Filin Magnetic - wuri na al'ada akan doron kasa, wanda ana yin lamuran karfi na filin magnetic sama a wani kusurwa na 90 ° zuwa farfajiya.
Filin magriyar arewa | (2001) 81 ° 18 ′ s. w. 110 ° 48 ′ W d. H G I L L | (2004) 82 ° 18 ′ s. w. 113 ° 24 ′ W d. H G I L L | (2005) 82 ° 42 ′ s. w. 114 ° 24 ′ W d. H G I L L | (2010) 85 ° 00′00. S w. 132 ° 36′00. S d. H G I L L | (2012) 85 ° 54′00. S w. 147 ° 00′00. S d. H G I L L |
Lean kudu magnetic | (1998) 64 ° 36 ′ Y w. 138 ° 30 ′ in d. H G I L L | (2004) 63 ° 30 ′ S w. 138 ° 00 'c. d. H G I L L | (2007) 64 ° 29′49 ″ Yu w. 137 ° 41′02 ″ c. d. H G I L L | (2010) 64 ° 24′00 ″ Yu w. 137 ° 18′00. C. d. H G I L L | (2012) 64 ° 24′00 ″ Yu w. 137 ° 06′00 ″ c. d. H G I L L |
Sakamakon filin maganadisu na duniya, sandunan magnetic ba maki ba ne na abubuwan hawa.
Filin magriyar arewa
Wurin da magudin magnetic na arewa bai yi daidai da lean sanda na arewa ba. Kusan farkon karni na 17, dogayen an girke karkashin dusar kankara a cikin iyakokin kasar Arctic na yanzu. Wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa allura mai amfani da keɓaɓɓun maki zuwa arewa ba daidai bane, amma kusan.
Kowace rana, iyakacin duniya yana motsawa tare da yanayin motsawa, kuma, ƙari, yana motsa arewa da arewa zuwa saurin kilomita 10 a kowace shekara, don haka duk wani aikinshi na ɗan lokaci ne kuma ba daidai bane. Tun daga rabin karni na 20 na karni na 20, ginin yana motsawa da sauri zuwa Taimyr. A shekara ta 2009, saurin katako na arewa yayi nisan kilomita 64 a kowace shekara.
Kamar yadda shugaban dakin gwaje-gwajen geomagnetic na Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Kasa ta Kanada Larry Newitt ya ce a Ottawa a 2005, gungumen magnetic arewa, wanda "mallakar" Kanada ne aƙalla shekaru 400, "ya bar" wannan ƙasa. Filin magnetic, wanda yake da ikon motsawa, ya kasance a karkashin kankara kankara a cikin iyakokin lardin Arctic na yanzu tun daga farkon karni na 17 kuma ya wuce yanki mai nisan mil 200 na Kanada. Idan waɗannan ƙididdigar sun yi daidai, a cikin 2020 Northan asalin Magnetic Arewa ya kamata ya shiga Arctic na Rasha.
Bayani
A bisa ga al'ada, ana kiran ƙarshen magnet, wanda ke nuna alƙawarin arewa kusurwar arewa magnet, da kuma ƙarshen ƙarshen - kudu. Kamar yadda muka fada a sama, banbanci tsakanin dolan magnetic arewa da sandar arewa na duniya sakaci ne. Saboda haka, tare da wani kuskure, ana iya yin jayayya cewa komp ɗin tare da ɓangaren maɓallin shuɗin kibiya yana nuna arewa (ma'ana duka maɓallin yanki na arewa da maɗaurin arewa).
Omososhin Geomagnetic
Omososhin Geomagnetic sune wuraren da akasarin magnetic dipole (wanda shine babban ɓangaren yaduwar filin duniyar magnetic a dunkule) yana mamaye saman Duniya. Tunda magnetic dipole kawai shine kusan samfurin filin magnetic na duniya, poan tsumman geomagnetic suna da ɗan bambanci a wuri daga lesan sanda na magnetic na gaske, wanda yanayin tsinkayen yana 90 °.
