Stork-Razini - (Anastomus) asalin halittar tsuntsayen cinya ne na dangin tsuntsayen (duba AISTIC), ya hada da nau'ikan biyu: Asalin kwayar Asiya (Anastomus oscitans) da na Afirka (Anastomus lamelligerus), na waje yayi kama da na ainihin storks. Razini ya banbanta ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
Storks na Iyali (Ciconiidae) - Manyan tsuntsayen masu doki mai tsawo wadanda suke kawo karshe zuwa karshen suna cikin gidan masu yawo. Toan yatsar baya na ci gaba ba su ci gaba ba, ƙananan yatsun gaba guda uku suna haɗuwa a gindi ta wani ƙaramar me iyo. Corwayoyin murhu da muryoyin ... ... Encyclopedia na ilimin halitta
Iyalan Stork - Storks wasu tsuntsaye ne masu nauyi masu nauyi mai nauyi tare da babban baki, dogayen kafafu da yatsunsu masu gajeren zango. Gashinsu mai tsayi ne, madaidaiciya, da elongated conical da sikelin-siffa, ana wani lokaci ana danne shi dan kadan sama, a wasu nau'ikan tsakiyar dukkan ... ... rayuwar dabbobi
Stork - Wannan kalmar tana da wasu ma’anoni, duba Stork (ma’anoni). Storks ... Wikipedia
Stork (dabi'u) - Stork: Iyalin gidan ciconia na tsuntsaye daga ankowan kafa, sun rufe halittu shida da nau'in sha tara. Storks sune asalin halittar dabbobin gida masu stork. Klyuvachi storks Storks razini "Stork" wani fim din Soviet na 1968 wanda darektan Moldavian Valery Zheregi ... Wikipedia
Kwandon Indiya - Jirgin Indiya ya buɗe ... Wikipedia
Stork na Asiya - (Buhun buɗe ido na Indiya, buɗewar siliki na fure, ƙwallan bakin ciki na Anastomus), nau'in tsuntsayen cinya na halittar Stork a buɗe (duba Razini storks), tsayin jiki 65 cm 70. umarfafawar fari ce, mai launin kore-baƙi mai tashi da fika wutsiya. Beak mara nauyi kore ...
Jirgin Afirka - Afirka ta buɗe ƙasa ... Wikipedia
Gongal mazaunan
Gongal yana zaune a cikin yankuna masu dausayi, gami da filayen ambaliyar ruwa, wurare masu zurfin tunani da tabkuna. Ana amfani da filayen ambaliyar a wuraren noman shinkafa.
Irin waɗannan wuraren yankuna suna kan matsakaici zuwa tsawan mita 385 zuwa 1,100 sama da matakin teku. Ruwa a cikinsu yana da zurfin santimita 10-50. Gongal, kamar tsuntsu mai kolo, yana buƙatar isasshen ruwan da zai zauna a waɗannan wurare, wanda ke tabbatar da wadatar abinci.
Stork na Indiya (oscitans na duniya).
Kiwo Storks
Razini storks sun zama nau'i-nau'i kuma kawai a lokuta mafi wuya suna da auren mata fiye da ɗaya. Ma'aurata masu yawan bi ɗaya galibi suna mamaye wuraren zama akan bishiyoyi. Mazajen, bayan sun zauna a wani yanki, sai su tsare yankinsu, su kuma kai hari ga waɗansu ɓoye. Irin wannan halin halayyar na tilasta maza maza su daidaita dangantaka.
Membobin wannan yanki na musamman suna raba nauyi don hidimar gida. Ana rarraba ginin, shiryawa da kuma kula da offspringa offspringan iri ɗaya tsakanin ragoyoyin da suke zaune a wannan rukunin yanar gizon.
Polygyny na hulɗa tsakanin zamantakewa yana ba da gudummawa ga wanzuwar jinsi gabaɗaya kuma yana da matukar nasara ga kiwo, ciyar da kare yara.
A cikin lokacin mating, maza suna jan hankalin mata, suna nuna yiwuwar wuraren da za su iya yin farauta tare da yin amfani da kayan don gina gida. Wannan halayyar tana ƙarfafa mace don zaɓar namiji tare da kyawawan halayen magini. A wannan yanayin, mace na iya adana kuzari da kuma kula da kitsen da ya cancanci ƙyamar ƙwai da daɗewa.
Namiji mai kyauta ya shiga cikin mata biyu ko ya maye gurbin wani da wanda mace ta fara aure.
Yayin aiwatar da balaga, gongals suna tashi kusa da juna, sau da yawa tsuntsu daya a saman ɗayan, sannan a huta, a zaune kusa da shi akan reshe. Wani lokaci tsuntsayen suna nuna hamayya da juna.
Lokacin kiwo shine daga watan Yuni zuwa Disamba kuma ya kai kololuwar lokacin damina tare da isasshen ruwan sama. Dukkan tsuntsayen suna cikin aikin gina gida, ta amfani da ganye, ciyawa, rassa da kuma mai tushe, kayan aikin gini shine yawancin maza suka tattara. Nests suna ƙafa 15-60 ƙafa sama da ƙasa. Matan sun sa ƙwai 2-5. Duk iyayen sun saka masonry na kwanaki 27-30. Chicky sun dogara ne ga iyayensu tsawon kwanaki 35-36, kuma suna ci gaba da dogaro har sai sun kai ga balaga, wanda ke faruwa bayan watanni 2. A wannan lokacin, matasa baƙar fata suna barin gida kuma sun sami damar fara haifuwa a cikin gida inda suka ƙetare.
Waɗannan dabbobin tsuntsaye ne masu ƙaura.
Siffofin halayen gongal
Gongals sune tsuntsayen zamantakewa sosai kuma suna samar da manyan yankuna kan bishiyoyi tare da sauran nau'o'in kayan maye da na ruwa, irin su herons. Abubuwan furannin Asiya suna da mazauninsu kamar yadda suke so, suna mamaye mafi girman kuma suna barin dama ga sauran tsuntsayen su zauna ƙasa.
Gine-ginen mulkin mallaka sun ba wa manyan rukunin ashirye damar kariya daga ikon mallaka daga magabatansu. Wannan halin territasar yana ƙara damar rayuwa cikin zuriyar.
Yankunan da Asiya ta buɗe za su iya samun kwallin nari guda 150, kowannensu yana da kusan cm 100 a tsayi kuma radiyon 30 cm. Storks koyaushe suna cikin yankin daular tasu ta kusa, suna yin nisan mil mil 1-1.5 kawai don neman abinci.
Razini storks guji m al'adu.
Zoo. Kashi na 3
Bisquit / Musikladen Gogos Girl- Zoo Zoo (1981)
Fara da gabatarwa da abun cikin: Zoo. Kashi na 1.
Ci gaba (tare da like!): Gidan zu. Kashi na 2.
Bayani game da wannan batun ana bayar da ita ta mujallar. wariwona
Coromandel shark, ko farar fata mai launin fata (lat. Carcharhinus dissumieri) wani nau'in asalin halittar dangin zinare ne na dangin Carcharhinidae.
Tana zaune a tekun Indiya da Yammacin Pacific. An bazu ko'ina cikin ruwan tekun Bahar Rum zuwa zurfin mitoci 170.
Wannan ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, amma ɗan ƙaramin nau'in kifayen yankuna.
Unionungiyar Internationalasa da Duniya don Kula da Halittar (IUCN) ta sanya wannan nau'in kifayen matsayin matsayin Kusa da ularna (Tashan).
Babu haɗari ga ɗan adam.
An ba da takamaiman sunan Latin don girmama baƙon Faransa Jean-Jacques Dussumier (1792-1883).
