Sunan Latin: | Acanthis cannabina |
Squad: | Passerines |
Iyali: | Finch |
Additionallyarin ƙari: | Bayanin jinsunan Turai |
Bayyanar mutum da hali. Kadan karami daya da yai yawa. Tsayin Jikin 13-15 cm, fuka-fukai 23 zuwa 26, nauyi 14-20 g. Wutsiyar tana da tsayi sosai, tare da cokali mai yatsa, gemun gajere, Kakakin duhu a launi. Babu kore ko kuma tabarau mai launin shuɗi a launi mai ruwan wuta. Jirgin yana sauri, undulating. Lokacin da tsayi nesa zai iya tashi zuwa babba mai tsayi. A ƙasa suke motsawa cikin ƙananan tsalle-tsalle masu haske. Tattara abinci (tsaba) daga ƙasa ko fitar da shi daga inflorescences, zaune akan tsire-tsire.
Bayanin. Namiji a cikin kayan mating yana da farin kirjin baya, gashin kai, yankin lumbar, haske, fari. Abun ciki da na farin ciki fari ne. Farin ciki tare da bakin ciki mai haske na gudana. Launin nono a cikin maza yana da alaƙa: yawanci ruwan hoda ne ko ruwan hoda mai haske, wani lokacin kuma ja. Akwai karamin tabo ja a goshi. A bangarorin ciki tare da launin ruwan kasa mai laushi launin ruwan kasa. Yankakkun fararen kaya ana iya ganinsu a cikin gashin fuka-fukan da wutsiya. Namiji yana da launin ruwan kasa a jikin kirjin sa a cikin kaka, launin sautin abu ne wanda ba a iya gani, mayafin kirjin ya bambanta da hat hat. Matar ta fi taushi kuma ba ta da jan sautuna masu launi. A baya, kirji da tarnaƙi, huɗaɗɗun ruwa na ciki. Gashin namiji dattako-mai zafin rana a lokacin bazara, mace tana da sauki sosai, a lokacin kaka-hunturu lokacin beak mai launin shuɗi, da gurɓataccen launin rawaya, ƙafafu masu launin ruwan kasa, iris launin ruwan kasa.
Yarinya tsuntsaye a cikin kayan kwalliya sun bambanta da mace a cikin kayansu na kwance, launuka masu laushi na kai, ɗumbin yawa na mottles mai tsayi a saman da ƙananan ɓangarorin jikin, har da baki mai haske. A cikin sabon gashin tsuntsu, yara da manya manya da mata suna da kamannin juna saboda yawaitar kankantar daɗaɗɗen kango na contan kwanon kwanciya, ƙwanƙwaran motsin wuta da inuwar launuka mai haske. Wutar mace ta bambanta da lentil na mace a cikin siririn da ke da faɗi, da kuma kasancewar farin iyaka a kan gashin fuka-fukai da fikafin wutsiya.
Kuri'a. Waƙar tana da kamshi, da rarrabewa, tare da maimaita magana mai taushi da sauti, kira - wani finch na hali "tyuv", Melodic"tululu"Kuma fasa"tk-tk-tk».
Matsayi na Rarraba. A Eurasia, ana rarrabawa daga Tsibirin Biritaniya, tekun Atlantika da Kudancin Scandinavia zuwa Yenisei Valley, har ma a cikin tsaunuka da ƙafafun Arewacin Afirka, Minan Asiya, Crimea, Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Asia ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Kazakhstan da Altai. Bugu da ƙari, yana zaune a tsibirin Canary da Madeira. Yawan nau'in ƙawancen da aka saba da shi na arewaci da tsakiyar yankunan Turai ta Rasha, wani lokacin winters cikin ƙananan lambobi a cikin babban layi. Zaune a cikin Ciscaucasia. Babban abin da ake buƙata na wannan nau'in don mazauna shine kasancewar bude sarari da tsirrai. Zai iya tsayawa a cikin ciyayi a cikin ciyawa, a cikin busassun busassun, a kan tsaunin tsaunuka, a cikin yanayin al'adu.