Labari
1 ga Yuni, 1831 ta dan binciken Ingilishi James Ross, dan wajan Kyaftin John Ross a cikin tsibirin Kanadiya, a Butia Peninsula, a Cape Adelaide (70 ° 05′00 ″ N 96 ° 47′00 ″ W HG I OL) an gano kutse na Arewacin Duniya - yankin inda allura ta Magnetic yake a wani matsayi a tsaye, wato, tsinkayar magnetic yana 90 °. Hankalin maganadisu wanda James Ross ya nuna a wurin da aka nuna shine 89 ° 59 '. A shekara ta 1841, James Ross ya ƙudurta wurin da ke da kutse na Kudancin hemisphere na Duniya (75 ° 05′00 ″ S lat. 154 ° 08′00 ″ E H G I O L) wanda ke Antarctica, yana wuce mil 250 daga shi. Filin magnetic a cikin Kudancin Hemisphere ya fara kaiwa ga Janairu 15, 1909 ta David, Mawson, da Mackay daga balaguron E. G. Shackleton: a wani matsayi tare da daidaitawa 72 ° 25′00 ″ S. w. 155 ° 16′00 ″ in e. H G I I L L rage bambancin maganaɗisu daga 90 ° kasa da 15 '.
1831: ƙuduri na farko na aikin magnetic magnetic a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere
A farkon rabin karni na 19, anyi binciken farko na daskararrun magnetic bisa ga ma'aunai na kai tsaye na zubewar magnetic a kasa. (Tsinkaye na Magnetic - kusurwar da allurar komfuta ta karkata a ƙarƙashin tasirin filin maganaɗisu na duniya a cikin jirgin sama mai faɗi. - Lura ed.)
Jirgin Ingilan John Ross (1777-18186) ya yi tafiya a cikin Mayu 1829 a kan karamin jirgin ruwa mai suna “Victoria” a bakin tekun Ingila, ya nufi gabar tekun Arctic na Kanada. Kamar sauran gabannin ɓoye a gabansa, Ross yayi fatan nemo hanyar arewa maso yammacin teku daga Turai zuwa Gabashin Asiya. Amma a watan Oktoba na 1830, kankara ya kewaye Victoria a gefen gabashin tsibirin, wanda Ross ya kira Land of Booth (don girmama mai tallafawa balaguron, Felix Booth).
Sandia da ke cikin dusar kankara a bakin tekun Duniya, an tilasta Butia Victoria ta zama anan domin lokacin hunturu. Mataimakin kyaftin din a wannan balaguron shine ƙaramin ɗan John Ross, James Clark Ross (1800 - 1862). A wancan lokacin, ya riga ya zama wuri gama gari tare da ku a cikin irin waɗannan tafiye-tafiye duk kayan aikin da ake buƙata don lura da maganadisu, kuma James ya yi amfani da wannan. A cikin tsawon watanni na hunturu, ya yi tafiya a gefen tekun Butia tare da magnetomita kuma ya sanya abubuwan kallo.
Ya fahimci cewa faifan magnetic ya kamata ya kasance a kusa da kusa - bayan komai, allura ta Magnetic koyaushe yana nuna sha'awoyi masu yawa. Ta hanyar ƙididdigar abubuwan da aka auna, James Clark Ross ba da daɗewa ba ya san inda zan nemi wannan maƙasudi na musamman tare da madaidaiciyar hanyar filin maganaɗisu. A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 1831, shi, tare da wasu mambobin ma'aikatan jirgin Victoria, sun yi tafiyar kilomita 200 zuwa gabar tekun yamma da Butia kuma a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1831 a Cape Adelaide tare da aikin 70 ° 05 ′ s. w. da 96 ° 47 ′ W D. ne ya gano cewa yanayin magnetic ya kasance 89 ° 59 ′. Don haka a karo na farko an ƙaddara cewa daidaitawar magnetic a cikin Halin Arewa yana nufin - a takaice dai, daidaitawar gundarin kudu.
1841: determinationaukar matakan farko na daidaitawar magnetic magnetic a cikin Kudancin Hemisphere
A cikin 1840, balaguron James Clark Ross ya hau jirgi Erebus da Terror a sanannen tafiyarsa zuwa ga magnetic a cikin Kudancin Hemisphere. A ranar 27 ga Disamba, jiragen ruwa na Ross sun fara haduwa da dusar kankara kuma a ranar Sabuwar Shekarar 1841 ta tsallaka zuwa yankin Arctic Circle. Ba da daɗewa ba, Erebus da Ta'addanci sun fuskance kannun kankara wanda ya shimfiɗa daga ƙarshen zuwa ƙarshen sararin sama Ranar 5 ga Janairu, Ross ya yanke shawarar ƙarfin gwiwa don ci gaba, kai tsaye kan kankara, ya tafi gwargwadon iko. Bayan 'yan' yan awanni na irin wannan hari, jiragen ruwan ba su da izinin shiga sararin da ba su da kankara: shirya kankara ya maye gurbinsu da kannun kankara da ke warwatse nan da can.
