- BAYAN gaskiyar
- Lokacin rayuwa da mazauninta (lokacin): rabin farko na lokacin Cretaceous (kimanin shekaru miliyan 140-120 da suka shude)
- An samo: a cikin 1822, Ingila
- Masarauta: Dabbobi
- Era: Mesozoic
- Nau'i: Chordates
- Kungiya: Kaji
- Groungiyoyin :ungiyoyi: Magunguna
- Class: Abubuwa masu rarrafe
- Squadron: Dinosaurs
- Lantarki: Ornithopods
- Iyali: Iguanodonts
- Harshen Genus: Iguanodon
Ya rayu kuma ya ci garke. Rayuwarsu ta wuce kusa da ƙananan tafkuna, waɗanda ke kewaye da manyan sassan itace. Hakoransu suna kama da na banana a halin yanzu, saboda haka tunda sun samo kwarangwal ɗin farko na wannan nau'in, masana kimiyya sun rikita shi da tsobay. Daga baya ne kawai aka sami cikakkun kasusuwa da manyan hakora.
Wannan dinosaur ya ciyar da ciyayi kawai, yana iya motsa duka biyu da kafafu biyu da kafafu 4. Hannun yatsun ya yi yatsu.
Me kuka ci kuma wane salon rayuwa kuka jagoranta?
Rayuwa ta faru kusan ko'ina cikin arewacin Amurka, a Turai, Afirka da Asiya. Sun ci galibi ganye daga bishiyoyi da bushes, kamar hakora suna da fadi kuma suna da karfi, zavr na iya tara ganye mai yawan gaske a kumatun ta tauna ta, yayin da sauran ganyayyakin suka hadiye duwatsu don nika abinci.
Liman
Akwai paws 4, gaban yayi guntu fiye da na baya. Wannan nau'in ne kawai wanda zai iya motsawa akan ƙafafun biyu ko biyu a 4. Yatsun yatsu 3 akan kafafun hular. Kafafun gaba suna tare da yatsu biyar, matsayinsu kusan iri ɗaya ne da na mutum. Wannan yana nuna cewa iguanodon zai iya ja ganye ba kawai tare da baki ba, har ma da gaban sa. Akwai yalwataccen yatsu a kowane yatsunsu, amma a yatsa na 5 akwai wani babban kambamen yatsa, wannan na iya samar da kariya daga maharan.
Zai iya haɓaka saurin gudu zuwa 25 km / h. Wutsiyar ta taimaka wajen daidaitawa yayin da yake gudana.
Labarin Gano
Iguanodon shine farkon dinosaur na dabbobi da aka gano.
- Gideon Mantella ne ya gano ragowar farkon Iguanodon a cikin 1822 a cikin kudu maso gabashin Ingila kusa da birnin Sussex. A cewar almara, matar Mantella ta gano hakoran farko a yayin tafiya tare a cikin daji, sannan Mantel ya sayi manyan kasusuwa da aka samo a cikin kwandon kusa da Whitemans Green, wanda yayi kwatancen dinosaur a shekarar 1825.
- A cikin 1834, a cikin gundumar Kent, kusa da Maidstone (Ingila), an gano ƙasusuwa irin wannan kayan maye. Mantell ya sayi katange tare da ragowar fam miliyan 25 kuma a wannan shekarar da aka buga kuma aka buga bayanin samfurin da aka samo.
- A Beljim (Bernissar) a cikin 1878, an sami wani makabartar Iguanodon gaba ɗaya a wani zurfin zurfin mita 322. 38 kusan cikakkiyar lafiyayyen kasusuwa an gano, mai yiwuwa ana lokaci guda aka binne su da magudanar ruwa. Yanzu an wakilce su a Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Al'adu ta Belgium.
- Daga baya aka gano kasusuwa a Mongolia, South Dakota, da Tunisia.
Iguanodons
IguanodonBernissartensis - wannan wani ra'ayi ne na kamanninananan, wanda aka inganta Boulenger a cikin 1881 shekara, wanda aka samo kusa da Bernissard da ko'ina cikin Turai.
Iguanodon galvensis - alama a ciki2015 kowace shekara, an samo gawar a kusa da Teruel (Spain) a adibas ɗin rijiyar Barremian.
