Kwanan nan, ana kallon tsibirin da ba shi da ma'ana a matsayin kawai wakilin halittar Amblonyx, amma bayan binciken DNA, an gano wani ɓarnar Afirka mara ma'ana a ciki.
Siffar jikin dabba tana da tsawo da kuma fadadawa, wanda, duk da haka, ana iya faɗi game da babban gizon. Shugaban ya dan fadi kadan, idanun suna a gaban. Kunnuwa suna ƙanana da zagaye, wanda a ciki akwai nau'in bawul ɗin da ke rufe canjin kunne lokacin da ruwa ke gudana. Kafafuwan sunada gajeru, yatsunsu kuma wani bangare ne, wanda ya banbance sikirin da babu sauran su. Godiya ga wannan, dabba zata iya gudanar da ayyukanta mafi kyau, haka nan ta kama ganima tare da kumburin ta, ba tare da bakin ta ba.
Wutsiyar tukunyar Asiya wadda ba ta da ma'amala a gindi tana da kauri, tsoka, kuma yayin da ta kusan ƙarshen ya zama bakin ciki. A gindinsa akwai ƙamshi mai ƙanshi wanda dabbar ke alamar yankin. Tare da taimakon sa, dabbar tana haɓaka kyakkyawan gudu cikin ruwa, ta yin amfani da kafaɗun hindatu kamar rudder.
Jawo ya ƙunshi yadudduka biyu: babba mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi tare da tsawon gashi har zuwa 2.5 cm, da ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaho mai zurfi. A kan mafi yawan jiki, fur ɗin baƙi ne mai laushi, kuma kawai a cikin ciki da makogwaro suna da launin toka ko launi mai tsami.
Abubuwan Asiya marasa ma'ana na Asiya suna aiki da rana. Suna zaune a cikin kananan dangi wanda yakai mutum 12, wanda a ciki akwai maza manya da mata, sauran kuma zuriyarsu ne. Dabbobin suna zaune tare, suna wasa tare kuma suna kare yankinsu daga masu fafatawa. Don sadarwa da juna, suna amfani da sauti, kuma, har ilayau, ƙanshi.
Otters suna yin nau'i biyu ga rayuwa. Mace na iya kawo magudanar ruwa guda 2 a kowace shekara, kowannensu na iya samun 1aya 1 zuwa 6. Cutar ciki tana da kwanaki 60, amma har yanzu kananan dabbobi suna haihuwar ba su girma, kuma da farko sun kusan daina motsawa, Ina samun abinci daidai a cikin baccina. Ciyarwa yana faruwa kowane sa'o'i 3-4, kuma bayan watanni 3 kawai zasu iya cin abinci mai ƙarfi. Namiji yakan taimaka wa mace duka wajen gina gida da kuma yadda ake fitar da abinci ga dabbobin dabbobi.
Yawancin abincin ya ƙunshi ƙananan hanyoyin motsa jiki kamar karnuka da sauran ɓawon burodi, mollusks da amphibians. Bugu da kari, jijiyoyi, macizai, kwaro, kwari da kifi suma suna zuwa abinci. Don gano ganima a cikin ruwa mai kauri, ƙwayar murƙushewar tana amfani da faffadar fa'ida, kuma tana iya kasancewa a cikin ruwa tsawon minti 6-8.
Bayan sun kama ganima, sai su buɗe harsashin kwanon (idan akwai) da taimakon gabannun goshin da na motsi na musamman.
Hakanan koya game da:
- Shin aku akuya yayi kama da mujiya?
- Shin gaskiya ne cewa cinikin abarba abarba kamar abarba?
- Me yasa zezar dutsen dutse take jikin?
- Shin gaskiya ne cewa gungun masu yin katako na katako suna iya tara ciyayi 60,000 na hunturu?
