4 tare da nauyin 75. Wanda ya riga shi ya fi sa'ar nasara, ya yi nasarar rayuwa ba wai kawai ya rayu ba, har ma ya shiga Littafin Rajistar Guinness. Ya kuma juya ya zama babban mollusk na Pacific mai nauyin kilogram 58 da tsayi na tanti na 3,5 m.

Pacific octopuses ne sosai nimble. Don haka, daga cikin akwatin kifaye guda ɗaya sun yi nasarar tserar octopus 12 a ciki. Ba tare da kwarangwal ba, dorinar ruwa na iya hawa cikin kananan ramuka. Wani fasalin na cephalopods shine cewa zasu iya yin ba tare da ruwa ba na awanni da yawa.

Abin takaici, yanayi ya tsara ta saboda wakilan kowane nau'in, sunada yawa sosai, suyi gajeru. Centuryarukan maganin dorinar ruwa ya riga ya yi gajere: kusan shekaru 4. Ga ƙattai, an rage wannan shekarun zuwa shekaru 2. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa a nan gaba, manyan mutane za su fara ɓacewa daga duniyar tamu, domin, daga mahangar juyin halitta, girman ba babban abu bane!

Mala'ikan mutuwa

An ba da sunan dorinar ruwa mai suna octopus Apollion a bayan malaikan mahallacin mutuwa da mutuwa. Mollusk ya sami nesa ba kusa ba sunan da ba shi da lahani don iyawar sa ya kashe wanda aka azabtar da jet na guba ya tsotse naman sa. Ya fi farauta yafi dacewa. Idan iskanci ya ciji mutum, to alamomin za su zo daidai da alamun maciji, amma ba su da mutuwa. Cutar zazzaɓi daga cizo ta wuce cikin makonni 2-3.

Sanannen abu ne cewa octopuse ba sa kai wa mutane hari, a maimakon haka, suna guje wa haɗuwa da su. A mafi yawancin halayen, duk cizon kariya ne.

A cewar marubucin littafin "Primates of the Sea" I. Akimushkina, a ƙarshen karni na XIX. an sami wakilin irin wannan garai mai daɗi, wanda ke auna 5 m a girma kuma tare da tanadin alfarma na 8.5 m. A lokaci guda, “mala’ikun mutuwa” suna da nauyi kaɗan, kuma girman jikinsu bai kai fiye da cm 30 ba.Kaɗin ya zauna kusa da bakin tekun Alaska, California da Kanada.

Yanagi Daco

Ofaya daga cikin manyan octopuse ana ɗauka shine ainihin '' yanagi-dako 'na Jafananci na ainihi, ko willow octopus, da ke zaune a bakin tekun. Hokkaido Tsawonsa ya kai m 3. Jafananci suna ɗaukar shi mai daɗin ci, mafi ƙoshin kamun kifi ya rage lambarta, kuma octopuses sun zo yadi, ko kuma ga teburin na Jafananci, idan da hali.

Octopuses dabbobi ne masu ban mamaki. Ba za a iya kira da Cephalopods ba marasa tausayi. Suna da yawa kamar 3 zuciya. Jinin launin shuɗi yana gudana a cikin jijiyoyinsu, kuma suna da hankali sosai. Ka tuna mashahurin mashahurin dorinar ruwa Paul (na mallakar octopus ne na yau da kullun), wanda ke annabta game da sakamakon wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa. A cikin girmamawa ga Paul, wani abin tunawa a cikin yanayin ƙwallon ƙafa ya kasance har ma an buɗe shi. Jamusawa suna da matukar girmamawa game da tonon sililin da suka sanya toka kuma suka sanya shi cikin abin tunawa.

Hakanan zaka iya ganin octopuses a cikin bauta, alal misali, a cikin "Exotarium" na Zoo na Moscow akwai wata ƙwararar teku ta Pacific.

A zahiri, akwai octopuse sama da 300 da ke da siffofi marasa kyau da launuka. A cikin jerinmu, mun gano manyan octopuses.

Doflein ta octopus - 9.6 m, nauyi 272 kg.
Doflein na octopus - 8 m, nauyi 180 kg.
Apollion - 5 m (ba a nuna madaidaicin nauyin ba. Dorin ɗin ya ƙanƙana da nauyi a kan duk nau'in halittu da aka ambata a cikin ƙimar).
Octopus na Pacific - 4 m, nauyi 75 kg
Octopus na Pacific - 3.5 m, nauyi 58 kg.
Willow octopus - 3 m (nauyin da ba a ƙayyade ba).

Wataƙila har yanzu duniya za ta fahimci gaskiyar abubuwa sama da ɗaya daga rayuwar ƙwararrun ruwa, wanda, ba da izinin mutum, zai fara fitowa daga zurfin teku.

Ya kasance daga zamanin da. Amma har yau akwai shaidun gani da ido a shirye don tabbatar da mafi kyawun maganganu. Yin hukunci game da kwastomomi da masana kimiyya, manya-manyan octopuses har yanzu suna wanzu. Sukan ɓoye a cikin ruwa mai zurfi na teku da kogon rairayin bakin teku, lokaci-lokaci yakan kama gaban wani mutum, yana tsoratar da masunta da sauran abubuwa.

Bayanin cewa manyan octopuses da gaske rayuwa a cikin teku sun zo daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Don haka, mafi girma octopus, wanda aka kama daga zurfin teku, ya kai mita 22 a tsayi, kuma diamita na kofuna waɗanda ya tsotse shi ya kai cm 15 Menene menene waɗannan dodannin kuma me yasa har yanzu ba'a bincika su ba?

Me muka sani game da octopuses?

Gashinan jikinsu ne suke girma kai tsaye daga kai, suna iya ɗaukar kowane irin matsayi, tare da su mollusk suna kama wanda aka azabtar. Tufafin yana rufe gills da gabobin ciki.

Shugaban yana karami tare da idanu masu zagaye. Don motsawa, dorinar ruwa ta kama mayafin da ruwa kuma a hankali ta tura ta cikin babban rami a ƙarƙashin kansa. Godiya ga wannan turawa, ya koma baya. Tare da ruwa, tawada suna fitowa daga cikin mazurari - kayan sharar ƙwalƙwalwar ruwa. Bakin wannan halittar marine yana da ban sha'awa. Cikakken baki ne, harshe yana rufe da kaho grater tare da wasu ƙananan, amma hakora masu kaifi sosai. Ofaya daga cikin haƙoran (tsakiya) yana da girma ya fi girma fiye da sauran, octopus yana haƙa ramuka a bawo da bawo dabbobi.

Babban gizon dame: wane ne shi?

Wannan wakili ne na dan gidan Octopus dofleini, wanda ke zaune a bakin dutse.Mamammen mafi girma, wacce aka bayyana kuma aka shigar da ita a Littafin Guinness Records, yana da tsawon kafafu na 3.5 m (ban da zanen gado). Shaidar maɗaukakin jirgin ruwa yana tabbatar da cewa akwai wasu dabbobin da suka girma da ke da shinge har tsawon mita 5. Wadannan manya-manyan kwayoyin halittar sun tsoratar da shaidun idanun, dukda cewa basu haifar da wata hatsari ga mutane ba. Abincin waɗannan mazaunan marine bai ƙunshi Amma suna iya tsoratar da mutum. A cikin yanayin da ya fusata, mollusk ya canza launi zuwa shuɗar maroon, yana ɗaukar jagora mai ban tsoro, yana tayar da alfarwar sa, kuma yana fitar da launi mai duhu.

Babban gizon dako, hoto wanda aka gabatar a sama, ya riga ya fito da tawada daga tashar tawada ta musamman kuma yana shirye don yin faɗa cikin faɗa. Idan daskararre ya jefa gabobinsa a bayan kansa ya gabatar da kofuna masu tsotsa, wannan yana nuna cewa yana shirin murƙushe abokan gaba ne - wannan wani yanayi ne da ake son kawo hari.

Shin ƙwararrun octopuses suna da haɗari?