Tsarin kwarangwal
Liman gwiwowin baya ya fi tsayi kuma ya fi ƙarfi a farkon faduwar gaba, kuma a lokacin da ƙyallen za ta iya tashi a ƙafafun ta don isa ga ganye ko kuma gano kewayen yatsunsu biyar suna nan a goshin. tsakiya 3 sunada yawa kuma anyi amfani dasu don tallafawa. Siffar iguanodon ya kasance wani ƙaramin abu wanda ya kasance akan yatsun farko. Itaciyar da aka kiyaye ta daga magabatan kuma ta taimaka wa dinosaur da kwayar ta fashe, da farko an yi kuskure don kaho a hanci. Yatsun yananan sunada yawan fitattun launuka. Thean yatsa tare da mai yaji shine 2, sauran yatsotsin da aka rarraba a tsakanin maɓallin fuskoki, bi da bi: 3-2-2-4 fuskoki. Fingersanan yatsunsu, mafi tsayi da ya fi sassauci yatsunsu, an yarda su riƙe abubuwan da aka kama a cikin paws ɗin. Yatsun yatsu uku masu kauri a bakin ƙafafun cinya.
An wutsiya wutsiya daga bangarorin, tayi aikin kiyaye daidaituwa.
Iguanodon yana da babban cheekbones da bakin kunkuntar mai kamar bakin ciki tare da haƙoran hakora, waɗanda ke jujjuya waje kuma suna shafa abincin dabbobi tare da haƙoran cikin hakora a cikin ƙananan muƙamuƙin. Hakora sun kasance iri ɗaya a cikin sikarin haƙannin banana, babba hakora sun riga sun ƙasa. Akwai 29 a saman muƙamuƙi da 25 a ƙasan 9. An sanya hakora cikin zurfi a bakin, kuma li li li bakin bakin yana da wani irin kunci da zai riƙe abinci a cikin rami na bakin. Hakoran Iguanodon sun canza lokaci 1 kawai a rayuwa.
Dangantaka da dangi
Iguanodons sun kafa manyan garken tumaki kuma suna yawo cikin neman sabon makiyaya. An ba da kariya ta hanyar kariya daga maharan ta hanyar rarraba mukamai: yayin da wasu makiyaya, wasu ke sa ido kan yiwuwar barazanar da ci gaban matasa.
Motsi
Da farko, an sanya Iguanodon a kan kafafunsa biyu a maimaitawa, amma saboda tsauraran matakan kasusuwa a kan kashin baya a cikin yankin pelvic, wutsiyar dinosaur ba ta da sassauya sosai, don haka matsayi a tsaye ba zai yuwu ba. Hujjojin cewa dinosaur yayi tafiya akan kafafu hudu an tabbatar dashi da yawa kwafin sawun sawun da wutsiyar wutsiya. Arfin hawa ƙafafun kafaɗun baya ya samar da iguanodon da fa'ida ta fi girma girma fiye da sauran masu iya amfani da ciyawar daji, kuma hanyar rayuwar nomadic ta sa ya yiwu a mamaye yankuna masu yawa.
Gidajen tarihi suna nuna kasusuwa iguanodon
- A yau, kasusuwa da ɗakunan lebenodons suna cikin kusan kowane gidan kayan gargajiya na alal misali, a cikin bayanan gidan kayan tarihin Ubersee da ke Bremen.
- Ginawa ta farko ta sakeanodon wanda aka gabatar a wani baje kolin kasa da kasa a fadar Crystal Palace da ke Landan
- Royal Cibiyar Kimiyyar Al'adu ta Belgium
- Transatlantic noan Gidan Tarihi na Bremen, Jamus
Ambaci a cikin zane-zane
- A cikin fim mai rai "Duniya kafin Farawar Lokaci", ɗayan manyan haruffa biyar - Ducky - ƙaramin iguanodon ne.
- Cartoon "Dinosaur". Babban halayen zane mai ban dariya shine iguanodon Alladar. Hakanan akwai lizards na Nira, Bruton da Kron sun bayyana.
Littafin Magana
- Jarumi na Lost World da Conan Doyle da Plutonia ta Vladimir Obruchev suka farautar su
Har ma an rubuta waƙa game da wannan dinosaur
"Iguanodon ya rayu, yana da nauyin tan arba'in da takwas."