- Kwana mala'ikan kifi
22.08.2019
Itace wadda ba ta da mayun Asiya (lat.Aonyx cinerea) cikin dangin Kunya (Mustelidae). Ita ce mafi ƙarancin otter a duniya. Ya bambanta daga jinsin da aka danganta da farko ta hanyar rage yawan farashi da membranes na ruwa, wanda ya kara yawan motsi na yatsa. Wannan tsarin yana ba ta damar buɗe ƙwararrun mollusks na bivalve mollusks.
Dabba kuma ana kiranta da gabashin otal mara iska. Yana da matsayin kiyayewa daga jinsin a cikin wuri mai wahala. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawanta yana raguwa a koyaushe. Babban dalilin rage shi shine gurbata yanayin muhalli tare da magungunan kashe qwari da salts na karafa masu nauyi. Suna kaiwa ga keta alfarma a cikin jikin dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma raunana aikin haifuwa.
An fara bayanin jinsunan a cikin 1815 daga masanin ilimin dabbobi na kasar Jamus Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger.
Yaɗa
Mazaunin yana cikin kudu maso gabas Asia, Bangladesh, a kudu da arewa maso gabashin Indiya. Yawancin mazaunan suna zaune a lardunan kudu na China, a kan Tsibirin Malay, Philippines da tsibirin Sumatra, Java da Borneo.
Dabbobin za su zauna kusa da wuraren tafki tare da wadataccen abinci, amma tsirrai masu tsibiran bakin teku. Mafi sau da yawa, ana samun su a bakin tekun, a bakin teku da kuma a kewayen tsibiri. Dabbobi sun fi son wuraren da ke da danshi da ciyawar. Yawancin lokaci ana iya ganin su a filayen shinkafa ban ruwa.
Abubuwan da ke ɓoye na Gabas ba su guji buɗe wuraren da suke da wahala a gare su su ɓoye daga mafarauta. A cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka, ana lura da su zuwa tsawan sama har zuwa 2000 m sama da matakin teku. Dabbobin suna yawanci kusa da Indiya (Lutrogale perspicillata) da Sumatran otters (Lutra sumatrana).
Akwai ƙananan biyan kuɗi 3. Noungiyoyin masu ƙarancin kuɗi sun zama ruwan dare a Penasar Malay.
Halayyar
Mabulbulan mara ma'ana suna zaune a cikin kananan kabilu na mutane 6-12. Yawancin lokaci sun haɗa da dabbobi na tsararraki da yawa. Couplean matan biyu ne ke da rinjaye, kuma sauran membobin ƙungiyar suna taimaka mata ta haɓaka matasa.
Aiki yana bayyana kanta da rana. Yawancin mazauna suna zaune a wurare da ba a yarda da mutane ba, amma wasu suna jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali kusa da ƙauyukan ɗan adam.
Asiya mara igiyar ruwa ta otter tana iyo daidai. A cikin yanayin ruwa, yana motsawa da sauri, yana motsa ƙafafunsa da wutsiya. A lokacin yin iyo, yakan tashi sama da dukkan sassan jikin mutum.
A karkashin ruwa, dabbar za ta iya zuwa minti 8, kodayake galibi ana iyakance shi zuwa 30 seconds.
Bayan ya isa bakin teku, sai ya shafa wa duwatsu da tambari domin ya bar kamshi a kansu. Iyakokin yankin da aka mamaye duk membobin kungiyar suna masu alamar da yawa. Suna kare su daga mamayewar baƙi, ta amfani da haƙoran haƙoransu.
A tsakanin ciyarwa, dabbobi suna hutawa ko shirya wasannin haɗin gwiwa. Sun kwana a cikin wani tsari a karkashin kasa.
Tsakanin su, masu baƙar magana maras ma'amala suna magana ta hanyar tushen ƙanshi da alamomin sauti. Dandano mai ƙamshi a cikinsu yana ƙarƙashin wutsiyoyi. An sanya alamomi a jikin tsoffin bishiyoyi, bishiyoyi da hanyoyi na hanyoyin da aka rufe. Don a sanar da kasancewarsu, dabbobi sun gina matattarar yashi, tsakuwa, laka da ciyawa. Alamar Tactile da jigogi iri iri suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sadarwa.