Haɗarin wannan dabbar tana iya faruwa idan kun kama shi da wuya ko kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin cire ta daga ramin. Cases of Attack on 'yan adam ba sabon abu bane, amma ba wani sakamako na mutuwa da aka ruwaito daga shaƙa ta hanyar tantancewa. Octopuses suna da halin kunya, saboda haka yawanci suna ƙoƙarin ɓoye idan sun sadu da mutum. Kodayake a cikin lokacin mating, wasu mutane suna da matukar ƙarfi kuma basa tsoron ɗan adam. Mollusk na Octopus dofleini na iya cizo mai zafi, amma wannan ciwan bashi da guba, sabanin cizon wasu dangi masu zafi. Wadannan manyan octopuse ana adana su a cikin ruwa.I gaskiyane, rayuwar su takaice: mace ta mutu bayan zuriya, kuma namiji tun da farko, nan da nan bayan matse.

Abubuwan halittar ruwa watakila sune mafi ban mamaki a cikin mollusks waɗanda suke rayuwa a cikin zurfin teku. Abubuwan da suke gani na ban mamaki suna ba da mamaki, jin daɗi, wani lokacin tsoro, hasashe yana haifar da manyan octopuses waɗanda zasu iya nutsuwa ko da manyan jiragen ruwa, irin wannan sihiri na Octopus ya sauƙaƙe ta wurin ayyukan shahararrun marubutan, alal misali, Victor Hugo da aka bayyana a cikin littafinsa na "Ma'aikatan Teku" wanda aka bayyana oktopus a matsayin "cikakken cikar mugunta." A zahiri, dorinar ruwa, wanda akwai nau'ikan sama da 200 a cikin yanayi, halitta ce gaba daya mai cutarwa, kuma yana iya yiwuwa a gare su su ji tsoronmu, mutane, kuma ba akasi ba.

Mafi kusancin dangi na octopuse sune squids da katako, su kansu suna cikin gidan cephalopods, dangin octopuse daidai.

Octopus: bayanin, tsari, halaye. Menene misalin octopus yayi?

Fitowar octopus yana da rikicewa, ba a bayyana shi nan da nan inda kansa yake, ina bakinsa, ina idanunsa da ƙanƙaninsa. Amma daga baya komai ya bayyana sarai - jakar-kamar jikin dakoro ana kiranta alkyabbar, wanda aka cakuda shi da babban kai, akwai idanu a saman sa. Idanun dorinar ido sun kasance daidai.

Bakin dorinar bakin bebi ne kuma kewaya shi da jajayen gewaye, wadanda ake kira baki. Kashi na biyu ya wajaba ga dorinar ruwa ta niƙa abinci, saboda ba su san yadda za su hadiye ganima ba gaba ɗaya. Har ila yau yana da ɗan abinci na musamman a cikin makogwaronsa, Ita ke buɗe gundarin abinci cikin baƙin ciki. A kusa da bakin tanti ne, wanda shine ainihin alamar dorinar ruwa. Gunanan daskararrun daskararre suna da tsawo, tsoka, ƙasan su tana cike da alamun girma dabam dabam don ɗanɗano (ee, ɗanɗano suna kan darin dorinar ruwa). Aclesaure ne ke da octopus ɗin ke da shi? A koyaushe akwai guda takwas daga cikinsu, a zahiri daga wannan lambar sunan wannan dabbar ta zo ne, tunda kalmar "dorinar" tana nufin "kafafu takwas" (wato tanti).

Hakanan, nau'in octopuse ashirin suna da ƙusoshin musamman waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin nau'i na rudders lokacin da suke motsawa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: octopuse sune mafi hikima a cikin mollusks, kwakwalwar octopus yana kewaye da gurneti na musamman waɗanda suke da kama da kwanyar kai tsaye.

Dukkanin kwayoyin halittun mambobi na halittar halittar jikin halittu suna da haɓaka, musamman hangen nesa, idanun octopuses a cikin tsarinsu suna kama da idanun mutane. Kowane idanun yana iya ganin daban, amma idan octopus yana buƙatar yin zurfin bincike a kan abu, idanun za su kasance wuri guda su mai da hankali kan abin da aka bayar, a takaice dai, octopuses ɗin suna da hikimar hangen nesa na binocular. Kuma octopuses sun sami damar kama ƙwayoyin cuta.

Tsarin gabobin ciki na jikin octopus hadadden tsari ne. Misali, tsarin jikinsu yana rufe, kuma jiragen ruwan jijiya kusan suna da alaƙa da venous. The octopus kuma yana da zuciya uku! Ofayansu shine babban abu, kuma ƙaramin abu biyu, wanda aikinsu shine tura jini zuwa cikin zuciyar, in ba haka ba yana jan ragamar jini a jiki. Da yake magana game da jinin octopus, suna da shuɗi! Haka ne, duk octopuse sune ainihin aristocrats! Amma da mahimmanci, launi na jinin octopuses yana faruwa ne saboda kasancewar wani abu na musamman a ciki - geociamine, wanda a cikinsu suna wasa da wannan rawar da muke da haemoglobin.

Wani sashi mai ban sha'awa da dorinar ruwa ya mallaka shine siphon. Siphon yana kaiwa zuwa cikin kogon murfin katako, inda dorinar ruwa ke ɗebo ruwa, sannan, kwatsam ta saki shi, yana haifar da ainihin rafi, yana tura jikinsa gaba. Gaskiya ne, na'urar adawar ta octopus ba ta kasance cikakke ba kamar ta dan uwan squid (wanda ya zama abin kirkirar kirkirar dutsen), amma kuma a sama.

Girman octopuses ya bambanta da nau'in halitta, mafi girma daga cikinsu shine mita 3 a tsayi kuma yana kimanin kilo 50. Yawancin nau'in octopus na matsakaici daga 0.2 zuwa 1 mita a tsayi.

Amma game da launi na octopuse, yawanci suna da launuka masu launin ja, launin ruwan kasa, ko rawaya, amma kuma suna iya canza launinsu sau ɗaya. Tsarin canza launi su ɗaya ne da na dabbobi masu rarrafe - ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin chromatophore da ke kan fatar za su iya shimfiɗawa da yin kwangila a cikin wani lamari na lokaci, lokaci guda suna canza launi, da kuma sanya octopus ɗin da ba za a iya gani ga masu farauta ba, ko kuma bayyana motsin zuciyar sa (alal misali, haushi da octopus blushes, har ma baƙi).

Ina ne octopus yake zaune?

Mazaunin octopuses kusan dukkan tekuna da teku ne, ban da ruwan arewa, kodayake wasu lokuta suna ratsawa can. Amma mafi yawan lokuta octopuses suna zaune a cikin tekuna mai ɗumi, cikin ruwa mai zurfi da zurfin gaske - wasu octopuses masu zurfi na teku zasu iya shiga zurfin 5000 na m. Yawan octopuse da yawa suna son su zauna a cikin murfin murjani.

Me octopuses suke ci?

Octopuses, duk da haka, kamar sauran dabbobin gwala-gwalai, halittun annabta, abincinsu shine ƙananan ƙananan kifaye, har ma da katako da lobsters. Da farko sukan kama abin da suka farauto da kayan kwalliyarsu kuma su yanka ta da guba, sannan suka fara sha, tunda ba za su iya hadiye abubuwa ba, da farko suna dafa abincin da baki.

Magabatan dabbar dako

Ofaya daga cikin mafi hatsarin maƙiyan octopus a cikin 'yan shekarun nan shi ne mutum, wanda dafa abinci ke ba da gudummawa ga adadi mai yawa, saboda zaku iya dafa abinci mai daɗin abinci da yawa daga dorinar ruwa. Amma ban da wannan, octopus yana da sauran abokan gaba na halitta, masu cin abincin teku daban-daban: sharks, zakuna na teku, sharan fata, kifayen kifayen kuma ba sa hana cin abinci a kan dorinar ruwa.

Shin octopus yana da haɗari ga mutane?

A cikin shafukan littattafai ne ko a cikin fina-finai na almara na kimiyya kawai cewa octopuses halittu ne masu haɗari masu haɗari, masu ikon iya kashe mutane ba kawai, har ma suna lalata jiragen ruwa duka. A zahirin gaskiya, basu da lahani, har ma da matsananciyar tsoro, a karamar alamar hatsarin, octopus ya gwammace ya gudu, komai abin da ya faru. Kodayake yawanci suna iyo a hankali, lokacin da suke cikin haɗari, kunna injin su na jirgin sama, ba da izinin jirgin ruwa don hanzarta zuwa gudun 15 kilomita a kowace awa. Suna kuma amfani da karfin su wajen kwaikwayon, tare da hade sararin samaniya.