Karamin nau'in sharks, matsakaicin tsayin kusan 100 cm, matsakaicin matsakaicin tsayin tsayin jiki shine 90 cm a matsakaita .. Coromandel shark yana da dogon gashi mai launin toka, dogon hanci, manyan idanu, kwance a sama, babban dorsal na farko, gindi wadda take a ƙarshen bayananta na ƙyallen.
Doarshen digon na biyu dogaye ne, tsayinsa yakai 4% na tsayin jiki. Launi a saman launin toka ne, ciki ya yi fari. A matsayinka na mai mulki, akwai takaddama tsakanin ƙashin farko da na biyu. Babban fasalin rarrabuwa shine farar fata a saman fin din na biyu. Hakoran hakora na sama suna da siffar triangular tare da maɗaukakiyar hanzari mai nuna hankali, manyan serrations sun wuce gefen gaba, gefen gaba an rufe shi da ƙananan hakora. Gill slits nau'i biyu na matsakaici matsakaici.
Shark shark (lat. Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides) wani nau'in kifin shark ne daga nau'in kifin sharks (Carcharhinus).
Wadannan sharks suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsananin zafi na Indo-Pacific yankin daga Tekun Aden zuwa arewacin gabar tekun Australia. An same su a cikin ruwa a cikin zurfin har zuwa 50. Matsakaicin adadin da aka yi rikodin shine 1.7 m. Suna da jiki mai jituwa, huhun hancinsa, da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ƙashi mai ƙima. Hannun ƙusoshin na baki ne.
Abincin ya ƙunshi kifin bony, da kuma cephalopods da crustaceans. Wadannan sharks suna haifar da haihuwar rai, a cikin zurfin yara har zuwa jarirai 9, ciki yana ɗaukar watanni 9-10. A Ostiraliya, lokacin haihuwa yana faruwa ne a watan Janairu da Fabrairu.Wannan ana ɗaukar nau'in yana da haɗari ga 'yan adam, ko da yake ba a taɓa yin wani harin guda ɗaya bisa hukuma ba. Yana da wasu amfani don kamun kifin kasuwanci.
Thean asalin masanin kimiyyar kimiyyar kimiyyar zina na Australia Gilbert Percy Whiteleyruen ne ya fara bayanin wannan a shekarar 1934 a matsayin Gillisqualus amblyrhynchoides. Masanin ya bincika wata mace wacce ba ta gaza ba 60 cm tsawon, ta kama bakin tekun Queensland.
Kamar yadda yake ga yawancin wakilai na nau'in sharuddan launin toka, dangantakar halittar jini na Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides ba a bayyana cikakke ba. Dangane da ilimin halittar halittar dabbobi, Jack Garrickruen a 1982 ya kammala da cewa jinsunan da ke da alaƙa da yawa sune farar fata mai launin baƙi, kuma waɗannan nau'ikan biyu, biyun, suna kusa da ɗan gajeren zannun fur ɗin launin toka.
A cikin 1988, Leonard Compagnoruen ya gudanar da binciken ilimin halittar dabbobi kuma ya sanya jinsunan biyu a rukuni guda tare da Carcharhinus leiodon da kuma launin toka mai toka. Koyaya, binciken ilimin kwayoyin bai tabbatar da kusancin gajeren yatsun kafa ba, daidaitaccen, da kuma baki mai launin toka.
Sharki (lat. Carcharhinus ntous) yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'in halittar asalin kifayen kifayen dangi Carcharhinidae.
Wannan kifin ya haifar da suna saboda kyakykyawan hali ga mutane. Yana zaune a cikin rafin bakin teku na arewacin Australia, Papua New Guinea da tsibirin Solomon. Wannan ƙaramin ɗanɗano mai ruwan toka ko launin toka mai kauri 1.0-1.3 a mm .. Yana da gajeru, sumba, idanu masu kyau da babban ƙoshin digiri na biyu. A gaban gefuna na ƙusoshin suna da iyakar baki, ƙananan ƙasan caudal fin tare da bakin baki.
A shekara ta 1945, masanin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi dan kasar Australiya Gilbert Percy Whiteley ya bayyana mai jin kunya a matsayin wata alama ce ta Galeolamna greyi (yanzu shine mafi karantuwa na kalmar Carcharhinus mai duhu). Jinsi na nau'in halitta ya fito ne daga kalmar lat. Cauta ta lura da halin fargaba yayin haduwa da mutane.
Marubutan da suka biyo baya sun amince da wannan sharkin a matsayin wata halitta daban ta Halkar Carcharhinus. An bayyana jinsunan ne sakamakon binciken samfurin fata da hakora na wata mace mai tsawon cm 92, wanda aka kama a wani yanki na Shark a yammacin Australiya.
Dangane da ilimin halittar halittar dabbobi, Jack Garrick a 1982 ya ba da shawarar cewa mai jin kunya ya kasance yana da alaƙa da kusancin sharba na Malagasy (Carcharhinus melanopterus). Leonard Comagno a cikin 1988 ya tattara jerin waɗannan jinsunan guda biyu tare da baki mai baki (Carcharhinus acronotus), kunkuntar-toothed (Carcharhinus brachyurus), siliki (Carcharhinus falciformis) da kuma Cuban nocturnal shark (Carcharhinus signatus). An tabbatar da kusancin dangantakar dake tsakanin shy shark da Malgash nocturnal shark a shekarar 1992 sakamakon binciken da aka samu a jikin kwayoyin halitta da kuma a shekarar 2011 ta hanyar bincike kan kwayoyin halittar nukiliya da kwayoyin halittar dan adam.
Alade mai launin toka mai launin toka.
Alade na ido Grey Shark (lat. Carcharhinus amboinensis) kifi ne mai tsinkaye daga halittar Carcharhinus na dangin launin toka (Carcharhinidae). Suna zaune a cikin ruwan rairayin bakin teku na gabashin Atlantic da kuma yammacin yammacin yankin Indo-Pacific.
Sun fi son ruwan da aka zubar da ruwa tare da ƙasa mai taushi, suna da keɓaɓɓen mazaunin mazauni. Suna da jiki mai girma tare da ɗan gajeren hancin haske. A waje, suna kama da shahararrun sanannun sharks. Wadannan nau'ikan sun bambanta da yawan vertebrae, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙyallin baya da sauran ƙananan halaye. Yawancin lokaci yan Sharks na wannan nau'in sun kai tsawon 1.9-2.5 m.
Kifin kifin launin toka-kwalliyar kwalliyar kwalliya ce da ke farauta wadanda suke farauta a kasan sashin ruwa.
Abincinsu ya ƙunshi baƙin ƙarfe da kifin katako, ɓawon burodi, ɓarna, kifayen teku da kifayen kifi. Wadannan sharks suna haifuwa ta hanyar haihuwar rai, amfrayo suna samun abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar haɗin mahaifa.
A cikin zuriyar dabbobi daga jarirai 3 zuwa 13, daukar ciki yakai watanni 9-12. Yankunan sharks suna amfani da shekarun farko na rayuwarsu a cikin hanyoyin kare yankin, inda ƙungiyoyin su ke daidaita da sauye sauye da na lokaci. Girman girman hakora da hakoran sharks masu launin alade suna sanya su zama masu hadari ga mutane, kodayake har zuwa yanzu ba a taba yin wani harin ba. Lokaci-lokaci, yankan kifayen wannan nau'in suna kama da sifofin sharan tarko da kuma kamun kifin kasuwanci. Ana amfani da naman a matsayin abinci.