Abinci mai gina jiki
Tushen abincin shine crustaceans da mollusks. Ana cin abinci Amfibians zuwa ƙarancin kaɗan. Yankin babba hakora na baya mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi suna ba da sauƙi ga rushe ƙwancen katako, crayfish, katantanwa, mussel da oysters.
Duk da girman karatun da ake yi, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ɗan adam koyaushe yana farauta shi kaɗai. Wasu lokuta yakan ci ƙananan kifaye, ƙwayoyin kwari da kwari.
Maharbin ya sami ganima cikin ruwa tare da taimakon m, tare da babban inganci wajen tantance wurin wanda abin ya shafa. Bayan saukar karfin jiki, sau da yawa tana cin abinci a kan laka (Periophthalmus) kuma tana tono mollusks a cikin sanadi.
Masu fafutuka suna kama abin da za su ci da hannun damansu. Suna buɗe mollusks da yatsunsu ko kuma wani lokacin suna barin su a rana, suna jiran su buɗe kansu.
Bayanin ingantaccen otter
Maɗaukakiyar mace mai laushi tayi girma idan aka kwatanta ta da mace. Jikin yana da tsawo, kafafu sunyi gajeru tare da kaifi mai kaifi, akwai membranes tsakanin yatsunsu. Idanun suna da fadi. A mucks ne takaice. Hanci yana da siffar harafin "V". Gashin-baki yayi kauri Wutsiya tana da kauri, tana matsawa zuwa kusurwar, tsawonta shine 40.5-50.5 santimita.
Jawo na otter ya yi kauri, kaɗa biyu, mara nauyi don taɓawa. Tsawon gashin gashi shine milimita 12-14, kuma tsayin dansandan yakai milimita shida. Launin Jawo a sashin jiki na launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, kuma ciki da bangarorin sun fi sauki.
M Otters Rayuwa
Wadannan otters suna aiki da yawa a yamma, wani lokacin zasu iya zama masu aiki da rana. M anaters sau da yawa ana cikin rukuni.
A cikin ruwa, otters mai santsi suna da ƙarfi sosai. Suna neman ganima tare da gashin-baki. Lokacin da otter yayi iyo a hankali, to dukkan kafafu 4 suna da hannu, kuma suna yin saurin sauri tare da taimakon kafafunsu da wutsiya, yayin da manyan goshin suna matse jikin.
Abubuwan da ke da laushi masu rauni suna da babban adadin na rayuwa; saboda haka, don jin dadi, yakamata suci kilo 1 na abinci kowace rana.
Otters dabbobi ne masu cin abinci, abincinsu ya ƙunshi kashi 75-100% na kifaye, amma kuma suna cin duk wata halitta mai rai da za su iya kamawa, alal misali, ƙyallen dutse, shrimps, lobsters, frogs, ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, mollus, kwari, berayen ruwa, kunkuru, tsutsotsi , tsuntsayen da ƙwaiyensu.
Abokan gaba masu dusar ƙanƙan da kai sune karnuka, karnukan daji da kuma manyan tsuntsayen ganima. Tsawon rayuwar masters masu launin gashi mai santsi a cikin yanayi shine shekaru 4-10, kuma a zaman fursuna suke rayuwa na kusan shekaru 20.
Tsarin Zaman Lafiya na tersasari
Waɗannan dabbobi masu halayyar jama'a ne. Mata suna rayuwa tare da iyalai tare da maza kuma suna ilmantar da matasa. An yi imanin cewa babbar mace a cikin rukuni tana ɗaukar mace.
Kayan dangi yakai nisan murabba'in 7 zuwa 12. Akwai yiwuwar burrows da yawa. Entranceofar rami yana ƙarƙashin matakin ruwa, amma ana iya samun mafita sama da ɗaya.