Babban nau'in octopus ne kawai zai iya haifar da haɗari ga scuba iri-iri, kuma kawai lokacin lokacin kiwo. A wannan yanayin, ba shakka, octopus da kansa ba zai zama farkon wanda ya kaiwa mutum hari ba, amma yana kare kansa, yana iya toshe shi da gubarsa, wanda, kodayake ba mai kisa ba, zai, ba shakka, yana haifar da wasu jin daɗin ji (kumburi, tsananin ƙima). Wani banbanci shine ruwan octopus mai launin shuɗi wanda ke zaune a bakin tekun Ostiraliya, wanda gubarsa ke da mutu'a har yanzu yana da mutu'a ga ɗan adam, amma tunda wannan maganin dorinar yana haifar da yanayin rayuwa mai haɗari, haɗari tare da shi ke da wuya.

Nau'in octopuses, hotuna da sunaye

Tabbas, ba zamu bayyana dukkanin nau'ikan octopuses 200 ba, zamu mai da hankali ne kawai akan mafi kyawun su.

Kamar yadda wataƙila kuke tsammani da sunan, wannan shine mafi girma mafi girma a duniya. Yana iya kaiwa zuwa mitir 3 a tsayi kuma zuwa nauyi mai nauyin kilo 50, amma waɗannan su ne manya-manyan mutane na wannan nau'in, a matsakaici, ƙaton ruwa yana da kilogram 30, kuma tsawon mita 2-2.5. Tana zaune a tekun Pasifik daga Kamchatka da Japan zuwa yammacin gabar Amurka.

Mafi kyawun sananniyar nau'in octopus da ke da kyau, suna zaune a Tekun Bahar Rum da Tekun Atlantika, daga Ingila zuwa gabar tekun Senegal. Yana da ɗan ƙarami, tsawon jikinsa shine 25 cm, kuma tare da shinge 90 cm. Matsakaicin matsakaicin jikin mutum shine 10 cm.Ya shahara sosai a cikin abincin Rum.

Kuma wannan kyakkyawar kallo da dorinar ruwa, wacce ke zaune a bakin gabar Ostareliya, ita ce mafi haɗari a tsakanin su, tunda guba ce da ke iya haifar da faɗuwar zuciya a cikin mutane. Wani fasalin halayyar wannan dorinar ruwa shine kasancewar halayyar shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da baki akan fata rawaya. Ba za a iya kaiwa mutum hari ta hanyar kare kansa ba, don haka don guje wa bala'i, kawai kuna buƙatar nesa da shi. Kuma har ila yau shine mafi ƙarancin octopus, tsawon jikinsa shine 4-5 cm, tanti - 10 cm, nauyi 100 grams.

Karkashin octopus

Yanzu kuma bari mu bincika yadda octopuses ke kiwo, wannan tsari yana da ban sha'awa kuma baƙon abu a gare su. Na farko, suna haifuwa sau daya ne a rayuwarsu, kuma wannan aikin yana da munanan sakamako a gare su. Kafin lokacin kiwo, daya daga cikin tantunan macijin maza ya zama wani nau'in halittar jikin mace - watau hectocotyl. Tare da taimakonsa, namiji yakan sanya maniyyinsa zuwa ga tsokar jikin dako. Bayan wannan aikin, maza, ala, sun mutu. Mata tare da sel na haihuwar suna ci gaba da rayuwa na al'ada na tsawon watanni, sannan kawai sai su sa ƙwaiyensu. Akwai adadi da yawa a cikin masonry, har zuwa dubu 200.

Sannan, yana da watanni da yawa har sai kyankyashewar yara masu rauni, mace a wannan lokacin ta zama uwa mai abar misali, a zahiri tana busa ƙwayar ƙura daga zuriyarta. Har zuwa karshenta, macen da ke matsananciyar yunwar ta mutu ma. Oararrawar ƙwallon ƙanƙara tana ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai qwai a shirye don rayuwa mai zaman kanta.

Mafi kwanan nan, mutane da yawa sun ji sanannen octopus Paul, octopus oracle, octopus annabta, tare da daidaito masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke bayyana sakamakon wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a Gasar Turai a Jamus a 2008. An sanya fulogi biyu masu tutocin tutocin tutocin tutocin a cikin akwatin kifaye inda wannan dorinar ke zaune, sannan ƙungiyar wacce mai ciyar da wasan ruwa Paul dorinar da ya fara cin abincin ta ya ci wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.
Octopuses yana taka rawa sosai a cikin zato na mutane, kuma a dan lokaci kadan, a farkon 1814, wani mawaki dan kasar Japan Katsushika Hokusai ya buga wani hoto mai ban sha'awa, “Mafarkin Matar Masun Kashe,” wanda ke nuna wata mace tsirara a kamfanin hada garken dabbobi biyu.
Mai yiyuwa ne sakamakon juyin halitta, bayan miliyoyin shekaru, octopuses zai garzaya zuwa ga wasu mutane kamar mutane.

Octopus rai, bidiyo

Kuma a ƙarshe, shirin gaskiya mai ban sha'awa game da octopuses daga National Geographic.

Shekaru da yawa, tunanin matuƙan jirgin ruwan sun faranta masa rai ta hanyar yiwuwar haduwa da wani katon kraken - dodo girman ƙaramin tsibiri, wanda shinge ya jawo jiragen ruwa marasa zurfi cikin zurfin teku. shin ko akwai giwar dabbar da ta fi girma a cikin duniya ko kuma ainihin ainihin wannan dodo bai bambanta da girma ba.

Top - 4 mafi girma nau'in octopus

Cephalopods sune kwayoyin halitta a cikin yanayi, amma galibi suna zama mutane da manyan mazaunan tekun, gami da maniyyi whales da khalil kisa. Akwai nau'ikan octopus kusan 200. Yawancinsu dabbobi ne na matsakaici. Ya kamata a samo ƙattai a tsakanin nau'ikan pelagic dake huɗar zurfin teku.

4. Dankin da daskararren dutsen yana zaune a cikin ruwan Rum. An fara bayyana shi a cikin 1826. Jiki mai haske na dabba yana rufe da farin zanin farin ciki. Ya jagoranci rayuwar rayuwa, farautar kifaye da ƙananan octopuses. Likitocin ruwa ba ya ƙi crustaceans da bivalves. Daga bazara har zuwa lokacin bazara, macen da ta daɗe da yin ɗimbin octopus, sannan kuma takan sanya abin kawai. Kaman octopus yana kiyaye san sanduna nan gaba har sai bayyanar mman jarirai 4 mm cikakke. Jim kadan bayan haka, mahaifiyar octopus ta mutu saboda gajiya. Lalkwarin murfin yana da tsawon cm 15, amma alfarwar ta tsawanta tsawon jikin dorinar zuwa 1 m.

3. Kasuwancin Octopus - shine mafi yawan nau'ikan wannan rukunin duniya. Yana zaune a cikin Bahar Rum da Tekun Atlantika. Kwakwalwa yana haɓaka da kyau. Mai ikon canza launi dangane da halin da ake ciki, amma launi na yau da kullun launin ruwan kasa ne. Ana ciyar da abinci akan plankton, kifi, mollusks, da crustaceans. Mace suna kulawa da masarar kuma kar su bar gida har tsawon watanni shida, wanda ya zama dole ga foran sandar su haɓaka a cikin kwan. Yana da amfani ga mutane kuma an fitar dashi azaman samfurin abinci. Tsawon jikin mutum yawanci ya kai 25 cm, kuma farfajiyar - 90 cm. Duk da haka, samfurori masu ɗauke da ƙwallon ƙafa sun haɗu zuwa 130 cm sun haye, wanda ke ba da tsawon tsayin halitta na kusan 17 cm.