Waka ta V. Berestov Music by S. Nikitin, sp. Tatyana da Sergey Nikitins
Juyin Halitta
Burbushin Iguanodont ya kasance sananne tun daga lokacin Jurassic, amma, a lokacin Cretaceous, wannan rukunin herbivores ya zama mai nasara sosai, yaduwa a duk duniya. A halin yanzu, akwai daɗaɗɗɗan jerin taxa na “cigaban” iguanodonts mallakar asalin Cretaceous na farkon daga Asiya. Yawancin nau'ikan waɗannan nau'ikan suna nuna cewa farkon iguanodonts ya fara bayyana a Asiya, sannan ya yada zuwa sauran sassan duniya.
Duk da yaduwar da yawa, ragowar iguanodonts na wannan lokacin suna da wuya a Arewacin Amurka. Sun fi mayar da hankali ne akan samuwar Utah, wanda yakai shekaru miliyan 40 na juyin halitta (alal misali, Hippodraco scutodens da Iguanacolossus fortis) .
Haraji
Taxon farko Iguanodontia samarwa Dollo a cikin 1888. Zuwa yanzu, babu wani ra'ayi da aka yarda da shi gaba ɗaya game da matsayin rukuni na rukuni na rukuni. Iguanodontia sau da yawa ana nuna azaman azabtarwa tsakanin ƙananan bayanai Ornithopoda, kodayake a cikin Benton (2004) a cikin jerin ornithopods Iguanodontia kamar yadda barnatar da cuta ba ya bayyana. A al'adance, an harba iguanodonts cikin mafi girma Iguanodontoidea da dangi Iguanodontidae. Koyaya, nazarin ilimin dabbobi ya nuna cewa naanodonts na gargajiya rukuni ne na paraphyletic da ke haifar da hadrosaurs (“duino-bino durssaurs”). Kungiyoyi kamar su Iguanodontoideahar yanzu wasu lokuta ana amfani da su azaman mara nauyi a cikin litattafan kimiyya, kodayake yanzu an haɗa yawancinnin gargajiya a cikin wasu kungiyoyi masu haɗa kai Hadrosauroidea.
Ya hada da kungiyoyi da yawa:
Ankylopollexia - taskace cikin rukuni Iguanodontia, wanda ya ƙunshi rukuni biyu na dinosaurs: Styracosterna (gungun kaji-dinosaurs da ke zaune a Jurassic da Cretaceous lokaci akan dukkan nahiyoyi, gami da Antarctica) Camptosauridae.
Dryomorpha - taskace cikin rukuni Iguanodontiagami da iyali Dryosauridae.
Rarrabawa
Iguanodons manyan dinosaurs ne na herbivorous wadanda zasu iya tafiya a kafafu biyu da hudu. Wakilan nau'ikan jinsin da babu shakka sunada asalin halittar iguanodons, I. bernissartensis, yana da matsakaicin nauyin da yakai tan 3 da matsakaicin tsayin jikin mutum wanda ya kai mita 10, tsawon wasu mutane ya kai mita 13. Suna da manyan kawuna da kuma kunkuntar, a gaban jawub suna da baki wanda ya kunshi keratin, hakora suna kama da hakoran iguana, amma sunada girma kuma suka fi yawa.
Hannun yatsun ya yi kamar kwatankwacin kafa hudu na kafafu kuma ya kare da hannaye biyar da yatsun hannun, yatsun tsakiya uku da ke cikinsu an daidaita da su don tallafi. A kan yatsan yatsu ne, kamar yadda ake amfani da shi don kariya. A farkon karni na XIX, waɗannan ratsu an ɗauke su ƙaho kuma masanan masana burbushin halittu suna sanya su a hanci na dabba, an bayyana matsayinsu na gaskiya daga baya. Fingersanan yatsunsu, kamar yadda ya kamata da sauran yatsunsu, sun kasance dogaye kuma m. Yatsun sun ƙunshi phalanges da aka tsara bisa ga tsarin 2-3-3-2-4, wato, akwai wasu fuskoki 2 a kan yatsa, 3 akan yatsan ma'ana, da dai sauransu. A kan kafafu na baya, wanda aka daidaita don tafiya, amma ba gudu ba, yatsun guda uku ne kawai. An tallafa wa kashin baya da wutsiya. Wadannan jijiyoyin da aka bunkasa cikin rayuwar dabbar kuma daga karshe zasu zama tsintsiya (akasarin akidar akasari ana yin watsi da su yayin sake gina kasusuwa da kuma zane-zanen).