Tersarancin da ba su da laushi suna alamar iyakokin yankin su tare da faɗowa da ɓoye musk, wanda aka keɓance shi daga glandin ƙwanƙolin da ke gindin wutsiya. Ana amfani da alamun Odor ba kawai don ƙayyade iyakokin shafin ba, har ma a matsayin hanyar sadarwa. Suna kuma amfani da taɓawa, yanayin jikin mutum, da siginar sauti don sadarwa tare da juna. Idan masu adawar suna cikin wani yanayi na farin ciki, sai ta yi sicals da whistles.
Sake bugun otters masu santsi
Tersashirwa mara laushi sune dabbobi masu haɗuwa da juna waɗanda ke haifar nau'i mai ƙarfi. Mace ta kawo zuriyarta a cikin wani rami mai ɓoye, wanda ke kusa da ruwa. Mazaunin ya zauna a cikin kogon har sai sun sami independentancin kai. Mace na iya share ramin da aka bari ko kuma ta tono sabon.
Akwai zuriya 1 a kowace shekara. Lokacin kiwo don masu ƙyalƙyali masu kamshi mai kauri yana wucewa daga Agusta zuwa Disamba. Wani mahimmin fasali na mayuka masu launin gashi mai laushi shine cewa sun zama gungun dangi.
Cutar ciki tana da shekaru 2. Bayan haka, jarirai 2 zuwa 5 kuma marasa taimako suna haihuwa cikin mace. Idanunsu kawai suke budewa wata daya. Matar tana ciyar da cuban ta tare da madara tsawon watanni 3-4. Lokacin da 'yan kwikwiyo suka daina shayar da madara, namiji ya shiga cikin dangi, daga yanzu ya taimaka ya basu abinci.
A kusan shekaru 1, matasa suka bar iyayensu kuma suka fara rayuwa mai zaman kansu. Balagagge a cikin otters mai santsi yana faruwa a shekaru 2.
Otters M da tersan Adam
Mutane na cinye abubuwa masu santsi ko ƙyalƙyali. Abubuwan riguna, kayan ado da kayan dawakai an sanya su daga fatun waɗannan dabbobi. Ana fitar da mai daga mai, wanda ake amfani dashi don shirya maganin gargajiya. Orble nama.
Yawan mayuka masu kaifin gashi da kewayonsu suna raguwa sakamakon lalacewar yanayi: aikin gina tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki, aikin gona, magudanan ruwa, gandun daji da gurbacewar muhalli. Bugu da kari, mutane suna yin kamun kifi sosai a kan ababen hawa na gari, wanda hakan ke matukar damun jama'a.
Lafiyar Qasa da rarrabawa
Wannan nau'in yana rayuwa daga gabas ta Indiya zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya, kuma ana samun shi a wasu wurare a Iraki.
Masaƙasasusushin da ba su da laushi suna zaune a wuraren da akwai wuraren tafkuna masu yawa - kwari na peat, manyan kogunan daji, tabkuna da filayen shinkafa. Suna da kyau sosai ga rayuwa kusa da ruwa, amma, duk da haka, suna jin daɗin rayuwa a doron ƙasa, kuma suna iya yin tafiye-tafiye masu nisa zuwa cikin ƙasa don bincika wurin zama.
Terararren mai-gashi mai laushi yana shirya rakiyarsa a cikin ɓoye ko duwatsun dutse. Wasu daga cikinsu suna iya gina keɓaɓɓiyar hanyar kusa da ruwa, wanda ya yi kama da gidan mai gidan, tare da ƙofar ruwa da rami wanda ke kaiwa zuwa gida kusa da ruwa.