2. Doflein dorinar ruwa, wani lokacin ana kiran shi Giant Octopus, ya zama ruwan dare a cikin arewacin gabar ruwan Tekun Pacific. Ya shirya rami a kan dutse: a cikin kogon rami da keɓaɓɓu da wuraren ɓoyewar dutsen. Jafanawa da Koreans sun kama su a zaman dabba dabba. Wakilin matsakaici ya girma zuwa 2 - 3 m tare da nauyin 25 - 50 kg. An san bayanai game da kasancewar samfurori har zuwa 9.6 m a tsayi. Ya kasance lakabin mafi girma a duniya, a cewar Littafin Rajistar Guinness na shekarar 2015.

1. Dankin soja mai dauke da makamai guda bakwai bai karɓi wannan baƙon sunan ba saboda yana da nakasa ba tare da ɗayan hannu ba. Hectocotyl wannan nau'in an nade shi cikin jaka a karkashin ido na dama. Wannan shine mazaunin takwas wanda aka canza, wanda aka ɓoye daga gani, wanda dorinar ruwa ke amfani da shi don hadi da mace. A tsayin daka, waɗannan halittun sun yi girma zuwa 3,5 m, kuma nauyi ya kai kilo 75.

Babban samfuran samfuran octopus

Legends game da sanannen kraken bai zo daga kawai ra'ayi na jirgin ruwa. Wani lokacin raƙuman ruwa na teku suna wanke gawawwakin mutanen da ke cikin zurfin zurfafa. Yaya girman wakilan kowane mutum na octopus oda?

A shekara ta 1945, wani samfurin samfurin ya kai tsawon 8 zuwa tsayi mai nauyin kilogram 180 kuma ya kama bakin tekun Amurka.
Da zarar akan yanar gizo sai jirgin ruwan Doflein ya shigo da sanduna mai mita 9 kuma yana nauyin kilo 270.
A gefen tekun Tasmania, wakilin ƙungiyar octopus na tsawon mita 3.7 kuma kusan kusan mita ɗaya ya kama. A cikin octopus na ciki, masunta sun gano alamar t-shirt na farin da aka ɓace a baya Shaw Burke. Ba a san ko tufafin ba da gangan a cikin dabba ne ko kuma idan yana da alaƙa da mutuwar mutum. Sabili da haka an haifi almara na kraken.

A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, dorinar daskararru masu nauyin kilogram 50 suna ɗaukar ƙasa da yawa sau da yawa. Wataƙila halittu masu hankali suka yanke shawara cewa babban yayi ba irin ribar da aka samu bane ta juyin halitta. Manyan wakilai ana iya samun saukin su ta hanyar maniyyi da whales kisa, kuma ana kama mutane don cin abinci. Oan ƙananan octopuses yana da sauƙi a ɓoye a cikin wuraren ɓoyayyun dabbobin da ke da haɗari Kattai na duniya masu mollusks guda takwas kayan tarihi abubuwa ne na baya.

A halin yanzu mafi girma mafi girma kuma mafi girma a cikin duniya – wakili ne ko dai mai dauke da makamai-bakwai ko kuma masu shayarwa. Koyaya, a nan gaba ma an murƙushe su, suna ba da dama ga sauran ƙattai na zurfin teku. Wannan rukunin yayi aiki a matsayin tushen tatsuniyoyi game da almara na almara - dodo wanda ke jan dukkan jirgi zuwa zurfin teku. Jules Verne sun sadaukar da wani salo gaba daya a gare shi a cikin Gwagwarmayoyi Ashirin da Bakwai A Karkashin Teku. Ko da manyan octopuse sun gushe cikin rukunin masunta da ruwan tabarau na kamara, almararsu ba zata gushe ba tana tunanin mafarkansu.

Mutane sun daɗe da ɗaukar babbar rijiyar dabbar octopus a matsayin dabbar dake da hatsari a teku. A zahiri, wannan dabara ce, mai wadatarwa, abin ban mamaki da dabbobi gaba daya marasa lahani.

Yaduwa
Balaga: kimanin shekara 1, mata manya sun fi maza girma.
Yawan qwai: har zuwa 100,000.
Lokacin shiryawa: Kwanaki 160.

LIFESTYLE
Halaye: loners.
Abinci: mollusks, crustaceans, wani lokacin kifi.
Tsawon rayuwa: har zuwa shekaru 6.

KINDS
Babban gizon dako yana da dangantaka da katantancin lambun, tunda dabbobi biyu suna cikin aji na mollusk. Mafi kusancin danginsa sune sauran octopuses da squids.

& nbsp & nbsp Octopuses halittu ne sabon abu. Waɗannan mollusks na wayoyin hannu da ƙwararrun ƙwayar cuta, tare da gabobin haɓaka motsin rai, sun dace sosai da zama a cikin yanayin ruwan. Kodayake ana rarrabe su azaman protozoa, masanan ilmin halitta suna ɗaukar su a matsayin ingantaccen ƙwaƙwalwa.

KA SAN CEWA.

Ana kuma kiran babban dorinar ruwa bayan an haife shi. Oididdigar kamannin octopus na wannan nau'in ya kai kilogiram 270, kuma tsawan hannu yakai kimanin 9.6 m.
Babban gizon dako ne na talakawa mazaunin yankin bakin teku. Da wuya shi ya nutse ƙasa da zurfin mita 100-300. Wannan dorinar ruwa tana haifar da rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. A cikin ranar yakan saba ɓoyewa a cikin kowane ɗakunan ajiya.
Uku ba zuciya mai taurin zuciya ke jan jini a duk jikin octopus, don haka mollusk din mollusk da sauri ya gaji kuma baya jure gwagwarmaya.

& nbsp & nbsp

SIFFOFIN CIKIN MULKIN NA GOMA

& nbsp & nbsp Makarfi: dorinar ruwa tana amfani da su don lalata ganima kuma tare da taimakon abubuwan da ke tokare kan dutsen. Masu karɓa mai hankali akan kofuna waɗanda suke tsotsa suna watsa bayani game da abubuwan da dorinar ruwa ta taɓa.
& nbsp & nbsp Funnel ko siphon: ruwa yana shiga cikinsa, daga abin da dorinar ruwa ke fitar da iskar oxygen don numfashi. Sa'an nan kuma an fitar da ruwan daga ramin sarƙar da karfi, wanda dalilin mollusk ɗin yana motsawa da sauri.
& nbsp & nbsp Beak: Ta hanyar karfin beke mai kauri, sai dorinar ruwa ta fashe da daskararru.
& nbsp & nbsp Hannuna: dorinar ruwa tana da hannaye takwas masu ƙarfi tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi - waɗanda ke ba da kama abinci.

LITTAFIN SAURARA
Babban gizon yana zaune a arewacin tekun Pacific, daga Alaska da Tekun Japan zuwa California a kudu.
SAURARA
Gurɓacewar iska ba shi da haɗari ga dorinar ruwa. Ba kamar danginsa ba, waɗanda ake farauta, ba ya buƙatar jin tsoron mutum.

Za a iya samun sakonni game da dodannin teku a kusan kowace kusurwa ta duniya, gami da labaru game da manyan macizai na teku. Amma saƙonni masu ban sha'awa suna zuwa daga aljanna makoma Bahaushe a cikin Caribbean. Wani abu mai girma da tsoro yana zaune a cikin ruwayen gida.

Dean's Hole Hole (ba za a gauraye shi da Babban Kogin Horo ba) - mafi zurfi a halin yanzu sanannan ramin shudi a duniyar (ma'anar kalmar rami shudi shine sunan gama gari don fashewar ruwa a ƙasa da ƙasa a matakin teku).

Hole Dina is located in a bay bay yamma da garin Clarence Town (Bahamas) a tsibirin Long Island. Zurfinta ya kai mita 202. Ramin Dina wuri ne da ya shahara wajen yawon bude ido da kuma ruwa iri daban-daban, duk da cewa ana daukar karshen lamarin a matsayin wani hadari mai matukar hatsari.

A zurfin zurfin iri, yaudarar rijiyoyi, rarrabuwa, wurare masu kunkuntar, kazalika da wani dodo mai suna, wanda ake yiwa lakabi da "Blue Hole Beast", na iya jira.