A ranar 9 ga Janairu da safe, Ross ba tsammani ya sami kansa a gaban hanya, tekun da babu kankara! Wannan shine farkon bincikensa akan wannan tafiya: ya gano tekun, wanda daga baya aka sanya sunansa da sunan shi, Tekun Ross. A gefen dama na hanya ya kasance wani tsauni ne, dusar ƙanƙara wacce ke tilastawa jiragen ruwan Ross su tashi zuwa kudu wanda kuma da alama ba zai ƙare ba. Jirgin ruwa tare da bakin tekun, ba shakka, Ross bai rasa damar da ya samu ba don gano manyan yankuna na kudu don ɗaukakar mulkin Burtaniya, don haka aka gano Sarauniya Victoria Land. A lokaci guda, ya damu matuka cewa bakin tekun na iya zama cikas mara cikiya a kan hanyar zuwa tsakar magnetic.
A halin yanzu, halin komputar ya fara zama mara nauyi. Ross, wanda ya kware sosai a ma'aunin magnetometric, ya fahimci cewa bai wuce kilomita 800 ba ya kasance a kusurwar magnetic. Babu wanda ya kusanci shi tukuna. Ba da daɗewa ba ya bayyana cewa Ross bai ji tsoro ba a banza: gungumen magnetic yana bayyane a wani wuri a hannun dama, kuma tekun yana taurin kai jirgi ya koma nesa da kudu.
Yayinda hanyar ta kasance a buɗe, Ross bai karaya ba. Yana da mahimmanci a gare shi ya tattara akalla bayanan magnetometric-wuri a wurare daban-daban a gabar Victoria Land. A ranar 28 ga Janairu, ana sa ran balaguron ya kasance da ban mamaki mai ban mamaki ga duka tafiya: wata babbar dutsen mai fitowar wuta tayi girma a sararin sama. A samansa akwai wani girgije mai duhu wanda hayaki ya mutu, wutar da take kamawa tana juyawa daga sama. Ross ya ba da wannan dutsen mai suna Erebus, maƙwabta - wanda ya ƙare kuma ya ɗan ƙarami - ya ba da sunan Ta'addanci.
Ross yayi ƙoƙari ya kara zuwa kudu, amma ba da daɗewa ba wani hoto wanda ba a iya tsammani ba ya bayyana a gaban idanunsa: tare da duka sararin sama, inda ido zai iya gani, akwai fararen fararen fata, wanda, yayin da yake matsowa, ya zama mafi girma da girma! Lokacin da jiragen suka matso, ya bayyana sarai cewa a gabansu, a dama da hagu, wata babbar bango ce mai tsananin girman mita 50, tsauni a saman, ba tare da wani fasa a gefe tana fuskantar teku ba. Bakin gefen kantin ne, yanzu ke dauke da sunan Ross.
Gefen kantin kankara, yanzu mai suna Ross
A tsakiyar watan Fabrairu 1841, bayan tafiyar jirgin mai nisan kilomita 300 a gefen bangon kankara, Ross ya yanke shawarar dakatar da kokarin da yake na neman lalacewa. Daga yanzu, hanyar gida kawai take gaba.
Ba za a yi tunanin balaguron Ross ba ya ci nasara. Bayan haka, ya iya gwada sha'awar magnetic a wurare da yawa a kusa da tekun Victoria Land don haka ya tabbatar da matsayin madawwamin magnetic tare da babban inganci. Ross ya nuna irin waɗannan haɗin gwiwar magnetic: 75 ° 05. S. sh., 154 ° 08 ′ in. Mafi karancin tazara tsakanin jiragen ruwa na tafiya zuwa wannan wuri ya kasance kilomita 250 kawai. Matsayin Ross ne wanda yakamata a yi la’akari da shawarar farko na abin dogaro na daidaitawar magnetic magnetic a Antarctica (Poan Magnetic Arewa).
Me ke barazanar canjin poalesan ƙasa?