Rayuwa. Suna zaune a cikin lambuna, lambunan kayan lambu, shukoki, tare da gefan filayen, a cikin tsiro mai kariya a gefen tituna da manyan hanyoyi. A gida ne low, 0.5-2.5 m daga ƙasa, a cikin farashi bushes, a kan crossbeams ko dogayen sanda na fences, wani lokacin akan bishiyoyi. Wannan ƙaramin farin ciki ne amma mai yawa, wanda ya kunshi ciyawa, tushen sa, sandunansu, wani lokacin ma ana haɗuwa da gansakuka, lichens da cobwebs. An ɗauka takalmin tare da ruwan wukake na bakin ciki, ciyawa, firam na fure ko ulu. A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai 4-7 tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, mai launin shuɗi ko launin toka daga bango, wanda ba zai iya ɗaukar kowane yanayi ko samun launin ruwan hoda ko launin shuɗi daban-daban masu girma da yawa, galibi mafi yawan yanayi suna kasancewa a ƙarshen bakin ciki. Bugu da ƙari, haɓaka masu launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, layin duhu da curls suna haɓaka. An rufe karen tare da doguwar duhu mai duhu.
Kayan kyanwa suna ciyar da abinci kusan na musamman a kan ciyawa, har zuwa ƙasa kaɗan, invertebrates. Tun daga ƙarshen rani, suna yawo a cikin garkuna a cikin ƙasashe, suna ciyar da ƙasa kuma cikin ciyawa mai tsayi, galibi tare da greenfinches da carduelis.
Syn. Cannabina na Carduelis da linaria canariaina
Dukan yankin Belarus
Finch na iyali - Fringillidae.
A cikin Belarus - C. c. cannabina.
Kiwo na yau da kullun, ƙaurawar ƙaura na ƙaura, lokaci-lokaci nau'in hunturu. A cikin shekaru daban-daban, a cikin wurare guda ɗaya na iya warwarewa ko dai sosai, ko kuma akasin haka, yana da wuya sosai.
Allerarami kaɗan da wata bazawara, wanda ake kwatanta shi da ƙarancin jima'i. Namiji yaro yana da kanshi mai kaifin toka, goshi da kirji suna da haske ja, baya da sauran fikafikan dabbobi masu launin shuɗi, fuka-fukai da wutsiya masu launin shuɗi-baki. Lissafi ya yi launin toka, ƙafafu suna launin shuɗi. Zumuntar mace da karamar tsuntsu ba ta da bambanci, launin shuɗi, ba tare da launin ja ba. A baya da kirji, madaidaiciya duhu launin ruwan kasa yana gudana. Girman namiji shine 14-23 g, mace ita ce 15-21 g .. Tsawon jikin (duka jinsi) shine 12-14 cm, fikafikai 21-25.5 cm ne tsawon reshe na maza shine 7.5-9 cm, wutsiya shine 5.5-6 cm , tarsus 1.4-2.2 cm, baki 0.9-1 cm. Tsawon tsayi na mata 7.5-8 cm, wutsiya 5-6.5 cm, yats 1.4-1.9 cm, baki 0, 9-1 cm.
Wannan tsuntsu ana yawan ganinsa zaune akan wayoyi ko a saman bushes da ƙananan bishiyoyi. A lokacin bazara da bazara, maza sukan raira waƙa. Waƙar ta yi shuru, amma sai daɗewa, ta ƙunshi jerin abubuwan waƙoƙi da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa da latsa sauti.
Ya fi son bude sarari da ƙananan shukoki. M gandun daji m. Yawancin lokaci yana zaune kusa da tafki. Yana zaune wuri mai faɗi na al'adu tare da bishiyoyi da shishika. Yana da gida a cikin lambuna, wuraren shakatawa, da hurumi, da shinge kusa da dabarun noma, a cikin shinge na kariya dusar kankara tare da manyan tituna da layin dogo, a cikin katako, a cikin ambaliyar ruwa da filayen kiwo, makiyaya, kusa da ginin mutane, musamman a ƙauyuka da birane.
Sun isa shekaru na biyu na Maris - farkon rabin Afrilu.
A cikin farkon rabin Afrilu linnet yawanci mamaye nesting shafukan, maza rayayye raira. A cikin lokacin farauta, galibi ana gudanar da abubuwa daban-daban. Koyaya, sau da yawa a cikin duka kungiyoyi suna zaune a cikin bishiyoyi tsakanin filayen ko tare da canjin manyan hanyoyin sufuri. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, ana shirya filayen a cikin bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa da shukoki masu yawa, akan kananan bishiyoyi Kirsimeti guda, pines, junipers, da kuma a cikin kyawawan tsire-tsire na kayan ado (giyan daji, ganyaye, vesicles, da dai sauransu), ƙasa da kullun akan ƙananan rassan bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace (apple, pear, cherry plum da sauransu.). A cikin shimfidar wuri ta al'adu, a wasu lokutan tana zama a wuraren da ba a saba ba - a cikin katako na katako, a ƙarƙashin rufin gine-ginen keɓaɓɓu, a cikin tutocin bulo da garkuwa na katako don riƙe dusar ƙanƙara. Gida an gina shi a tsayin 0.6-3 m (galibi kimanin 1.5 m).