Kamar yadda sunan sa ya nuna, hakoranannin sunanananan sunyi kama da hakoran iguana, amma suna da girma. Ba kamar su hadrosaurs ba, iguanodons ya canza hakora sau ɗaya a duk rayuwarsu. A saman muƙamuƙin akwai hakora 29 a kowane ɓangaren, a kan premaxilla babu hakora, ƙananan kashin yana da hakora 25. An bayyana babban bambanci tsakanin adadin hakora akan jaws ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa hakora a cikin ƙananan jaw ɗin sunyi yawa sosai fiye da na sama. Bugu da kari, saboda gaskiyar cewa layuka hakora suna da zurfi, kuma saboda wasu sifofi na dabi'a, ana karban shi gaba daya cewa iguanodons yana da nau'ikan kamala da kunci, yana basu damar rike abinci a bakinsu.
Rarrabuwa [|Nemi Tarihi
Hakoran Iguanodon (Mantell, 1825)
Iguanodon shine farkon dinosaur na dabbobi da aka gano. An yi imani da cewa haƙoran na farko na iguanodon ne Maryamu Ann, matar Gideon Mantella, wanda ta ziyarci mai haƙuri a Sussex, Ingila, a 1822. Koyaya, a cikin 1851 ya yi ikirarin cewa ya sami haƙoransa, wataƙila wannan labarin ba gaskiya ba ne, saboda an san shi daga littattafan bayanansa cewa Mantell ya samo ƙasusuwan burbushin halittu daga cikin ɓarna a Waitemans Green a 1820.
A watan Mayu na 1822, ya fara gabatar da hakoransa ga Royal Society a Landan, amma William Buckland ya yi watsi da su, saboda la’akari da su a hadarin rhinoceros. A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1823, Charles Lyell ya nuna wa waɗannan haƙoran na Georges Cuvier, amma shahararren masanin kimiyyar halittar Faransa shima ya ɗauke su haƙoƙan diba. Bayan shekara guda, Mantell ya sake aiko da haƙoran Cuvier, wanda, bayan yayi nazarin su, ya ƙaddara cewa mai yiwuwa su kasance cikin manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe. A cikin littafin da aka buga, Cuvier ya yarda da kuskurensa na baya, wanda ya haifar da karɓar Mantell nan da nan, da sabon pangolin a cikin jama'ar kimiyya. A watan Satumbar 1824, Gideon Mantell ya ziyarci Royal College of Surgeons, yana ƙoƙarin gano hakora masu kama da juna, inda mataimakin mai ba da labari Samuel Stochbori ya gaya masa cewa suna kama da haƙorin kuana, amma sun fi sau ashirin girma. Mantell bisa hukuma ya buga sakamakon binciken nasa a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1825, lokacin da ya gabatar da wata takaddama ga Royal Society of London, inda ya ambaci nasa binciken a ƙarƙashin sunan Iguanodon ko iguana hakori. Dangane da ƙididdigar sa na farko, halittar zai iya zama tsayin mita 18 (ƙafa 60), ya fi mita 12 (ƙafa 40) Megalosaurus (Megalosaurus) A shekara ta 1832, masanin ilimin kimiyyar binciken ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na Jamusanci von Mayer ya kafa sunan hukuma na asalin halittar Iguanodon mantellida aka ba da girmamawa ga Gidiyon Mantell.
Samfurin matattarar rana, 1834.
Sake gina Iguanodon (Mantell, 1834)
Iguanodon a Crystal Palace, 1854
A shekara ta 1834, nesa ba kusa da Maidstone, Kent (Ingila), an gano sabon burbushin halittar irin wannan. Lokacin da Mantell zai iya isa wurin, an riga an raba burbushin daga dutsen tare da dynamite kuma yawan kasusuwa sun kasance a cikin wani yanki daban na irin. Mai mallakar ƙungiyar ya nemi fam 25 don wannan gatan kuma Mantell, tunda ya karɓi adadin da yake buƙata, ya saya. A cikin wannan shekarar, an buga littafin Mantella, tare da bayanin samfurin Maidstone. Mantell ya kuma sake yin aikin farko na bayyanar wannan dinosaur, amma saboda ƙarancin kayan, ya yi kuskure da yawa, ya nuna shi a matsayin dabba mai kafa huɗu da ƙaho a hanci. Sakamakon bincike mai biyo baya a Belgium ya karyata wannan zato, yana nuna cewa “ƙaho” hakika babban yatsan goshin hannu ne. A cikin 1838, Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya ya samo wannan kofi (BMNH R.3791) na £ 4,000. A cikin 1851, Richard Owen ya sanya wannan binciken Iguanodon mantellibayan shekaru uku, manyan zane-zane na dinosaur na farko - iguanodon, megalosaurus da gileosaurus, waɗanda aka yi bisa ga ra'ayoyin Richard Owen, an sanya su a Crystal Palace Park, a cikin kusancin London. Koyaya, labarin samfurin 'Annastone' bai ƙare a can ba, masu binciken zamani sun fara rarrabe shi a cikin asalin Mantellizaurus (Mantellisaurus), kuma a cikin 2012, Gregory Paul ya ba da shi a cikin sabon salo da nau'in halitta Mantellodon kafinta.