Da farko dai, canjin gungume zai canza yanayin duniyar mu, canjin yanayi, flora da fauna. Saboda canjin sanda da kuma motsin faranti, nahiyoyin za su fara motsawa. Dusar kankara zata fara narkewa, tana haɓaka matakin tekuna, ambaliyar yankunan bakin teku, ta hakan ƙarƙashin ruwa zai kasance babban ɓangare na ƙasar. Dusar kankara zai haifar da yanayin sanyi kuma zai tsokanar canjin canjin duniya. A Siberiya, saurukan zazzagewa za su iya fara ci gaba, kuma Afirka tana barci da dusar ƙanƙara Wasu wurare za a ambaci ruwa baki ɗaya. Tekun Bahar Rum ya kamata ya fadi, kuma Tekun Atlantika, akasin haka, zai faɗaɗa. Ci gaba tare da wasu nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai, halakar tana jira. Sakamakon motsin nahiyoyin duniya, ba a yin watsi da ginin tsauni da yawa, girgizar kasa, tsunami, da bala'i.
A bayyane yake, duk wannan ba wargi bane. Babu wanda zai iya yin hasashen daidai lokacin da ɓarkewar lamura da zai faru, amma, a fili, muna tafiya zuwa wannan cikin sauri da sauri, saboda yawan adadin bala'i sune masu hasashen faruwar wannan taron. Misali, dusar ƙanƙara a cikin UAE, ruwan sama mai yawa a cikin hamada, zafin da ba a taɓa gani ba a Ostiraliya, wanda a kwatsam ya canza zuwa ruwan sama wanda ba a taɓa tsammani ba, lokacin sanyi ne na Rasha da sauransu.
Wannan wani bangare ne yasa ake daukar Mars da muhimmanci a matsayin "sabon gida"; ba abin da zai faru a Duniya a yanzu, saboda ba a yin birgima. Magnetization din sa zai bamu damar zama a wurin ba tare da abin da yake kawo mana barazana a duniya ba. Ba za a sami motsi na faranti na lithospheric da ƙari mai yawa.
Ana son sanin komai
Muna ci gaba da nazarin batutuwan teburin umarnin Janairu. Me kuke sha'awar? tsararrunku :
"Yiwuwar samun canji a kusoshin dunkulen duniyan nan gaba. Binciken cikakkun abubuwan dake haifar da wannan tsari.
Ko ta yaya na kalli wani fim ɗin shahararren fim akan wannan batun, an harbe shi kimanin shekaru 6-7 da suka gabata.
A can, an gabatar da bayanai game da bayyanar wani yanki mai ban tsoro a Kudancin Tekun Atlantika - canji a cikin iko da rauni mai rauni. Kamar dai lokacin da tauraron dan adam din ke tashi a wannan yankin dole a kashe su saboda wayoyin lantarki su lalace.
Haka ne, kuma cikin lokaci kamar alama wannan tsari ya kamata ya faru. Har ila yau, ya yi magana game da shirye-shiryen hukumar sararin samaniya ta Turai don ƙaddamar da jerin tauraron dan adam tare da manufar yin cikakken nazarin filin duniyar magnetic. Wataƙila an riga an buga bayanan daga wannan binciken idan tauraron dan adam ya sami nasarar ƙaddamar da wannan? "
Lesan sandar magnetic ƙasa wani ɓangare ne na filin magnetic (geomagnetic) na duniyarmu, wanda aka samo ta ta gudana daga ƙarfe da narkakke da ke kewaye da sashin ƙasan duniya (a wasu kalmomin, tasirin tashin hankali a cikin ɓangaren duniyar waje yana samar da filin geomagnetic filin). An yi bayanin halayen filin magnetic duniya ta kwararar kwararar karafa a bakin iyakar fagen duniya tare da alkyabbar.
A cikin 1600, wani masanin kimiyyar Turanci, William Gilbert, a cikin littafinsa "A kan magnet, jikin magnetic da manyan maganadisu - Duniya." Ya gabatar da qasa a matsayin babbar magnet din dindindin, wanda akasarin sa bai yi daidai da yadda ake juya shi ba a duniya (kusurwa tsakanin wadannan abubuwan ana kiranta magnetic magnetic).
A shekara ta 1702, E. Halley ya kirkiri taswirar magnetic farko ta duniya. Babban dalilin kasancewar filin magnetic na duniya shine cewa cibiyar duniya ta kunshi baƙin ƙarfe mai zafi (mai ba da gudummuwar abubuwan lantarki waɗanda ke faruwa a cikin ƙasa).