Masana ilimin halitta na kasar Jamus Johann Muller da Yakubu Henle sune farkon wadanda suka yi bayanin sabon nau'in halittar Carborias (Prionodon) amboinensis a shekarar 1839. Daga baya, aka sanya nau'in halittar dangin dangin shakiyancin launin toka. Holotype ɗin wata mace ce mai tsawon cm 74 cm, wacce aka kama a tsibirin Ambon, Indonesia, da sunan da aka bayar da nau'in jinsi. Yawancin ƙananan kalmomin wannan nau'in an san su, wanda aka bayyana Triaenodon obtusus akan asalin tayi a ƙarshen matakin ci gaba.
Dangane da kamanceceniya ta waje tsakanin Carcharhinus amboinensis da sharks m, an ba da shawarar cewa nazarin ilimin halittar dabbobi wanda zai iya tabbatar da kusancin dake tsakanin wadannan jinsunan. Bayan haka, ba a tabbatar da wannan zato ta hanyar binciken kwayoyin cututtukan kwayoyin halittun ba.
Binciken halittar dan adam game da kifayen sharri da ke zaune a arewacin gabar tekun Australia ya ba da shawarar cewa juyin halitta na wannan nau'in ya sami tasiri ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin tekun a zamanin Pleistocene. Yanayin bambancin da aka samu a cikin DNA na mitochondrial ya yi daidai da rarrabewa da haɗuwa da yawan jama'a ta hanyar shingen ƙasa wanda ko dai ya bayyana ko ya ɓace.
Sabuwar waɗannan shinge ita ce gadar ƙasa a ƙasan Torres Strait, wacce ta sake faruwa shekaru 6,000 da suka wuce, wanda ya haifar da rarrabewar rarrabuwa tsakanin kifayen da ke zaune a bakin Tekun Yammacin Australia da Yankunan Arewacin, da kuma yawan mazaunan ruwa a cikin ruwan Queensland.
Carcharhinus amboinensis suna zaune a cikin ruwa mai cike da wurare masu zafi da gabashin tekun Atlantika (Afirka ta Kudu), a cikin Tekun Indiya (Madagascar, Hindustan, Sri Lanka, Indonesia) da kuma yammacin tekun Pacific (Papua New Guinea, Ostiraliya). Tare da daidaito, ba a ayyana kewayonsu saboda girman kwatancen zuwa ga shark mai sumba. A gabashin Atlantic, ana samun su kusa da Cape Verde da Senegal, haka kuma daga Najeriya zuwa Namibia. Akwai rakodin guda ɗaya na kasancewar ƙif ɗin kifaye a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum a bakin tekun Crotone, Italiya.
Label na bayanan asalin halitta yana nuna cewa Carcharhinus amboinensis, musamman matasa, kusan ba sa ƙaura kuma an haɗe shi da takamaiman wurin zama. Nisan da aka kafa mafi girma da aka rufe da wannan nau'in shi shine kilomita 89.
Wata dabba mai hadarin gaske ga mutane, amma har zuwa yanzu ba a sami rahoton bullar cutar ta wannan nau'in a kan mutane ba.
A shekarar 1994, an sami sakamako mai yawa na guban mutane a yammacin Madagascar bayan da aka ci manyan abubuwan kare sharks.
Mutane 500 suka shafa, 98 daga cikinsu sun mutu.
Sanadin guba shine ciguater.
Siguater ko chiguater (Spanish. Ciguatera) wata cuta ce da ke faruwa lokacin da aka ci wasu nau'in kifayen kifayen, kyallen da ke ɗauke da guba na ƙasan halitta, siguatoxin.
7) Jirgin ruwa (ot).
Cat otter (lat. Lontra felina) - mai karancin karancin dabbobi masu karancin karancin ruwa na dangin Marten.
Yana faruwa a cikin yanayi mai zafi da kuma yanayin zafi na gabar tekun Pacific na Kudancin Amurka daga arewacin Peru zuwa iyakar Kudancin Cape Horn. An adana karamin adadin mayukan teku a Argentina a gabashin gabar Ti Tirez del Fuego.
An gabatar da abubuwan da ke cikin teku a tsibirin Falkland, inda aka kawo su, a nan suke zaune yanzu a cikin kananan kungiyoyi.
Kwafin teku shine mafi ƙarami daga cikin abubuwan halittar Lontra. Jikinta yana da daci, silili, daɗaɗɗiya, ƙafafunta kuma gajeru ne masu ƙarfi. Ba kamar sauran masu sihiri ba tare da labulen laushi, otters na teku suna da fur mai kauri, mai kauri. Gashin waje yana da tsawon 20 mm, gumi 12 mm. Ruwan teku ba shi da mai mai, kuma Jawo shine kawai iyawarsa don kula da zafin jiki a cikin ruwan sanyi. Tsarin Jawo yana ba da izinin tekun damar kiyaye abin da ke ƙasa yayin da dabbar ta jike.
8) Herbivorous Dracula.
Herbivore Dracula (lat. Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum) dabbobi ne masu shayarwa daga dangin jigajigan Leaf (Phyllostomidae). Duk da mummunan sunan ta, halittar ba ta da wata illa. A cikin shan jinin mutum ba a lura ba, Yana ciyarwa na musamman a kan m ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itace da cikakke' ya'yan itatuwa.
Wannan nau'in halittu ne masu matukar wahala. An samo shi a cikin gandun daji mai zafi na Kudancin Amurka.Yana faruwa a Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela da Columbia, galibi tare da gabashin gangarawar Andes.
Ana samun ƙananan adadi a cikin gandun daji na wuraren bushe yankuna. Zasu iya rayuwa biyu a farfajiyar lebur kuma a tsaunuka har zuwa 2250 m sama da matakin teku. Lokaci zuwa lokaci kan gonaki da cikin gari.
Herbivorous Dracula suna zaune cikin nau'i-nau'i ko kuma kalma ɗaya. Jagoranci irin rayuwar da ba ta dace ba. Da rana, dabbobi suna ɓoye cikin kogo, ɓarna na ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko cikin kambi mai yawa na bishiyoyin ficus.
Kai da jiki a cikin tsayi kusan 53-57 mm, goshi har zuwa 40-42 mm. Launin Jawo shine launin ruwan kasa mai haske da fari-launin ruwan kasa a ƙasa. Whiteaunar fari guda ke tsiro a tsakiyar baya. Weight bai wuce 15-18 g ba.
A karshen mucks akwai fitar fari na fata mai suna hanci hanci. A cikin maza, ya sami ci gaba sosai fiye da na mace. Kunnuwa suna da girma kuma triangular a siffar.
Maza akan kan gado suna da babban fatar fata. Yayin bacci na rana, sai ya rufe idanunsa ta hanyar rufe fuska don kada hasken mai haske ya hana shi hutawa da hutawa. Mata basu da irin wannan harafin.
Dracula tayi irinta sau biyu a shekara kafin farkon damina. An kiyasta samun juna biyu na tsawon watanni uku.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, 'yan wakilan wannan nau'in sun fada hannun likitocin dabbobi, don haka har yanzu ya kasa fahimtar shi.
Sparkling Mice. Akomisy.
Mice, Mabuɗin Akomisa (Acomys) asalin dabi'ar dangin kisan ne.
Tsayin jiki 7-13 cm, wutsiya 6-13 cm manyan idanu da manyan kunnuwa zagaye.
An rufe baya tare da allura na gaske, kusan iri ɗaya ne kamar shinge. Yawancin lokaci suna launin rawaya, tan, ko launin toka mai duhu.
An rufe jikinta da farin farin gashi.
A cikin mazan mazan, zazzaɓi da ya fi tsayi a wuyan ya samar da mayya.
Allura mice suna iya sabuntawa.
Idan akwai haɗari, mice na iya zubar da fata, wanda shine sau 20 mara m da mice na al'ada.
Tabo ba ya samuwa a inda ake rauni, kamar yadda aka saba a dabbobi masu shayarwa, amma ana samun cikakkiyar farfadowa.