Mazauna yankin sun daɗe suna ba da labari game da dodo da ake kira Luska (Lusca). An bayyana Luska da kasancewa da haƙora masu kaifi da yawa, dogayen alfarma kamar daskararre. Girman Luska sunada girma kuma suka kai mita 60.

Sun ce yana iya canza launi kamar dorinar ruwa kuma yana kama da samin squid, eel da dragon. Gabaɗaya, kwatancin Luska na iya bambanta, amma wasu 'yan bayanai dalla-dalla a can ba za a canza ba - tantuna, gami da tashin hankali.

Mazauna yankin sun ce Luska na zaune a cikin wasu ramuka masu launin shudi a cikin gida, gami da Dina's Hole na Hoto, kuma tana farauta da daddare kuma har ma ta iya fashewa daga ruwan kuma ta afkawa mutane a cikin garin. Da yamma tana barci a cikin kogwannin ruwa.

Masunta suna ba da labarin abin da suka gani a matsayin wani abu mai jan kwale-kwale tare da mutane kusa da ramuka masu shuɗi a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Mutuwar yawancin ɗalibai waɗanda suka mutu yayin ruwa yayin da suke ɓoye ko ma ɓata ƙarƙashin ruwa galibi suna rataye su ne akan Luska. Kuma sau da yawa kamar ana samun gawawwakin nau'ikan fure tare da alamun kofuna waɗanda suka tsotsa a jikin, kamar dai daga tantunan babban giram.

Kodayake yana iya yin kama da labarai masu ban tsoro don nishaɗin baƙi, amma akwai wasu maganganu waɗanda ke shawo kanmu cewa ba duk masanin masunta ne ya ƙirƙira su ba. A 2005, daya daga cikin masu magana da yawun ya ce lokacin da aka nitse cikin rami mai launin shuɗi, sai ya afka shi da babban dako mai kisa, wanda tsayinsa ya kasance aƙalla mita 15. Diver din ya yi nasarar tserewa, amma mollusk din ya kama kyamarar sa tare da shinge tare da jawo shi cikin kogon shi.

Wani diver ya ce ya ga wata yar 'yar shark a ruwa a cikin ruwa ta wani shinge mai fadi kuma aka jawo shi cikin wani kogo.

Akwai kuma labarin wani matattarar jirgin ruwan kamun kifi wanda ya ga wani abu mai ƙarfi yana ƙoƙarin jan bulo da jan su ƙarƙashin ruwa. Daya daga cikin buoys an haɗe shi kai tsaye zuwa kan jirgin sai wani abu ya kama shi ya ja shi tare da ɗan lokaci.

A lokaci guda, sonar da ke cikin wannan jirgin ruwan ya nuna babban abu "pyramidal" a ƙarƙashin ruwa, kuma bayan an ɗora buɗaɗo da tarkunan da suka rataya a wuyansu tare da juya su, kamar dai suna cikin babbar nama.

Hoton talabijin din "Gaskiya Mallaka", yana ba da labarin abubuwan ban mamaki da yawa, ya ba da labari game da wannan halitta kuma a yayin yin fim ɗin ɗiyar sonar ta nuna kasancewar babban dabbar dabba yana kusa da bangon kogon.

Wani shahararren wasan kwaikwayon talabijin, kogin Monsters, shi ma ya ba da labari game da Lusk a wadannan wurare, kuma duk da cewa mai gabatarwa Jeremy Wade bai kama wani sabon abu ba, ya ba da shawara cewa dodo zai iya kasancewa mafi girma da dorinar ruwa.

Jeremy Wade ya ce "Babban gizon zai iya kamawa har ma ya ci wani mutum. Binciken da na yi kan wadannan halittu ya nuna cewa kaddara ce mai ban mamaki kuma hakan zai yiwu da halayyar sa," in ji Jeremy Wade.

Shin Luska na iya zama bude idanun manya-manya? Wataƙila. A shekara ta 2011, wani baƙon gawa yana wanka a bakin Bahamas, da alama yana da kan kai da baki kawai. Idan muka yarda cewa waɗannan ragowar layin ruwa ne ba tare da shinge ba, to a dunkule zai sami diamita na aƙalla mita 6-9.

Mafi yawancin nau'in octopus da aka sani shi ne babban dorinar ruwa (Enteroctopus dofleini). Manyan mutane har zuwa 150 cm a girma kuma suna nauyin kilo 30. Ana yin rijistar makarantun da suka kai kilo 50 na nauyi da kuma tsawan m 3 .. Akwai kuma rahotannin da ba a tabbatar da sahihancin su ba game da lura da bayanan octopuses 4.3 mita.

Wataƙila wasu daga gare su kai musamman manyan masu girma dabam? Matsalar ita ce, manyan octopuses suna zaune a Tekun Pacific, kuma ba a kusa da Bahamas (Ocean Ocean) ba. Ko ta yaya, ya nuna cewa babban octopuses na iya zama gaskiya, ba labari ba.

Manyan octopuses dabbobi ne na hakika da dabbobi masu zurfin karatu. Tsarin iliminsu kamar haka: nau'in da ake kira da suna Mollusks, aji - Cephalopods, team - Octopuses. Iyalin da suke ciki shine Octopodidae, asalin halittar shi ne Enteroctopus, kuma nau'in manya ne da ake kira octopus.

Irin wannan halayyar mai ban sha'awa. Za'a iya ƙara da cewa masana kimiyya masu binciken ilimin taƙasa ko mollusks ana kiransu masu cutar malaria.

Habitat

Manyan octopuses suna son ruwan sanyi, ana samun nutsuwa a gare su daga digiri 5 zuwa 12 na Celsius. Abun halitta ne a ɗauka cewa wannan nau'in ƙwayar halittar cephalopods baya faruwa a cikin tekuna masu zafi. Gasar su ta asali ita ce ruwan arewa na tekun Pasifik. Ya tashi daga Koriya ta kudu da Japan zuwa Primorye da kudancin Sakhalin. Bugu da kari, ana samunsu kusa da tsibirin Kuril da Kamchatka, Kwamandan da tsibirin Aleutian. A gabar tekun Amurka, ana iya samunsu har zuwa California.

Babban fasalin rarrabewa

Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana samun manyan octopuses masu nauyi daga kilo 1 zuwa 10 kuma manyan mutane har zuwa kilogram 30 ana samun su. Irin wannan daskararren ruwa ya kai 150 cm a tsayi. Commonarancin gama gari, amma suna rajista, samfurori masu nauyin 50 kilogram da masu girma dabam zuwa mita 3. Akwai bayanai akan halittun masu mita tara.

Ta yaya ake shirya manya-manyan sassan jikin dabbobi? Halinsu na musamman shine sashin kumburin ciki (yana da asali a cikin dukkanin octopuses), wanda a cikin wannan nau'in yana da W-siffar. Wannan sashin yana inganta musayar ruwa a cikin kwayoyi, kuma shine motar motar motsa jiki na octopus.Yaya motsi yake? Ciflopod ɗin yana jawo ruwa a cikin shimfiɗar murfin kuma yana ɗaure tsokoki na ciki, saboda wanda ruwa ta hanyar katako wanda ke cikin kwayar take motsawa da ƙarfi ta cikin ɓangaren ɓoyayyen, wanda shine bututu wanda aka fitar da ƙarshen ruwan. Godiya ga wannan "injin jirgi" octopus yana motsawa, kuma baya zuwa gaban. Godiya gareshi, a lokacin tsoro, dorinar ruwa ta jefa jaka, wani irin labule, daga cikin jakar tawada wacce take ga waɗannan mutanen.

Wani halin

Manyan octopuses suna da wasu fasalin fasalin - fatsin ocular. Waɗannan su ne fashewar fuska 3-4, ɗayan ɗayansu yana da siffar kunne. Bakin octopus yana tsakiyar tsakiyar zoben da ya kafa ta daga tafin paws, akwai baki a cikin bakin da yayi kama da na baki mai zurfi wanda yake jujjuyawa, saboda ƙananan muƙamuƙin ya shimfida sama da saman. Ta bakin beak, zaka iya tantance shekarun mutum. A tsoffin octopuses yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi, yayin da a cikin octopuses matasa yana da gaskiya. Tare da wannan ingantaccen kayan aiki, sai cephalopod ya shiga cikin shellbs na fasa da mollusk bawo. Octopuses suna da zuciya uku da jini shudi. Heartaya daga cikin zuciyar "aristocrat" tana motsa jini ta jiki, ɗayan biyun suna tura shi ta hanyar kwayar, godiya ga wanda dorinar ruwa ke fitarwa. Amma zai iya yin lokaci mai kyau ba tare da ruwa ba.

