Squids su ne mafi girma kuma mafi yawan wayoyin salula na wayar hannu a cikin zurfin teku.

A cikin yanayi, akwai nau'ikan 210 na waɗannan mollusks, girman su ya bambanta daga 0.25 zuwa mita 16.5. Wadansu daga cikinsu ana ɗaukar abincin su ne: squid (loligo) na Argentinean, Pacific, kwamandan ko Peruvian.

Wakilin cufus-goma masu dauke da makamai ana samunsu ne a cikin tekuna kuma ba a samunsu cikin ruwan gishiri.

An yi la'akari da abincin squid a matsayin mai cin abinci da abinci mai gina jiki a tsakanin abincin abincin teku. Babban abun ciki na furotin mai narkewa mai narkewa, bitamin (C, PP, B6, E) da ma'adanai (aidin, potassium, selenium, jan ƙarfe, baƙin ƙarfe, phosphorus) yana ƙaddara ƙirƙirar garkuwar jiki na halitta, yana ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi. Kari akan haka, tare da amfani da mollusk na yau da kullun, karfin jini na mutum ya zama al'ada, "mara kyau" cholesterol, gishiri mai nauyi ana cire shi, mahimmanci yana inganta, kuma yanayin motsin rai yana inganta.

Saboda kyawawan kaddarorinta, ana amfani da gawar squid da tantin don dafa abinci, soya, shan taba, bushewa, dafa abinci, tsarewa. A kan tushen su, an shirya salati, sushi, minced nama, da kuma abincin miya.

Clam din abinci yana dauke da kyau sosai ta jiki, an ba su shawarar rage cin abinci.

Tsarin squid

Mollusk yana da nau'i-nau'i daga kayan tantuna guda biyar, wanda ɗayansu yayi tsawo yayin juyin halitta. Kwayoyin hankali na squid ana wakilta su ta hanyar statocysts, idanu, papillas, numfashi - ta tsefe gills. Ya danganta da nau'in, wurin da kofuna waɗanda suke tsotsa a kan tantuna sun bambanta.

Jikin squid an shimfiɗa shi da wuta mai kamanni, saboda wannan tsarin suna haɓaka saurin motsi har kilomita 55 a sa'a “wutsiya” gaba. Yawancin dabbobi suna da zuciya uku a haɗe zuwa ɗayan ukun manyan biranen. Wannan tsari na squid ya kayyade iyawarsa don sake tsarawa. Tare da jikin mollusk akwai “kibiya” na gladius, wanda ke rike jikin daidaituwa kuma yayi aiki a matsayin karen kwandon ciki.

Launin squid ya canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar fitowar lantarki.

Abin sha'awa, a cikin saurin sa, katako goma masu dauke da makamai ba kawai a bayan dabbobin ruwa da tuna ba. Manyan wasan ninkaya ne. Guji daga bin, squids iya tashi dubun mita sama da saman ruwa, kamar kifi tashi.

Abun hadewar kemikal

Squids basu da dandano kifayen da aka ambata, suna matukar tunawa da abincin lobster. Mollusk da aka dafa yadda ya kamata yana da taushi da taushi, ya ƙunshi furotin mai sauƙi mai narkewa, yana kiyaye ƙoshin polyunsaturated, abubuwan gina jiki masu gina jiki. Sabili da haka, a wata hanya ana kiranta "teku ginseng."

An ninka 2 - 5 sau mollusks suna da warin tsohuwar kifaye da dandano mai ɗaci. Don guje wa guba da jiki, haramun ne a ci irin wannan samfurin.

Kalori abun cikin mollusk, a kowace gram 100, shine:

• soyayyen - kilogiram 175,
• Boiled - adadin kuzari 98.26,
• bushe - kilogram 245,06,
• kyafaffen - adadin kuzari 286.

Mafi daidaituwa hade da squid tare da samfuran masu zuwa:

• nunannun 'ya'yan itace (apples,' ya'yan itatuwa citrus, rumman),
• sabo kayan lambu salatin (barkono kararrawa, kabeji, ganye, tumatir).

Abubuwan da ke cikin abinci mai gina jiki daga cikin mollusk za a kiyaye su sosai idan an saka shi cikin ruwan zãfi a ruwan zãfi kuma a dafa shi har zuwa minti 5

Tasiri a jiki

Abin da squids suke da amfani ga:

1. Rage kumburi. Babban abun ciki na selenium (kashi 63% na maganin yau da kullun) a cikin abincin squid ya ƙayyade ikon maganin maganin antioxidant kuma yana rage alamun bayyanar cututtukan arthritis da ciwo.
2. Suna taimakawa wajen ɗaukar baƙin ƙarfe. A cikin gram 85 na mollusk sunka kashi 90% na yawan farin ƙarfe na yau da kullun.Wannan ma'adinin yana da alaƙa da haɓaka ƙwayoyin sel ja, sha da ƙwayar ƙarfe, kuma yana hana haɓakar ƙwayar cuta.
3. Kula da lafiyar gashi, faranti ƙusa, fata, tsokoki. Bugu da ƙari, squid - mafi kyawun tushen furotin na dabba, wanda aka narke a hankali a cikin jikin mutum, yana hana tarin ƙarin fam.
4. Tsage glucose na jini.
5. Rage haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya (bugun jini, bugun zuciya) ta rage matakin haɗarin ƙwayar cuta a cikin jiki.
6. Yaye ciwon kai, migraines saboda yawan abun ciki na thiamine da riboflavin.
7. Suna ba da kashin kasusuwa da hakora tare da “kayan gini” - phosphorus, alli
8. Immarfafa rigakafi saboda kasancewar zinc a cikin abun da ke ciki. An tabbatar da shi a kimiyance cewa rashin wannan abun yana sanya jiki yin saurin kamuwa da cututtuka.
9. Rage hawan jini, hana haɓakar hauhawar jini.
10. Sake shakatawa jijiyoyi, sauƙaƙa jijiyar wuya.
11. Cire mai gishiri mai nauyi.
12. Tsarin endocrine da thyroid suna kiyaye lafiya.

Ba kamar shanu da naman kaji, squids ba su da cholesterol, sabili da haka, mutanen da ke da cututtukan zuciya, an yarda da jijiyoyin jini a cikin abincin.

Wasu kyawawan kaddarorin na mollusk:

• normalizes da yanayin hanji,
• tsokani da saki da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki,
• da kyau tunawa
• Ba ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi da nauyi a ciki.

Squids suna da aikin diuretic, haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwa, haɓaka ayyukan tunani, da haɓaka ginin tsoka mai sauri. Sabili da haka, su ne "ingantaccen" kayan abinci na 'yan wasa da masu motsa jiki.

Contraindications

Squids suna da ƙarfi allergen. Amfanin da cutarwa na mollusk ya dogara da mazaunin marine. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, abubuwan da ke cikin gidan abinci a jikin ruwa suna girma cikin sauri, kuma abincin teku, sha da tara duk gurɓar masana'antu. A sakamakon haka, an rage ƙimar abincinsu. Irin waɗannan samfuran suna haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam.

Contraindications wa yin amfani da squid:

1. Kowane rashin haƙuri a kan samfurin.
2. Cutar Jiki
3. Ciwon ciki.
4. Tsawan jini cholesterol. 100 grams na squid nama ya ƙunshi milligram 260 na mahaɗan cutarwa (87%).

Ba'a ba da shawarar yin amfani da kyafaffen ko busassun clam sama da gram 150 a lokaci guda ba, tunda suna riƙe da ruwa a cikin jiki, tsokanar da salts, bayar da kaya mai ƙarfi akan narkewar narkewar abinci, da kuma sanya yanayin fatar. Boiled squid bashi da wadatar wadannan gazawar, abun da ya sa BJU shine kayan abinci.

Abincin squid

Rashin adadin kuzari na naman mollusk yana ba da damar yin amfani da samfurin a cikin abincin abinci mai gina jiki. Dabarar rasa nauyi akan squid ya zama tsayayyen abinci. Babban fa'idar abincin shine amfanin samfur, wanda dangane da abubuwan gina jiki basa ƙarancin kayayyakin nama. Bugu da kari, wannan tsarin abinci mai gina jiki yana yin karancin aidin a jiki, yana inganta sinadarin thyroid, yana rage cholesterol, yana kuma cire gishiri mai nauyi. Rashin dacewar abincin shine monotony. Saboda gaskiyar cewa squid nama bai ƙunshi kitse ba, kayan yana cikin sauƙin tunawa ba tare da ɗaukar ƙwayar narkewar abinci ba.

Tsawon lokacin da dabarun squid ke sati 1. Rage nauyi na wannan lokacin shine kilo 4. Don haɓaka sakamako, motsa jiki na kwanaki 7 (yi iska, tafiya, gudu, iyo).

Abincin abinci na squid na yau da kullun:

karin kumallo - zobba na Boiled squid (ba'a ɗauka ba) - 100 grams, ruwan 'ya'yan itace wanda aka matse daga orange ko apple - 200 milliliters, salatin kayan lambu na raw - 100 grams,

abincin rana - naman da aka dafa squid (sirloin) - guda 2, pear - 2 guda.

abincin dare - 100 grams na feta cuku, koren shayi - 250 milliliters, salatin kwai fata, squid squid, ɗanɗano tare da 10% kirim mai tsami - 100 grams.

Duk tsawon lokacin asarar nauyi, shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace ruwan' ya'yan itace, har yanzu ruwa (1.5 a kowace rana), koren shayi. Yayin cin abinci, an hana shi cin kayan ƙanshi, gishiri, mayonnaise, kayan yaji, ƙoshin abinci da soyayyen abinci.Don kayan abinci iri-iri, maye gurbin salatin squid tare da miyar abincin teku.

Kammalawa

Squid - “ginseng sea” ga jikin mutum, wanda ke tallafawa tsarin endocrine, yana karfafa tsoka, jijiyoyin jini, cire gubobi da inganta narkewar abinci.

Abunda yakamata (B: W: Y = 18: 2.2: 2) da ƙarancin kalori na samfurin (kilogiram 110 a kowace gram 100) yasa a sami damar amfani da mollusk yayin asarar nauyi.

M kaddarorin squid sun dogara da inganci. Lokacin zabar gawa, lura da cewa dole ne su zama daskararre, ba m, sauƙi rabu da juna. Fim ɗin da ya rufe jikin mollusk na iya samun launin toka-ruwan hoda ko shuɗi mai haske. Launinta ya dogara da mazauni da shekarun mazaunan ruwa. Abincin squid a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin ya kamata ya zama fari. Idan ɗayan sharuɗɗan basu dace da gaskiya ba, wannan yana nuna cin zarafin yanayin ajiya samfurin. Lokacin dafa abinci, irin wannan squid zai bazu, zai zama mai daci da tauri.

Kada ku sayi gawawakin da ba a taɓa ba, tunda cikin ɓatattun ƙwayoyin jikin ƙwayar mollusk, ƙayyade ingancinsa akwai matsala.

Squid Suna cephalopods, waɗanda suke da kafafu 10. Suna cin lokaci mai yawa riga. Vedaunar squid a Rome da Girka. A yau, akwai kusan nau'ikan squid 200, amma ana amfani da squid talakawa don abinci, tsawonsa ya bambanta daga 20 zuwa 50 cm, kuma nauyin kusan 300 g. Wannan mollusk ya ƙunshi kan kai, alfarwansu da akwati (duba hoto).

A kan shelves zaka iya samun daskararren daskararre, bushe da gwangwani squids.

Yadda zaka zabi kuma adanawa?

Don amfana daga amfani da squid da tasa da aka shirya daga wannan mollusk ya fito daɗin gaske, lokacin zabar, kuna buƙatar bin wasu nasihu:

1. Ana bada shawara don siyan squid mai sanyi. Idan ka ga gawa an riga an narkar da su, to, a sani: lokacin dafa abinci za su zama ɗan daskarewa da mai ɗaci, wanda ke nufin an lalata abincin. Yi la'akari da cewa a kan daidai squid bai kamata ya wuce 8% na yawan kankararsa ba.
2. Ya kamata a rabu da gawawwakin a cikin biredi cikin sauki - wannan alama ce cewa ba a sake daskarar da su ba. Yawanci, mollusks suna shiga cikin shagunan a cikin kwalaye, a ciki akwai 3 briquettes. A cikin kowane ɗayan, kimanin kilogiram 11 na squid. Don tabbatar da ingancin, tambayi mai siyarwa tare da kai don raba gawawwakin daga ƙawancen kuma kar a zaɓi waɗanda suke kan teburi.
3. Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa ingancin mollusk ya dogara da launi na fim, amma wannan ba haka bane. Girman da launi na fim ya dogara da mazauninsu. Babban abu shine naman da ke ƙarƙashinsa fari.
4. Idan kuna ganin squid fillet, to zai fi kyau ba ku saya ba, tunda sun samo shi daga manyan mutane na ƙwallan squid. Abinda shine cewa waɗannan mollusks suna da dandano na musamman, wanda zai buƙaci ƙarin aiki daga gare ku. Kari akan haka, wadannan squids ana daskararru akai-akai, wanda ke lalata dandano da kamanninsu.
5. Haka kuma ba a bada shawarar siyan riga squid ba, tunda an riga an daskarar dasu, kuma, kamar yadda kuka riga kuka fahimta, wannan babban cin zarafi ne.
6. Amma game da squid zobba, wannan, a zahiri, ɓacewar ƙananan squids, waɗanda aka sa yawancin daskarewa.
7. Lokacin zabar, yana da mahimmanci cewa gawawwakin ba su da tsafta, ba tare da tatsuniya ba, babu lalacewa, da dai sauransu.