Da farko Kwayoyin epithelial sunyi ƙaura A saman rauni, daga nan kuma a karkashin su tarin tarin amfanoni kamar sel suke.
Daga karshen, sabon gashi mai cikekken gashi to yayi girma.
Akasar Akomis ta Gida na Asiya, musamman Saudi Arabia, tsibiran Cyprus da Kiriti da kuma mafi yawan Afirka.
Akwai nau'ikan da yawa a yanayi, mafi yawan lokuta a zaman bauta a Alkahira (Acomys cahirinus).
Sun zauna a cikin ramuka waɗanda suke haƙa kansu, amma suna iya amfani da ramuka na wasu ƙananan zatan. Su ne aiki, yafi a sanyin safiya da yamma, suna ciyar da abinci akan tsire-tsire. Rayuwa cikin kungiyoyi.
Ana kiyaye berayen bera kamar dabbobi.
A cikin halittar allurar gudawa, 3 subgenera da kusan nau'ikan 20 sun bambanta.
Singing mice na Costa Rica da Panama.
Sergey Marchenko - Inspirer na Post.)
Jijiyoyin da ba a sani ba suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan daji na wurare masu zafi na Panama da Costa Rica - linzamin kwamfuta
Gaskiya ne, wasu masanan ilmin halitta sunyi imani da cewa Scotinomys teguina suna da kusanci da dangantaka da hamsters fiye da mice.
Koyaya, wannan ba ɗayansu bane, amma gaskiyar cewa waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi na iya raira waƙa.
Gaskiya ne, mazan kawai suna raira waƙa, suna ƙirƙirar ɗaruruwan kalmomin magana, haɗuwa wacce ke ba da damar waɗannan leman’uwa su ja hankalin mata, su gargaɗi abokan hamayyarsu, kare yankinsu, da sauransu.
Abin mamaki, maza a cikin lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin yanayi ko kuma idan aka sami wata rashin jituwa (saboda yanki ɗaya) zai yi waka dabam, ba tare da tsangwama juna ba, kamar mazan da ke da ilimi.
Masu bincike a Jami'ar New York sun yanke shawarar cewa muryoyin da ke cikin kwakwalwar alice mice suna da yankin musamman, kama da wanda ke da alhakin magana da kuma damar magana iri daya a cikin mutane.
Misali, baku taba mamakin me yasa kuke gina jumla haka cikin sauki ba, har ma da mafi rikitarwa, ba tare da tunani kwatankwacin sa ba, daga ina sautunan da suke kanku suke fitowa, da sauransu?
Kuma duk abu daidai yake a yankin motar kwakwalwa, wanda ya sa mutum ya rasa ikon magana, alal misali, tare da cutar kansa, bugun jini, raunin kai.
Mutane, ba shakka, ba su dace da gwaje-gwaje kan tasirin neurobiological a kan wannan yanki ba, in ji Michael Long, daya daga cikin masana kimiyya a Jami'ar New York, kuma saboda haka har yanzu ba mu fahimci tsarin wannan yanki na kwakwalwa ba, dalilan da ya haifar da hakan.
Amma ya gano cewa Scotinomys teguina mice sune kyawawan dabbobi gwaji don dalilai na cututtukan zuciya, kuma, a ganina,
zai taimaka mana wajen tona asirin a wannan fannin na magani.
A halin yanzu, maza na Alston sun ci gaba da rera wakokin wakokinsu a cikin gandun daji na Panama da Costa Rica, ba ma zargin cewa wakarsu tana da mahimmanci ba kawai don sadarwa a cikin jama'arsu ba, har ma ga mutane. Koyaya, muna ba da shawara ka saurari ƙaramin yanki na waɗannan muryoyin sannan ka kimanta shi da kanka (duba bidiyo).
A ƙarshe, muna ƙara: Masu binciken Amurka a Jami'ar Duke sun gano cewa kusan dukkanin jijiyoyi suna waka.
Gaskiya ne, waƙoƙinsu suna faruwa a cikin kewayon da mutum bai ji ba. Ya bayyana cewa kawai Scotinomys teguina na iya yin waka har ma mutane zasu iya jin su. Ina mamakin abin da yasa aka basu irin wannan baiwa, ko wataƙila irin wannan hukuncin.
'Yar Uganda ta yi gargadin + Torah ta tafi.
Na gode abokin aiki tibet888 don taken!
Masana kimiyya sun gano wata madaidaiciyar hanya da za ta iya tallafa wa nauyin mutum har ma da cikakken mutum.
Ana ba da irin wannan ƙarfin da jimiri ta hanyar tsarin sabon abu na kashin baya na wannan dabba.
Thean asalin ƙasar Uganda tayi ƙwararrun nau'ikan halittu masu ban sha'awa tsakanin kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa
Ya kasance ga halittar halittar Scutisorex kuma, har zuwa kwanannan, shine kawai jinsi. Rashin daidaiton karamin kwari shine babban juriyarsa: mai ban sha'awa yana iya yin tsayayya da nauyi sau dubu da kansa a bayan sa.
An gano wannan nau'in a kwanan nan a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, kuma ita ce dabba ta biyu mai ban mamaki wacce ke da aladun na musamman. An gano irin wannan dabba ta farko, wani ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa na Uganda (Scutisorex somereni), a cikin Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo a cikin 1910.
Daga nan sai masu binciken suka nuna sha'awar irin kashin da ke jikinta, lokacin farin ciki ne, tare da dogayen dogo tare da juna kamar yadda hakoran babba da ƙananan mu. Ganin nauyin jikin (kimanin 100 g), wannan kashin ya juya baya zama mafi dorewa a duniya bisa ga jita-jitar, babban mutum zai iya tsayawa akan wannan kankanin hanyar ba tare da ya karya mata baya ba.
Koyaya, idan wani yayi ƙoƙarin bincika wannan, ba a san takamaiman yadda ba a san dalilin bayyanuwar irin wannan ƙarfin baya ba da kuma ayyukan da yake yi. Daga ra'ayi na jiki, wannan shine ainihin tsada mai tsada, yana buƙatar kashe kuzari, alli, kuma tare da burin da ba a bayyana mana ba tukuna.
Kuma kwanan nan, Rainer Hutterer da abokan aikinsa daga Gidan Tarihi na Bonn Zoological da aka gano a cikin gandun dajin Kwango wani sabon dangi na Uganda wanda ya sami karbuwa, wanda ya karbi sunan Scutisorex thori a fili, tare da nuna alama ga allahn Scandinavian allah Thor. Tsarin kwanyar da kashin wannan jijiyar ya nuna cewa ya tsaya a wani mataki na matsakaici na juyin halitta daga karkata zuwa talakawa zuwa ga wani matattarar sojan kasar Uganda. Wataƙila wannan binciken zai ba da damar ƙarshe mu bayyana ma'anar tatsuniyar da kashin kanta.
Masana ilimin halitta a Jamus sun ba da shawarar cewa mai ɗaukar makami da sabon dan uwan sa suna buƙatar irin wannan ƙarfin don samun zuwa larvae yana ɓoyewa a manyan sashin dabino na dabino, ko tsutsotsi a ƙarƙashin shinge na toho. Bayan haka, yayin da wadannan kawai maganganu ne, injinan sun riga sun kalli kashin baya na wadannan shukokin: watakila zasu bada izinin kirkirar sifofin wucin gadi na karfin da ba'a taba gani ba.
Yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa, ciki har da mutane, suna da vertebrae biyar a gindi daga cikin manyan sarkokin kashin baya, tare da rassa da yawa akan kowane vertebra. Koyaya, Bill Stanley, masanin binciken dabbobi a gidan ajiyar kayan tarihi na Chicago Field, ɗan ƙasan Uganda yana da 10rte vertebrae tare da ƙarin hanyoyin haɗin kashi, yana ba shi damar da ba a taɓa gani ba a masarautar dabba.