Manyan octopuses (an haɗa hoto) suna kama da wannan: suna da karamin jiki mai laushi yayin da aka kwatanta da tsawon tantin (akwai guda takwas a cikin su, daga nan sunan mollusk), "makamai" an haɗa su da gajerun gawarwakin, waɗanda suke da haɓaka kuma suna iya shimfiɗa zuwa launi mai haske. Wannan yana bawa hannayen hannu kwarin gwiwa. A kan kowane shinge akwai masu maye a cikin jere biyu a cikin adadin 250 zuwa 300 kowane. Cupaya daga cikin kofin tsotsa zai iya tallafawa nauyin 100 grams.

Sauran cikakkun bayanai na zoological

Wasu nau'in ƙwayoyin ruwa mai girma ba su da lahani. Kuma ba batun hotuna ba ne masu ban tsoro na masu cutar zazzabin cizon sauro (masanin kimiyya da ke nazarin mollusks da laushin laushi) Denis de Montfort. A yammacin gabar tekun Pasifik, ana samun octopuse mai launin shuɗi tare da guba maras amfani.

Kuna iya ƙarawa zuwa bayanin cewa a cikin harshen waɗannan cephalopods akwai radula, ko mai ƙaho mai ƙaho, wanda ya ƙunshi layuka bakwai na hakora masu juyawa, waɗanda mafi girma daga cikinsu suke a jere na tsakiya. Amma wannan ba cikakken bayani bane. Ya kamata a lura da hankali na waɗannan dabbobi, wanda ya yi daidai da tunanin kuliyoyi da karnuka. Kwakwalwar ruwa kuma tana da fata, sel waɗanda suke cike da launuka masu launuka masu yawa, godiya garesu, a cikin sakan daya kawai, dabba zata iya canza launi.

Girman gaske

Ctoaramin daskararren ruwa yana da tsawon bai wuce santimita 4 ba. Bisa hukuma bisa hukuma aka jera su cikin littafin Guinness a matsayin mafi girma daga cikin wannan nau'in, octopus yana da tsawon tantakai mai girman mita 3.5 kuma yana nauyin kilo 58. Akwai tatsuniyoyin da aka kama samfurin da ke dauke da nauyin kilo 272 wanda nauyinsu ya kai mita 9.5. Waɗannan tatsuniyar teku an ƙetare su daga tsara zuwa tsara, amma babu takamaiman hujjojin kimiyya da suka tabbatar da waɗannan labarun.

Rayuwar yau da kullun na maganin dorinar ruwa

A zahirin gaskiya, akwai babban dorinar ruwa mai suna octopus wanda sunansa a cikin Latin ya yi kama da wannan - Octopus Dofleini (octopus na Doflein). Wannan nau'in shine mafi yawan karatun. Tana zaune a bakin tekun Japan da Primorye, daga Amurka - daga Bristol Bay a arewa zuwa California a kudu. Wadannan octopuses suna da asali na asali. Da rana ba sa barin kogon, wanda galibi yana cikin zurfin ƙasa. Gidajen da ya fi so shine ƙasa mai dutse, ba ƙasa da mita 300 ba, da kowane shinge. Tsoffin octopuses suna zaune a gida, yayin da kananan octopuses suna yin ƙaura na lokaci (bazara da bazara). Su ko dai suna tafiya tare da farfajiyar a gindi, ko iyo, suna motsawa tsawon mil 4 a rana.

Fadada Genus

Octopus Dofleini ya zama ya manyanta ta hanyar jima'i da shekaru 3-4. Koyaya, ana iya ba da zuriya kawai yana da shekaru 5. A wannan karon, an gyara mazaunin mata na uku a cikin maza kuma ya zama silar hectocotyl. A lokaci guda, maniyyi na 8-10 sun bayyana a cikin jakar namiji, kowane ɗayansu ya kai mita. A lokacin da ake yin wankan haila a cikin zurfin daga mita 20 zuwa 100, namiji zai hadi da mace, ya sanya maniyyi 1-2 zuwa cikin ramin rigar jikinta ta amfani da maganin hectocotyl. Kuma a wannan lokacin, zai fi kyau m sha'awar dabbobin da ke da iri daban daban su nisanta kansu.

Igiyoyin mucous, wanda a ciki akwai qwai octopus masu kama da shinkafa, mace ta dakatar da ita daga rufin dajin. Bayan kwanaki 160 ko sama da haka, tsutsa take bayyana. Mace tana kiyaye zuriya (wani lokacin har sai da aka sanya mata ƙwai dubu 50) har sai mutuwarta, saboda bayan haɗuwa da mace da dorinar mace ta mutu. Na farko, larvae (4 mm a girma) ya tashi zuwa saman kuma ya zauna a can har tsawon watanni 1-2, bayan wannan ƙananan octopuses sun nutse zuwa ƙasa kuma, suna zama bentophanes (dabbobin da ke ciyar da kwayoyin halitta), da sauri suna da nauyi. Tabbas, ƙwararrun octopuse suna da abokan gaba da yawa - maɓuɓɓugan teku, zaki, tekuna da sauran dabbobin ruwa. Amma babban abokin gaba, ba shakka, mutum ne. Saboda shi, yawan manyan octopuse an rage sosai.

Kirken

Manyan octopuses na kraken, sananne ga duk labarun matuƙan jirgin ruwan Icelandic, labaru ne masu ban al'ajabi fiye da halittar gaske. Mazaunan "ƙasar kankara", waɗanda suka ba su wannan suna, sun wuce almara ta maganar bakinsu.

Akwai da yawa "asusun shaidun gani da ido" na dabbobin ruwa waɗanda matuƙan jirgin ruwa da masunta suka kuskure tsibirin saboda girman su, cewa Eric Pontopidan (1698-1774), wanda yake bishop na Bergen kuma mai son ɗan dabi'a, ya tattara cikakkiyar taƙaitaccen bayanin wannan marine mai girma. labarin baki. Amma cikin ƙauna tare da duk masanin ilimin dabbobi masaniyar nan Pierre-Denis de Montfort da aka riga aka ambata a sama, a cikin wani binciken da aka buga a cikin 1802, ya bayyana dodo na almara kuma har ma ya rarrabe shi, ya ba shi suna Kraken octopus. Masana kimiyya sun maida martani da ƙarfe, kuma binciken da aka sake bugawa bai ambaci kraken ba.

Ba a kowane cannibals ba

Manyan octopuses masu girma na halittar dabbobi suma halittun almara ne. Akwai bidiyo a inda irin wannan nau'in cannibal ke kai hari da diba wacce ke yin fim ɗin abin da ya faru akan kyamara. Ina mamakin nawa ma'aikacin ya zage dan tsokanar zaluncin kafin hakan? Kuma idan dorinar ruwa ta saka shinge a kusa da kyamarar, wannan baya nuna cewa shi mutum ne ba. Mafi muni, a wannan yanayin za su ci shi. Kuma abubuwan da aka ambata a sama masu launin shuɗi-mollusk mai launin shuɗi, wanda gubarsa ta zama guba ce ta wata hanya, idan suka kai hari ga mutum, to kawai a amsa yake, kuma ba wai don cin shi ba ne.

Duk octopuse suna da hankali da tsoro, kuma an ba da girman girman "masu kisan" a sama. Babu wasu shari'oin da hukuma ke tabbatar da tsokanar zalunci ta hanyar cephalopods. A cikin tatsuniyar da matuƙan jirgin ruwa na duniya, manya-manyan dorinar ruwa ya ragu. Ackingaukar da kai ga mutane, idan ba su maka dorinar ruwa da sanda ba, su ma daga nan suke. Octopuses yana ƙaunar mafaka - ɗakuna da kogon dutse, riƙe da jiragen ruwa da aka katse. Ko da daga cikin shuɗi, an haƙa wani kerolopod a ciki. Zai iya kai hari ne kawai ta hanyar kare kansa. Saboda haka, a wuraren da ake samun octopuse, mutum yakamata ya yi taka-tsantsan yayin kusanto da wani irin tsari.