Za a iya adana gawa mai sanyi a cikin injin daskarewa har tsawon watanni 4. Idan kun yi squids squids, to, ya kamata a saka su a cikin akwati a wuri, wanda, bi da bi, ya kamata a sanya shi cikin firiji. Lokacin ajiya shine kwana 3. Dole ne a saka squid ɗin da aka dafa a cikin akwati tare da murfi mai dacewa da firiji, amma ba fiye da kwana ɗaya ba.

Siffofin mai amfani

Abubuwan da ke da amfani na squid sune kasancewa a ciki na abubuwa daban-daban waɗanda suka zama dole don aiki na yau da kullun. Don haka, naman wannan mollusk ya ƙunshi furotin mai narkewa, mai mahimmanci ga waɗanda ke jagorantar rayuwa mai aiki.

Squid ya ƙunshi babban adadin taurine, wanda ke da ikon rage cholesterol jini da daidaita jinin jini. Godiya ga yin amfani da squid na yau da kullun, zaku iya rage haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.

Akwai bitamin E da selenium a cikin mollusks - abubuwan da ke taimakawa tsaftace jikin gishirin karafa mai nauyi.

Hakanan yana ƙunshe da sinadarin iodine da yawa, wanda ke inganta aiki na glandon thyroid.

Tare da yin amfani da squid na yau da kullun, tsarin narkewa yana inganta. A hade tare da wasu samfuran, yana ƙarfafa samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki.

An inganta shi ta hanyar gwaji cewa mollusks suna aiki kamar wakili na antisclerotic, saboda haka suna haɓaka aikin tunani da ƙwaƙwalwa.

Yin amfani da dafa abinci

Squid shine sanannen kayan abinci a cikin dafa abinci, daga abin da zaku iya yin jita-jita da yawa. Matsakaicin na iya zama na dafuwa : gasa, soya, tafasa, wani irin abincin, ya bushe, hayaki, da sauransu. Su ma gwangwani ne. Ana iya cushe squids tare da samfurori iri-iri, alal misali, hatsi, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu bushe, kayan lambu, namomin kaza, da dai sauransu squids ɗin an kuma ƙara zuwa salads, abun ciye-ciye, na farko da na biyu. Tare tare da sauran abincin abincin teku, ana iya amfani dasu azaman toppings na pizza da sauran abubuwan kiwo.

Yadda za a dafa squid dadi?

Squid wani samfuri ne wanda ke buƙatar aiki na musamman na dafuwa don yin tasa ta ƙarshe daga shi mai daɗi da lafiya. Sabili da haka, muna ba da shawara cewa ku fahimci kanku da asirin da zai ba ku damar shawo kan wasu matsalolin da za su iya tasowa yayin shirye-shiryen waɗannan murfin:

1. Da farko ya kamata ku ɓata gawa. Don yin wannan, sanya su a cikin firiji kuma jira su narke sosai. Zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa, amma ta wannan hanyar yana yiwuwa a kiyaye matsakaicin adadin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin naman mollusks.
2. Mataki mai mahimmanci na gaba shine tsabtace kai a gida. Hakanan zaka iya tsabtace gawa mai daskararru ta hanyar zuba tafasasshen ruwa, wanda zai sa fim ɗin ya juye sannan zaka iya cire shi da sauƙi. Ya kamata a saka daskararren raw squids a cikin ruwan zafi, amma ba a cikin wani ruwa mai zãfi ba, na minti 3. Wannan zai sauƙaƙa cire fata da hannuwanku. Kar a manta don cire faranti wadanda ke cikin gawa.
3. Idan kana son dafa squid, to lallai ruwan yana daɗaɗa shi gaba kuma ƙara kayan yaji a ciki. Ya kamata a saukar da gawawwakin cikin ruwa mai tafasasshen, to dole ne a rufe kwanon rufi tare da murfi kuma kashe wuta. Bayan minti 10, squid zai kasance a shirye.
4. Idan kana son stew squids, dole ne da farko soya albasa, karas da tafarnuwa, kuma mintuna 5 kafin ƙarshen dafa abinci ƙara squid. Dafa abinci ya zama dole tare da murfin rufe.
5. Idan kana son soya squids, to, yi wannan a kan babban zafi na minti 1. Sannan wutar yakamata a kashe ta rufe kwanon da murfi.
6. Kuna iya amfani da kowane zaɓi don marinate squid. Shellfish yakamata a bar shi don ɗauka na tsawon awanni 2.

A cikin yanayin zafi na squid, abu mafi mahimmanci shine aiwatar da shi da sauri, dogon wahayi zuwa zafin jiki mai ƙarfi yana sa naman wannan mollusk ya yi tauri.

Bayanin squid

Squids su ne 'yan' 'decapod cephalopods' . An shirya su a tsohuwar Roma da Girka. D gave a da sun ba mollusk sunan "kifi mai fuka-fuka" saboda yana iyo yadda ya dace da amfani da alfarwar. Tana cikin mafi saurin mazaunan tekuna. Kifin takobi, tuna da dabbobin ruwa kawai suna motsawa da sauri fiye da shi. Lokacin da dabba mafi girma tana bin squid, tana iyo da sauri sosai, wani lokacin kuma tana tsalle daga cikin ruwa, tana harba dubun-mitun mita a cikin iska kuma ta sake komawa cikin teku.

Akwai nau'ikan squid a cikin duniya - kusan 200 . Amma wasu kawai ake ci. A Rasha, alal misali, mafi shahararrun jinsin shine squid na kowa. Tsawonta ya tashi daga 20 zuwa 50 cm, nauyinta kuma 200-300 g. A wasu ƙasashe kuma, ana cin sauran nau'in.A cikin zurfin teku zaku iya haɗuwa da babban squid. Tsawon jikin wannan mollusk na iya zuwa mita 20. Jikin squid ya ƙunshi jiki (ana kuma kiran shi sutura) da tanti. A cikin rigar dukkan gabobin ciki da jakar tawada. A lokacin kare, wani girgije mai tawada ya fito daga wannan jaka, wanda ya mamaye komai a kusa kuma ya rikitar da abokan gaba. A wannan lokacin, squid na iya barin filin daga lafiya.

Squids, wanda galibi ana cin abinci, ana samun su a tekun Asiya, Jafanawa, Sinawa da Vietnamese suna aiki. Hakanan zaka iya haɗuwa dasu a cikin Tekun Okhotsk da tekun Argentina.

Abun squid

A tsari na yau da kullun, squid ɗin yana da ruwa sosai . Tana da kusan kashi 80% na ruwa. Akwai furotin da yawa a cikin abincin squid, kusan 16 g a 100 g na samfur. Amma adadin kuzari yana da ƙima sosai a cikin mai mai da carbohydrates, wanda ya sa ya zama kyakkyawan samfurin abinci.

Nama mai squid yana da kayan abinci mai guba sosai. . Tana da sinadarai masu yawa Vitamin B4 (choline), tana da wadataccen abinci a cikin Vitamin C da B3 (niacin). Hakanan naman squid ya ƙunshi bitamin A, B1, B2, B5, B6, B9, B12 da E.

Daga cikin macronutrients, akwai mai yawa potassium da phosphorus a ciki. Hakanan akwai alli, sodium da magnesium. Yana da wadatar abubuwa masu yawa iri iri. Naman squid ya ƙunshi yawan ƙarfe da zinc, kuma ya ƙunshi baƙin ƙarfe, manganese da selenium.

A lokaci guda, naman squid yana da ƙimar kuzarin ƙasa - kawai 86 kcal a kowace 100 g na samfur.

Yadda ake cin squid

Yawancin lokaci squid an dafa shi duka, yana cire kawai gabobin ciki . Kuma jiki da tantinan kayan abinci ne wanda yake mai daɗi sosai har ma da ɗanɗano. Don dafa squid, dole ne a fara cire fata. Kuma akwai jita-jita masu yawa tare da squid wanda zaku iya rasa ƙidaya. Suna dafa, da soyayyen, da gasa, da kuma stewed, da bushe, da marinated, da gwangwani. Tare da su zaku iya yin salads, zama a matsayin tasa na biyu tare da tasa gefen, kuyi a cikin busasshen tsari don giya har ma da dafa miya. Wadannan mollusks sun shahara musamman a kasashen Gabashin Asiya da Rum. Misali, Helenawa suna matukar son shinkafa da miyar squid. Kuma mazaunan Italiya sun sari shi da barkono ja.

Yawan cin abinci 1. Squid tare da shinkafa a cikin madara

Don stew squid tare da shinkafa, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar 0.5 sabo ko mai sanyi na squid, 1 kofin shinkafa, albasa 2, 1.5 tablespoons na gari, 3 tablespoons na man shanu, 0.5 kopin madara da kayan yaji ku ɗanɗano.

Dole a fara narke squids, a sanya fata a ɗan shafa a ruwa mai gudana. Sannan kuna buƙatar dafa shinkafa. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa bai tafasa ba. Kuma ya fi kyau kada a dafa shi dan kadan saboda shinkafar ta yi kauri. Ana buƙatar yanka naman squid, a gasa shi kaɗan kuma a haɗe shi da shinkafa. Sannan kuna buƙatar soya yankakken albasa a cikin kayan kayan lambu ku juye shi da shinkafa da squid. Milk, man shanu an haɗa da cakuda, gishiri da sauran kayan yaji suna karawa. Duk wannan yana buƙatar saka shi a cikin kwanon rufi, murfi kuma simmer har dafa shi.

Squids suna zaune a kusan dukkanin bangarorin yanayi, ciki har da Arctic, amma galibi ana samunsu cikin tsauraran ruwa mai tsafta. Noma mai narkewa waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin tekuna na arewacin suna da ƙananan girman idan aka kwatanta da dangi na kudanci kuma galibi ba su da launi. Squids suna da nau'i-nau'i guda biyar na tanti. Na huɗu sun yi tsawo a lokacin juyin halitta. Matsatun kofuna waɗanda ke tsotsa a kan tantuna sun bambanta. Kwayoyin na huhu na jiki sune tsefe kwayoyi. Abubuwan mamakin jiyya sune statocysts biyu, idanu da papillas.

Launi ya bambanta, a yawancin nau'ikan launuka suna canzawa ƙarƙashin rinjayar fitarwa na lantarki.

Dukkanin gandun dazurani ne, suna da masu nasara akan shingen don kama ganima da kuma kubuta daga abokan gaba. Yawancin squids suna da zuciya uku, kowannensu yana da alaƙa da ɗayan ukun ukun manyan biranen. Sakamakon wannan, ikon sake haɓaka abubuwa a cikin squid.

Yawancin nau'ikan squid suna cinyewa ne, ana amfani dasu a dafa abinci kuma sun dace da kamun kifi. Gawar 'squid ce' da kuma tanti. An tsarkake fatar. Babban hanyoyin da squid shiri: tafasa, canning, soya, matatar, bushewa.Ana amfani dasu a cikin salads tare da sauran abincin abincin teku da azaman abun ciye-ciye mai zaman kansa.

An haƙa squids a cikin tekuna na kudu na ƙasashen Asiya: Vietnam, China, Japan, da dai sauransu, a cikin Tekun Okhotsk. Sun kuma isa kan shelf na Patagonia da tsibirin Falkland, kusa da Peru.

Sanannen maganganun hare-haren squid akan mutane.

Kifi na baƙi mai tsoka

Yankuna tare da waɗannan mollusks suna da daraja ba wai kawai tafsirin zamani ba: tsoffin Helenawa da Romawa - sanannen gourmets da hedonists - sun ji daɗin squid. A zamanin da, ana kiran squids kifayen kifi - saboda haka sai su tashi da sauri daga ruwa, su yi sanyi a cikin raƙuman tekun Bahar Rum ko kuma neman ƙaramar ganima. A cikin Asiya, inda aka dade da amincewa da abincin teku a matsayin babban abinci, squid ya zama sananne musamman - amfanin su da lahani an san su ga kowane Jafananci, Sinawa da Vietnamese.

A cikin tarayyar Soviet Union, squids ba abin mamaki bane ko dai - an fara kirkirar su ne a cikin shekarun 1960, kuma 'yan shekaru bayan haka matan gida sun sanya salati tare da squids akan teburin biki. A ɗaya daga cikin sabbin Thean littafin nan mai suna The Book on Tasiri da Abinci mai Lafiya, an ba da shawarar mazaunan Soviet kada su daskarar da abubuwa masu zurfi na teku tare da albasa da kirim mai tsami, amma har da kayan, ,aukan jujjuya daskararru da sikari da fari ...

Sake buguwa da tsawon rai

Lokacin kiwo na asusun squid talakawa na yawancin shekara, amma ana ganin kololuwa a farkon bazara da farkon kaka. A cikin ɓoye, akwai kimanin ƙwai dubu 20. An rarrabe su a cikin gelatinous form na oblong siffar, kama daga waje dogon sausages na bakin ciki. An haɗa su a cikin zurfin har zuwa mita 35 zuwa tsattsauran abubuwa da abubuwa masu ƙarfi. Zai iya zama duwatsun dutse, tarkace a ƙasa, matattun kwayoyin halitta, tarin yashi ko duwatsu.

Tsawon lokacin shiryawa ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki. A zazzabi na 22 digiri Celsius, kwanaki 25 ne. Kuma a zazzabi na digiri 12-14 na Celsius, ya kai kwanaki 40-45. Larvae da aka ƙi, ya kai tsawon 1 cm kuma sunyi kama da manya. Suna girma da sauri. Misali a cikin watan Yuni, tsawon suturar ta kai 12 cm nan da Disamba. Kuma a cikin shekara guda yana girma zuwa cm 20. squid talakawa yana rayuwa shekaru 2-3. A lokaci guda, maza suna girma da sauri kuma suna rayuwa fiye da mace.

Halayya da Abinci

A lokacin rani, ana kiyaye yawancin wakilan a zurfin mita 20 zuwa 80. A cikin hunturu, suna tafiya da zurfi zuwa mita 250 har ma zuwa 500 mita. Yawan mutanen da ke zaune a cikin ruwan arewa maso gabas na tekun Atlantika kusa da Portugal da Maroko, kuma a lokacin bazara sai ta ƙaura zuwa tekun Faransa kuma ta haɗu zuwa Tekun Arewa a watan Mayu - Yuni. A cikin fall, ana lura da sabanin hoto.

A cikin Bahar Rum, squid talakawa ba su yi ƙaura ba, amma a cikin ƙarshen kaka zuwa zurfin zurfin fiye da lokacin rani. Abincin da ke cikin waɗannan mollusks ya ƙunshi kifayen. Sauran wadatattun ciyawa, crayfish, annelids, kibiyoyin teku suma ana cin su. Wakilan nau'ikan ma suna kai hari ga 'yan uwansu, wato, an yi niyya su hana su cin nama.

Wannan nau'in yana nufin kasuwanci. Babban bangare ne na abinci a Turai. Saboda haka, kowace shekara ana kama waɗannan gawawwakin da yawa. Kawai a cikin Tekun Adriatic tsakanin Italiya da Balkans sukan kama tan miliyan dubu 1.5 na murabba'in squid a shekara. Abu ne mai sauki kama su, saboda mollusks suna zaune a cikin manyan makarantu, sabili da haka farashin kamun kaya yayi ƙasa.

Kiwon squid

LOVE tare da squid? Har ila yau ni taushi. Wannan ba a gare ku ba ne a cikin katako, wanda namiji a gaba ya zaɓi mafi kyawun ɓangaren ƙasa, yana kiyaye shi daga wasu maza, yana lalata da mace kuma, ado da launuka masu kyau, suna kulawa da kyau. Kuma ba wai dorinar ruwa ba, wanda namiji ke nunawa mace ga bangarori daban-daban na jikinta, saboda ta koya cewa yana shirye don muhimmiyar sabis kuma ba za ku iya ci ba nan da nan, sai bayan mating, amma yana iya wucewa (alal misali, babbar ƙungiyar North Pacific octopus daga Far) Gabas) sama da awa daya1.Thearshe na squids, ba shakka, waɗanda aka yi nazari, suna gabatowa a cikin wani jirgin sama mara tsayi: sun tafi tare, sun manne tare, kuma suka warwatse. Kuma babu bikin! Saboda haka, lokacin da takwarana, sanannen ɗan binciken mashaya Igor Melnikov, ya dawo a lokacin bazara na 1992 daga dusar kankara mai dusar ƙanƙan wuta daga Antarctica (daga tashar Amurka da Rasha ta Weddell-I) kuma suka ce suna can a kan daskararren kankara a cikin rami, sun kama wani yanki na squids biyu kuma za a kawo su nan da sannu, - ban ma iya tunanin abin da za a bayyana mini irin ƙazantacciyar ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunata ba. Amma cikin tsari!

Ceto a cikin dukkan ciyarin da ke cikin orokinlopods ya ƙunshi gaskiyar cewa namiji ya haɗu da maniyyi ɗaya ko fiye na mace zuwa ga mata2. Spermatophore shine kayan cakuda mai maniyyi da bututun bakin ciki. Spermatophores na iya zama gajere ko tsayi (daga fewan milimita zuwa mita ko fiye, yawanci santimita). Kuma wannan ba wai kawai bututu tare da maniyyi ba, amma na'urar taɗaɗɗun ƙwayar cuta ce wacce ke da kwaskwarimar kwalliya da na'urar haɓaka don maniyyi ejection, sanye take da gashi mai hankali, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai ƙarfi da bututu da ke daɗaɗa rayayyu ga mai rai, har ma a cikin yanayin ruwa (kawai mafarkin mai tiyata!) . Spermatophores suna cikin maza a cikin sashin na musamman (jakar Needham), yana ƙare tare da azzakari, wanda kuma zai iya zama bututu mai sauƙi ko na'ura mai rikitarwa. Kuma ya ba su ga mace a wasu nau'ikan ta azzakari, a wasu ta hannun da aka gyara ta musamman, ana kiranta "hectocotyl" kuma an sanye ta da murɗaɗɗun ƙyallen ko ƙyallen hancin don ɗaukar maniyyin da ke fitowa daga cikin ɓoyayyen kai (bututu a buɗe a saman ƙarshen kai - bututun bututun bututu fishar ƙwalƙwalwar fata), kuma canja shi zuwa mace, sanya shi a wurin da ake buƙata.

Wannan wurin tabbatacce tabbatacce ne kuma kowane nau'in squid yana da nasa: a cikin wasu maniyyi, rami a ƙarƙashin bakin tare da bakin aku na ƙarancin squids yana hidima, a cikin wasu suna kasancewa akan membrane bakin, zobe a bakin, a cikin wasu - kusa da gills, a bangon ciki na murfin (membrane tsoka na jikin mutum, wanda aka daraja squids saboda sun ci shi), a cikin na huɗu - a bayan kai, a cikin rami na musamman. Koyaya, ga alama, akwai irin waɗannan nau'ikan squids, wanda namiji bai damu da inda zai haɗa maniyyin ba - a kai, har ma da wutsiya, don kawai zazzage shi.

Ko an sanya maniyyi a cikin rami na musamman, wanda aka manne a ciki na mayafin ko rarraba a kusa da bakin - a kowane yanayi, barin jikin namiji, sun shiga cikin ruwan teku, kuma a nan ne aka fara aiwatar da ake kira maniyyin maniyyi, ko kuma a saukake, fashewar maniyyin. Gashi mai santsi yana zubar da membrane na bakin ciki, kuma osmotic na ruwa mai ruwa suna shiga cikin membrane na maniyyi. Amma harsashi mai ƙarfi ne, kashi biyu, matse ruwa a kan bazara, yana ɗaure ta, kuma a ƙarshe harsashi na waje baya jurewa kuma yana karyewa a ƙarshen bazara. Ruwan bazara ya fita, yana jan kwasfa na ciki wanda yake dauke da maniyyi, sai wani bututun manne ya manna shi a jikin fatar squid. A can, maniyyi cikin nutsuwa yana jiran nutsuwa, wanda squid yake sau ɗaya a rayuwa. Squid zai iya yin jimawa kafin farashi, da kasancewa cikakkiyar jima'i, kuma watakila ya dade kafin yawu, tsawon watanni biyu, uku, yayin da har yanzu gabaɗaya. A wannan yanayin, maza basa zama a filayen yanayi gaba ɗaya; a wannan lokacin, wataƙila, sun riga sun shuɗe.

Ga wata mace data sha. Idan maniyyi ya kasance kusa da gatan - qwai sun wuce ta kai tsaye bayan sun fitar da oviducts, idan an sanya maniyyin a kan kushin mace - ƙwai sun kasance a dunkule biyu ta ramuka biyu a wuyan wuyan, zuwa dama da hagu na nape, idan an goge su ta hanyar rami, to sai su wuce ya wuce ringi na maniyyi a bakin bakin. Hanya daya, wata, qwai ya bayyana a wurin da aka ajiye maniyyi, kuma ana hadi dashi.

Balaga mai saurin yin tazara tare da squids hakika kamar fama ne na iska.A dukkan bangarorin, an sami nasarar gaba zuwa lokaci mai fasaha ta hanyar fasaha: a cikin jirgin sama - tare da mai ganowa, lissafin komputa na harin da makami mai linzami don harba makamin roba ko bindiga, a cikin squids - tare da ingantaccen maniyyi da kuma na'urorin haɓaka don haɗa maniyyi a madaidaiciyar matsayi da kuma kiyaye shi a cikin mai yiwuwa yanayin tsawon watanni 2 zuwa 3 - ba tare da wani ruwan nitrogen ba!

Komai ya bayyana a sarari. Kawai saboda wasu dalilai ne nayi nasara, wannan ba duka bane. Na zo aiki ne a Kwalejin Oceanology na Kwalejin Kimiyya kuma na fara nazarin squid da octopus, lokacin da na sami squid mace biyu a hannuna - an cire su daga ciki na kifin alepisaurus, aka kama ni a 1963 a Tekun Indiya, kudu da Sumatra, maigidana N.V. .Parin. Dukkanin squids sun kasance cikakke gelatinous, kamar ba squids, amma jellyfish, kuma ba tare da alfarwar. Amma ba saboda yanayin al'ajabin ba ne yasa aka mamaye su, kuma ba saboda alfarwar ba, saboda kifayensu sun ciji: idsan kodan sun zama fari, an adana launinsu gaba ɗaya, dukkansu kuma suna da ɗan madaidaicin yanki a cikin cikinsu wanda ya kama idona. M tube - kamar yadda aka yanke tare da kaifi wuka, fara dan kadan baya daga gefen gaba da tafi zuwa ga wutsiya a layi daya zuwa jiki axis. Spermatophore kawuna ya fita daga kowane bangare, kuma abin da yake da ban sha'awa: maniyyi da kansu suna kwance cikin fata (daɗaɗɗe!) A cikin suturar fata, kuma kawai kawunansu (wurin da gashi yake haɗe) da wuƙaƙen wulakanci (inda bazara ta faɗi) ya tsaya a ɓangaren. Haka kuma, duk maniyyi fanko ne, ba tare da maniyyi ba, harsashi ɗaya. A bayyane yake, an yi amfani da maniyyi don nufin sa: duka mata sun yi tsami, kuma basu da ƙwayaye.

Irin waɗannan squid an daɗe da bayyana su a cikin wallafe-wallafen. An yi imani da cewa wannan dabi'a ce ta musamman da jinsin Chaunoteuthis mollis (mollis mai laushi cikin Latin), a cikin abin da, da ban mamaki sosai, mata ne kawai aka sani, duk balagagge, duk mai hankali, duk ba tare da shinge kuma tare da yanke akan ciki ba: wanda ya yanke guda , zuwa dama ko hagu na tsakiyar ciki (a - c a cikin adadi), wanda yake da biyu (a garesu). Kuma a cikin sassan - spermatophores. Amma wannan dabi'ar halittar da jinsin nasu sun kasance ne ga dangi wanda dukkan tsararraki iri iri ke haifar da shi, tare da manyan tannoni da lamuran da ke zaune a manyan kuliyoyi. Ana kiran dangi: ƙugiya-squid, Onychoteuthidae. Tunani: meaty, squraw squids, amma ba tare da nama da hooks. Kuma ba tare da maza ba.

Ta yaya zazzabi ke faruwa a cikin mahaifar kuma yaya ake hadu da ƙwai? Mawallafa daban-daban sun ba da shawarar hakan, in ji, namiji yana yin yankan tare da gemunsa, kuma macen, tana shan kwai, tana sarrafa su a karkashinta, kuma a hanyar da suke haduwa. M: ta baki na squid, kamar na aku na aku, ba fulawar ba, yana da kyau ga cizo, amma ba don yankan abinci ba, yana iya karya laushin mace, amma ba yanke shi ba. Qwai yakan fita zuwa cikin ramin zuwa kai, kuma yana da wahala mace ta juya su zuwa ga mahaifarta, kuma idan ta yi nasara, da yawa qwai ne za'a hadu yayin wannan aikin na bakon?

Abu ne mai wahala ga waɗanda ke zaune a zurfin sama da 2 kilomita don haihuwa. Abin da ya sa masu zurfin teku-zuriyar haɓaka kera hanyoyin kirkirar kiwo.

Masanin ilimin halitta Henk-Jan Hoving daga Jami'ar Groningen yana da sha'awar yadda squid of Decapodiform cephalopods ke haihuwa. Toari ga wannan kifin-macen, Hoving ya bincika aƙalla ƙarin ƙwaran squid da katako mai kifi - daga katuwar squir 12-mitir zuwa ƙaramin-squid bai wuce tsawon mm 25 ba.

A cewar Hoving, nazarin zurfafawar teku har yanzu suna da wahala, saboda suna da wahalar kaiwa ga gaci. Don lura da waɗannan saɓoran a cikin yanayin halitta, ana buƙatar fasaha na musamman. Sabili da haka, masanin ilmin halitta ya sake tsarin dabi'un jima'i na squid, gamsuwa da matattun samfurori da kwatancin wasu kwararru. Amma har yanzu dan kasar Holland din ya sami nasarar yin wasu binciken.

Kamar yadda masanin ilimin halittu da kansa ya ce, "haifuwa ba ta da daɗi, musamman idan kun kasance squid."

A cikin nau'in mollusk na Taningia danae, maza suna cutar da jikin mace a zurfin santimita biyar da gemu da ƙugiya yayin balaga.Kuma duk saboda wannan nau'in squid kawai ba shi da kofunawar tsotsa. Amma daga irin waɗannan "masu lalata da kansu" suke da fa'ida da yawa. Maza suna sanya “sachets” waɗanda ke ɗauke da maniyyi a cikin yankan - maniyyi.

Wakilan wani nau'in nau'ikan teku masu yawa "- masu amfani da makamai masu yawa" - 'yan kasar Moroteuthis - suna amfani da wannan hanyar. Gaskiya ne, tsarin wannan hadadden na waɗannan squids ya fi aminci. Spermatophores ya shiga fata ba tare da cutar da shi ba. A cewar Hoving, maza suna da wasu nau'ikan abu, wataƙila enzyme ne wanda zai baka damar “narke” fatar.

Hoving sami tabbaci cewa maniyyi ya shiga fata fatar kansu. Masanin ilimin halitta ya sami damar ganin wannan tsari cikin dabbobin da aka kama. Haka kuma, likitocin Jafanawan sun rubuta batun shigar da maniyyi squid zuwa cikin jikin mutum. Ba haka ba da daɗewa, an gudanar da wani aiki a cikin Land of Rising Sun, lokacin da "jakar maniyyi" na cephalopod ta cire wasu ƙaunataccen sashimi daga makogwaron.

Amma karamin squid Heteroteuthis ya yanke shawarar kara yawan haihuwa. Matan wannan jinsin suna hadi da kwanansu daban-daban, a cikin jikin mutum. Dangane da Hoving, sun kirkiro jaka ta musamman don adana maniyyi, wanda aka haɗa kai tsaye tare da rufin ciki na ciki da gabobin haihuwa.

A lokacin da ma'aurata ke maza, maza za su cika wannan tanki da maniyyi. Haka kuma, yana da wadatarwa sosai cewa wadatarsa ​​zata iya zama har zuwa 3% na nauyin jikin mace. A cewar masanin ilmin halitta, wannan hanyar tana da fa'idodi da yawa ga mata da maza. Mace na iya yin qwai na tsawon lokaci kuma a hankali suna takin ta yayin da suka girma. Kuma mazajen da aka “dana bam” suna da garantin cewa budurcin budurwarsu zata sami takamaiman maniyyi.

Samu Hoving tsakanin squids da "effeminate" maza. Squids ba katantanwa bane; hermaphroditism yawanci basa faruwa acikin su. Amma leceneroii na Ancistrocheirus ya nuna ƙananan glandan da ke da hannu a cikin samar da ƙwai a cikin mata. Tsawon jikin waɗannan waɗansunsu ma ya zama ba daidaituwa ba - fiye da maza na yau da kullun.

Hoving ba zai iya bayanin wannan sabon abu ba kuma ya yarda cewa shima abubuwa ne irin na kwayar halittar mutum daga allunan mutane. Wanne na farko tare da najasa zai faɗi zuwa gaɓar tekun bakin teku, sannan kuma zurfin. Amma, masanin ilmin halitta ya kara da cewa, wannan na iya zama matsayin "kirkirar" ta squids - wata hanya mafi mahimmanci don kusanci da mata.

Masanin kimiyyar yana fatan cewa binciken nasa ba kawai zai taimaka wajen kara koyo game da zurfafawar teku ce ba, har ma zai taimaka wajen kare su daga kwaɗayin ɗan adam. Tabbas, ba kawai binciken bincike ya shiga cikin zurfin zurfafa ba, har ma da sabbin dabbobin kamun kifayen.

An buga sakamakon binciken a shafin yanar gizon Jami'ar Groningen.

Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin zurfin teku. Mafi yawan abubuwan da ba a sani ba sune mazaunan phosphorescent mazaunan zurfin teku. Squid, dabba na ɗaya daga cikin fewan da aka baiwa wannan ikon.

Duniyar da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa wuri ne mai wuyar ganewa, wanda har yanzu ba a bincika gabaɗaya ba. Daga cikin mazaunan zurfafa akwai wasu halittu waɗanda ba kawai suna ƙyamar su bane kawai, amma kuma suna da ban tsoro da girma da ƙarfin su. Ofaya daga cikin irin waɗannan halittu masu ban al'ajabi shine squid na al'ada - wakilcin tsari na mollusks goma na mallakar makamai, wanda ya kasance cikin rukuni na cephalopods.

Duba menene "gama gari" a wasu ƙamus:

Tsarin squid Mastigoteuthis harshen wuta ƙirar kimiyya ... Wikipedia

- (Loligo) dabba daga aji na cephalopods (Cephalopoda), ɓoye Dibranchiata mai wutsiya biyu), ƙirar maɓallin keɓaɓɓe (Decapoda), daga dangi. Myopsidae. Halin halittar Loligo yana da alaƙar jiki, na gaba, mai nuna alama, tare da nau'i biyu na ƙwallan triangular tare ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus da Efron

- (Loligo) dabba daga aji na cephalopods (Cephalopoda), tsari na kafaffun (Dibranchiata), jigon ƙazamar ƙaura (Decapoda), daga dangi. Myopsidae. Halin halittar Loligo yana da alaƙar jiki, na gaba, tare da nuna alama tare da ofan bangarorin ƙwallon ƙafa uku ... ...

- (Loligo) dabba daga aji na cephalopod mollusks (Cephalopoda), tsari na gl-gill biyu (Dibranchiata), ƙirar decapods (Decapoda), daga dangi. Myopsidae. Halin halittar Loligo yana da alaƙar jiki, na gaba, tare da nuna alama tare da aan bangarorin ƙwallan triangular ... F.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus da I.A. Efron

Squid na gama gari (lat. Loligo vulgaris) yana nufin cephalopods daga umarnin Gwanaye goma (lat. Decapodiformes). Yana zaune a cikin ruwa mai gishiri. Yankin sa yana cikin gabashin tekun Atlantika daga Ireland zuwa Guinea, gami da Bahar Rum.

Wadannan mollusks yawanci ana samun su a cikin ruwa mai zurfin rairayin bakin teku, suna riƙe a ƙasan ko a cikin ruwa ruwa. A ƙasashe da yawa, ana ɗaukar abincinsu abinci mai ɗanɗano ne.

Ana yin saran squid a cikin dare, lokacin da suka fara farauta don garken garke.

Matsayin mata da maza

Bayanai game da rabo tsakanin mace-mace na cephalopods suna da wuya da sabani. Wannan ya faru ne saboda karancin kayan kayan aiki wanda yawanci yana hannun masu bincike, tunda tarin squid a teku a mafi yawan lokuta ana aiwatar da shi ne ba-zata. A sakamakon haka, zamu iya magana game da rabon jima'i ba a cikin yawan jama'a ba, amma a wani ɓangare na shi. Misali, a cikin gabar gabar Tekun Bahar Rum a watan Janairu da Fabrairu, maza na Loligo vulgaris sun fi mata yawa, a watan Maris adadin maza da mata ya zama daidai, sannan mata su yawaita. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mazajen wannan nau'in sun balaga a baya fiye da mace kuma a baya sun kusan zuwa gaɓar tekun. Hakanan ana iya bayanin raunin rashin daidaituwa tsakanin maza da mata ta fuskoki daban-daban na maza da mata. Alloteuthis kafofin watsa labaru maza sun fi ƙasa da mace, kuma wannan yana ba da sauƙin wucewa ta mashigar trawls.

Binciken bayanan da aka samo daga marubuta daban-daban, mun karkata ga yin imani cewa madaidaicin matsayin jima'i na squids yana kusa da 1: 1, kuma duk wani mahimman karkacewa daga wannan rabo ana haifar da kurakurai a cikin tarin kayan. Koyaya, alal misali, a cikin Todarodes sagittatus, mace ta fi rinjaye a cikin yawan jama'a, adadinsu yana da yawa, wasu lokuta kuma mafi yawa fiye da adadin maza. Yawancin mata shine halayyar Dosidicus gigas, Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis kuma, mai yiwuwa, Lolliguncula mercatoris.

Cinikin ciki da kuma hadi

Balagagge squid yakan faru ne a cikin hanyoyi biyu.

Hanya ta farko - abokan tarayya suna matsowa kusa da zama tare da shugabanci. Hannayensu suna hade. Tare da taimakon hectocotilized, namiji yana ɗaukar maniyyi daga kogon wankin sa yana mayar da shi zuwa ɗakin ajiyar bakin ta na bakin mace.

Hanya ta biyu - Namiji ya yi a karkashin mahaifar mace ko ya kusaci daga gefe domin kansa ya kasance matakin ƙyallen ta. Namiji ya lullube hannayenta kusa da suturar mace kuma ya riƙe ta da kyau, sannan ya juya maniyyin zuwa suturar mace da hannun hectocotilized.

Yin hukunci da gaskiyar cewa maniyyin maniyyi a wasu lokutan suna haɗe da zumar mace, suna sanya ƙyallen a cikin farji na saman farjin, ana sanya su a bayan bangon ɓarna, da dai sauransu, akwai wasu hanyoyin haɗin kai, amma ba wanda ya lura dasu kai tsaye.

Speciesaya daga cikin nau'in squid ana kwafa shi ne kawai ta hanyar "kai zuwa kai", yana cika magin ɗin mai shayarwa a cikin fitsarin mace da maniyyi (Loligo vulgaris, Todor odes pacificus, Dosidlcus gtgas, Symplectoteuihis oualaniensis, a fili ma U. sagittalus, Todaropsis. ), wasu suna canja wurin spermatophores kawai zuwa ramin tsohuwar mace, alal misali, Illex illecebrosus. Koyaya, squid na wasu nau'in an kwafa su duka ta hanyar farko da ta biyu (Loligo pealei, L. opalescens, Sepioteuthis lessoniana t Doryteuthis plei). A bayyane yake, haɗuwar hanyoyin dabarun daban-daban na samar da ingantaccen hadi na ƙwai.

Halin ban sha'awa na squid yayin dabbar canji. Duk maza da mata suna matukar farin ciki da mamaki. Matan na Loligo pealei suna ci gaba da motsawa tare da takaicewa, suna yin motsi mai mahimmanci tare da hannayensu, sannan kuma ninka su tare, sannan yada su baya. Maza suna shirye don ma'aurata suna bin mace koyaushe, suna kiyayewa. Saannan namiji ya yi rawa ya kama mace a gaban kai. An haɗa su da hannaye kuma suna wanzuwa cikin wannan matsayin cikin duk tsawon lokacin haifuwa.Namiji ya kama fakitoci na maniyyi wanda yake fitowa daga cikin rigar jikin ta hanyar ramin, kuma yana amfani da hectocotyl yana mayar da su zuwa membrane na bakin mace, inda yake rike su na wani dan lokaci har sai dukkan maniyyi ya fito ya cika abin da ya samu. Dukkanin aikin yana da kamar minti 10. Ta wannan hanyar, ana kofe pe peii a wasu lokuta kafin a ɗanɗana shi, lokacin da ƙwai matan bai cika ba. Kafin kwanciya qwai, squids mate sake. Namiji ya riƙe mace a aljihunsa tare da hannuwansa kuma a lokaci guda, yana ɗaukar maniyyin da ya fito daga cikin gidan tare da hectocotyl, yana mayar da su zuwa ɗakin kwanon mace. Wani ɓangare na maniyyi ana ɗaukar shi nan da nan ta ruwa, amma, mafi yawansu ya kasance kusa da wurin oviduct. Ana maimaita canjin sau da yawa. Kowane ɗayan maza sukan yi daɗin daɗi har wasu lokuta suna ƙoƙarin yin abota da wasu maza kuma suna kwance maniyyi a cikin rigar jikinsu.

Qwai squid takin a cikin alkyabbar lokacin da qwai ya fita daga budewa, ko kuma lokacin da suka haye tare da mazugar hannayen - a wannan lokacin maniyyi yana gudana daga ramin kumatu yana hadi da qwai.

Girman da adadin maniyyi

Tsarin maniyyi na jiki ya tara a cikin jakar na musamman na maniyyi (ƙwayoyin gabobin maza). Cike da maniyyi, farare ne. Samuwar maniyyi a cikin mazan da suka manyanta na ci gaba ne, wanda har zuwa sashin jikinham ɗin yana samun wadataccen abinci.

A waje, maniyyi mai squid suna kama da bututun da aka rufe a ƙarshen shi, ko kuma, daidai, bututu mai rufe ƙafa. Alin na maniyyi ya kunshi reshen maniyyi da kuma kayan aiki mai rikitarwa. Babban bangare na wannan kayan shine dunkulen bakin zaren, wani marmaro ne wanda yafito daga kai daga maniyyi zuwa tafki tare da maniyyi, inda yake a jikin wani bangare na musamman. Guguwar tana riƙe maniyyi har sai maniyyi 'ya fashe'. Lokacin da maniyyi ya kasance a cikin membrane na baki ko a cikin shimfidar suturar mace, toshewar kayan jikin yana sanya kumfa tare da fitar maniyyi daga kwandon "fashewa" maniyyi zuwa saman jikin mace.

Tsawon maniyyi a cikin cephalopods ya sha bamban. Mafi dadewar maniyyi na octopus Outopus dofleirti (1.2 m). A wasu octopuses, tsawon maniyyi daidai yake da tsawon layin alkyabba har ma ya wuce ta.

Matsakaicin girman maniyyi a cikin squids ya bambanta daga mm 2 (Enoploteuthidae) zuwa 10-20 cm a cikin manyan gilasai na kwayoyin Architeutkis.

Matsakaicin girman maniyyi a cikin squids wasu ƙananan ne idan aka kwatanta da dorinar ruwa, ba su wuce 20-25% na tsawon katuwar. Dangane da ƙananan maniyyi suna da squids daga cikin dangin Loliginidae, matsakaicinsu bai wuce 7-8% na tsawon katuwar ba. Girman manya-manyan sifofin maniyyi a cikin gidan Ommastrephidae sune 16-25 zuwa 25 na tsawon katako.

Girman maniyyi yana haɓaka tare da haɓakar dabba, amma sannu a hankali fiye da girman jikin mutum. Misali, a cikin Loligo vulgaris daga Bahar Rum, tare da doguwar shimfiɗa ta 14 cm, tsawon maniyyi shine 7% na tsawon katuwar, kuma tsawon sutturar 30 cm - 6%.

Girman spermatophores ba iri ɗaya bane ga wakilin nau'in jinsi iri ɗaya daga wurare daban-daban. -Aya daga cikin maza na Octopus vulgaris na Tekun Bahar Rum na da tsinkayen maniyyi fiye da na Yammacin Tekun Atlantika.

A bayyane yake, akwai takamaiman dangantaka tsakanin girman maniyyi da lambar su. A Loliginidae, spermatophores yayi ƙanana amma da yawa: a Loligo vulgaris, 800 ko fiye, a cikin L. pealei, har zuwa 400. A Ommastrephidae, tare da manyan maniyyi, adadinsu shine 100-250, kuma kawai a cikin manyan nau'ikan kamar Dosidicus gigas, 300-1200. A bayyane yake, karami masu girma dabam daga cikin maniyyi, mafi girma da lambar. Don katako da dorinar ruwa, dogaro ɗaya iri ɗaya ne halayyar: a cikin Sepia officinalis, wanda yake da gajeriyar maniyyi (tsawon tsinkaye - 7.6-5.9%) - kusan 1400 guda, a cikin Pteroctopus tetracirrhus (tsayin dangi 91.1-100.0%) - guda 12 kawai.

Yawan spermatophores a cikin ƙwayoyin Needham yana ƙaruwa da shekaru, maza biyu masu shekaru suna da yawan maniyyi fiye da shekarun shekara.

Lamba da girman qwai

Qwai na cephalopods yawanci m ne, a hade suke da kullun tare da kullun, ƙarancin lu'u-lu'u da aka saba da shi.

Yawancin octopuse da katon kifi suna da manyan qwai, alal misali, dorinar ruwa na Octopus conispadiceus yana da girman kwai na 30 mm. A cikin squids, yawanci ba su wuce 2.5-3 mm kuma kawai wakilai na halittar Sepioteuthis suna da manyan qwai (tare da diamita na har zuwa 1.5 cm).

Ta halitta, da ƙanƙan ƙwai, mafi girma da lambar girma a cikin ovary na mace, don haka yiwuwar squid da kuma girman qwai suna da dangantaka mai dangantaka.

Girman girma na qwai a zahiri ba ya haɓaka tare da haɓakar mace, sakamakon abin da manyan mata suka fi yawa fiye da ƙananan waɗanda ke girma a farkon.

Tsarin girma na kwan kwai a cikin ovaries ya sha bamban tsakanin jinsuna. A cikin 'yan squids, alal misali a wasu Cranchiidae, ba duk ƙwaiba ba ne lokaci ɗaya, amma a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi dabam dabam cikin rayuwar mace. Qwai yana sharewa yayin da suka yi girma kuma aka rarraba su.

A mafi yawan squids, a lokacin spawning, kusan dukkanin ƙwai da ke ƙunshe cikin haɓakar ovary, don haka spawning yana faruwa a lokaci. A cikin Loligo vulgaris, alal misali, kusan dukkanin ƙwaiyen da ke cikin gidan kwayayen an share su.

Duk da sauƙaƙen lokaci guda, a cikin ƙwayoyin mata a cikin pre-spawning akwai ƙungiyoyi 3-4 na qwai waɗanda suka bambanta launi da girman. Eggsan ƙaramin ƙwayau, a matsayin mai mulki, suna da kyau, yayin da suke fara'a, suna tara gwaiduwa, suna ƙaruwa da yawa, suna nuna haske kuma suna samun rawaya (Loligo vulgaris), yellow-orange (Lolliguncula brevis) ko lemo (Illex illecebrosus coindeti).

Samun ƙwaƙƙwaran squids ya bambanta daga dubun da yawa (Sepioteuthis) zuwa kwayoyi dubu ɗari da yawa (Ommastrephes caroli, Dosidicus gigas, Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis). Pelagic squids waɗanda ke zaune a sassan sassan tekuna da tekun na yiwuwa sun fi muni fiye da nau'ikan bakin teku. Misali, neritic Loliginidae yawanci bashi da kwaya sama da dubu 3-5, da kuma nau'in halittun teku Ommastrcphidae da Cranchiidae - dubun da daruruwan dubbai.

Kwai kwanciya

Akwai nau'i biyu na masarar squid - ƙasa da pelagic. Kowane kwai a cikin kama yana sanye da ƙanjamiyar roba mai yawa, kuma a saman babban taro na qwai an kulle shi a cikin kwalliyar jelly-kamar ƙamshi ko kuma babu tsari. Outeran gwanayen na ƙwai suna ɓoye ta glandon oviduct da abubuwanda basu da mahimmanci, har aka sanya ƙwai ɗin da kwankwasiyyar ta riga ta kiyaye.

Girman girma da siffar masonry na iya yin aiki azaman zuriya. Loligo vulgaris, L. forbesi, pealei, L. opalescens, Alloteuthis media, A. subulafa, Sepioteuthis lessoniana, S. sepioidea da sauran nau'ikan bakin teku sanannu ne sanannu.

Abun rikicewar dukkan Myopsida sun kasance ƙasa: Suna kama da igiyoyin gelatinous masu kauri ko sarƙaƙƙun tsayi daban-daban, an haɗe su da tushe zuwa madadin - duwatsun, bawo, gutsattsin dutsen, murjani, ciyawar teku, algae ko a sauƙaƙe zuwa ƙasan. Mace da hannayensu a hankali a haɗe capsules cike da ƙwai, suna saƙa da mai tushe tare.

Yawanci, mace tana sanya ƙwai a wuri guda a cikin hanyar masonry guda ɗaya, amma wasu squids suna yin masonry da yawa. Misali, a kafafen watsa labarai na Alloteuthis, mace bata wuce qwai 200-300 a wuri guda (daga cikin adadin 1000-1400), don haka kwanciya mace daya ya warwatse a gindi a wurare da dama.

A Loligo vulgaris, akasin haka, mace tayi ƙoƙarin kwanciya ƙwai a inda akwai wasu nau'in wasu mata daga jinsin. Wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa a wasu wurare ƙoshin ƙwai na L. vulgaris tare da lokacin farin ciki ya rufe ƙasa a cikin sarari mai yawa. A cikin L. opalescens, qwai kuma ana dage farawa a cikin manyan tsiloli, galibi suna mamaye sassan ƙasa har zuwa 12 m a diamita.

Twallo na ƙasa na Loliginidae suna kusa da bakin tekun, a cikin ƙananan yanki na makiyaya. Sau da yawa a cikin hadari mai iska, ruwan ɗumbin yashi da gawawwakin squided squids ana jefa su ga gaci ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa.

A Kudancin Indiya, Sepioteuthis lessoniana ta ɓoye a cikin wurare masu yawa na biya da kuma wuraren biya da ciyawa tare da ciyawar teku da algae, wanda yawanci yakan bushe lokacin bazara. Ƙwai na wannan squid an haɗe shi ba kawai ga abubuwan ƙasa da ciyawa ba, har ma da ragowar ciyawar ciyawar - rassan, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi, da dai sauransu.

Wakilan kowane nau'in sun fi son ilsasa da zurfin ma'anar kyawawa. A cikin Gulf of Lyon, mace na Loligo vulgaris spagaris mafi yawa a kan yashi da silty kasa a zurfin 20-80 m, kuma Alloteuthis kafofin watsa labaru sun fi son silty kasa ko babban ciyawar ciyawar teku Posidonia a zurfin of 10-30 m.

Wasu Ommastrephidae kuma suna sanya ƙwai a ƙasa.Waɗannan su ne Todarodes pacificus, a fili ma T. sagittatus, Illex illecebrosus, da sauransu.

Kaɗan kaɗan ne sananne game da halayen maza da na mata na squids bayan kwanciya ƙwai. An kafa cewa mata na Loligo opalescens suna zama kusa da clutches yayin haɓaka su. Matan Doryteuthis sun daɗe don kiyaye masarar kuma a wanke ta da ruwa mai tsarkak .wa. Koyaya, yawancin squids suna mutuwa ba da daɗewa ba bayan tsagewa, don haka kama yana haɓaka ba tare da kulawar iyaye ba, sabanin octopuses daga dangin Octopodidae, wanda mata a zahiri suke "ƙyanƙyashe" ƙwai ne, kusa da su, lokaci-lokaci suna shayar da su da ruwa mai ruwa daga matattakala kuma suna kori masu farauta da yawa. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, dorinar mace ba ta cin abinci a duk tsawon lokacin da ake haɓaka ƙwai kuma ta mutu bayan ƙyanƙyashe. Matan Argonauts sun yi ƙwai da ƙwayayensu a cikin kwancen musamman.

Ana iya ɗauka cewa yawancin squids na teku suna da ƙwai na pelagic. Wannan zato yana da goyan bayan gaskiyar cewa yawancin nau'ikan squid a koyaushe suna nesa daga bakin tekun akan zurfin zurfafa, suna zaune kwatancen ruwan kuma baya ƙaura zuwa gabar ruwa.

Pelagic masonry squids, sanannu ne ga masu bincike, iri ɗaya ne cikin tsarin. Suna kama da fadi (har zuwa 30 cm) da tsayi (har zuwa 1-2 m ko fiye) m ruwan hoda ko yadudduka gelatinous kintinkiri, hannun riga ko tsiran alade, ciki wanda ƙwai ke kwance cikin layuka fiye da ƙasa. Kowane kwai yana rabuwa da maƙwabta na kusa. Clutch 1.5-1.8 m tsawo da tsawon 30 cm fadi ya ƙunshi kimanin 20,000 qwai. Irin wannan masonry yana da laushi mai laushi kuma, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska, raƙuman ruwa da igiyoyin ruwa, sun kakkarye, kullun suna da siffar ƙwallon ƙwal. Ribbon-mai-siffa ko mai sikelin masonry squids ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin ruwa na ruwa. A lokacin da cin gaban qwai (kafin hatching na larvae), guda na irin wannan clutches a fili suna da lokaci don watsa kan wani yanki mai yawan ruwa.

Hakanan an sauƙaƙe yaduwar squids ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa sau da yawa suna sauƙaƙewa cikin magudanan ruwa na teku. Wannan yana tabbatuwa ta hanyar tarawa cikin magudanan ruwa na farkon matakan fari na squid. Don haka, K. Hu ya gano dimbin lardin Cranchiidae da na Guinea yanzu. Mun sami babban adadin lardin squid kusa da Bab el-Mandeb Strait. Tare da nisan daga shi zuwa arewa da kudu kamar yadda yanzu ke raunana, yawan adadin larvae yana raguwa sosai.

Lokacin wasa

Bayanai akan lokacin tsinkaye ana iya samun duka ta hanyar lura da abubuwan dake faruwa a cikin teku, kuma kai tsaye ta hanyar bincika matakin balaga na gland din jima'i, da kuma gano farkon matakan lardin squid a cikin plankton. Hanya ta farko, hakika, ita ce mafi yawan abin dogaro. Abin takaici, kallon abubuwan da ke faruwa na squid a cikin teku suna da iyaka sosai (nau'in gabar teku na Loligintdae).

Don yawancin squids, an shirya lokacin tsalle-tsalle ne kawai ta hanyar kwatanta bayanan kai tsaye.

Lokaci na kewayawa iri daban-daban, har ma a cikin kwari guda, daban. Wasu sun fi son watanni na bazara, wasu sun fi son watanni lokacin bazara, wasu kuma sun fi son ƙarshen bazara da kaka. Koyaya, mafi yawan lokuta squids spawn a cikin dumi kakar. An ambaci wannan musamman a yankin mai, inda yanayin yanayi na yanayin ruwa ya isa matsayin sa mafi girma. Gaskiya ne, babban yanayin iskar Todarodes yana faruwa a cikin hunturu - a watan Disamba-Janairu, amma don tsunduma wannan squid yayi ƙaura zuwa matsanancin kudu na kewayonsa, zuwa ƙarshen ruwa na kudancin Japan.

Wajen yankuna masu zurfi da na wurare masu zafi, lokutan squid na kara yawaita. Wannan ya shafi jinsin da ke rayuwa kawai a waɗannan yankuna, har ma da nau'in halitta. Dangane da nau'in teku mai zurfi kuma suna da tsinkayyen tsayi.

Loligo vulgaris a cikin Arewacin Morse ya ɓata watanni uku na shekara - daga farkon Mayu zuwa Yuli. A cikin Bahar Maliya, tana jan iri kusan shekara - daga Janairu zuwa Oktoba - Nuwamba.Hakanan za a iya faɗi game da kafofin watsa labarai na Alloteuthls - a cikin Tekun Arewa, ana ganin tsalle-tsakin wannan nau'in ne kawai a lokacin bazara - a watan Yuni-Yuli, yayin da a Tekun Bahar Rum ta kewaya a duk shekara. Tsarin Todarodes na Tamorodes a cikin ruwan Japan yana kusan kusan shekara, amma wannan nau'in yana da ƙungiyoyi biyu masu banƙyama - hunturu, kiwo kawai a cikin matsanancin kudu na Japan, da kuma bazara, kiwo duka a arewaci da kuma Kudancin ƙasar. Iyakancewar lokacin bazara na cephalopods a cikin tsauraran wurare masu nisa sun dogara da yanayin yanayin zafi kuma, sama da duka, akan zafin jiki na ruwa.

Tuni a cikin Bahar Rum, tsalle-tsalle mafi yawan nau'in ƙwayar cephalopod yana kasancewa tsawon watanni 8-10, kuma galibi duk shekara. Hakanan ana iya faɗi game da yankin squid na Florida da California.

Idan iskanci yakan faru shekara-shekara, wannan ba ya nufin cewa ƙarfinta ya canza ba a shekara. Yawancin lokaci akwai lokacin da ake aiki da kiwo - ƙwanƙwasa ƙwalla. Misali, a Florida Lolliguncula brevis, yana faruwa ne a watan Satumba - Oktoba, a Rum Loligo vulgaris - a watan Yuni, a California L. opalescens - a watan Mayu-Yuni, a cikin dokar Illex ba bisa doka ba - a cikin Disamba-Maris.

A cikin Bahar Maliya da Tekun Indiya, mata masu girma Loligo edulis. L. duvauceli, Seploteuthis lessoniana, Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis an samo su a cikin kaka, hunturu, da kuma bazara (babu abubuwan lura a lokacin rani). Mace na S. oualaniensis tare da cikakkun kwayoyi masu launin rawaya m an kama su a cikin Tekun Aden a watan Nuwamba da Janairu. Bugu da kari, a cikin watan Janairu, a tsakiyar mashigar ruwan Aden, sama da zurfin kusan 1000 m, pelagic spherical clutch Ommastrephidae, wanda, a ra'ayinmu, na S. oualaniensis ne, wanda aka kama a saman farfajiya.

Mace Loligo edulis, L. duvauceli, Doryteuthis sibogae tare da ƙwai masu girma a kai a kai suna zuwa trawls ɗinmu a cikin ruwa mai ɓoye na Kudancin da Gabas ta Arabia da kuma gefen gabar yammacin Pakistan a watan Fabrairu-Mayu a zurfin 20-120 m (ba su zurfafa tarko ba).

A cikin tarin tarin ichthyoplankton wanda aka gudanar a cikin Tekun Red Sea da Gulf of Aden a cikin faduwar 1963 (Oktoba-Nuwamba), an sami ƙarancin squide daga dangin Loliginldae, Ommastrephidae, Enoploteuthidae, da Chiroteuthidae, waɗanda suke farkon matakan ci gaba. Tsawonsu bai wuce 2-5 mm ba. A bayyane yake, yaduwar yawancin nau'in squid a wannan yanki shine shekara-shekara.

Akwai ra'ayi cewa tsinkayen Cephalopoda ya dogara da zafin jiki ba kawai, har ma da tsawon lokacin awoyi. Don haka, a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum, inda ruwan zafin jiki bashi da wani tasiri mai iyakancewa a cikin nutsuwa, a cikin jinsin da ke da ɗan gajeren lokaci, yakan fado a watan Yuni-Yuli, i.e., na tsawon kwanakin da suka fi yawa a shekara. A cikin hunturu watanni, squid spawning yawanci faduwa ko dakatar gaba ɗaya.

Masanin ilimin halitta Henk-Jan Hoving daga Jami'ar Groningen ya dauki sha'awa kan yadda ake kiwon dabbobi Decapodiform cephalopods . Baya ga wannan kifin-fata, Hoving ya bincika aƙalla ƙarin nau'ikan squid da katako - daga 12? Antaramar squid zuwa karamin squid tsawon no 25 mm mai tsayi.

A cewar Hoving, nazarin zurfafawar teku har yanzu suna da wahala, saboda suna da wahalar kaiwa ga gaci. Don lura da waɗannan saɓoran a cikin yanayin halitta, ana buƙatar fasaha na musamman. Sabili da haka, masanin ilmin halitta ya sake tsarin dabi'un jima'i na squid, gamsuwa da matattun samfurori da kwatancin wasu kwararru. Amma har yanzu dan kasar Holland din ya sami nasarar yin wasu binciken.

Kamar yadda masanin ilimin halittu da kansa ya ce, "haifuwa ba ta da daɗi, musamman idan kun kasance squid."

A cikin nau'in mollusk na Taningia danae, maza suna cutar da jikin mace a zurfin santimita biyar da gemu da ƙugiya yayin balaga. Kuma duk saboda wannan nau'in squid kawai ba shi da kofunawar tsotsa. Amma daga irin waɗannan "masu lalata da kansu" suke da fa'ida da yawa. Maza suna sanya “sachets” waɗanda ke ɗauke da maniyyi a cikin yankan - maniyyi.

Wakilan wani nau'in teku mai “nau'ikan makamai" suna amfani da wannan hanyar - Karatun kasar Moroteuthis . Gaskiya ne, tsarin wannan hadadden na waɗannan squids ya fi aminci. Spermatophores ya shiga fata ba tare da cutar da shi ba.A cewar Hoving, maza suna da wasu nau'ikan abu, wataƙila enzyme ne wanda zai baka damar “narke” fatar.

Hoving sami tabbaci cewa maniyyi ya shiga fata fatar kansu. Masanin ilimin halitta ya sami damar ganin wannan tsari cikin dabbobin da aka kama. Haka kuma, likitocin Jafanawan sun rubuta batun shigar da maniyyi squid zuwa cikin jikin mutum. Ba haka ba da daɗewa, an gudanar da wani aiki a cikin Land of Rising Sun, lokacin da "jakar maniyyi" na cephalopod ta cire wasu ƙaunataccen sashimi daga makogwaron.

Kuma a nan ne karamin squid Hetroteuthis disar yanke shawarar kara yawan haihuwa. Matan wannan jinsin suna hadi da kwanansu daban-daban, a cikin jikin mutum. Dangane da Hoving, sun kirkiro jaka ta musamman don adana maniyyi, wanda aka haɗa kai tsaye tare da rufin ciki na ciki da gabobin haihuwa.

A lokacin da ma'aurata ke maza, maza za su cika wannan tanki da maniyyi. Haka kuma, yana da wadatarwa sosai cewa wadatarsa ​​zata iya zama har zuwa 3% na nauyin jikin mace. A cewar masanin ilmin halitta, wannan hanyar tana da fa'idodi da yawa ga mata da maza. Mace na iya yin qwai na tsawon lokaci kuma a hankali suna takin ta yayin da suka girma. Kuma mazajen da aka “dana bam” suna da garantin cewa budurcin budurwarsu zata sami takamaiman maniyyi.

Samu Hoving tsakanin squids da "effeminate" maza. Squids ba katantanwa bane; hermaphroditism yawanci basa faruwa acikin su. Amma ku Cutar kansa mai cutar kansa an gano ƙananan glandan waɗanda ke da hannu cikin samar da ƙwai a cikin mata. Tsawon jikin waɗannan waɗansunsu ma ya zama ba daidaituwa ba - fiye da maza na yau da kullun.

Hoving ba zai iya bayanin wannan sabon abu ba kuma ya yi imanin cewa wannan shine sakamakon kamuwa da kwayoyin halittar jini da abubuwan kwatancen-kwayoyin daga allunan mutane. Wanne na farko tare da najasa zai faɗi zuwa gaɓar tekun bakin teku, sannan kuma zurfin. Amma, masanin ilmin halitta ya kara da cewa, wannan na iya zama matsayin "kirkirar" ta squids - wata hanya mafi mahimmanci don kusanci da mata.

Masanin kimiyyar yana fatan cewa binciken nasa ba kawai zai taimaka wajen kara koyo game da zurfafawar teku ce ba, har ma zai taimaka wajen kare su daga kwaɗayin ɗan adam. Tabbas, ba kawai binciken bincike ya shiga cikin zurfin zurfafa ba, har ma da sabbin dabbobin kamun kifayen.

Gida »Iri Rooabi'a» Wanne dabba ya zo da ita. Shin squid dabba ce? Babban nau'ikan squid da aka fitar a cikin tekun

Don lafiya da kauna

Kamar kowane nama mai cin abinci (naman maroƙi, kaza da turkey, farin kifi), squid samfurin ne daidai. Amma kayan mollusks suna da karko na musamman waɗanda zasu ba da maki ɗari gaban sauran abincin nama.

• Squids suna da furotin mai yawa kuma kusan babu mai da kima a jikin shi - abincin abincin daidai ya cika kuma baya samun ajiya a ciki da kwatangwalo tare da karin fam.
• Shellfish yana da wadataccen abinci a cikin bitamin C da PP (nicotinic acid), waɗanda ke haɓaka metabolism, bayar da, kula da tasoshin lafiya da hauka mai yawa ga shekaru masu zuwa.
• Babban abun ciki na bitamin E a squid garanti ne na lafiya da kyakkyawan fata, nutsuwa da yanayi mai kyau. Kyakkyawan bonus shine cewa bitamin E yana taimakawa wajen kula da jima'i a cikin mata a rayuwa, saboda haka yawanci sun haɗa da salads da abincin abincin teku a cikin abincin dare na soyayya (da karin kumallo).
• Ta hanyar adadin potassium, naman squid na iya gasa tare da hatsi - waɗannan mollusks har ma ana kiran su balm don zuciya. Macrocell ba wai kawai yana ƙarfafa ƙwayar zuciya ba, har ma yana daidaita karfin jini, yana kawar da ruwa mai yawa, yana kawar da duk kumburi daga kafafu da fuska.
• Ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe da aidin a squid, tsarin juyayi, yana taimaka wajan shawo kan abubuwan ɗorawar jijiyoyi da inganta ƙarfin jimrewa.
• Acino acid mai warkarwa warkarwa shine taurine, lysine kuma yana da alhakin tsayayyen rigakafi, kyakkyawan aiki da tasoshin tsafta. Kuma ainihin waɗannan abubuwan ne suke taimaka mana farkawa kowace safiya tare da murmushi da yin manyan abubuwa (da kyau, ko aƙalla ƙoƙarin yin su).

Idan kun haɗa da squir ɗaya (zai fi dacewa 2-3) a cikin abincinku na mako, kayansa masu amfani ba zai gushe suna faranta muku rai ba. Haka kuma, yawan mollusk din da yake ci bashi da sabani - kawai a cikin abubuwan da aka keɓance shine “rashin haƙuri”.

200-300 grams na abin da ake ci kuma mai sauƙin digewa a jiki ...

Squids, ba shakka, ba zomaye ba ne, kuma ba wanda ya rubuta wakoki mai ban dariya, labarin bayani game da su. Amma wannan ba zai rage duka darajar da amfanin abincin teku ba: kifi mai fuka-fukai shine ingantaccen tsarin abinci da kayan wasanni. Haka kuma, idan aka kwatanta su da kayan abinci, abincin turkey da fararen kifaye masu kyau, daskararren daskararren abinci yana da ƙanƙanta da farashi mai kyau, kuma kowa na iya samun wadataccen abinci tare da abincin abincin teku.

Ana iya haɗa squids a cikin kowane, har ma da mafi yawan abincin abinci - kalori abun da ke cikin nama shine kusan 95 kcal, soyayyen ƙwanƙwasa da bushewar ƙoda sun yi ƙiba. Wannan tasa cikakke ne ga athletesan wasa - furotin ya cika daidai kuma yana taimakawa wajen gina tsoka.

Idan kun kasance cikakke a cikin ingantaccen cin abinci da kuma ƙarancin abincin mai-ƙarancin kuzari, zaɓinku a fili shine Boyayyen itace. Kalori abun ciki na Boiled squid ne kawai game da 100 kcal a 100 g, kuma kawai ba za ku iya ƙidaya zaɓuɓɓukan dafuwa tare da su ba! Kuna iya haɗar da kayan abincin teku wanda aka shirya tare da shinkafa da, sabo ne tumatir, da cucumbers, feta cuku da feta cuku, zucchini mai gasa har ma da 'ya'yan itace.

Asiri na dafa abinci: yadda ake tsabtacewa kuma nawa ne dafa?

Me zan iya dafa tare da squid? Kowane abinci na ƙasa yana magance wannan matsalar ta hanyarsa: Italiyanci suna shirya pizza da taliya irin abincin abinci, Girkawa sun cika kwandon shara tare da shinkafa, Thais yana dafa miya mai ɗanɗano tare da squid, kuma a cikin yawon shakatawa na Andalusia za a kula da su don yaji mai yaji tare da squid, kayan lambu da ganye.

Amma duk waɗannan magudanun na dafuwa suna da wani abu gama gari - kafin shirya kowane "abincin abincin teku", kuna buƙatar cire duk abin da ke cikin jikin kifin - dutsen, kayan ciki da fata. Yadda za a tsabtace squids don ku ciyar a matsayin ƙarancin jijiyoyi da lokaci a cikin kitchen-wuri?

Hanya mafi sauki kuma mafi inganci don al'amuran abinci shine bambancin wanka. Mun sanya kwantena biyu - fanko kuma tare da ruwan sanyi (don mafi kyawun sakamako, zuba yanki kankara a ciki), kusa da wuraren shayi tare da ruwan zãfi kuma shirya gawawwakin kansu.

Idan murfin yana tare da kan, da farko a datsa kai da kantin, a matse bakin sai a jefar da shi. Idan gawa ba ta da kanwa, nan da nan za mu fitar da chitin chord da insides (don saukakawa, zaku iya juya kifin da aka fika a ciki). Sa'an nan kuma mun sanya squid a cikin farantin, zuba tafasasshen ruwa, sanya shi a cikin colander - kuma nan da nan cikin kankara.

Bayan irin wannan shawa, kwas ɗin squid ya kamata ya ja da kuma cirewa daga naman ba tare da matsala ba. Zai fi dacewa a cire fim ɗin a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu, shafa gawa don a cire fata gaba ɗaya.

Wani ɓoye - har yaushe za ku dafa kifayen kifi? Don mollusk mai ƙanshi ba ya juya ya zama roba mai ɓoyewa, yawancin chefs suna ba da shawarar dafa shi don minti 3-4 - ko 30-40. A lamari na biyu, samfurin zai rasa elasticity, amma zai zama mai taushi sosai!

Chefs na zamani suna ba da shawarar wata hanya - ruwa mai tafasa, jefa maɗaurin zoben (zobba, maɗaura ko gawa) a ciki kuma kashe wuta kai tsaye. Bayan minti 12, saka abincin a cikin colander, sannan sai a kwantar a cikin miya mara laima.

Yadda za a gane squid waje?

Matsakaicin matsakaicin tsayin tsinkakken jikin tsinkayar 50 centimeters. Individualaya daga cikin mutum na iya kimanta kilo ɗaya da rabi, yayin da mace take ƙasa da maza. Launin jiki yana da launin toka da launin toka. Fins suna gefen bangarorin jikin - akwai su biyu a cikin squid na al'ada. Sabili da haka, lokacin da ƙusoshin suke cikin daidaitaccen yanayi, jikin yana ɗaukar kamannin rhombus.

Kusa da bakin, a cikin da'ira, akwai tanti 10 da ke sanye da kofuna masu tsotsa. Kuma a cikin rigar dabba akwai jakar tawada ta musamman wacce squid ke amfani da ita idan akwai haɗari.Lokacin da clam yana buƙatar ɓoyewa cikin hanzari daga abokan gaba, kawai yana sakin tawada kuma yana birgima daga mai bi, yana barin ta cikin girgije baƙi.

Gidajen squid

Yankin gabashin yankin arewacin tekun Atlantika (daga gabar yammacin Afirka zuwa yankin Tekun Arewa) cike yake da yawan squid, ƙari da wannan, ana samun wannan dabbar a cikin Adriatic da Rum.

Zurfin wannan dabba ya kai mita 100, amma, lura da mollusk din ya nuna cewa zai iya rayuwa a zurfin nisan mita 400 zuwa 500! Ilasa ta fi son muddy ko yashi.

Rayuwar dabbobi

Squids sune mollus na ƙaura, suna tafiya da nisa don neman abinci. Ba za a iya kiran squid ko dai guda ɗaya ko garken dabbobi ba, saboda akwai duka biyun mutane masu rai da kuma babban rukuni. Idan squid ya hallara a rukuni kuma ya zauna tare, to, suna farauta tare.

Dwarf squid-alade (Helicocranchia pfefferi) ya sami suna don gangar jiki mai siffa da kuma “kankanin-piglet”, wanda a zahiri hoto ne

Yawancin lokaci, zurfin mazaunin ruwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa na squid talakawa ya kasance daga mita 20 zuwa 50, duk da haka, don mafi yawan ɓangaren, zurfin mazaunin ya dogara da lokacin shekara: a cikin watanni na lokacin rani, mollusk yana iyo kusa da ruwa, kuma a cikin hunturu ya shiga zurfin.

Squid sau da yawa yana iyo a hankali, yana yin raƙuman ruwa mai kyau tare da ƙashin kansa, amma, idan ya cancanta, zai iya haɓaka mai girma: don wannan, yana fara haɗuwa da tsokoki, ta haka yana ɗaukar ɗimbin ruwa a ƙarƙashin mayafin, to, ta zubar da ruwa mai sauri, yana fitar da sauri jikinka yayi gaba.

Abincin squid

Squid maƙaryaci ne. Tushen "teburin cin abincinsa" shine kifi. Amma squid baya ƙin ɓarnar katako, tsutsotsi na polychaete, kazalika da sauran wakilai na aji na cephalopod mollusk. Masana ilimin kimiyya sun rubuta har ila yau.

Tsarin kama abinci shine kamar haka: tare da tanti biyu, squid ya kama wanda aka azabtar, ya kashe shi da gubarsa. Bayan “abincin” da ba a hana shi ba, dabbar ta fara da tsare-tsarenta, ba da sauri don tsage abubuwa daga wanda aka azabtar ba kuma ta ci su.

Shellfish kiwo

Nan da nan bayan ƙarshen lokacin hunturu, farawar squid ya fara. Kiwo shine halittar masonry kwai, wanda yayi kama da tsiran alade. Squids suna haɗe da masonry a kan duwatsun da ba za a iya mutuwa ba, kuma wani lokacin ɓarkewar mollusks na teku. Sau da yawa, kwanciya-kwanciya yakan faru ne a zurfin mita 30.

Haƙiƙa, squids, sabanin katako, ko dorinar ruwa, ba sa neman ɗaukar mace, ƙoƙarin ɗaukar launuka da kare ɓangaren ƙasa mai kyau daga masu fafatawa, kuma ba nuna girman kai nuna fasasshen sassan jikinta ba, suna kangewa don shiri don dogon aiki.

Babban halayyar tsari shine yadda squids ke haifarwa, saurin aiki da kuma aiki, babu wata ma'ana, kawai wani ɗan gajeren taro ne don isar da cikakkun bayanan matsi - maniyyi. Yankin squid na faruwa ta amfani da bututu na musamman wanda ke ɗauke da maniyyi, tsawon sa na iya bambanta daga santimita zuwa mitim. Spermatophore wata na'ura ce mai rikitarwa kamala, sanye take da na'ura mai iya fitar da karfi, gashi mai hankali, gawurtaccen ɓoyayyen yanayi da kuma irin “bututu” da ke kwantar da hankali.

Da farko dai, maniyyi yana cikin jakar maza kuma ana tura shi ga mace yayin saduwa da azzakari ko hannun da aka gyara, sanye take da wasu takaddama na musamman waɗanda ke ba da ƙarfi. A jikin jikin mace akwai wurin sanya maniyyi, ya danganta da nau'in squid zai iya zama membrane bakin, rami a yankin a ƙarƙashin baki ko a bayan kai, ciki na alkyabbar ko kuma gulmar.Bayan ya rabu da “kaya”, sai namiji ya bar budurwarsa kuma baya shiga cikin haihuwar haihuwa, wani lokacin daga lokacin da isar da maniyyi zuwa maniyyin, tsawon lokaci yakan wuce. Yana iya cewa dads na kananan squids sun dade da mutuwa lokacin da aka haife su, saboda namiji bashi da ma'ana kuma yana iya amsar maniyyi ga mace, har sai ta kai ga balaga, kuma ba ta da ikon ɗauka.

Da zaran an cire maniyyi daga jikin mace kuma yana rataye da jikin mace, toshewarta ta shiga cikin ruwan teku, sakamakon abin da yake sawa gashi ya fashe da bakin ciki, yana tsokanar abin da ake kira da maniyyi na maniyyi.

Ruwa yana shiga cikin maniyyi kuma yana haifar da matsin lamba a lokacin bazara, wanda kuma shine harsashin ciki na na'urar kayan yaudara kuma ta tsage. Guguwar zahiri ta tashi ta kuma fitar da gabobin jikin ta a bayan kanta, amma a lokaci guda “bututun” yana jawo, yana saki manne wanda ya amintar da jakar maniyyin a fatar mace.

Ya juya cewa maniyyi yana shirye don tsabtacewa kuma ya kasance yana jira har sai mace ta yanke shawarar haihuwar offspringan, wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, yakan faru sau ɗaya kawai a cikin rayuwar squids. Idan mace mai yawan jima'i ne, ba da jimawa ba za ta jefa ƙwai da za su shuɗe kusa da maniyyin da ke haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin. Lokacin sanya na'urar a bayan kai, yin amfani da abu yana faruwa ta hanyar bude wayoyi a cikin wuyan wuyansa, amma takaddara takaddara a kowane yanayi.

Saboda haka, da yawa dozin ƙwai an dage farawa cewa mace na iya ɓoye a cikin wani wuri ɓoye, alal misali, a tsakanin maɓuɓɓugan alkama masu yawa. Koyaya, saurin huɗun yakan faru ne a ƙasan, inda aka tara squid, abubuwa da yawa kuma na kunci da ƙwai yana kama da babban katako.

A mafi yawan jinsunan, ƙananan lardin suna kama da iyayensu nan da nan bayan haihuwa, amma a cikin watanni 2, ƙananan squids suna canzawa a waje kuma suna zama mahalarta masu yin jima'i a cikin jerin ƙwayar maniyyi mara iyaka.

Af, har yanzu akwai asiri a cikin haihuwar wasu nau'ikan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, alal misali, ba a sami maza a cikin nau'in squoked ba, duk da haka, hadi tare da taimakon maniyyi yana faruwa, kuma an sanya kayan cikin babban sashi akan ciki, wanda mace ba ta iya cika tare da beak.

Mazaunan teku masu zurfin teku ba su cikin hanzarin bayyana sirrinsu ga mutum ba, zaku iya sanin yadda yaduwar squid ke faruwa, amma ba zaku iya tunanin menene yasa wannan jinsin halittar cephalopods ke haifar da zuriya ba tare da nuna karamar tausayin juna ba.

Abincin squid

Dafa abinci na squid tsari ne mai kirkirar gaske, ana iya fahimtar wannan girke-girke iri iri tare da kifayen kifi, wanda ke ba da kowane irin kayan dafa abinci da kuma hanyoyin samun abinci. Squid zobba a batter da kuma breading, cushe squid da abun ciye-ciye Rolls, soya da kebabs, salads da miya, taliya da pizza, pies da meatballs, squid julienne har ma paella tare da cin abincin teku - daga abinci na yau da kullun zuwa fitattun kayan abinci.

Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa girke-girke da yawa suna ba da nasu zaɓi kan yadda za a dafa squids, ban da hanyar gargajiya na dafa su.

Salatin bazara tare da calamari, seleri da zaituni

Kuna buƙatar: kilogiram 0.5 na squid, sulusin gilashin, guda 3 na shallots (ko albasarta na yau da kullun), teaspoon na lemon zest, gishiri da ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami don miya.

Ku yanka gawawwakin cikin zobba, sandunan cikin gwanayen. Jefa murfin a cikin ruwan zãfi na minti daya, sannan a cikin ruwan kankara - kuma a cikin colander. Yayin da squid ɗin ya bar ruwa mai yawa, sara da zaitun da albasa a cikin ƙananan zobba. Haɗa tare da grated zest, miya, sannan ƙara squid.

Gasa squid tare da namomin kaza a ƙarƙashin cuku cuku

Da ake buƙata (don servings 2): 300 grams na squid, albasa ɗaya, 100 grams na sabon gwanayen ko fari, 300 grams na kirim mai tsami, 100 grams na mozzarella, barkono da gishiri don dandana.

Sanya yankakken albasa a cikin mai mai zafi na minti 2-3, ƙara namomin kaza, dafa don wani mintuna 3. A cikin wani kwanon rufi, toya squid, a yanka a cikin tube, na minti 1-2. Haɗa tare da miya mai kayan albasa-cokali, kirim mai tsami, kayan yaji, canja wurin zuwa ƙananan hancin. Rufe tare da mozzarella grated kuma rufe a cikin tanda mai zafi minti 10.

Keɓaɓɓen squid tare da soya miya

Zai ɗauki (servings 2): 2 ma'auni ko ƙananan squids, 4 tablespoons na soya da cokali ɗaya na kayan kifi, na uku na barkono barkono, 1 cm, lemun tsami rabin.

Haɗa marinade: yankakken barkono da ginger, a biredi, ruwan lemun tsami. Yanke squid cikin manyan murabba'ai ko barin gawawwakin baki ɗaya (idan mollusks ƙanana ne). Cikakke a cikin marinade tsawon minti 30-50.

Jiƙa da katako skewers a cikin kankara ruwa na mintina 15, to, stringing da squids: kunna murabba'ai, soki gawa tare. Gasa ko mai zurfi-soya na minti 1-1.5. Ku bauta wa tare da kwanon shinkafa ko kowane kayan lambu.

Squids su ne mafi girma kuma mafi yawan wayoyin salula na wayar hannu a cikin zurfin teku.

A cikin yanayi, akwai nau'ikan 210 na waɗannan mollusks, girman su ya bambanta daga 0.25 zuwa mita 16.5. Wadansu daga cikinsu ana ɗaukar abincin su ne: squid (loligo) na Argentinean, Pacific, kwamandan ko Peruvian.

Wakilin cufus-goma masu dauke da makamai ana samunsu ne a cikin tekuna kuma ba a samunsu cikin ruwan gishiri.

An yi la'akari da abincin squid a matsayin mai cin abinci da abinci mai gina jiki a tsakanin abincin abincin teku. Babban abun ciki na furotin mai narkewa mai narkewa, bitamin (C, PP, B6, E) da ma'adanai (aidin, potassium, selenium, jan ƙarfe, baƙin ƙarfe, phosphorus) yana ƙaddara ƙirƙirar garkuwar jiki na halitta, yana ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi. Kari akan haka, tare da amfani da mollusk na yau da kullun, karfin jini na mutum ya zama al'ada, "mara kyau" cholesterol, gishiri mai nauyi ana cire shi, mahimmanci yana inganta, kuma yanayin motsin rai yana inganta.

Saboda kyawawan kaddarorinta, ana amfani da gawar squid da tantin don dafa abinci, soya, shan taba, bushewa, dafa abinci, tsarewa. A kan tushen su, an shirya salati, sushi, minced nama, da kuma abincin miya.

Clam din abinci yana dauke da kyau sosai ta jiki, an ba su shawarar rage cin abinci.

Siffofin Samfura

Yawancinsu suna damuwa ba kawai tare da maganganun dandano ba, har ma da ingancin samfurin. Kafin ka fara dafa abinci, zai zama da amfani idan aka bincika abubuwan fasahar: samfurin abinci mai gina jiki, abubuwa masu amfani. Amfanin kowane abincin abincin teku shine da farko a cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwa masu mahimmanci. Squid ya ƙunshi aidin, selenium, phosphorus, baƙin ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe. Kamar yadda yake da yawancin abincin teku, Omega-3 da Omega-6 mai kitse suna nan. Yawancin waɗannan mollusks da bitamin na rukuni B, C, E, PP.

Amma babban darajar, watakila, ya ta'allaka ne a cikin babban abun ciki na furotin, wanda kusan jiki ya kwashe shi. Nama mai squid yana da furotin na 20%, mai 2.2% mai da carbohydrates 2%. Calorie abun ciki na samfurin shine 122 kcal.

Squids a cikin abinci na duniya

Abu ne mai sauki ka iya hango wadanne kasashe ne suka fi son wannan kayan. Tabbas, waɗanda suke rayuwa a bakin teku-teku. Kayan abinci na ƙasa na ƙasashen gabashin Gabas ba za a iya ɗaukar su ba tare da samfuran kamar squid tare da shrimps, mussel, octopuse. Abincin teku da

Su kuma waɗanda suke zaune kusa da ruwa mai zurfi suna ƙaunar squids. Kuma duk saboda wannan samfurin an adana shi daidai kuma ana jigilar shi daskararre, kuma baya rasa dandano.

Iri iri

Squids dabbobi ne masu ƙyalƙyali waɗanda kan kasance cikin ajin dabbobi masu fafutuka. A cikin duniya akwai wasu nau'ikan squid.

A cikin hanyar masuntan masunta na Rasha, an fi kama kwamandan squid - mollusk na matsakaici (kusan 20-30 cm tare da shinge).Yawancin lokaci yana da launin fatar launin toka-ruwan hoda da farin nama. Yawancin lokaci yana kan siyarwa ba tare da kai da tanti ba.

Loligo nau'in halitta ne wanda ya shahara sosai a Turai. Yayi kama da Kwamandan squid, kuma suna kama shi ba kawai a cikin teku ba, har ma a tekuna - Bahar Rum da Adriatic.

Ana samun squid na Pacific a Gabas ta Tsakiya; daidai ne shi wanda yawancin Jafananci da Sinawa suna amfani da shi don shirya jita-jita masu ban mamaki.

Akwai gawawwakin dusar ƙanƙara mai ruwan squid na squid a kan shelf. Ga mutane dayawa, sun fi kama da sauran jinsi. Amma squidian squid yana da fasalin peculiar - ba tare da sarrafawa da kyau ba, naman ya cika da warin ammoniya. China ce ta sayi mashigar, inda ake tsabtace gawa, sanyaya, sanyaya a cikin brine na musamman, sannan kuma a sake daskarewa. Tabbas, bayan irin wannan aiki babu wani mummunan wari, daɗin ɗanɗano samfurin ya zama mai daɗi.

Waɗannan su ne manyan nau'ikan squid, waɗanda ana wakilta kusan ko'ina. Amma akwai wani nau'in samfurin, wanda mutane da yawa suna ɗaukar daban. Wannan shine abin da ake kira squid baby. Girman gawa bai wuce kwai mai kaza ba, kuma a cikin kilogram zaka iya ƙidaya jarirai da dozin da rabi (yayin da squid cikakken cike yake da nauyin kilo kilo ɗaya). Amma wannan ba karamar matsala bane kwata-kwata, amma ci gaban matasa, wanda a cikin yanayin muhallinsa yakan tashi zuwa saman kuma ya shiga cikin masunta. Baby yana da dandano mai ƙanshi kuma mara ƙarancin nama. Ana iya amfani dashi a girke-girke iri ɗaya kamar squids na yau da kullun.

Yardawar Samfurin

Ana amfani da squids don shirya nau'ikan jita-jita iri-iri: appetizers, salads, gravy, biredi. Boyayyen shinkafa, taliya, taliya da noodles masu kyau suna dacewa da su azaman gefen abinci.

Squids suna jituwa tare da sabo da kuma gasa kayan lambu, tafasasshen qwai da omelettes, kyawawan namomin kaza, zaituni, ganyayen matasa, ganye na teku. Akwai adadi mai yawa na girke-girke wanda ake amfani da katako, jatan lande, kifi, caviar tare da squids - a takaice, duk abin da teku ta gabatar wa mutum.

Kayan ado

Yawancin lokaci suna kasancewa a cikin shigo da kasar, amma wani lokacin “cikakken saiti” shima ana kan siyarwa. Yana da kyau a fahimci cewa dangane da dandano da tsarinsu ba su da ban sha'awa kamar na octopuses, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin manoman kifi suka raba su nan da nan. Amma, kamar yadda suke faɗa, a cikin rashin kifi ...

Ba sau da yawa haka a ƙasarmu zaka iya ganin kwano da aka yi kwalliyar da tantuna. Sabili da haka, zaka iya amfani da wannan kwatancin lafiya don dalilai na kayan ado. Yawancin lokaci ana yanke alfarwar a cikin yanki ko kuma cubes kuma a shimfiɗa a saman tasa. An dafa su kamar gawa.

Yankan farko

Kamar yadda muka riga muka gano, squids dabbobi ne masu halin dabbobi. Amma a cikin jikinsu yana dauke da wani nau'in '' kwari mai karfi '', wadanda sune sikelin kwarin ciki. Suna kama da allurai masu saƙa. Kafin dafa abinci, dole ne a cire su.

Idan ka sayi squid mai cikakken baki, yanke kanka da idanu da tantuna. Cire insides din. Ba a cinye idanu da bakin baki. Yanke farfajiyar sama daga gindi.

Idan gawawakin an lullube su da fata, shafa su da wani ruwa mai tafasasshen ruwa, sannan a tsoma su cikin ruwan sanyi - komai zai kasance cikin sauki.

Yadda za a dafa squid?

Mutane da yawa sun sani, amma har yanzu muna tunawa: waɗannan murfin ana dafa su da sauri! Loda gawa a cikin ruwan zãfi mai sanyi kuma gano daidai minti 2. Da zaran bugun kiran ya kai ga kewaya ta biyu, cire shi yayi sanyi.

Siffar squid mai narkewa tayi kama da roba mai ƙarancin gaske, kuma ba kowane kwalliyar Rum ko Far Far.

Salatin Neptune

Sliced ​​Boiled squid ne mai kyau zaɓi ga yawa salads.

Amma mafi mashahuri, watakila, ana iya kiran salatin "Neptune." Wannan kawai cin nasara ne. Don shirye-shiryensa, ana amfani da nau'ikan kayan lambu guda 1-2 da kayan abincin teku. A matsayin tushen kayan lambu, zaku iya amfani da kabeji na Beijing, barkono kararrawa, leek daji, alayyafo, kukis.Ya kamata '' marine '' ya kasance mai yawa a matsayin kayan lambu. A gare ta, dafaffen jatan lande, mussel da squid, sandunansu, caviar, anchovies sun dace. Yawanci, irin waɗannan salatin suna da ma'ana tare da mayonnaise, amma zaka iya dafa miya mai lafiya da taɗi mai daɗi. Haɗa 2 tbsp. l yogurt na halitta ba tare da dandano ba, daidai adadin mai mai mai, ƙara ƙara yankakken dill ganye (1-2 tsp) da dropsan saukad da ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami.

Shin zai yiwu a gasa squid a cikin tanda?

Ba haka ba da daɗewa, girke-girke na “piglets” da aka yi daga gawawwakin squid ya sami karɓuwa. Don wannan girke-girke, squid na yara cikakke ne kawai, saboda kafin yin bautar ba za ku ma yanke da tasa cikin rabo ba.

Kamar yadda minced nama amfani cuku, gida cuku, namomin kaza, shinkafa ko mashed dankali. Zaka iya shirya kwano a hanya mai zuwa.

Yanke albasa a cikin kananan guda, kuma a dafa biyu daga karas a kan grater mai kyau. Stew kayan lambu tare, zuba 100 g namomin kaza, kawo shirye. Haɗa tare da shinkafa Boiled (1 kofin). Idan ana so, zaku iya ƙara ƙwai 2-3 na tafasasshen, yankakken.

Gawarwakin 8-10 na tsafta, kurkura, yanke wutsiya. Fara tare da cakuda-kayan lambu shinkafa da wuri a kan kayan ado. Yi kunnuwa da hanci daga huhun wutsiya, kuma da taimakon cloves ko barkono, tsara idanu. Sa mai "piglets" tare da mayonnaise kuma aika zuwa gasa na kwata na awa daya. Cushe squid ne mai kyau da kuma dadi tasa.

Soyayyen squid zobba

Wannan sigar cin abinci babban zaɓi ne don taro tare da abokai. Ya zama cikakke tare da giya ko farin giya. Amma mafi mahimmanci, za ku ɓata lokaci kaɗan da ƙoƙari don shirya irin wannan magani. Squids suna da daɗi da sauƙi shirya, kawai kuna buƙatar sanin wasu abubuwa.

Yanke gawa cikin zobba. Sanya kowane zobe na farko a gari, sannan a cikin kwan kwaya, sannan a fasa. Toya a cikin mai mai mai tsawon minti 1.5 a kowane gefe. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da fryer mai zurfi.

Kama

Shin kun san abin da squid yake cikin Koriyanci? Wannan mai cin abincin yana shahara a duk faɗin duniya, kuma yana da sauƙin sauƙaƙe shi.

Grate 100 g karas, gishiri tare da gishiri teku kuma bari tsayawar. Yanke albasa a cikin rabin zobba, toya a cikin mai da sanyi. Yanke Boiled squid (600 g) cikin zobba, Mix tare da kayan lambu, ƙara 40 ml na soya miya. Idan kanason yaji, sai a ringa sanyawa zobba mai zafi da albasa tafarnuwa. Ya kamata a ba da kwano don akalla awanni 12.

Ba don rauni na zuciya: Dancing Squid

Kun taɓa tafiya Japan? Idan wannan shine farkon ka zuwa can, yi hankali a gidajen abinci na gida. Misali, Dancing squids shine abincin da akafi so daga mazaunan Land of Rising Sun, amma yana iya girgiza mutumin da bai saba dashi ba. Labari ne game da yankan squid (kai, idanu da alfarwar), zaune a saman tasa. Mai dafa abinci kai tsaye a baƙi yana zuba miya a kai, saboda wanda squid ya fara “rawa”. Bayan an yi rawa, an yanke wa ɗan kwaba kwalla kuma an ci.

A zahiri, squid a lokacin "rawa" bashi da rai, alfarwar ta motsa kawai saboda halayen sunadarai. Amma ba kowa ne yake son wannan kallon ba. Ee, da raw alfarma, ma.

Squids a cikin menu na yara da abinci

Yawancin iyaye mata suna damu da tambayar yaushe ne za su gabatar da jariri ga abincin abincin teku. Masana ilimin abinci sun yarda cewa kodayake squid wani samfuri ne mai sauƙin sikari, yana da kyau a gabatar dashi cikin abincin bayan shekaru uku.

Kalori adadin kuzari, kaddarorin, abubuwan da ke cikin manyan abubuwan gina jiki suna jan hankalin 'yan wasa. Ga waɗanda suke samun horo ta hanyar samun ƙarfin ƙwayar tsoka, wannan samfurin mai arzikin furotin ba zai yiwu ba.

Squids kuma suna da kyau sosai ga abincin da ake samu na murmurewa marasa lafiyar da suka yi tiyata, da kwatancen magani, da cututtuka na dogon lokaci. Wannan samfurin yana taimakawa wajen dawo da ƙarfi, sabunta jini, yaƙi da gubobi. Babban dandano kuma ba zai yi ba sai murna.

Squids (lat. Teuthida) - ɓarke ​​ɓarnatattun ƙwayoyin bakin mahaifa.Yawancin lokaci suna da 0.25-0.5 m a cikin girman, amma manyan gilasai na halittar Architeuthis na iya isa mita 20 (gami da tanti) kuma sune manyan hanyoyin motsa jiki.

A cikin manyan kantuna, squid masana'antu wanda ke yin nauyin gram 800 shine galibi ana samun sa. Sashin da ake ci shi ne sutturar da ke tattare da dukkan gabobin jikinta, kai da kuma mazaunin alfarwansu a ɓoye.

An ci squids a tsohuwar jihohin Girka da Rome. Kayan abinci daga gare su sune ɗayan shahararrun tsakanin sauran abincin abincin teku. A cikin Vietnam, squid bai shahara kamar kyanwa da jatan lando, an yi amfani da su sosai a nan kusan kwanan nan.

Naman squid, ya daskare sau da yawa, yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci da ƙamshin tsohuwar daskararren kifi, daskararru da kuma creeps fita yayin dafa abinci. Kafin ka sami gawa squid, kimanta kamantarsa. Ya kamata ya zama mai yawa, kwasfa na sama - ruwan hoda, ɗan ƙaramin launin ruwan hoda ko launin ruwan kasa, amma nama mai squid - fari kawai. Idan rawaya ce ko shunayya, squid ya sake yawan toshewa. Idan baku shakku game da waɗanne gawa su zaba ba - gyada ko a'a, ɗauki na ƙarshe. Tabbas, don tsaftace squid gabaɗaya, an riga an ƙosar da shi a ƙalla sau biyu.

Kalori squid

Squid babban samfurin furotin ne wanda ke da adadin kuzari na 92 ​​kcal a kowace 100 g nama mai tsabta. A cikin 100 g na Boiled squid - 110 kcal, kuma a cikin 100 g na soyayyen squid - 175 kcal. Kyau da busassun squids suna da mafi yawan adadin kuzari - 242 kcal da 263 kcal, bi da bi. Yin amfani da squid mai yawa a cikin wannan tsari na iya haifar da kiba.