Yana da ƙarfi sosai bisa ga rubutattun rahotannin masu bincike na fauna na Kongo a farkon 1900, bayan mutum ya tsaya a bayan armadillo na mintina biyar, dabba ta zauna lafiya da sauti, in ji Stanley. Koyaya, Stanley kansa bai da tabbacin cewa wannan labarin gaskiya ne mai tsabta, tunda bai yi ƙoƙarin sake maimaita gwajin haɗarin ba, amma, a ra'ayinsa, ya nuna kyakkyawan rawar da yaƙi tsakanin mazauna kabilar Mangbet yake. Dattawan sun ce sanya kasusuwa na wannan yanayin as talismans yana kare sojoji daga mashin har ma da harsasai. Daga wannan imani, sunan gida na mashahuri shine gwarzon armadillo.
Koyaya, lokacin da Stanley ya buɗe sabon nau'in jirgin da aka kawo shi don ganewa, abin ya bashi mamaki kawai. Na dai zo da gosebumps a baya, in ji shi. Likitan halittar dabbobi nan da nan ya gano cewa yana ma'amala da wani sabon nau'in kayan shakatawa na armadillo, wanda ke da cikakkiyar kashin baya idan aka kwatanta da samfuran da aka gano a baya.
Stanley ya lura cewa kasusuwan Thor, yayin da rukunin sa suka fara kiran dabbar a tsakanin su, ya na da vertebrae takwas kacal a cikin ƙananan bayansa, kuma ƙwanƙwarar ƙwallafa a kan su sun yi ƙasa da na Ugandanan ƙasar Uganda.
Stanley da abokan aikin sa sun ba da shawarar cewa rawar Thor ta hanya ce mai canji a tarihin juyin juya hali, wanda kashinta ya bunkasa na tsawon lokaci, maimakon a hanzarta, kamar yadda wasu masana kimiyya suka nuna.
Kyawun Thor babban misali ne na ka'idar daidaita daidaituwa tsakanin ta. Dangane da wannan ka’idar, a cikin canjin dabbobi akwai wani lokaci mai tsawo wadanda halittu basa canji sosai. Amma sai canje-canje na juyin halitta ya faru da sauri, sannan kuma aka samar da sabon nau'in halitta, in ji ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken, William Stanley
A halin yanzu, har yanzu babu wanda zai iya faɗi da tabbataccen tabbacin lokacin da ƙararrakin suka sami kashinta mai ƙarfi. Amma me yasa suka buƙace shi, masana ilimin halitta sun riga sun ba da shawara.
Kwakwalwar daskararren mai ɗaukar nauyi shine 4% na nauyin jikin mutum, kuma ba 0.5-1.6% ba, kamar yadda yake a cikin wasu ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Bugu da kari, dukkanin jijiyar jikinta ya hada ne ba kawai daga hanyoyin na baya ba, harda na baya (ventral) da na sama (na baya). Hakanan, kashin baya na lumbar yana da vertebrae 11, kuma ba 5 ba, kamar sauran vertebrates. Duk wannan yana ƙarfafa ƙarfafa kashin baya kuma yana ba shi mafi girma motsi.
Af, godiya ga nau'ikan kwarangwal din, mashin da ke kiwo zai iya ciyar da dogayen inuwa, ya kai santimita biyar a tsayi. Abincinsa yawanci yana tattare da tsutsotsi marasa ƙarfi, gwoza, tururuwa, kuliyoyi, da sauran hanyoyin motsa jiki. Kuna iya saduwa da dabba na musamman a cikin gandun daji na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Uganda da Rwanda.
Razini storks (lat. Anastomus) asalin halittar tsuntsaye ne daga dangin Ciconiidae (Ciconiidae), gami da nau'ikan biyu: Jirgin Afirka (Anastomus lamelligerus) da indian stork (Anastomus oscitans).
Na farkon su suna zaune ne a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu da Madagascar, na biyu ana samun su a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Razini storks ana kamanta su da zaran zinare, hada abubuwa tare da baƙi baƙi, fararen mutane ana samun su sau da yawa. Gashinsu mai kyau ne da an daidaita da shi don sarrafa cuspel na mussel da wasu mollusks waɗanda suke ciyar da su. Baya ga mollusks, ƙananan crayfish suna cikin abincin su. A wannan shekarar, ana iya haifuwar 'ya' yantu uku a cikin ciyawar Razini. Wadannan dabbobin sune tsuntsaye masu ƙaura waɗanda ke guje wa fari fari halayyar lattropical latitude.
Cree mai launin shuɗi (lat. Bugeranus carunculatus) babban tsuntsu ne na dangin cranes na gaskiya, shine kawai wakilin monotypic halittar Bugeranus.
Tana zaune a Yammaci da Afirka ta Kudu. Sunan ya samu godiya ne ta musamman ga 'yan kunne a cikin kayan kwalliya, tsari biyu na fata mai laushi karkashin gindi, an rufe shi da kananan gashinsa. Yawan jama'a yakai kusan tsuntsaye dubu 8.
Zumun baya da fuka-fuki shine toka mai toka. Gashin fuka-fukan a kan kambi mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi, a ragowar kan, a kan catkins, wuyan da gaban jiki fari ne. A kusa da baki ga idanu ne bayyane wurare na danda ja, mai kauri fata.
Akwai manyan mutane guda uku na waɗannan tsuntsayen. Mafi yawan mutane suna zaune ne a cikin kasashen Kudancin da Tsakiyar Afirka, Angola, Botswana, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia da Tanzania.
A kananan yawan ware daga sauran tsuntsaye na zaune a tsaunukan Habasha. Yawancin tsuntsaye ɗari suna zaune a cikin keɓance a Afirka ta Kudu. Mafi girman maida hankali (fiye da rabin dukkanin murkushe) an rubuta shi a cikin Zambiya a cikin filin shakatawa na Kafue, kuma mafi girman yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen an lura da shi a cikin Okavango Delta a Botswana.
Daga cikin nau'ikan cranes shida da ke rayuwa a Afirka, kifin kifi shine mafi dogaro ga kasancewar tsibiran da ke ci da ciyayi. Yankunan bakin ruwa na manyan koguna na Amurka, kamar su Zamzizi da Okavango, sun kasance wuraren da suka fi so ga waɗannan tsuntsayen, amma ana samun su a tsaunukan dake tsakanin yankin.
Belladonna na Afirka, ko ckin aljanna (mai fikafiki huɗu), ko cran ɗin Stanley (lat. Anthropoides paradiseus) wani nau'in tsuntsu ne na kyan itacen, wanda ke zaune a Afirka ta Kudu da Namibia.
Yana da mafi ƙarancin kewayon tsakanin duka iyali, kodayake shi tartsatsi isa kuma a cikin kewayon adadin sa ana kiyasta mutane dubu 20,000,000,000.
Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, waɗannan tsuntsayen a yankuna da yawa sun lalace gaba ɗaya ko yawan jama'arsu ya ragu sosai. Musamman, ana ganin cikakkiyar halayen jinsunan a yankin Transkei a gabashin Afirka ta Kudu, a cikin Lesotho da Swaziland. A wasu yankuna, kamar lardunan gabashin Cape, Natal da Transvaal, yawan jama'a ya ragu da sama da kashi 90%. An dauki belladonna na Afirka a matsayin tsuntsu na ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu.