Mafi shahararrun ganowa shine gano asalin wani kabari a kabarin Saint-Berby, a Bernissar, Belgium. A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1878, masu hakar ma'adanai biyu, Jules Cretter da Alfons Blanhard, yayin da suke cikin sabon layin kwance a zurfin zurfin mita 322, sun yi tuntuɓe a kan manyan abubuwan da aka yi laka da yumɓun yumɓun, yumɓu da kananzir, wanda ya ba da ƙanshi mai ƙamshi. A ranar 1 ga Maris, manajan ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da bincike. A wannan watan, Kretter da Blanchard sun gano kasusuwan kasusuwan farko da hakora, amma suna tsammanin suna ma'amala da katako mai katako. An adana waɗannan samfuran a cikin tarin Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Al'adu ta Royal tare da alamar "ragowar farkon iguanodon, Maris 1878". Daga 1 ga Afrilu zuwa 6 ga Afrilu, gungun masu hakar ma'adinai guda biyar (wadanda suka hada da Kretter da Blanchard), wadanda suka jagoranci ci gaban adana na yau da kullun, sun gano sabbin ma'adanai da yawa, wasu daga ciki an lullube su da ƙyalli mai ƙyalli, waɗanda a farkon su sun kuskure zinari.
Shekaru talatin bayan haka, Jules Cretter ya ba da labarinsa a cikin rubutun da aka sanya wa ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1908: “. Ba zai yiwu ba mu sami bincikenmu idan ba mu lura cewa ba mu kasance cikin matattarar mai ba, mun yi tuntuɓe a kan yumɓu, duwatsun da ƙazanta, muna yada ƙanshin ƙaƙƙarfan dutse, mun shiga cikin kwazazzabo wanda ambaliyar ruwa ta kasance sau ɗaya, kuma wannan na iya zama mai hadarin gaske. Lokacin da muke da kwatancenmu munyi zurfin mita goma, mun sami wani sabon abu sabo. Abin da ke gabanmu ya yi duhu ma ya zama dutse, da wuya ya zama itace. Piecesayan suna kama da itacen tohon. Ina da sha'awar kuma ya burge ni, na yi tunani cewa waɗannan katako ne na itacen, dukkansu kauri iri ɗaya ne, baƙi, santsi da nauyi, suna da ƙarfi. Babban jami'in da ya zo kusa da ni ya saurare ni da kyau, ya bincika kayan sannan ya ce da ni in tattara su in kai su ofis. »
A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1878, mai binciken dutsen Gustav Arnaut ya aika da sakon wayar tarho zuwa Brussels:An samo kasusuwa da yawa a cikin mahakar ma'adanan Bernissart. Kunshi pyrite. Faɗa De Pau ya isa tashar Mons gobe da ƙarfe 8:00. Zan kasance a wurin. Cikin hanzari. Gustav Arnaut».
An gano burbushin halittu ga Edward Dupont, darektan Gidajan tarihin Sarauta na Beljiyam (MRHNB).A ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1878, Luis De Pau, shugaban sashen magunguna na MRHNB, ya isa Bernissard don bincika binciken. Ya ce bangon ramin binciken mahaukaciya cike yake da kasusuwa, burbushin tsirrai da kifi. Ba da daɗewa ba, masu hakar gwal sun haɗu da cikakkiyar ƙafafun kafa, waɗanda suka yanke shawara su hau kan katako wanda aka rufe da bambaro. Bayan haka, bayan mita 300 kawai, kasusuwa suka fara watsewa, wannan ya faru ne saboda babban abun ciki na pyrite, dangane da iska. Wani sabon abu mai guba da ke barazanar rasa kasusuwa ya zama sananne a matsayin "cutar pyrite." Crylates na pyrite a cikin kasusuwa da aka oxidized zuwa baƙin ƙarfe sulfate, a sakamakon, ƙara girma, saboda abin da kasusuwa fashe da kuma fashe. Lokacin da ƙasusuwa suke cikin rigar, matattarar yumɓu mai dauke da iskar oxygen, ta kare daga haɗuwa da iska. De Pau ya gano cewa hakar burbushin da ke dauke da pyrite zai buƙaci hanyoyi na musamman. Nasarar sabuwar fasahar haɓakar haɓakawa ta De Pau har yanzu ana amfani da ita sosai a cikin ilimin ilimin tsalle-tsalle. Don kiyaye burbushin halittu, De Pau ya kirkiro wata hanya mai tasiri: kowane kwarangwal an fitar da shi a hankali, kuma an yi rikodin matsayinsa a ƙwallon kuma an zana shi kan shirin. Daga baya an rarraba shi zuwa kebantattun wurare, wani yanki mai kusan mita, an rufe shi da takarda mai kariya da takarda, tare da sanya su a hankali, kafin a jigilar su zuwa Brussels.