Abubuwan al'ajabi na dabi'a

Wani lokaci teku tayi jifa da dodannin dodanni na teku daga zurfin ta zuwa gabar tekun. Ana samun sanannen sanannen dodo a bakin tekun Nuwamba 30, 1896 a gabashin yankin sashin Florida. Wata babbar halitta ce da wata gabar jiki har zuwa mita 11. An dauki hoton dodo kuma wasu bangarorin jikinsu masu maye ne, wadanda suka ba da izinin gudanar da bincike a cikin 1957, da kuma a 1971, da kuma 1995. Ba za a iya samun takamaiman bayanai ba. Amma yawancin masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa aljanin da ke jifan bakin Tekun Fashin Florida shine mafi girman gizarin ruwa ko squid. Koyaya, an faɗi abubuwa da yawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen game da “haɗuwa” ci karo da dodannin teku. A cikin hanyar sadarwar don masu son cannibals akwai shafukan yanar gizanci na musamman.

Haɗu da mafi girma na ruwa na ruwa bisa ga littafin Guinness Book of Records, ya kasance cephalopod, mai suna bayan masanin ilimin dabbobi na Jamus Doflein, tsawonsa ya kai 9.6 m kuma nauyin jikinsa ya kasance 272 kg. Zai yi wuya a gaskanta, amma irin wannan dodo yana girma daga tsutsa ne kawai mm mm 3-4 a cikin girman. Doflane octopuse kuma ana kiransu shaidanun teku don haɓakar su a cikin nau'i na ƙaho wanda ke saman idanun. Dangane da irin abubuwan haɓaka guda ɗaya, ana kiran su eared.

Babban giban sarki

A hoto na sama zaka iya ganin sarkin makiyaya a matsayin "na yara", a kasa sojojin Amurka suna rike da sarkin makiyaya mai mita 7 a jefa a gabar San Diego

Sarakuna masu rauni suna tsiro daga ƙaramin kifi zuwa manyan kifi mai ƙwanƙwasa, wanda tsawon jikinsa na iya kaiwa mita 11 a tsayi.

Giantan arctic cyan

Kuma aka sani da suna jellyfish na zaki, shine mafi girma ga dukkan nau'ikan sanannun jellyfish. Mafi girman mutum an gano bakin zaren a cikin Massachusetts Bay a 1870. Dududinta na jikinta ya kai mita 2.3, kuma tsawon tantin ya kasance mita 37. A cikin hoto zaka iya ganin jellyfish da aka gabatar da cikakken girma a dakin tarihi na Smithsonian na Tarihin Halittu a Washington

Yaren gizo na Japan

Japanesean itacen gizo-gizo na Jafananci yana da mafi tsayi guda ɗaya tsakanin arthropods Tsawon yatsunsa na iya kaiwa mitir 3.8 daga gindi zuwa gintse. Gwargwadon girman jikin gizo-gizo zai iya kaiwa 40 cm a tsayi, kuma nauyin jikinta duka ya kai kilo 19.

Babban Shark

Wannan siliki sananne ne ga jama'a saboda girmanta da rashin tsoro. Girman jikin mutum yana iya kaiwa zuwa 6.4 a tsayi, kuma nauyi na iya kaiwa zuwa tan 3.324. Matsakaicin rayuwar farin manyan sharks ne wanda aka kiyasta yana shekara 70. Hakanan muhimmiyar ma'ana ita ce cewa waɗannan kifayen kifayen na iya kaiwa zuwa saurin kilomita 57 / h.

Giant tridacna

Wadannan kwatancen kasa-da-kasa su ne mafi girma a duniya. Suna iya isa har zuwa m 1.2 a tsawon, suna yin nauyi fiye da kilo 227. Da zarar an jingine da itacen reef, jikin waɗannan gwanayen suna nan har abada. Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar manya manyan matakan tsufa ana kimanta su shekaru 100

Abubuwan Clam

Don numfashi, waɗannan cephalopods suna amfani da kwayoyi, ko da yake dorinar ruwa na iya zama ba tare da ruwa na dogon lokaci. Hakanan an bambanta su da sauran halittu masu rai:

Kasancewar zukata 3. Ana amfani da ɗayan ɗayan don yin kwalliya jini ta jiki, ana buƙatar ɗayan 2 don tura shi ta hanyar kwayoyi.
Jini mai launin shuɗi.
Idan muka yi magana game da matakin ci gaban octopuse, to masana kimiyya sun gwada su da karnuka.
Fuskokin fata na octopuses yana kunshe da sel wanda akwai launi mai launi wanda zai iya canza launin mollusk gaba ɗaya a sakan na biyu. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa tsokoki na musamman sun sami damar jan waɗannan ƙwayoyin, sakamakon abin da fensirin da ke cikinsu ya shimfiɗa walƙiya cikin sauri a duk faɗin fata, yana rufe ta.
Suna amfani da "injin jirgi" don motsawa.
Octopuses ba shi da harsashi ko kwarangwal, kuma jiki yana da sassauƙa kuma yana da ikon canza siffar. Kayan aiki mai tsauri a jikinsa shine bakin sa, wanda yayi kama da beak na akuya kuma ya kunshi keratin. Saboda wannan, mollusk, wanda nauyinsa yakai kilogiram 18, zai iya matsi cikin ramin, diamita wanda shine 3-4 cm.

Akwai samfurori masu guba - octopuse masu launin shuɗi-ruwa waɗanda ke zaune a tekun Pacific. An kuma kira su halittu masu haɗari a cikin duniya, tunda gubarsu mai guba ce sosai.

An sani cewa mafi ƙarancin octopus yana da jiki kawai tsayi cm 4 Amma game da shi wanne ne mafi girma daga masana kimiyya suna jayayya shekaru da yawa. Akwai shaidun cewa da zarar kifin ya sami octopus, wanda tsaransa yakai mita 9.6. Kuma ya auna kilogiram 272.

Bambanci ba wai kawai tsarin wannan mollusk ba ne. Ya kuma motsa a cikin wani sabon abu hanya. Don yin wannan, yana da rostrum a ƙarƙashin kansa - bututu na musamman, tushen abin da za'a iya kwatanta shi da injin jirgin sama. Don yin iyo, sai ya jawo wani ruwa a cikin mayafinsa, wanda aka jefa yayin ƙwanƙolin tsokoki na katifa.

Dorinar ruwa tana motsa "baya." A lokaci guda, gabobinsa suna nan a bayan jiki. Abubuwa biyu masu matsanancin shinge suna taka rawar fuka-fukai, tare da taimakon wanda zai iya canza yanayin motsirsa. Sauran an sanya aikin fuselage.

Lokacin da dorinar ruwa ta firgita, sai ta fitar da wani yanki na tawada ta hanyar rostrum, wacce take aiki a matsayin nau'in allo na hayaki wanda zai iya kare ta daga hatsarin.

Babban wakilan octopuses

Idan muna magana game da masu riƙe rikodin a tsakanin waɗannan mollusks, mafi girma shine Doctoran Doflein. Gashin kansa yana da girman kusan 60 cm kuma tsayinta mai tsayi ofis 3. Mitar mafi girman octopus mafi girma shine kimanin kilo 60.

Suna zaune a cikin arewacin ruwa na Tekun Pacific, tunda Doflane na iya jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali ne kawai a yanayin zafi. Yanayin mafi kyawu a gare shi shine zazzabi wanda bai wuce digiri 12 ba. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana haɗuwa da su ta hanyar masanan da ke nutse tare da kayan ƙoshin ruwa, saboda octopuse na iya iyo a zurfin zurfin ko a saman ruwa. Ctoungiyar dabbobi da yawa suna iyo a cikin garken, duk suna kai farmaki ga ganima tare.