Ofaya daga cikin ƙaramin katako, ko da yake ya ɗan fi girma kusa da belladonna, tsayinsa ya kai kusan 117 cm, fikafikan nisansa ya kai 182 cm, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 5.1. Umwaya yana da launin toka-toka, a cikin babba na wuya kuma ƙananan rabin kai yana da duhu sosai. Gashin fuka-fukin gashin fari sune baƙi ko launin toka. Fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsu a cikin tsari na biyu duhu ne, mai elongated kuma yana rataye da baya kusan ƙasa kamar jirgin ƙasa, yana rufe wutsiya.
Tsawonsu ya kai 1 m. Kamar Demoiselle Crane, Demoiselle na Afirka, sabanin sauran nau'in crane, ba shi da wuraren fatar launin fata a kansa. Fuka-fukan a kan kai da goshi masu launin toka ne ko fari, fuka-fukan da ke rufe ramin kunnuwa a kan cheeks da nape na kai sune launin toka.
Gefen yana da ɗan gajeru na cranes, wanda ke nuna yanayin rayuwarta ta yau da kullun, sabanin sauran nau'in cikin ruwa.. Kafafu suna baki. Nuna yawan jima'i (bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin mace da namiji) ba a bayyana su. Ba ya samar da tallafi. An bambanta kananan tsuntsaye ta hanyar amfani da wuta mai nauyin wuta da kuma rashin tarin fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsaye.
Yankunan belladonna na Afirka sun iyakance ga yankuna na kudanci na Afirka kudu da Kogin Zambezi. Fiye da kashi 99% na yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen suna cikin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu, inda ake ɗaukar tsuntsayen ƙasa. Hakanan, karamin yawan wadannan tsuntsayen, wadanda ba su wuce mutane 60 ba, a cikin mazauna a arewacin Namibia, a yankin da ke fama da matsalar gishirin da Etosha Pan National Park. Ana samun nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan cranes a cikin ƙarin jihohi biyar.
Ciyar da Gongal stork ciyar
Abubuwan furannin Asiya suna buɗe tsuntsayen dabbobi. Abincin ya ƙunshi katantanwa da ƙananan rafukan ruwa, kamar mollus, katako da tsutsotsi. Wani muhimmin sashi na abincin ya ƙunshi frogs, lizards, macizai, kifi da kwari. Gongals suna barin yankunansu kuma suna da manyan garken dabbobi a wuraren cike da abinci. Wasu lokuta razini storks suna kama kayansu, suna ƙoƙarin su kama shi da dogon beak.A mafi yawancin halayen, suna haɗiye ganima, duk da haka, suna iya murkushe ƙaƙƙarfan kwandon shara tare da cire naman mai taushi.
Matsayin rawar gongal storks a cikin tsaran yanayi
Kasancewar kasashen Asiya suna budewa cikin mazaunai suna matsayin tasiri mai nuna yanayin yanayin yanayin tsirrai.
Razini storks suma sunada mahimmancin tsarin tsirrai masu lalacewa saboda tsuntsaye sune ɓangare na sarkar abinci.
Abubuwan furannin Asiya suna samar da feces waɗanda ke da wadatar nitrogen da phosphorus, kuma muhimmin taki ne ga tsirrai. Wannan bi da bi yana haifar da ƙaruwa mai ɗumbin yawa a yawan kifayen da kifayen da ke ciyar da tsuntsayen tsuntsayen. Bugu da kari, buhunan Asiya suna cin abinci a kan katantanwa wadanda ke cutar da shinkafar.
Razini storks yawon ruwa mara zurfi kuma nemi ɓoye ko bincike tare da baki na ƙura.
Mahimmancin gong storks
Ana ɗaukar nama da ƙwai na buɗewar Asiya a matsayin abinci mai ɗanɗano kuma ana sayar da shi a kan farashi mai girma a kasuwa, yana bawa masu fida damar samun manyan riba. Asalin razini na Asiya yan dako ne da kuma dillalan mura na tsuntsaye H5N1. Babu shakka cewa tsuntsaye kai tsaye suna watsa H5N1 ga mutane.
Masu binciken sun yi iƙirarin cewa wannan ba zai yiwu ba, saboda buɗe furannin Asiya suna nesa da nesa da yawan humanan Adam kuma da alama ba za su kasance asalin tushen kamuwa da cuta ba.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Habitat
Asiya, ko dabbar India, ko gong (Oscitans na bakin ciki) an rarraba shi a Kudancin Asiya daga Indiya zuwa kudanci China da Thailand: Hakanan ana samun shi a Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka da Thailand. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune a cikin yankuna masu dausayi, filayen ambaliyar ruwa inda shinkafa take girma, fadama istigfari mai zurfi da tabkuna tare da ruwa mai ruwa. Duk da gaskiyar cewa gongals ke jagorantar rayuwa mai tsayi, suna iya yin doguwar ƙaura yayin da yanayin canje-canje ga yanayin yanayi da talauci na ginin abinci, galibi yana faruwa ne sakamakon fari da halayyar yanayin latta. A cikin jirgin, suna amfani da sama kwararar iska mai zafi don adana kuzari.
Bayyanar
Gongal wani yanki ne mai matsakaici Tsawon jikinsa ya kai 80 cm, fuka-fuki - 150 cm, nauyinsa ya tashi daga 1.3 zuwa 8.9 kg. Umarfin wannan murɗaɗɗun fitila ne, daga fari zuwa fari, saman beak ɗin baki (rabi bai haɗu tare). Tsuntsayen manya a koyaushe fari farare ne kuma fuka-fukan fuka-fukan baƙaƙen fata ne, ƙafafunsu sunyi ja, kuma baki mai launin toka-launin toka-mai-haske. A cikin kananan tsuntsaye, plumage launin ruwan kasa ne.
Halin zamantakewa
Indian Razini Storks gida a cikin mazauna, shirya ciyayi akan manyan bushes da akan bishiyoyi girma kusa ko cikin ruwa. Rayuwa a mazaunin yana bawa manyan rukunin 'storks' damar kiyaye masarauta ta hanyar magabatansu, wanda ke kara haɓakar zuriyarsu. Mai mulkin mallaka na iya samun nra 5 zuwa 150, kowannensu ya kai nisan mitoci. Storks koyaushe yana kasancewa a cikin kewayen yankin da suke zaune, suna yin nisan mil 1-1.5 kawai don neman abinci.
Rayuwa
Waɗannan tsuntsayen zamantakewa ne, waɗanda suka saba da zama a cikin yankuna ba wai kawai tare da wasu baƙaƙe ba, har ma tare da mabudan ruwa daban, alal misali, herons. Manyan al'ummomin tsuntsaye sun fi tasiri wajen kare kai daga abokan gaba, wadanda kajin suke bukata musamman. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, storks suna gina gida akan bishiyoyi a cikin gandun daji, amma ba da nisa daga bakin tekun.
Thean mulkin turɓaɗɗan turɓaɓɓu ya ƙare har zuwa kusan nisan mil 150 wanda aka gina akan manyan matakan rukunin gidaje, don tsuntsayen sada zumunta zasu iya zauna a ƙasa. Kyakkyawan alaƙar maƙwabta ana samun sauƙin sauƙaƙe ta hanyar rashin rikici: ɓoyayye ba sa shiga cikin yaƙin dangi kuma kada ku yi jayayya da sauran tsuntsayen. Storks suna kusa da yankin, suna gudu daga shi don kilomita 1-1.5 kawai don neman abinci. Sukan tashi da sauri, cikin karfin gwiwa suna kwance fuka-fukan su kuma suna ci gaba da shirin idan zaman ya kasance cikin jinkiri.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Storks ba sa son sarari inda akwai igiyoyin iska mai ƙarfi - saboda wannan ba za a same su suna tafe a kan teku ba.
Hanyar sadarwa don storks na waje shine keɓaɓɓun danna alamar baki. Kajin kawunansu ne kawai ke amfani da muryar: suna bayyana rashin gamsuwarsu, suna da zafin rai ko nuna kai, kamar kuliyoyi.
Tsawon rayuwa
An yi imani da cewa rayuwar stork an ƙaddara shi da nau'ikansa da yanayin rayuwarsa.. Yanayin gabaɗaya baya canzawa - a cikin tsuntsaye masu ɗaukar hoto suna rayuwa sau biyu fiye da yanayin yanayi. Idan a cikin al'adunsu na al'ada razini storks da wuya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 18-20, to, a cikin zoos matsakaicin iyaka shine shekaru 40-45.
Habitat, mazauni
Dukkan nau'ikan kututtukan buɗe ido suna ɓoye a inda akwai ruwa. Yankunan Indiya sun hada da wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Asiya da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, gami da kasashe kamar:
- Indiya da Nepal
- Thailand,
- Bangladesh
- Pakistan,
- Sri Lanka,
- Kambodiya da Myanmar,
- Laos da Vietnam.
Gongal yana zaɓar ƙasa mai ban ruwa, gami da filayen ambaliya (inda ake noman shinkafa), marshes mai zurfi da tabkuna mai zurfi tare da kauri mai zurfin of 10 cm 10. Irin waɗannan wuraren ban ruwa yawanci suna a ƙarshen 0.4-1. 1 km sama da matakin teku.
Mahimmanci! An buɗe reshen Afirka a kashi biyu, kowane ɗayan nasa yana da nasa fannoni.
Anastomus lamelligerus lamelligerus ya zauna akan yankin Afirka - kudu da hamad sahara da arewacin Kudancin Tropic. Wani ingantaccen tallafin mai farin jini (Anastomus lamelligerus madagaskarensis) yana gida a yammacin Madagascar. Abun furannin Afirka ya buɗe ya fi son yankuna na wurare masu zafi tare da kasancewar rafuffuka, koguna da tabkuna, maɓuɓɓugan ambaliyar ruwa da rukunin savannahs. Itaciya kamar ciyawar ciyawa inda ciyawar ciyawa ke tsiro, amma ba sa son a yi amfani da ciyayi da ciyayi. Hakanan, dukkanin jinsunan Anastomus suna ƙoƙari suyi nesa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Abinci Stork
A cikin neman abinci, tsuntsayen suna yawo a gefen ruwa ko kuma a cikin ruwa mai ƙazanta, suna guje wa ruwa mai zurfi, tunda ba sa iya iyo. Ya bambanta da heron, wanda ke bin tarnaki a cikin wani wuri ba zai yuwu ba, an tilasta mai buɗe tayin yawo tare da yankin ƙasa. Bayan ya lura da abu wanda ya dace, sai yawu yayi sauri ya tura wuyansa, ya buga shi da baki, nan da nan ya hadiye shi. Idan ganima ta nemi ya ɓoye, ciyawar tana bin ta, yana kama da beak.
Abincin gongal ya hada da dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabba masu yawa:
- katantanwa da katako,
- mollus
- tsutsotsin ruwa
- kwaɗi
- macizai da mayuka
- kamun kifi,
- kwari.
Gonglion ya haɗiye ganima gabaɗaya, ya keɓance banbanci: tsuntsu ya fantsama ƙirar sa da jijiyoyi masu ƙarfi don su sami naman mai daɗi daga can. Kusan nau'ikan matsakaitan matsakaitan (ruwa mai ruwa da ƙasa) sun faɗi akan tebur na ɗan itacen-sawara na Afirka:
- amurka
- gastropods
- bivalve
- kifi da kifi
- kwaɗi
- tsutsotsin ruwa
- kwari.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Abun buɗe ƙasa na Afirka shine mafi yawan abokai tare da hips, wanda ke sauƙaƙa masa sauƙi don samun abinci, yana kwance ƙasan tekun tare da manyan dabbobinsa.
Abokan halitta
Maƙƙarfan tsofaffin dabbobi kusan ba su da abokan gaba na halitta, wanda tsuntsayen yakamata su gode wa gemunsa mai ƙarfi da ginin da suke da shi. Tsuntsayen da ke cin abincin dabbobi ba sa haɗarin kai hari manya da manyan tarko.
Daga maɓarnukan ƙasa na buɗe tutocin sararin samaniya suna buɗe filayen ceto na sama akan bishiyun bishiyoyi, inda manyan kuliyoyi kawai za su iya samu. Wadanda basu da kariya a gabansu ba cfashuwa bane kamar manyan kajinsu, wadanda ake farauta da wasu nau'in Marten.
Kiwo da zuriya
Lokacin damuna na watannin Yuni zuwa Disamba, ya kai kololuwa a lokacin damuna, wanda yawan ruwan sama ya kebanta da shi. Storks suna iya kusan yin auren mace ɗaya kuma suna da ƙima su haifar da iyalai fiye da ɗaya. Maza yayin yin farauta suna neman tashin hankali baƙon abu a gare su, zaɓi wani yanki, tsare mazaunin su da kuma gwanaye na lokaci-lokaci. Wata dabara daban ta shafi mace.
Siyar da amarya, ango yana aiki a matsayin mai siye da siyarwa - yana nuna mata ginannun gidaje da wayo kayan gwangwani. Wanda ya yi nasara shi ne ɗan toya, wanda ya nuna mafi kyawun gidaje da ƙwarewar gini. A wani rukunin yanar gizo, yawanci akwai wasu storks da suke daidai a cikin gina nests, da kariya daga clutches da kuma kula da broods.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Polygyny da aka lura dashi a cikin storks shine manufar rayuwa ta halittar gabaɗaya kuma ya tabbatar da ingancin sa cikin shayarwa, ciyarwa da kare kajin. Gongals kuma suna da polyandry, lokacin da namiji ya zama memba na uku na ma'aurata na aure ko kuma ya koma matsayin tsohon mata.
A cikin ɓacin rai na ƙauna, storks suna tashi biyu-biyu (yawanci ɗayan tsuntsaye yakan tashi sama), sannan tare suka zauna akan reshe don hutawa. A cikin matsananciyar sha'awar, za su iya yin fushi kwatsam kuma ɗaukar abokin tarayya tare da gemu. Gongals sau da yawa suna fara gina gida (daga ciyawa, mai tushe, ganye da rassa) bayan kyakkyawar ma'amala, tarin tarin kayan gini ya faɗi akan kafaɗun uba na gaba.
Tare da wannan rarraba aikin, mata suna adana ƙarfin su kuma suna ƙima yawan kuzarin da za su buƙaci lokacin ƙyamar zuriya. A cikin kamawa, a matsayin mai mulkin, daga 2 zuwa 6 qwai ne mahaifan biyu suka ƙyamar: macen - da dare, da namiji - da rana. An haife kajin ne da makafi, amma sun fara ganin 'yan awanni kaɗan daga baya. Jariri yana rufe daffaka, wanda aka maye gurbinsu da fluff sakandare bayan sati daya.
Storks suna ƙoƙarin yin ƙafafunsu a cikin makonni biyu: sun kware wannan ƙwarewar har tsawon kwanaki goma, bayan haka sun dogara kan dogayen kafafunsu. Shekaru na gaba ya bar Jagora a kan kafa ɗaya. Iyayen biyu suna ciyar da ɗan iska mai ƙoshin abinci, suna tashi don abinci. Bugu da kari, nauyin mahaifin ya hada da sake fasalin gidan da ya lalata ta hanyar girma da yara. Kwana 70 suka wuce kuma yaran sun bar garinsu na asali. Staƙaƙƙarfan samari za su fara ƙirƙirar nau'ikan nasu ba tare da jimawa ba idan sun juya shekaru 2, amma mafi yawan lokuta a cikin shekaru 3-4.
Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu
Cutar wahala, ta kasance ɗayan haɗiyoyi a cikin halayyar sarkar abinci na wuraren dausayi, an sanya shi ga mahimman abubuwan wannan tsabtace muhalli. Don haka, Asirin razini na Asiya ya samar da abincin da ke da wadataccen abinci a cikin phosphorus da nitrogen, wanda ya zama kyakkyawan shuka ga dukkan ciyayi. Kari akan wannan, wannan nau'in kayan maye yana adana amfanin gonar shinkafa ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin katakon ruwa na noman shinkafa. Mazajen da ke haifar da ƙwai / nama kuma suna sayar da waɗannan abincin mai ƙoshin abinci a farashin mai ban mamaki a cikin kasuwannin gida.
Mahimmanci! A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami raguwar yawan mutanen garin razini stork da ke zaune a Madagascar (tallafin A.l. madagascariensis). Mutanen ƙauyen da ke lalatar da wuraren mallakar tsuntsaye an yarda da su a matsayin waɗanda suka aikata wannan.
An san ɗan buɗe furen buɗe ido a Afirka (kamar yadda estimatedungiyar Internationalungiyoyin estimatedasa ta Duniya ta kiyasta) mafi ƙarancin damuwa. Yawancin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna mutuwa ne saboda magungunan kashe kwari waɗanda ke gurɓata rukunin gidajen gargajiya.. Matakan kariya ga wuraren bude ido suna da sauki - kuna buqatar samar da tsuntsayen wuraren da suka dace game da wuraren kiwon dabbobi (makiyaya / tafkunan).
Bayanin
Stan itacen oak na Indiya, ta matsayin ƙa'idodin dangin ciconia, tsuntsu ne mai matsakaici. Girma na Gongal, a matsakaita, kusan cm 81, kuma fikafikann ya tashi daga 147-149 cm.Haka ba a san madaidaicin nauyin jikin mutum ba, duk da haka, a matsayin mai mulkin, ƙwayar tsohuwar Indiya ta yi daidai da kilogram 1.3 zuwa 8.9. Launin launin shuɗi ya bambanta daga launin fari zuwa launin toka mai launin shuɗi tare da gashin fuka-fuki da jela. Kafafu suna ja da baki mai launin toka-toka.
Wani sananne ne na sananniyar ciyawar Indiya ita ce bude baki koyaushe saboda yatsar mandible, wanda kawai yake tafe baki ga bakin kwali. Asasi na Asiya, kamar sauran nau'ikan storks, sukanyi kuskure akan heron. Abun nuna bambancin Jima'i yana da rauni, kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, maza da mata sun bambanta kawai a cikin matsayi yayin haɗuwa, kuma ba cikin bayyanar ba. Matasa na zamani suna da shuɗe mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda ke sauƙaƙa rarrabe su da manya.
Habitat
Itaciyar daji ta Indiya ta zauna a kan ciyayi, filayen ambaliyar ruwa, wurare masu zurfin gaske da kuma ruwan tafkin. Ana amfani da filayen ambaliyar don dalilan noma don shuka shinkafa. Yawancin lokaci, suna kasancewa a wuri mai girman 380-1000 m sama da matakin teku kuma suna da zurfin 0.1-0.5 m. Don nests, suna zaɓar rassan itace a tsayin 5-20 m sama da ƙasa.
Halayyar
Abin budewa na Asiya shine mai bude rana. Da safe sukan tashi da ƙungiyoyi zuwa wuraren ciyarwa, kuma da maraice sukan koma zuwa hurumin. Gongals suna da zamantakewa kuma suna da manyan yankuna mazauna a bishiyoyi tare da wasu ɓoyayyun da ruwa mai ruwa, kamar herons. An rarraba firan tsuntsaye daban-daban a cikin rassan bishiyar don ba da damar rarraba albarkatu tsakanin jinsunan masu rayuwa. Isasshen ƙasashe na Indiya suna da babban mazaunin su, kuma a sakamakon haka, suna mamaye saman bishiyar. Rarraba mulkin mallaka yana da mahimmanci mahimmanci, saboda manyan rukuni na storks suna kiyaye ikon mallaka daga masu kare. Ana kuma lura da irin wannan yanayin a tsakanin ma'aurata da ke tsakanin jinsi ɗaya. Ma'aurata galibi suna kare mazaunin su daga harin intraspecific.
A cikin binciken daya, an gano cewa matsakaicin mulkin mallaka na gongals ya ƙunshi nunin 150, kowannensu yana da kusan cm 100 a tsayinsa kuma cm 30 a radius Kowane ɗan asirin na tonon silsila, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya kasance a cikin kusancin daular su, yana ƙaruwa kawai 1 -1.5 km daga gare su don samun abinci ko kayan don gidan.
Sadarwa da tsinkaye
Gongal, fahimtar yanayin ya dogara da hangen nesa da taɓawa, amma binciken da ya shafi nau'ikan halittu irin su tsuntsayen Amurka sun nuna cewa za su iya amfani da siginar ƙirar. Girman kwararan fitila, ba da hujja don yin jayayya don kyakkyawan ma'anar ƙamshin turakun Indiya. Kamar sauran storks, gonglings saboda rashin sirinji (sassan jikin tsuntsaye) suna da ƙarancin murya. Za a iya bayyana sautirin da suke yi a matsayin mai baƙin ciki "kunne-kunne". Asiya mai buɗewa ta Asiya, wacce itace babbar hanyar amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa, don samun ci gaba. Rashin fasa kwayar beak shima muhimmiyar hanyar sadarwa ce a lokacin kiwo.
Muhimmancin tattalin arziƙi ga mutum: tabbatacce
Gongal yana samar da abinci mai ɗorewa, wanda ke zama wadataccen ciyayi ga tsirrai, wanda ke haifar da karuwa a cikin ciyayi da yawan nau'in kifayen masana'antu, gwanaye da ke ciyar da su. Ana ɗaukar nama da ƙwai na furannin Asiya a matsayin kyawawa kuma ana siyar da su a manyan farashi a kasuwa, wanda ke ba da damar powers su sami babbar riba. Hakanan suna ciyar da abinci akan maganin zinullaria, manyan kwari a cikin filayen shinkafa na Asiya.
Matsayin tsaro
A takaice, yawan gongal yana cikin rukuni na jinsin tare da mafi ƙarancin haɗari, duk da haka, wasu barazanar waɗanda zasu iya haifar da raguwar lambobin su. Manyan dabbobi kamar su daskarewa suna iya lalata wuraren bushewa kuma suna cin albarkatu masu yawa. Kifi ya kara rage hanyoyin samun abincin isasshen hanyoyin Asiya. Magungunan rigakafin da manoma ke amfani da su a cikin gonakin gona na iya ƙara mace-mace tsakanin tsuntsayen wannan nau'in. Bugu da kari, manoma na amfani da roka, jakunkuna na filastik da sauran na’urorin cutarwa don tsoratar da iskar. Gongals yawanci wadanda ke fama da masu farauta, wanda zai iya yin illa ga girman jama'a. Har ila yau ambaliyar ruwa ta kasance babbar barazana.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an dauki wasu matakan don kiyaye karɓar ɓarkewar Indiya.An aiwatar da tsauraran dokoki wadanda suka haramta farauta da kamun kifi a cikin ciyawar. Har ila yau, gwamnatin tana} o} ari don inganta wayar da kan jama'a ta hanyar ba da shawarar sauya wuraren shakatawa zuwa wuraren yawon shakatawa. Tsoffin masu ba da shawara sun kirkiro da kwamitoci daban daban don kiyaye dabbobin daji, waɗanda suka yi nasara wajen jawo hankalin sauran masu ba da malamai, tare da yi masu alƙawarin samun hanyar samun kuɗin shiga.