Shafin Fina-Finan Saint-Barbe
Daga 15 ga Mayu, 1878, aka fara rakarar rakodin tsari. Matsayin yanayin osseous strata a zurfin 322 zuwa 356, hadarin faɗuwar ƙasa, ambaliyar ruwa ko rushewa, da girman da ƙashi na ƙasusuwa, ya sanya haɓakar iguanodons ya zama mai wahala kuma na musamman taron, wanda ya dauki lokaci mai yawa. A watan Agusta 1878, De Pau detachment aka katange na sa'o'i biyu a cikin ma'adinai, a sakamakon girgizar ƙasa. Tilas ne a dakatar da tono a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1878, saboda jerin farashi da ambaliyar, dole ne a bar kayan aikin da kece burbushin a ciki. A waccan lokacin, kungiyar ta riga ta gano ragowar kasusuwa guda biyar, wacce ta kasance ta farko wacce take wani bangare mai "A" (lambar IRSNB mai lamba 1716), wacce za'a yi kokarin dawo da ita. An tsara wannan samfurin kuma an shirya shi daga lokacin daga Oktoba 1878 zuwa Afrilu 1879 a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya, a cikin ɗakin majami'ar St George's Count Nassau, a Kudenberg, Brussels (yanzu Royal Museum of Fine Arts of Belgium). Bayan haka, yayin aiwatarwa na farko, an gano cewa kwarangwal din ya bace sashin gaba, samfurin ya rike kawai yankin pelvic, hagu na hagu da kuma duka wutsiya, wanda aka samo a cikin hadin gwiwa na jikin mutum.
De Pau ya sake yin rami a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1879, bayan da wani yanki da ambaliyar ruwa ya shafa a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1878 a zurfin zurfin mita 322. Searchungiyar binciken mutane 11 suna aiki kowace rana daga 5:30 zuwa 12:30. Jules Cretter shine farkon wanda ya samo kayan aikin da aka ɓoye da ɓoyayyun kayan aikin da aka kwashe da sauri. A watan Mayu na 1879, kwarangin kuanodon 14, kasusuwa hudu na kasusuwa, kasusuwa biyu na wani karkataccen maciji (Bernissartia), kwarangwal daya na babban kada (Goniopholis), kunkuru biyu da burbushin kifayen da kuma ragowar tsiro. Daga farkon maida hankali ne a cikin rufin osseous, rafin asali na gabas-kudu maso gabas ya kara fadada ta amfani da daskararren mita 50. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1879, kimanin mita 38 daga bakin ƙofar, an gano samfurin na biyu na Goncoholis mai kada. Bayan sun haƙa zuwa mita 60 daga wannan ƙofar, an gano ƙarin abubuwan kare-keanodons guda takwas. A shekara ta 1881, a wani wurin mai zurfin zurfin mita 356, an kuma kirkiro wani sabon matsakaicin kwance, tare da zurfin mita 7-8, a wannan wurin an samo kasusuwa uku na iguanodon.
Bayan shafe tsawon shekaru uku a Bernissar, masarautar Beljiyam tana fuskantar matsalolin rashin kudi kuma tun daga shekarar 1882 aka dakatar da tonon sililin. A duk tsawon lokacin aikin, an gano ƙasusuwa kimanin kimanin samfurori na iguanodon, ciki har da kwarangwal 25 (wasu fiye da 60% na cika) da ƙasusuwa guda 8 tare da kayan gwanaye. Koyaya, ba duk burbushin yadudduka masu zurfi ne aka bincika ba; gadon burbushin din tare da iguanodons bai gaza ba. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko na 1916-1918,
Iguanodon bernissartensis, Brussels, 1910.