A gida ne mai m, m, amma da ɗan sloppy kofin-dimbin yawa tsarin, Twisted daga wheatgrass rhizomes (a cikin anthropic wuri mai faɗi), Heather mai tushe, forbs (a gefunan gandun daji, sharewa), i.e. daga in mun gwada da m gini kayan hade da na bakin ciki Tushen, gansakuka. A mafi yawan lokuta ana yin layi tare da babban karen kayan lambu, furen ulu, gashin fuka-fukan, dutsen dawakai, bakin ciki, da auduga da zaren (wani lokacin rufin yana kunshe da kayan guda ɗaya kaɗai). Tsawon gida shine 5.5-12 cm, diamita shine 10.5-13 cm, zurfin tray shine 3-5 cm, diamita shine 7-8 cm. Ginin gida yana ɗaukar kwanaki 5-7.
A cikin cikakken kama na 4-7 (yawanci 5-6) ƙwai na shuɗi mai haske ko launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da launin shuɗi mai haske, launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi da curls, wasu lokuta suna haifar da corolla a ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarshe. Tsarin kwai 1.7 g, tsawon 17-20 mm, diamita 12-15 mm.
Lokacin nesting yana tsawaita sosai. Ana samun cikakkun ingantattun abubuwan ɓoyewa daga farkon Mayu (a wasu shekaru daga ƙarshen shekarun goma na uku na Afrilu) zuwa ƙarnin na uku na Yuli kuma, a matsayin banda, har ma a watan Agusta. Akwai broods guda biyu a cikin shekara guda. Idan ana maganar masonry ana maimaita shi. Yana iya haɗawa don 12-14 (a cewar wasu kafofin, 10-12) kwanaki, galibi mace.
Kayan kaji barin gida a rana ta 12 na rayuwa. Dukansu kafin tashi daga gida, kuma sama da mako guda bayan tashi, iyayen biyu suna ciyar da kajin, a kullun a cikin baki tare da abincin da aka kawo cikin jaka. Ba kamar sauran tsuntsayen da yawa ba, Linnet bai nuna damuwa cikin hadari a gida ba. Ba sa ƙoƙarin kare zuriyar, amma suna ɓoye kansu.
Yarinya na farkon kiwo na farko an haɗo su cikin kananan garke su ƙaura zuwa wuraren ciyarwa. Bayan tashi daga cikin matasa, sake zagayowar rukuni na biyu kuma ana kiyaye shi a cikin kananan garke.
Abincin Hemp ya gauraye: suna ciyar da kajin da kwari, matafila, gizogizo, yayin da tsuntsayen da suka manyanta ke cin abinci iri-iri na daji da kuma ganye. A da, lokacin da ake horar da al'adun gargajiya na hemp a cikin filayen da gonaki na gyada, tsuntsaye sun fi son ciyar da 'ya'yan itatuwa a lokacin girki.
Farkon lokacin kaka yana faruwa a watan Satumba - Oktoba. Yawancin tsuntsayen sau da yawa suna wuce filayen, inda suke yin ɗan lokaci a wuraren ciyarwa. Fedyushin da Dolbyk (1967) sun nuna cewa tsuntsaye suna motsawa cikin garken da ke warwatse, suna bin lamuran itace. Tun a watan Oktoba, linnet din ke da wuya a kasar mu, amma wasun su na wanzuwa cikin hunturu don lokacin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi. A cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, ana ganin bishiyoyin hemp na hunturu a kudu maso yammacin Belarus kusan kowace shekara a Brest da kewayenta, a cikin gidajen rani, da kuma a wasu yankuna na yankin Brest.
An kiyasta yalwar a cikin Belarus dubu 130-18080; adadin yana da tsayayye ko yayi saurin zuwa kadan.
Matsakaicin shekarun da aka yiwa rajista a Turai shine shekaru 9 watanni 5.
1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "Duniyar dabbobi ta Belarus. Vertebrates: littafin rubutu. Manual" Minsk, 2013. -399 p.
2. Nikiforov M.E., Yaminsky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Tsuntsayen Belarus: Jagorar Jagora don Nests da ƙwai" Minsk, 1989.-479 p.
3. Gaiduk V. ye., Abramova I. V. "Tsinkayen tsuntsaye a kudu maso yamma na Belarus. Passeriformes: tarihin duniya." Brest, 2013.
4. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. "Tsuntsayen Belarus". Minsk, 1967. -521s.
5. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) LITTAFIN jerin bayanan tarihin rayuwar tsuntsayen Turai.