Abokan gasa mafi kusa

Daga cikin wadannan giram ɗin, babu samfuran ƙarami mai ban sha'awa. Mafi girma daga cikinsu sune:

Octopus na kowa. Ana iya samun wannan magabacin a cikin tekunan wurare masu zafi da keɓaɓɓun wurare. Suna zaune cikin ruwa mara nauyi. Matsakaicin tsayin jikin irin wannan daskararre shine 25 cm, kuma nauyin yawanci baya wuce kilo 10. Suna rayuwa ne galibi cikin kauna, suna ɓoyewa daga makiya a cikin dutse ko dutse. Ya ci gaba da farauta, daskararren daskararren ruwa yana cikin masked. Irin waɗannan mollusks suna rayuwa na kimanin shekaru 2.
Dorinar ruwa. Siffar halayyar mollusk ita ce nauyinta mai sauƙi tare da babban tsawon jiki. A waje, ya yi kama da babban gizo-gizo tare da dogaye da bakin ciki. Akwai Apollions a bakin tekun Alaska, Kanada ko California, inda ruwan sanyi yake haifar musu da kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa.

Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, girman su ya ragu sosai. Wannan na iya zama saboda gurɓatar ruwan teku ko kuma kamawa, wanda ke faruwa akan ma'aunin masana'antu. Kodayake akwai yuwuwar cewa waɗannan Kattai sun koma zurfin wannan zurfin inda mutum bai riga ya gangara ba, wanda zai iya haifar da canjin yanayin yanayin haɓaka da haɓaka zafin jiki na ruwa a cikin tekuna da tekuna.

Pacific cephalopod shine. An shigar da shi cikin Littafin Guinness na Records, saboda girman sa yafi girma fiye da na sauran mollusks. Dodo yana da tanti tare da tsawon 3.5 m da nauyinsa kimanin kilo 58.

An sami wani babban daskararren ruwa a cikin gabar ruwan New Zealand. Ya auna kimanin kilogram 75, kuma tsawon jikinsa ya kai tsawon 4. Masunta sun kama wannan katuwar. Abin baƙin ciki, ya mutu. Mutane sun haɗu da irin waɗannan manyan octopuses a da, amma yawanci ba sa iyo a cikin ruwan dumi na yankin Pacific. Mafi yawancin lokuta ana iya samo su a arewacin ɓangaren teku a zurfin zurfin.

Live babbar octopuses, shima, kusan ba zai yiwu a gani ba. Suna zaune a wurare masu zurfi, tsakanin duwatsu, duwatsu da algae. Gidan octopus mazaunin rago ne mai ƙima tare da ƙofar da ke ciki. Mafi sau da yawa, mutane suna yin haɗuwa don haɗuwa da ƙwalƙwalwar talakawa. Ana kuma kiranta "oktopus." Irin waɗannan dabbobi suna bazu ko'ina cikin duniya. Ana samunsu a cikin tekuna na wurare masu zafi da sanyi, cikin zurfi da cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Octopuses ba sa rayuwa cikin ruwa mai kyau.

Fasali na mafi girma octopus a duniya

Wannan mafi kyawun misali ne na sauran 'ya'yan itace-maciji.Tana da bayyanar da ba ta saba ba - jiki mai taushi da gajeru, dogaye da ƙyalli tare da kofuna waɗanda suka tsotsa. Aikin wata gabar jiki ana yin ta ne ta hanyar tantuna 8 da mahaifa ke aiki. Kowane ƙwallon tsoka na cikin ruwa yana da ikon tallafawa kusan gram 100 na nauyi. Wata katuwar cephalopod tana numfashi ta amfani da gills. Koyaya, octopus na iya tsawan lokaci mai tsawo ba tare da ruwa ba.

Kwatancen wannan mazaunin ruwan shine kasancewar zukata uku. Godiya ga ɗayansu, jinin shudi mai ruwan ɗamari na motsa jiki. Sauran zukatan biyu sun sa ta wuce ta hanyar gwauraye.

Shin octopuse yana da haɗari ga mutane?

Hadarin yana da illa ga mutane. Waɗannan sun haɗa da octopuse masu launin shuɗi, waɗanda ana samun su a yamma na tekun Pacific. Suna cikin manyan halittu masu haɗari ga mutane. Gubarsu tana da guba sosai.

Babbar octopus a duniya - dabba mai hankali

Masana kimiyya sun ce octopuse suna da wayo. Ana iya kwatanta su da kuliyoyi da karnuka. Sun iya canza inuwarsu a sakan daya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙwayoyin musamman waɗanda ke cikin launi mai launi. Idan ana so, cephalopod zai iya canza launin saurinsa farare daga fari zuwa mai kyau.

Kowane octopus yana da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai kyau kuma yana da sauƙin horarwa. Suna iya bambance siffofi na geometric kuma suna iya gane mutane. Idan ka bata lokaci mai yawa tare da dorinar ruwa, to ya zama abin zamewa.

Iyakitocin mahaifa ma'asumi ne

Masana kimiyya koyaushe suna jayayya game da girman octopus mafi girma a duniya. Babu takamaiman amsar, tunda akwai shaidu cewa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata mutane sun sami manyan mutane da yawa. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan kabarin yana da katako mai tsayi kusan 9.6 m, kuma nauyinsa ya kai mita 272. Amma waɗannan bayanan ba su da tabbacin hukuma.

Mafi Girma Ra'ayin - Likita na Doflein

Sun kira shi giant, saboda girmanta kawai abin ban mamaki ne! Volumeaukar kai shine 60 cm, kuma nauyin alfarwar ya wuce m 3. nauyinsa shine 60 kilogiram. An tabbatar da ingantaccen girma kuma an tabbatar da shi. Wannan dabba mai ruwa tana zaune a cikin tekun Pacific ta Arewa saboda tana son ruwan sanyi. Zazzabi mai gamsarwa don wannan octopus ya tashi daga +5 zuwa +12 digiri. Doflein galibi yana haɗuwa da nau'ikan scuba, saboda yana iyo ba kawai kusa da tushe ba, har ma a kusa da farfajiya. Abubuwan da aka fi so a cikin wuraren octopuse sune bays a cikin yashi da ƙwaƙwalwa. A wuraren da suke buɗe, suna tono ramuka ta amfani da tantuna.

Halaye masu ban sha'awa na manyan octopuses na duniya

Doctoran Doflein shine mafi ƙididdigar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyi. Ya saba da Teku mai nisa, a bakin tekun Japan da Amurka. Matsakaicin matsakaitan irin waɗannan dabbobi shine m 3, amma taro yana gab da 25 kilogiram. Matasa matasa suna halin ƙaura na yanayi - a kaka da damina, suna ƙaura zuwa yankunan teku kuma bayan ɗan lokaci dawo. Suna tafiya, duka biyu iyo a ƙafa - octopuses suna tafiya tare da ƙasan teku a hannunsu. Saurin motsin su shine kilomita 4 a rana.

Manyan octopuse mafi girma a duniya suna ciyar da bizzaves, crabs, kifi da ƙananan octopuses. Octopuses suna kiyaye ramukarsu a tsari. Lokaci-lokaci, suna wanke tsari da jiragen ruwa. Dabbobin hagu sun watsar.

Tsofaffi suna da raunin rauni da yawa waɗanda suka karɓa yayin mummunan yaƙin tare da danginsu. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa ana nuna su ta hanyar haɓaka ta "gida." A koyaushe suna yin faɗa, suna ƙoƙarin kare yankinsu. Manyan octopuses galibi suna nasara.

Halayyar waɗannan dabbobi suna da ban sha'awa. Misali, suna iyo daga baya - alfarwan suna gaban jiki. A cikin tsoro, suna fitar da tawada ta hanyar gogewar, wanda ke rage kwarewar abokan gaba da wari kuma hanya ce ta sakewa.

Babbar octopus a duniya - Kwayar halittar ruwa ta Doflein, tana haifar da babbar sha'awa tsakanin mabambantan yanayi, kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mazaunan tekun da suka yi fice. Ctoungiyar dabbobi da yawa suna zuwa abinci. Ana ƙaunar su musamman a ƙasashen Gabas. Jafananci suna da jita-jita da yawa wanda har yanzu suna amfani da ɗaiɗaikun mutane. An yanyanka alfarwansu an cinye su yayin da tsokoki har yanzu suke murɗawa.

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