Masu mamayar na Jamus sun yi ƙoƙarin komawa aikin rami, amma an katse aikin saboda ƙarshen rikici. Bayan yakin, to, darektan gidan kayan tarihin na Belgium, Gustav Gilson, ya ba da shawarar ga gwamnatin ta Burtaniya ta ci gaba da binciken, amma farashin, wanda aka kiyasta yakai miliyan miliyan na Belgium, ya yi yawa. An rufe wurin da aka gina a cikin mahakar ma'adanan Bourby a karshen Oktoba 1921, saboda ambaliyar. Aikin Bernissard ya gushe gaba ɗaya a 1926, kuma ƙofofin shiga mahaka ma'adinan sun cika kuma an rufe su da kayan adonsu.
Louis De Pau (tsakiya) da kuma shigar da kashin farko na iguanodon a cikin dakin ibada na George George, 1882
A shekara ta 1881, masanin ilimin dabbobi na Belgium George Albert Boulenger ya bayyana burbushin halittu a karkashin sabon salo Iguanodon bernissartensis, da kuma ɗan ƙaramin iguanodontidae daga Bernissard, wanda aka sani da samfurin IRSNB 1551, Bulenger ya bayyana ga ƙwararrun nau'in halittar daga Ingila - Iguanodon mantelli. Louis Dollo daga 1882 zuwa 1885, kasancewa mataimakin farfesa ne a Sashen binciken Fossil Vertebrates na gidan kayan tarihi na Royal Beljik of Natural Sciences, ya yi aikin sake gina kasusuwa na iguanodons. Bayan shigowar burbushin halittu a Brussels, an cire burbushin halittu a hankali karkashin kulawa ta Dollo, wanda ya shirya takaddun dangane da binciken don dawo da kasusuwa wadannan halittun. A cikin rubutunsa na farko na kimiyya na 1882, ya bincika tushen bambancin tsakanin Iguanodon bernissartensis da Iguanodon mantelli. Abinda Dollo ya kammala shine cewa kuanodons daga Bernissard hakika jinsuna biyu ne daban. Publishedaddamarwar bugawar farko wanda aka buga ta bayyanar iguanodon ya bayyana ne a 1882.
Na farko an sake gina kashin iguanodon, samfurin “Q” (IRSNB R51), 1883
An maido da tsibbu a ɗakin majami'ar St. George - ginin kaɗai ne wanda ya isa ya aiwatar da wannan aikin. Letan wasan farko ƙasusuwa ya sake buɗewa cikin jigon kafa biyu, samfurin “Q” (IRSNB R51, lamba 1534), an saka shi a cikin yanayin nuna gaskiya don kallon jama'a a farfajiyar fadar Nassau, a cikin Yuli 1883. A watan Maris din 2000, aka nada Hukumar Kasa da Kasa kan Kula da Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) Iguanodon bernissartensis daga Cibiyar Kimiyyar Al'adu ta Royal tare da lambar tarin IRSNB R51 (samfurin “Q”) azaman sabon yanayi (sabon holotype) na halittar.
Wani labari mai ban sha'awa ya faru tare da wani kwarangwal din kanonodon daga mahakar Bernissar, wanda aka sanya shi a karkashin lambar IRSNB 1551 (R57). Wannan karamin iguanodon yana wakilta ta kusan cikakkiyar kwarangwal, wacce aka gano ta a cikin cikakkiyar dabara. A karshe an share kasusuwan a 1882 kuma daga baya aka sake gina shi domin nuna shi a 1884. George Bulenger da Louis Dollo sun zaɓi wannan, wani ɗan adam wanda aka riga aka bayyana - Iguanodon mantelli. An raba shi da tsarin Bernissart dangane da gaskiyar cewa yana da vertebrae mai tsarki guda biyar, sabanin sauran ƙasusuwa daga ma'adinan, wanda ke da fasalin veralbra shida. Kari akan haka, gotsu gajeran gajeru kuma suna da rabo daga 60% zuwa tsawon girman gwiwar. Ga nau'in Bernissart, wannan kashi 75%. A cikin 1878, Pierre-Joseph van Beneden ya ce wannan ƙaramar dabba mace ce, kuma Bernissart iguanodon ya kasance dabba mafi girma da ƙarfi. Ya dauke su jinsin iri daya ne, amma har yanzu ba a tabbatar da wannan hasashe ba. A cikin 1986, David Norman ya rarrabe wannan misali kamar yadda Iguanodon atherfieldenis, kuma a shekara ta 2008, Gregory Paul ya mai da shi wani sabon salon wasa Dollodonmai suna bayan Louis Dollo. A cikin wani bincike na 2010, David Norman da Andrew MacDonald suna ganin kimar Dollodon ba ta da kyau kuma sun bayyana wannan kasusuwa na kungonodontida daga Bernissard a cikin halittar Mantellisaurus.