Darajar tattalin arziki
A Bangladesh, ana amfani da mashin mai-gashi mai kamshi a kan kamun kifi: otters (a cikin adadin uku zuwa biyar), wanda aka ɗaure daga leashes na katako mai tsawo, fitar da kifin a raga da masunta ke jan su. Sau da yawa sau dayawa, tare da tsofaffi masu fafutukar, ma ana amfani da san su. Su, sabanin manya, ba a ɗaure su ba, tunda har yanzu suna iyo iyayensu. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar kamun kifi a kasar Sin a karni na 7 kafin haihuwar Yesu.
Habitat
Baƙi (Indiya) otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) an rarraba shi daga gabashin Indiya zuwa Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, wanda kuma aka samu a wasu sassan Iraki. Wadannan dabbobin suna zaune a wuraren da akwai wuraren ajiya iri-iri - peat bogs, manyan kogunan daji, tabkuna da filayen shinkafa. Suna da kyau sosai ga rayuwa kusa da ruwa, amma, duk da haka, suna jin daɗin rayuwa a doron ƙasa, kuma suna iya yin tafiye-tafiye masu nisa zuwa cikin ƙasa don bincika wurin zama.
Bayyanar
M otter mafi girma daga duk bangarorin kudu maso gabas na Asiya, tana da nauyin kilo 7-11 kuma ta kai tsawon mil 1.3, tare da maza sun fi girma fiye da mace. Kamar sauran masu fada-a-ji, masu bakin gashi masu santsi suna da yatsun webbed da ƙarfi na paws tare da kaifi mai kaifi. Jikin mai kaifin-gashi mai kauri yana da tsawo da kauri, kafafu suna gajerun yadudduka, tare da kaifi mai kaifi, wuya da kai suna da fadi, kunnuwa sun yi kasa-kasa, idanu suna nesa nesa da juna. A mucks ne takaice, gashin-baki yayi kauri, Jawo mai kauri ne mai kauri, biyu. Ragowar gashi shine tsawon 12-14 mm, kayan karkashin kasa shine mm 6 mm. Kayan wannan otter ya fi guntu da laushi fiye da sauran jinsunan otter. Fur daga haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da bayan, kuma daga ƙasa haske launin ruwan kasa, wani lokacin yakan kai kusan launin toka. Kafafu na gaba na wannan otter sun fi gajerun kafa na baya, wutsiya tana da kauri, mai kamanni.
Halayyar zamantakewa da sake haifarwa
Otters Masu Sanda samar da nau'i mai ƙarfi na mace biyu. Yankin abinci na ma'aura ko dangin otters sun mamaye yanki na 7-12 km2 kuma ya haɗa da ɗayan ko ƙari guda tare da aƙalla ƙofa ɗaya a ƙarƙashin matakin ruwa. Markeda'idodin yankuna alamar alama ce ta tarin tsirai da ɓarnar ɓoyayyen gland mai narkewa wanda yake a gindin wutsiya. Otters suna amfani da ƙanshin don ƙayyade iyakokin yanar gizon kuma a matsayin hanyar sadarwa: suna alamar ciyayi, dutse mai laushi ko kan iyakar gabar yankinsu.
Kaya mai-gashi mai laushi ba shi da takamaiman lokacin kiwo, amma lokacin da iskar ta dogara da ruwan sama, haihuwa na faruwa ne tsakanin watan Agusta da Disamba. Haihuwarta tana da kwanaki 61-65, bayan haka haihuwar biyu zuwa biyar. Newan jarirai makafi ne da marasa taimako, amma bayan kwana talatin idansu a buɗe, kuma bayan wasu kwanaki sittin waɗannan san na iya iyo. Mace tana ciyar da saurayi da madara tsawon lokaci, har zuwa watanni 3-4. A lokacin da ya kai kusan shekara guda, matasa dabbobi suka bar kungiyar dangi suka fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Ba kamar sauran otters ba, mai-mai-gashi mai laushi ya zama ƙungiyoyi na iyali. Namiji ya shiga kungiyar bayan an yaye kawunnan, sannan kuma ya taimaka ya samar da kayan kukan. Otters ya kai ga balaga tun yana ɗan shekara biyu.