Bayyanar mutum da hali. Smallarami (ƙarami fiye da ɗan gizo), tsuntsu mai launi. Sakamakon haɗuwa da launuka masu haske da sautin halayyar ba ya gabatar da manyan matsaloli a cikin tantancewa. Tsayin Jikin 11-12 cm, nauyi 7.5-14 g. Karamin, wutsiya dan taqaitaccen.

Bayanin. Namiji da mace suna da bambancin fahimta. Jikin na sama mai launin shuɗi-kore, isasansa mai launin shuɗi ne, fuka-fuki da jela mai shuɗi mai haske. Sarari daga babba gefen goshin har zuwa ƙarshen cinyar kansa yana sanye da shuɗi mai shudi, yana iyakance ta gaɓoɓinsa ta hanyar farin zubewa. Dukkanin kai an murguda su ne da wata baƙar fata da shuɗi, wanda zai fi dacewa da ɓangarorin kai. Daga gemun baki, wannan tsumma mai launin shuɗi-ɗaya yana shuɗe ido, wanda ya haɗu da abin wuya a bayan kai. Farkon goshi ya zama fararen gira, wanda, bi da bi, hade da juna a bayan hat, kewaye da shi. Yankin tsakanin ƙananan abin wuya da tsiri ta ido, kunci, ya kasance fari fari. Jakar gwal (da ke ƙasa abin wuya) ya zama fari ko shuɗi-shuɗi. Akwai karamin tabo duhu a ƙarƙashin baki wanda ya haɗu da abin wuya daga ƙasa. A tsakiyar kirji da ciki akwai bakin bakin bakin ciki mai duhu - "kunnen doki", wanda baya hade da bakin ciki mai duhu, wani lokacin kuma gashin tsuntsaye makwabta suna kusa dashi. A jikin reshe na shudi, ana iya ganin farin fararen abu mai kama, fararen fata daga manyan fikafikansu na biyu. Endsarshen duk manyan makarantu da kuma wasu hersan uwan ​​dake kare kusa da su shima fari ne. An canza wutsiyar launin a launi daya. Idon baki ne, baki da cinyoyinsa masu launin toka-toka. Matan suna fentin kawai dan kadan.

Yara tsuntsaye ana fentin duller da yawa, launin toka mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ana iya gani a cikin launi na saman. Duk farin launi akan kai da fuka-fuki an maye gurbinsu da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi - kamar ɗaya akan ciki. Babu wani wuri mai duhu akan makogwaro, ƙananan gefuna abin wuya ba su haɗin gwiwa. Ya bambanta da babban tit a cikin ƙananan girma, rashi ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙulli mai raɗaɗi a kan rawaya mai tushe na ƙasan, kasancewar maƙallan shuɗi, fararen gira da duhu tsalle a cikin ido. Ya bambanta da yarima da sauran ƙananan tsuntsaye a gaban launuka masu launin rawaya da kore a cikin rutsi, da kuma gaban shuɗin shuɗi. Da wuya a iya lura da hybrids na azure da yarima, wanda aka bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen azaman tsari mazan. Launin irin waɗannan tsuntsaye sun bambanta, gaba ɗaya, suna kama da wani abu a tsakanin bambance-bambancen iyaye. Mafi yawan lokuta, abubuwanda ke canza launi na yarima sun mamaye, amma akwai hat hat ko launin shuɗi a ciki.

Kuri'a. Amfani da tsayi kuma ya isa. Babban roƙon: babbawadannan. "- guda ko a cikin jerin, jumla jumla guda"rami rami chirrr. "ko"tyrrr-ti-ti-ti. ". Waƙar tana da dogon jumla daga maimaita gajerun saƙo, haɗa a ƙarshen zuwa cikin jerin ci gaba "waɗannan-waɗannan-waɗannan-waɗannan-tutu-tutu-tutu. "ko"tsii-tata-tata. ».

Matsayi na Rarraba. Yawan nau'in ya hada da yawancin Turai, da kuma arewacin Afirka da Yammacin Asiya. A cikin Turai Rasha ta zauna a cikin yanki na gandun daji deciduous, ban da arewa da arewa maso gabas na yankin. Fiye da yawancin kewayon sa, yana da matukar yawa, amma gabaɗaya yana da yawa fiye da babban tit. Yawancin mutane a tsakiya da kuma Kudancin yankin suna da talauci; a arewa, suna ƙaura kaɗan.

Rayuwa. Ya fi son fadi-da kuma kananan-leaved gandun daji, guje wa conifers. Da yardar rai ya shirya a cikin lambuna, wuraren shakatawa, murabba'ai, wuraren kore manyan birane. A cikin kaka da hunturu na iya gravitate zuwa gada gada. Abincin yana cakuda, a lokacin rani ana mamaye shi da invertebrates, a cikin hunturu - 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, tsaba, ƙwayaye da berries. Sau da yawa yakan ziyarci makiyaya tsuntsaye. A cikin kaka da damuna, a kai a kai yakan samar da garken tumaki tare da wasu nau'ikan tsuntsaye, magidanta, sarakuna da pikas.

Lokacin rayuwar yana daga watan Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen Yuni. Yawancin lokuta na al'adar auren mata fiye da ɗaya, masu ma'aurata suna ɗaukar tsawon rayuwarsu. Ana shirya ciyayi a cikin ramuka ta zahiri ko kuma rami, da ba da wucin gadi, a cikin dutsen da aka fasa ko a cikin ginin mutane. Mace ta gina gida. A cikin ɓoye akwai fararen ƙwai na 7-13 masu ɗauke da launin shuɗi ko launin shuɗi. Yawancin mace, lokacin shiryawa shine kwanaki 12-16. Ciyar da kajin ya kai kwanaki 16-23, duk iyayen sun ciyar da su.

Syn. Cyanistes caeruleus

Dukan yankin Belarus

Titmouse na Iyali - Paridae.

A cikin Belarus - P. c. caeruleus.

Sansanin Nesting na yau da kullun da nau'in yawo. Yana zaune kuma yana da nasa gida a dukkan yankuna gudanarwa na jamhuriya.

Yana kama da babban tit, amma girmansa karami ne. Tumbi yana mamaye sautunan shuɗi. Gaban goshi da kumatuna fari, kambi na kai da nape azure shudi ne, abin wuya iri ɗaya, kuma akan makogwaron akwai ƙaramin murabba'in fuka-fuka-baƙar fata. Daga baki daga ido zuwa bayan kai akwai shuɗi shuɗi. A baya shine zaitun-greenish, kirji da ciki sune rawaya, ciki tare da tsiri mai duhu a tsakiya. Ofasan ciki na fari fari. Fuka-fukai da wutsiyarsu suna da kyau. Bayyanar jima'i ba'a bayyana ta a zahiri ba, amma a cikin haskoki na bangaren ultraviolet na bakan, shudin “hula” na maza yana da haske sosai, kuma tsuntsaye suna kama wannan bambancin sosai. Beak da kafafu suna da launin toka. A cikin tsuntsayen matasa, ana maye gurbin sautunan launin shuɗi da launin toka. Girman namiji shine 9-17 g, mace ita ce 9.5-15 g .. Tsawon jikin mutum (dukkan jinsi) shine 11-13 cm, fikafika shine 18-21 cm. Tsawon reshe na maza shine 6.5-7 cm, wutsiyar ta zama 5-6 cm, 1.4-2 cm, baki 0.7-0.9 cm Tsayin reshe na mata shine 6-6.5 cm, wutsiya 5-6 cm, yatsun 1.4-1.9 cm, beak 0.7-0, 8 cm

Ya bambanta da babban tit, shudi titin sau da yawa yana kasancewa a cikin tsayuwa na sama na tsaye, kamar gefen rana rawanin. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran jerin gwanon, yakan yi waka kadan. Waƙar yayin matse wani tsari ne mai tsayi da sauri mai tsayi "qi-li-li-li", yana ƙare da tweet hali. A lokacin yawo, yana rawar jiki.

A cikin hunturu, ana yin riguna kuma ana samun shi sau da yawa cikin garken da ke da kyawawan tsuntsaye. A bayyane yake, wani ɓangare na yawan mazaunan yankin suna ƙaura a wajen Belarus, suna ƙaura zuwa wurare mafi nisa daga wuraren da suke zaune. Har ila yau, ana jingine dazuzzuka a cikin kaka, amma kuma da yardar rai ziyarci willow da reeda gadaje tare da kogin kogin da ciyawa. A cikin hunturu, a cikin garken manyan tsuntsaye, ana samun wadatar abinci duk lokacin da yake kusa da wuraren zama, masu shayarwa suna ziyartar su.

Ya zaune a ciki musamman deciduous da cakuda gandun daji. An ba da fifiko ga gandun itacen oak, gandarar daji, da kurmin birch, da itacen oak-hornbeam da gandun dazuka. Tana guje wa tsarkakakken daji da tsirrai masu rai. Yana kuma son ƙaƙƙarfan katako da ke gefen gawawwakin ruwayen. Yana gravitates zuwa wurare da kyau bunƙasa zurfin, amma settles, yafi a gefuna, kusa da farin ciki da share, kazalika a tsibirin wurare na gandun daji har ma a mutum kungiyoyin bishiyoyi. Kwanan nan, ana samun ƙari sau da yawa a kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam, musamman da yardar rai a cikin birane: a wuraren shakatawa, da murabba'ai, tsakanin tsakar gida da kuma shinge tituna. Haka kuma, sanannan bulu ma zai iya zama a cikin gidajen shakatawa na daji zalla.

A cikin lokacin farauta a cikin Belarussian Lakeland, kullun shuɗi na yau da kullun suna jin daɗin haɗuwa da gandun daji waɗanda ba su da ci gaba da haɓaka. Blue tit ya fi son gandun itacen oak, ko kuma wuraren da ake da itacen oak, gandun daji baki, baƙar fata. A cewar korafe-korafen a Poozerye, matsakaicin girma na yau da kullun blue ana lissafta su don meadowsweet willows, barkono da zobo black alder gandun daji, da bonsai aspen (0.11-0.12 nau'i biyu / ha).

A cikin ambaliyar ruwa Shevinka (gundumar Vitebsk) tare da itacen oak masu haɓaka, yawaitar zina a cikin 2001 sun isa 0.4 nau'i / ha. Iduaƙƙarfan lafazi, ƙasa mai zurfi, mafi yawa daga itacen oak da maple, da ƙasan juzu'i daga hazel, buckthorn da ash ash, shine babban matakin da ake amfani dashi don bincika abinci a lokacin farashi da kuma ciyar da raguna. Rashin gandun daji da rashin ruwa a cikin dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka bishi ya bayyana ƙaramin adadin zinare gama gari. Har ila yau, Blue Tit ɗin yana da mazauni a cikin birane da ƙauyuka, inda yake da wuraren shakatawa, da murabba'ai, lambuna, dasa kusa da layin dogo da manyan tituna, a cikin tsoffin gidajen ƙasa. A cikin shakatawa mai suna bayan Sojojin Soviet a Vitebsk, a kan kilomita 5 na hanyar a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2000, an dauki nau'i biyu na sama masu shuɗi.

A Poozerye, manyan tashoshin ciyarwa na shudi mai shuɗi a cikin kaka-hunturu su ne magudanar ruwan sama, gadaje na itace, zaitun, dasa bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace kusa da ƙauyuka. A cikin ciyawar kogin da koguna a cikin hunturu, titin shudi yakan zama tushen yawan tsuntsaye.

An yi rikodin mutane kusan 1.4 a 1 km na gabar teku (Lake Drivyaty - Druyka River, Braslavsky District). Dangane da ƙididdigar lokacin hunturu na garken tumaki da keɓaɓɓu da kama titmouses a cikin murabba'ai, lambuna, wuraren shakatawa (Vitebsk, 1999-2001, Braslav, 2002-2004), jigilar shuɗi ɗaya zuwa sauran nau'in tsuntsayen ya kasance 1:10 (2-3 mutane a kowace tit garken), yayin da suke cikin ambaliyar ruwa na tafkunan, an rubutattun tsarkakakkun haɗarin azores don mutane 5-6 kowannensu (1999, Lake Lukomskoye, Chashniksky District).

Farkon aikin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayin halittar ya samo asali ne daga tsakiyar Maris. Daga wannan lokacin, azores fara rairawa da ƙarfi. Waƙar yana ci gaba har zuwa farkon shekaru goma na biyu na Yuni - shekarun farko na Yuli.

An yi waƙar rago na farko na Blue Tit a Poozerye a cikin kwanakin farko na 10 na Fabrairu (farkon - Fabrairu 9, 2003, ƙauyen Dubki, gundumar Braslavsky) kuma yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwa cikin hasken rana. Yanayin zafin jiki na yanayi bazai taka rawar gani ba. Mawaƙa mata sun sha ji sau da yawa a +5 da -25 ° C. Akwannin waƙoƙin mawaƙa suna faruwa a watan Maris, lokacin da formedan ragon da aka kafa suka mallaki wurin zama. Ana iya jin wakar kowane tsuntsaye har zuwa farkon Yuli.

A watan Maris, tsuntsayen suka mamaye yankin da ke zaune a ko'ina cikin Belarus, duba wuraren da aka yi da ramuka tare da kunkuntar ƙofar, idan ya cancanta, suna faɗaɗa rami na ɓoye ko kuma ƙara girman ɗakin shaƙatawa.

Yana yankanta cikin nau'i-nau'i. Gida yawanci yana cikin wurare masu laima (sau da yawa ba da nisa daga tafki) a tsoffin ramuka na katako, a cikin ɓarnar ɓarnar tsohuwar bishiyoyi da kututturewa, a cikin maɓuɓɓugan da ke kusa da haushi, a tsaunin 1-3 m, yawancin lokaci mafi girma mafi girma - 5-10 m, wani lokacin ƙananan - har zuwa 0 5 m.

A cikin Lakeland kuma yana da sheƙai a cikin manyan ramuka na asali iri-iri, sau da yawa a tsawan tsayi (har zuwa 12 m). An lura da buɗaɗɗun zakin shuɗi a cikin gilashin fitilun fitila, a cikin ƙananan rassa na tsohuwar bishiyoyin, ladabi, lindens a cikin tsoffin gidaje da wuraren shakatawa (ƙauyen Borodinichi, wurin shakatawa na Belmonty, gundumar Braslavsky) a wani ɗan nesa nesa daga ƙasa. Ya fi son rufe hanyoyin zama na halitta tare da kunkuntar ƙofar. An tabbatar da wannan a cikin ƙirƙirar ƙananan titmouse ga wannan nau'in. Titmouses tare da taphole diamita na 30-35 mm (filin shakatawa mai suna bayan Sojojin Soviet, Vitebsk, 2002) sun kasance 75% da babban tit, kuma wuri guda na kowa na zama wurin zama ruwan dare. A cikin Tsibirin Botki na Dubki da Ratskiy Bor Forestland (Gidan daji na Braslav, 2002-2004), a cikin kaburburan da ke da digiri na mm 25, jimlar yawan tsuntsayen dake cikin fararen fata a shekarar farko sunkai kashi 44%, wanda daga ciki lamari daya da Muscovite, biyu don farin dawakai, duk ragowar don zina shuɗi. A shekara ta biyu bayan ratayewar farashi, yawan tsuntsaye ya karu sosai (44.6%), duk da haka, rabon tsuntsayen da ke cikin jerin gwanon sun karu da sau 1.4.

Ya fi son zurfin (har zuwa 20 cm) rami tare da kunkuntar tsintsiya-kamar (25-30 mm fadi) ko zagaye (30 mm). A Poozerye, a cikin rami na halitta wanda ke riƙe da cyanosis, wasiƙar yawanci tana da siffar elongated har ma da tsinkayen, girmansa wanda ya bambanta tsakanin 1.7-3.5x2.5-6.5 cm. Kafin gina gida, yana share rami zuwa girman da ya dace. Hakanan yana iya mamaye makusantan wucin gadi, kuma a cikin biranen, a Bugu da kari, yana daidaitawa a cikin voids na kankare da ƙyalƙyalen ƙarfe na wutar lantarki (a tsawan sama da ya kai 10 m). Wani lokaci ana gina gida har ma da filayen gini. Rarrabe wurare masu dacewa na kamfani don maganin kashe kuɗaɗe na yau da kullun na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa a jere.

Ilimin halitta na launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi yana da kusanci da babban tit, yayin da ƙarshen ke kasancewa mai fafatawa kuma har ma yana lashe kyautar titin silsila daga wuraren shakatawa. An lura da gwagwarmaya sau da yawa tsakanin kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'in a wuraren raƙuman ruwa, kazalika da kare wuraren da aka zaɓa (wuraren shakatawa mai suna bayan Sojojin Soviet, Vitebsk, 1997, Braslav, 2004). Girman dutsen taphole a cikin kera na kerar wucin gadi na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jan hankalin wani ko wata nau'in tsuntsaye.

Gabaɗaya, Blue Tit ɗin ya fi dacewa da filastik kuma ba a cikin ma'anar zabar ɓoye don farawa. Ba kamar yadda ake yi da shi don yin nasa rami ba, amma ɗakin da yake a koyaushe ana tsabtace shi kuma yana faɗaɗa kaɗan.

Girman ɗakin ɗakin yana bambanta tsakanin 7.5-31.2 cm, faɗin a cikin ƙananan sashin shi shine 6.5-15.0 cm.Haka ko da ƙarami-girman titmouse wanda ke zaune tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, na gani ya bambanta a cikin letka, gefuna wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, an yanke.

Shirya ɗakin gida na Blue Tit a Poozeroo yana farawa a ƙarshen Maris - farkon Afrilu, kuma daga shekaru goma na biyu na Afrilu, mace fara gina gida, samarwa wanda ke ɗaukar kwanaki 10 zuwa 15.

Bottomasan ɗakunan gida ta yalwace yana cike da gansakuka masu launin kore, kauri wanda a wasu lokuta zai iya kaiwa sama da 15 cm, tare da matsakaicin sashin ƙasa na 95 cm ².

A cikin gida da aka samo a cikin rami na wani tsohon lu'u-lu'u a cikin gonar da aka watsar (Vitebsk, 2001), kauri daga cikin ƙananan ɓangaren bene ya kasance cm 16.5, tare da diamita na ɗakin da yake a santimita 28. A matsakaita, kauri daga ɓe bene 5.7 cm. Blue Tit nests yawanci aiki da safe. Matsakaicin adadin yawan masu zuwa tare da kayan gini na awa 1 shine 29, lokacin da macen ta tattara guntun ƙansar wuta ba ta wuce 10-15 ba daga gida.

Tushen abubuwan farauta a shuwagabanin bakin ruwa a Lakeland sun ƙunshi busasshen hatsi na bakin ciki, gansar kore, busassun ganyayyaki, yalwatacce tare da gashin dabbobi masu shayarwa (boar daji, gyada), ƙasa daga dabbobi da tsuntsayen (ya zama dole a samo gashin fuka-fukan, ƙyalƙwalwar hazel, da goshawk), da kusancin mazaunin ɗan adam - guda na auduga ulu, yarn, gashin gashi. M raguwar rufi, ban da samun kyawawan kayan kwalliyar kwalliyar, sau da yawa yakan taimaka wajen ɓoye masarar lokacin da macen ta bar gida. A lokacin tashi daga kajin, a gida ne sosai compacted da maras kyau, wajen kama ji.

A cewar wasu marubutan, dukkan tsuntsayen biyu (maimakon mace ɗaya) suna gina gida daga wani abu mai yawa: gansakuka, ƙanƙan wuta, ciyawa, busasshen ganye, gashi na dabba, da cobwebs. Tray shimfida gashin ungulates tare da kayan kwalliyar tsuntsu da fuka-fukan. Sau da yawa, azure na yau da kullun yana ƙara ulu auduga, zaren, fiber roba da sauran abubuwa masu kama da wannan kayan. Zurfin akwatin shine 3.6-5.3 cm, diamita shine 4 cm cm 4 Girman gida don Lakeland iri daya ne: tsawo shine 3.8-5.3 cm, diamita shine 5.0-7.5 cm, diamita na tire shine 5.1-1 5.5 cm, zurfin tray 3.6-4.0 cm.

A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai daga 7 zuwa 14 (yawanci 9-12) ƙwai (a wasu yankuna na Turai an sami ɓoyayyen ƙwai na 15-16, kuma har zuwa 24, a bayyane sun kasance mata biyu). Daga tsakiyar watan Mayu, an cike abubuwanda aka samu na ƙwai 5-12 a Poozerie (matsakaita 7.9), kuma a wani yanayi guda ɗaya ne aka sami ƙulli 13, 15 da 16 da aka samo a cikin ciyayi na wucin gadi (Dubki Botanical Reserve).

Harsashi mai dan kadan m, fari fari, an rufe shi da kankanin farfajiya, launinsa wanda ya bambanta daga launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka zuwa bulo ja (haske da tabarau mai duhu). Sun yi kauri har zuwa karshen karshe. Jin ɗanɗano haske jera launin ruwan kasa-wani, ɗanɗano launin toka-da-launin toka-launin toka. Tsuntsu mai nauyi 1.2 g, tsawon 15-18 mm, diamita 12-14 mm. Don Gundumar Lake, an nuna girman ƙwai: 14.4-16.9 × 11.1-12.9 mm (matsakaici 15.4 × 11.9 mm).

Kwanciya ƙwai yana farawa a farkon rabin Mayu, kuma a cikin shekaru na biyu ko na uku na watan, ana samun cikakkun abubuwan ɓoye a cikin mafi yawancin nests (a kudu maso yamma na Belarus ya fara a farkon - a farkon rabin Afrilu). Mafi yawancin lokuta a shekara akwai broods guda biyu. Na biyu clutches bayyana, a matsayin mai mulkin, a karo na biyu rabin Yuni - Yuli.

Dangane da sakamakon binciken da aka yi na yawan wuraren gizo a cikin yankin Vitebsk, ba a maimaita sanya cyanistre a cikin su.Guda 1 ne kawai na sake kwanciya-kwanciya ta hanyar shudin shudi wanda aka lura dashi, wanda da farko ya jefa abinka sakamakon sanyin jiki (Mayu 2003).

An lura da tantuna bayan tashi na kananan dabbobi sun kamu da kwari a cikin kajin. Nesting parasites yana hana sake-kiwo na shudi mai shuɗi a cikin nurs na farkon kiwo na farko.

A cikin ɗayan alamun taken ((ungiyar Dubki ta Dubki, 2004), inda shugabar ta shuɗi ta sami nasarar ɗanyan kajin, nan da nan sai a lura da na biyu akwai ƙwai 7 na ƙwai. Bayan haka, ƙungiyar Blue Tit ɗin mace ta bar ɗanɗano ƙwai saboda yawaitar tarin fleas a gida. Ko yaya dai, kasancewar kasancewar abu na biyu yana iya yuwuwu a yankin Lakeland, kamar yadda ake lura da ingantattun abubuwan cuwa-cuwa a cikin mazaunin a ƙarshen watan Yuni, da kuma gungun masu launin shudi daga tsakiyar watan Yuli da kuma daga baya.

Kawai macen ta sanya mashin cikin kwanaki 12-15. A farkon matakan shiryawa, mace mai wahala tana iya barin abin sha, namiji yana damuwa da gida. A kwanakin da zasu sake haifar mata, mace zata zauna sosai akan mazaunin da za'a iya karban sa kuma yana kare mashin din. Lokacin da ta shiga ɗakin shaƙatawa, yakan fitar da wata tsoratarwa mai ƙarfi da gurɓatacciyar iska mai kaifi. A wannan matakin, za a iya ringi mata girma. Don hana cutar da mashin, mace mai damuwa dole ne a matse ta a hankali tare da hannunta zuwa masarar tsawon mintuna (don kwantar da hankali), yayin rufe ƙofar.

A farkon lokacin shiryawa, namiji yakan ciyar da mace a gefe, ta bar gida kuma ta tashi don ciyar. A matakin karshe na shiryawa, namiji yakan ciyar da mace gaba daya. Tun daga rana ta biyu bayan farawar kajin, duk iyayen sun dauki nauyin ciyar da yaran.

Ciyar da kawunan zinare a lokacin rana yana faruwa ne da misalin guda iri guda tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin 12-18 a kowace awa, a Poozerie ya wajaba a lura da isowa 43 na abokan aiki tare da abinci daga 8 zuwa 9 na safe, ana lura da raguwar aiki sosai a lokacin abincin rana - har zuwa 9- 10 isowa awa daya.

A cikin kudu maso yammacin Belarus (Tomashovsky gandun daji, gundumar Brest), iyaye sun tashi zuwa gida tare da abinci 380-470 sau a rana. Zuwa cikin ciyayi da aka samu a cikin dazuzzuka na itacen fari a cikin Belovezhskaya Pushcha a watan Yuni na 1973, kajin da ya rage na kawunansu kwana 10 shine 220-280 a kowace rana. Mai tsananin ciyar a ko'ina cikin yini ne in mun gwada da m. Matsakaicin ciyarwa ga kajin shima ya bambanta da shekarunsu. Sai kawai a cikin kwanaki 3 na farko bayan ƙyanƙyashe, ƙarancin ciyarwa yana da ƙanƙantar da kai, mace galibi tana yin kajin har sabili da haka yana ɗaukar ƙaramin rabo a cikin abinci idan aka kwatanta da namiji. Yawanci, tsuntsaye suna tattara abinci kusa da gida a cikin radius na kimanin 60. Yankin farauta a lokacin kiwo shine 3-6.5 dubu m², matsakaici na 5.2 dubu m².

Kayan kyankyasai sune ciyawar katako mai ganye, ciyayi, busasshen wutar daji, larvae na sawflies.

Lokacin yana da kwanaki 16-18, kajin suna barin gida. Tashi daga kajin a cikin ruwan teku mai shudi a Lakeland yana faruwa tun daga kwanakin farko na Yuni, duk da haka, an lura da taro na broods daga shekaru goma na biyu na Yuni. A karshen watan Yuli, 'yan gudun hijirar ba su da yawa.

Akwai kajin 3 zuwa 12 a cikin tsintsaye na Blue Tit a Poozerie, duk da haka, kasancewar kajin kafin matakin tashi a cikin terns ya fi yadda yake a cikin mazaunin halitta, a farkon lamarin - matsakaitan kajin ka 9.8, a na biyu - 7.0.

Wani ranakun 8-10, iyaye sun ciyar da gudu a wajen gida.

A ranar farko bayan tashi, brood ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida, bayan haka yana yawo sosai. Bayan makonni 1-2, kungiyoyin dangi sun gushe. Matasa mutane wani ɓangare ne na garken tsuntsaye masu cakuda, yawancin lokuta ana samun su a cikin dazuzzukan daji, watau, a wuraren da ba a nuna halin wannan nau'in ba.

Tuni a cikin Yuli, bayan tashi daga kananan tsuntsaye, ana kafa garken, sau da yawa haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu nau'in tsuntsaye, pikas, da nuthatch. A duk lokacin kaka, hunturu da kuma farkon bazara, tsuntsaye suna yawo cikin wani yanki, suna neman abinci. Nomads suna faruwa duka a cikin filayen, lambuna, wuraren shakatawa, haka kuma a cikin gidajen rani da ƙauyuka.

A cikin garken gauraye hade, shudi mai launin shuɗi a Lakeland ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, tare da yawan haɗuwa da kashi 63.3%. A lokacin bazara, idan aka kwatanta da lokacin hunturu (mutane 2-3 a kowace garken), a cikin adadi mai yawa, an sanya alamar titin shuɗi a cikin 19.3% na garken shuɗi saboda ƙungiyoyin brood na iyali.

A lokacin bazara, Blue Tit na cin abinci musamman kwari da gizo-gizo, wanda yake tarawa a jikin rassan bishiyoyi da ganyen bishiyoyi. A lokacin ciyar da nestlings da ciyar da shanu, tushen abinci na gida ya ƙunshi larvae na kifin gwal, huhun masarufi, ƙwatsar kwari na kwari, silkworms marasa aiki, har da gizo-gizo da cocoons. Dangane da sakamakon abin lura a yankin Lakeland, da kuma duba shingen kwari, tushen abincin kajin ya kunshi lardin Lepidoptera da koko mai gizo-gizo. Tashe-tashen hankulan kwaro da yawa a cikin gandun daji na haifar da gaskiyar cewa tsuntsayen sun canza kayan abinci gaba daya ta hanyar saurin kwari. Ragowar jami’an diplomasiyya, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, da gizo-gizo an lura da su a cikin cikin manya-manya-manyan mutane da aka samu.

Tsuntsaye suna tattara abinci don kajin a rawanin bishiyoyin farko, a cikin ƙasa, da wuya a ƙasa da ciyawa. Lokacin neman abinci a kudu maso yammacin Belarus, ana kiyaye Blue Tit a nisan mil 11-20 a galibi a cikin manyan sassan bishiyoyi.

A cikin hunturu, yana bincika kwari na hunturu, larvae da pupae a cikin fasa daga cikin haushi, a cikin cavs of reed stalks, da himma ci iri na iri daban-daban, 'ya'yan itãcen dutse ash, buckthorn teku, da sauransu A cikin Poozerye a cikin hunturu, blue tit ƙwararru a kwari kwari a cikin mai tushe na Reed: larvae na hatsi tashi, biyu-mai sikirin daki, kwari masu kwari. Matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin ciyar da launin shudi tun daga Janairu an lura da irin waɗannan abubuwan shuka kamar pollen da anern na alder, Aspen, Willow, willow. Sauran 'yan matan baƙar fata an samo su a cikin ciki na azureas da aka samu a cikin ambaliyar ruwa ta Yammacin Dvina Azureas. Abubuwan da aka daidaita da yanayin adaɓin (siffar ƙafa, gwargwado na ƙafa, girman reshe da sikelin, siffar baki) na gama gari mai laushi yana ba da izinin riƙe shi kuma an dakatar dashi ba kawai akan ganye ba, har ma a kan 'yan kunne, rassan tashar manyan nau'ikan jinsin.

A cikin bazara, ana cin 'yan kunne na Aspen, Willow, alder. Ba a adana abinci ba.

Mafi girman kitse na tarkunan da aka rubuta a tarkunan da aka rubuta a farkon kaka (Satumba) da farkon lokacin bazara (Maris), ƙarami - a watan Disamba-Janairu.

Bluewararrun shuɗi masu launin shuɗi suna jagorantar rayuwa mafi sassauci idan aka kwatanta da matasa. Yawancin tsuntsayen zoben zobe masu yawa an kama su a wurare na bandeji lokacin hunturu da farkon lokacin bazara (Vitebsk, 2000-2001, Braslav, 2002-2004). A wuraren yin zoben, a matsayinka na mai mulki, an kama tufatar shuɗi biyu, wanda ke tabbatar da ƙaunar dayansu suke da shi a lokacin rashin haihuwa.

Significantarin raguwa a cikin adadi, mafi yawa na ƙananan cututtukan samari, a cikin hunturu da karuwa a cikin bazara na nuna ƙarfin ƙaura daga jinsunan a arewacin Belarus, amma radius na motsi na matasa da manya mutane na buƙatar ƙarin bincike.

Yawan a cikin Belarus ya tabbata kuma an kiyasta shi zuwa 350,00000 nau'i-nau'i.

Matsakaicin shekarun da aka yiwa rajista a Turai shine shekaru 11 watanni 7.