Iguanodon mantelli (IRSNB 1551), 1884
A cewar Norman, akalla samfurori 33 daga Bernissard suna cikin jinsin Iguanodon bernissartensis kuma wataƙila ƙarin ƙasusuwa shida. Mantellizaurus yana wakilta cikakke samfurin kawai na IRSNB 1551 kuma tabbas kwarangwal ɗin da bai cika ba. Misali na uku da zai yiwu ya kunshi jijiyoyin kasusuwa, jijiyoyin ciki, da kuma karamin hakori. Norman ya tattara cikakkun bayanai na iguanodons daga tarin Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Al'adu ta Royal (RBINS), a cewar Norman, samfurori uku ne kawai daga Bernissard dabbobi ne masu girma.
Iguanodon a Gidan Tarihi na Biritaniya, 1895
Dolo ya hau saman kashin farko a 1883, shigowar ragowar kasusuwa tara a qarqashin shugabancinsa ne ya jagoranci L. De Pau, a cikin 1902, an sake gina ginin goma a cikin reshen Ginin Kasa da ke Leopold Park. Tsawon dinosaur da aka sake ginawa a cikin daidaitaccen matsayi ya tashi daga mita 6.3 zuwa 7.3, kuma girma ya kasance daga mita 3.9 zuwa 5. Kawai Iguanodon mantelli ya fi ƙanana sosai, yana kaiwa mita 3.9 tsawo da tsayin mita 3.6. Dinosaurs sun kasance a wurin daga 1902 zuwa 1932, duk da haka, saboda bayyanar iska, zafi da bambance-bambancen zafin jiki, kasusuwa sannu a hankali suka fara lalacewa. Sabili da haka, a cikin lokaci daga 1933 zuwa 1937, an rarraba dukkanin kasusuwa kuma an rufe su da cakuda mai kariya da giya, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa suka sami launi launin ruwan kasa (kuma ba wai saboda an samo su a ma'adanin baƙin ƙarfe ba). An sake kwance kasusuwan a cikin 1940 saboda tsoron kada su sha wahala ko ma a lalata su gaba daya lokacin tashin bam din, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu. Ana kiyaye ragowar a cikin manyan gidajen, ƙofar da aka rufe ta da jakunkuna. Koyaya, ya zama ruwan sama a wurin har an tura su zuwa bene kafin ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II.
Yanzu kwarangwal din suna cikin gidan kayan tarihi na Royal na Halittar Halittu a Brussels, inda ake gabatar da nune-nunen a shahararren “Dinosaur Gallery”, kyawawan samfuran guda 10 suna kan tsayayyen matsayi, a cikin manyan akwatunan gilashin, kuma kasa da cikakkun samfurori da sassan jikin mutum guda takwas wadanda aka kebe samfurori takwas. embossed daukan hotuna, a cikin matsayin kamar yadda aka samo su. An aika da kwafin kwarangwal guda ɗaya, ɗaya daga cikin cikakkun kasusuwa na ɗabon daga Bernissard, zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya na Sedgwick, Jami'ar Cambridge, a matsayin kyauta daga King Leopold II. A shekara ta 1895, Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya ya samo kwafin Bernissart iguanodon na farko kuma ya sanya shi a cikin Taskar kayayyakin tarihinta. Dukkanin tsare-tsaren rami suna ajiyayyu a cikin ɗakunan tarihin Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Belgian asalin Royal. Godiya ga waɗannan tsare-tsaren da kuma rubutattun rubuce-rubuce masu yawa, ya yiwu a maido da halaye don gano iguanodon. Gustav Lavalett da sauran masu ba da kayan tarihin kayan tarihi a Brussels, waɗanda suka yi aiki a wurin rami, sun yi zane-zane mai zurfi na zananodons da karnukan da aka samo a cikin mahakar, inda aka gabatar da su a cikin adon da aka gano su: