Masana kimiyyar kere-kere sun kasa kokarin koyo game da wannan babbar duniyar duniyar wanda ko da hasken rana ba ya shiga, wanda, sabanin ra'ayin da aka rigaya aka samu na fanko, baya gushewa yana mamakin bambancin halittu masu rai. Daya daga cikin wadannan halittu masu ban mamaki shine tsutsa mai tsayin mita uku, yana zaune a kasan tekun.
A cikin ruwan dumi na tekun Pacific da Indiya a zurfin 10-40 m zaku iya samun tsutsa masu launin shuɗi na Ostiraliya, an san shi da kimiyya a ƙarƙashin sunan Latin Eunice aphroditois. Wani suna ya fito daga kalmar Ingilishi zuwa bobbit (“shred”, “cut”).
Wannan tsutsar tsintsiya madaurinki daya ta kai tsawon mita 3, yayin da ya rage sosai, kauri daga halittar gaba daya bai wuce santimita 2.5 ba.
Tsutsa tsutsotsi tana jagorantar rayuwa mai tsabta. Dukkan jikinsa a ɓoye yake, kansa kawai wani lokacin kansa yakan hau saman bene yana neman ganima. Tsutsotsi suna bincika wanda aka azabtar tare da taimakon eriyar chitin, kuma tana amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan shinge na chitinous don kama ta. Tushen abincin shine kifi, crustaceans, cephalopods da sauran rayuwar marine
Yadda tsutsa take kashewa (bidiyo):
Farauta da mafarauta da dare. An bayyana shari'ar da ba ta da matsala lokacin da tsutsotsi suka faɗo cikin manyan ramuka kuma na dogon lokaci ya haifar da lalacewar cikin motar, ba a kula da shi ba. Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun shine shari'ar a cikin 2009 a British Blue Reef Aquarium. Baƙon da ba a tantance shi ba an gano shi ne kawai bayan mutuwar tsawon lokacin da ba a san adadin rya da murjani ba.
Alamomin waje na tsutsotsi masu launin shuɗi.
Girman girma ga mafi yawan tsutsotsi masu launin shuɗi na Ostiraliya sun haɗu daga ƙafa biyu zuwa 2-4, amma sun haɗu da girma zuwa ƙafa 10. Babu tabbataccen tabbaci cewa manyan samfuran waɗannan tsutsotsin ruwan sun kai tsawon ƙafa 35-50.
Tun karni na sha tara, masana kimiyya sun karɓi nau'in E. aphroditois a matsayin ɗayan wakilai mafi tsayi tsakanin tsutsotsi na polychaete. Suna girma cikin sauri, kuma karuwar girman yana iyakance kawai ta hanyar wadatar abinci. Samfurori tsawon lokacin da aka samu nisan mita uku a cikin ruwan Iberian Peninsula, Australia da Japan.
Launi na tsutsa mai launin shuɗi na Australiya ana iya sani mai duhu lilac launin ruwan kasa ko ruwan hoda mai ruwan shuɗi, kuma yana da launuka masu ban sha'awa. Kamar yadda yake cikin sauran tsutsotsi na wannan rukunin, farin zoben ya zagaye sashi na hudu na jikin.
Tsarin tsutsa mai launin shuɗi na Ostireliya an binne shi a cikin yashi ko tsakuwa, yana ɓoye kansa kawai tare da ɗakunan eriyoyi guda biyar-biyar kawai daga gurbin. Wadannan abubuwa guda biyar, kamar bead da bandir form, suna dauke da masu karbar sinadarai masu daukar hoto wadanda ke tantance kusancin wanda abin ya shafa.
Ja da baya zuwa raminsa kusa da tsutsa yana faruwa nan da nan a cikin sauri sama da mita 20 a sakan. Tsutsa mai launin shuɗi na Ostiraliya ana bambanta shi da hadaddiyar muƙamuƙin ja da baya, ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i daga fararen faranti guda ɗaya waɗanda ke saman ɗayan. Abin da ake kira "jaws" suna da ma'anar kimiyya - 1 nau'i biyu na mandibles da nau'i-nau'i na maxillas. Babban ƙugiya da aka ƙulla shi ne ɓangare na maxilla. Hanyoyi guda biyar da aka cire - kwandon shara sun ƙunshi masu karɓa mai hankali. Tsutsa mai launin shuɗi-Ostireliya tana da idanu biyu 1 a gindin antennae, amma ba su taka babbar rawa wajen kama abinci ba. Bobbit - tsutsa tsutsotsi ne, amma idan yana jin yunwa sosai, yakan tattara abinci kusa da ramin a ramin sa.
Wadannan nau'ikan suna da kama sosai da almakashi kuma suna da iko na musamman don yanke samarwa cikin rabi. Tsutsa mai launin shuɗi ta Ostireliya ta fara saka guba a cikin wanda aka azabtar, ta lalata kayanta, sannan kuma ta tona ta.
Gina Jiki na Asalin Turawa na Australiya.
Tsutsa mai launin shuɗi-Ostireliya itace madaidaiciya abu wanda ke ciyar da ƙaramin kifi, sauran tsutsotsi, da kuma detritus, algae, da sauran tsire-tsire iri. Ya jagoranci rayuwar da ba ta sabawa da farauta da dare. Da rana tana ɓoyewa a cikin rami, amma idan yana jin yunwa, shi ma zai farauta da rana. Lokaci mai ɗaukar hoto tare da ɗaukar abin da aka kama zai iya zama kamar safar hannu tare da yatsunsu, an sanye shi da mandibles mai kaifi. Da zarar an kama ganima, tsutsayen Ostireliya ta ɓoye ta cikin rami ta tona abinci.
[shirya] Babban bayani
Wannan tsutsotsin da ba a ciki zai iya isa mita 3 a tsayi (tare da kauri daga kusan 2.5 cm). Misali, samfurin da masanan kimiyyar Jafanan suka gano yana da tsawon cm 299, wanda aka auna shine 433 g kuma yana da bangarori 673.
Tsutsa tana zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsananin zafi na Tekun Indiya da Pacific daga Gabashin Afirka zuwa Indonesia, Philippines da ma Japan.
Yana zaune a kasan, yawanci a zurfin 6 zuwa 40 m, akasari akan raƙuman murjani da lagos mara zurfi.
Launin dabba ya bambanta da yawa daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa ja da shuɗi ko shunayya.
Tsarin rayuwa da haifuwa (spawning) Eunice aphroditois kusan ba a yi karatu ba. Tsutsotsi suna girma da sauri.
[edit] Tsarin rayuwa
Yana jagorantar tsarin rayuwa. Tsutsotsi suna zaune a cikin “mink” a cikin murfin, saman farjinsa wanda kawai kansa zai hau tare da muƙamuƙi mai ƙarfi. Maharbin yana kai hari tare da babban kifi mai saurin gudu, bishiyoyi, crustaceans da sauran dabbobin ruwa masu wucewa. A lokacin farauta Eunice aphroditois ana iya sarrafa ta daga yashi zuwa 20-30 cm. Don gano ganima E. aphroditois yana amfani da eriya (antennas), abubuwa masu ƙarfi na chitin don kamawa da yanke kyallen waɗanda aka cutar. Maharbin yana cin abincinsa a cikin matsuguni. A cewar wasu rahotanni, zai iya yin ba tare da abinci ba har kusan shekara 1.
Ana farauta E. aphroditois da dare, da rana, yana ɓoyewa, ya huta.
Yaya yawan abincin hamster na iya kwashe bayan kumatunsa: bidiyo
Wakili mai ban mamaki na dangin hamster suna zaune a arewacin Siriya kuma a kudu na Turkiya: hamster Syrian (Mesocricetus auratus). Rodent yana nufin nau'in dabbobi masu rauni. A cikin muhallinsa, wadataccen abinci ba shi da tabbas, don haka, shi, kamar sauran masu shayarwa, ya koya yadda ake girka shi da ƙwarewa.
A matsakaici, maharan Siriya suna rayuwa kusan shekaru uku, kuma a wannan lokacin suna ɗaukar kimanin ton abinci. Irƙirar ɗakunan ajiya a cikin ramukarsu, suna lura da kyau cewa abincin ba ya lalacewa, yana rarrabe shi. Magabtan halitta na hamster sune mujiya da sauran masu farauta, wanda daga ciki yake ɓoyewa cikin ɓoyewar burus. Amfani da x-ray, masanan kimiyya sunyi nazari kan yadda dabba ke tafiya ta hanyar mallakarsa da kuma yadda yake ɗaukar abincinta "taskokin".
Ya juya cewa sandent ɗin ya zama mai sauƙin yanayi: yana da ikon lanƙwasa digiri 180 kuma yana ɗauka cikakke cikin rami mai kunkuntar. Abin mamaki, adadin abincin da ya yanke shawarar ɗauka tare da shi. A gaban hamster sai suka sanya kwano a ciki wanda aka sanya 'ya'yan itatuwa da kwayoyi - kusan 20 a duka. Hamster nan da nan ya fara cika kumatunsa da abinci, bai tsaya ba har sai da ya tura kusan komai a kansa. An san cewa fatar ƙugiya tana shimfiɗawa, yana ba ku damar samun takaddama ba kawai a bayan cheeks ba, har ma a cikin yankin kafadu.
Guda ɗaya kawai na 'ya'yan itace ba su dace ba, amma hamster bai so ya barshi kuma yana ɗaukar shi daidai a cikin hakora. Saboda wannan, matsar da kankataccen bututun ya juya ya zama mafi wuya fiye da yadda aka shirya, amma a kowane yanayi, dabbar ta sami nasarar kwashe duk abincin da take so a wani wuri mai aminci a lokaci guda. Yanzu, baya ga masu dabbobin, yana iya sannu a hankali ya ware hannun jari.
Yaduwar tsutsa mai launin shuɗi.
Tsutsa mai ruwan hoda ta Australiya tana zaune a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi mai zafi da ke ƙarƙashin yankin Indo-Pacific. An samo shi a Indonesia, Australia, kusa da tsibiran Fiji, Bali, New Guinea da Philippines.
Taya tsutsar ta sami irin wannan saƙar?
Dokta Terry Gosliner ne ya gabatar da sunan "Bobbit" a 1996, yana nufin batun da ya faru a dangin Bobbit. An kama Wire Lorena Bobbit ne a shekarar 1993 saboda yanke wani bangare na azzakari ga mijinta John. Amma me yasa "Bobbit"? Wataƙila saboda muƙamuƙin muƙaman ya yi kama, ko kuma saboda sashinta na waje yana kama da “madaidaicin azzakari,” yana nufin yadda wannan tsutsayen ruwan teku yake binne kansa a cikin jirgin ruwa kuma yana fallasa karamin yanki na jikin mutum don farauta. Irin waɗannan bayanan asalin asalin sunan ba su da ƙaƙƙarfan shaida. Bayan haka, Lorena Bobbitt yayi amfani da wuka a matsayin makami, kuma ba almakashi ba kwata-kwata.
Akwai wata sifa mafi sauƙin ma'anar cewa bayan an yi balaguro, mace ta yanke sashin ƙwaƙwalwar ciki kuma ta ci shi. Amma tsutsotsi na ruwan teku na Ostireliya ba su da sassan jikin da ke cikinsu. A halin yanzu, ba damuwa yadda E. aphroditois ya sami lakabi ba; an sanya nau'in cikin jinsin Eunice. Kuma a cikin gama gari, ma'anar “Bobbit tsutsa” ta kasance, wacce ke yaduwa kamar wutar daji a tsakanin mutane, tana haifar da tsoro da tsoro tsakanin jahilai.
Tsutsa mai launin ruwan hoda ta Australiya a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Hanya mafi gama gari da za'a iya lalata tsutsotsi masu launin shuɗi Australiya a cikin akwatin kifaye shine don adana su a cikin yanayin wucin gadi daga duwatsun ko ƙa'idodin murjani waɗanda suka samo asali daga yankin Indo-Pacific. Yawancin tsutsotsi masu launin shuɗi na Australiya suna rayuwa a cikin tashoshin ruwa na ruwan teku na jama'a a duniya, da kuma aquariums na wasu masu son rayuwar ruwa. Yiwuwar samun zuriya a cikin tsutsotsi na Bobbit ba su da ƙima sosai. Wadannan manyan tsutsotsi ba su da matsala a haihuwa a cikin rufaffiyar tsarin.
Yaduwa da tsutsotsi masu launin shuɗi.
Ba a san ƙarai game da kiwo da tsawon tsutsa tsutsayen launin shuɗi na Ostiraliya ba, amma masu bincike sun ba da shawara cewa haihuwar jima'i tana farawa a farkon matakin, lokacin da mutum ya kai kusan 100 mm, yayin da tsutsotsi na iya girma zuwa mita uku. Kodayake a cikin yawancin kwatancin suna nuna ƙarancin matsakaicin matsakaici - mita ɗaya da diamita na 25 mm. Tsutsotsi masu launin shuɗi na Ostiraliya yayin haifuwa suna jefa ruwa mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin kwaro cikin yanayi mai ruwa. Qwai yana hadi da maniyyi da kuma haɓaka. Worananan tsutsotsi suna fitowa daga ƙwai, waɗanda ba sa fuskantar kulawar iyaye, ciyar da girma da nasu.
Siffofin halayyar tsutsa masu launin shuɗi.
Tsutsa mai launin shuɗi Australiya wani dako ne da ke ɓoye jikinsa a ƙasan teku a rami, ya ƙunshi datti, tsakuwa ko kuma murƙanin murjani, inda yake jiran ganima. Dabbar da ke ɗauke da ƙaƙƙarfar mandibles tana kai hari a irin wannan matakin wanda jikin wanda aka yi wa rauni wani lokacin zai yanke. Wani lokacin ganyayyaki marasa iyaka sunfi girman tsutsa sau da yawa. Tsarin Bobbit yana amsa daidai ga haske. Ya yarda da kusancin kowane abokin adawa, amma, ya fi dacewa da nisantar da shi. Kar ku taɓa shi kuma cire shi daga rami, jaws mai ƙarfi na iya cutar da. Tsutsa mai launin shuɗi na Australiya na iya motsawa da sauri. Tsutsa mai launin shuɗi-Ostireliya ƙanƙane ne a cikin tsutsoshin marine.
A Japan, an samo wani tsinkaye mai tsayin mita uku na tsummbin launin shuɗi a cikin Australia a wani wurin shakatawa na teku, Kushimoto, wanda aka ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ruwan tekun. Ba a san lokacin da ya sauka a wannan wuri ba, amma tsawon shekaru 13 ya ciyar da kifi a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa. Hakanan ba a sani ba a wane mataki ne, larval ko rabin-manya, wannan samfirin ya ƙware shafin sa. Tsawon tsutsa 299 cm, nauyi 433 g, jikinsa yana da bangarori 673, hakan yasa ya zama mafi girman mutane E. aphroditois da aka taɓa samu.
A wannan shekarar, an sami tsutsotsin tsutsa mai tsayi guda ɗaya a cikin ɗayan tankuna masu launin ruwan kifaye na Blue Reef a Burtaniya. Wannan katuwar ta haifar da hargitsi na gaske a tsakanin mazauna garin, kuma sun lalata kyakkyawan samfurin. Duk tankokin da ke cikin akwatin kifayen an tsaftace su da murjani, duwatsu da tsirrai. Wannan tsutsa ta kasance ita kaɗai ce wakili a cikin akwatin kifaye. Wataƙila, an jefa shi cikin tanki, ya ɓoye a cikin murfin murjani kuma sannu a hankali ya girma zuwa babban girman a cikin 'yan shekaru. Tsutsa mai launin shuɗi Australiya ta ɓoye wani sinadarai mai guba wanda zai iya haifar da ƙima mai tsoka a cikin tsokoki na mutumin da ke tare da shi.
Idan kun sami kuskure, da fatan za selecti yanki na rubutu kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.