Filin magnetic duniya yana samar da magnetosphere, yana shimfida kilomita 70-80 kilomita zuwa ga Rana. Yana garkame farfajiya a Duniya, yana kare cutarwa daga abubuwanda ake zargi da barbashi, kuzari mai zafi da kuma hasken rana, yana yanke yanayin yanayi.
A farkon shekarar 1635, Gellibrand ya tabbatar da cewa duniyar magnetic tana canzawa. Daga baya aka tabbatar da cewa akwai canje-canje na dindindin da gajerun gajerun sararin duniya.
Dalilin canje-canje na kullun shine kasancewar adibas ma'adinai. A Duniya, akwai yankuna wadanda gonakinta na birgima ke gurbata su da abin da ke faruwa na baƙin ƙarfe. Misali, tauraron dan adam na Kursk wanda yake a yankin Kursk.
Dalilin canje-canje na gajere a filin magnetic duniya shine tasirin "iska mai iska", i.e. aikin rafi na cajin barikin da rana ta fitar dashi. Filin magnetic na wannan kwari yana hulda da filin magnetic na duniya, "guguwar magnetic" ta tashi. Mitar da karfin guguwar magnetic ke aiki ta hanyar hasken rana.
A cikin shekarun matsakaiciyar hasken rana (sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 11.5), irin waɗannan guguwa suna tasowa cewa sadarwa ta tarwatse, kuma allurar komputa zata fara rawa "babu tsammani".
Sakamakon hulɗar da ake zargi da barbashi na "iska mai iska" tare da sararin duniya a cikin latitude na arewa abu ne "aurora borealis".
Canji a kusoshin dunƙule duniya (ƙirar magana ta magnetic, jujjuyawar turanci) yana faruwa kowace shekara dubu 11.5-12.5. Ana kuma ambata wasu alƙaluma - shekaru 13.000 har ma da shekara dubu 500 ko sama da haka, ƙuguwar ta ƙarshe ta faru ne shekaru 780.000 da suka gabata. A bayyane yake, yawan buguwa da Duniyar Magnetic Magana ba sabon abu bane na lokaci-lokaci. Duk tarihin tarihin duniyarmu, filin magnetic na duniya ya jujjuya girmanta fiye da sau 100.
Ana iya danganta zagayen dogayen duniyan (wanda ke hade da duniyar tamu da kanta) ta hanyar hawan duniya (tare da, alal misali, yanayin sauyawa na gandun daji) wanda ke shafar duk abin da yake faruwa a duniya ...
Tambayar da ta dace ta taso: lokacin jira don canji a cikin sandar magnetic duniya (sabawa filin duniyar magnetic), ko kuma motsin canji ta wani “mahimmancin” akida (a cewar wasu ka'idojin, ta mai daidaitawa).
Anyi rikodin tsarin magnetic magnetic fiye da ƙarni. Dogayen magnetic na Arewa da Kudu (NSR da SPS) koyaushe suna '' yin ƙaura ', suna motsawa daga dogayen ƙasa na ƙasa (kusurwar "kuskure" yanzu kusan digiri 8 a latitude na NSR da digiri 27 na SPS). Ta hanyar, an gano cewa sandunan Geographic na duniya suna motsawa kuma: akasin duniyar yana karkata da sauri kimanin 10 cm a kowace shekara.
An fara gano magudin Magnetic ta Arewa ne a shekarar 1831. A shekara ta 1904, lokacin da masana kimiyya suka ɗauki sikelin a karo na biyu, ya juya ga cewa ginin ya koma mil 31. Allon kompas din ya yi nuni ga dolen magnetic, bawai labarin ƙasa ba.Binciken ya nuna cewa a cikin shekaru dubun da suka gabata, ginin magnetic yana motsa wurare masu nisa a cikin hanyar daga Kanada zuwa Siberiya, amma wani lokacin a wasu hanyoyi.
Poarfin Magnetic na Earthasa ta Arewa ba ya zauna har yanzu. Koyaya, kamar kudu. Northernan Arewa ya daɗe yana yawo a cikin Arctic Kanada, amma daga shekarun 70s na ƙarni na ƙarshe ƙungiyarsa ta kama hanya bayyananniya. Tare da saurin girma yanzu ya kai kilomita 46 a kowace shekara, gungumen ya yi birgima kusan layin tsaye zuwa cikin Arctic na Rasha. Dangane da hasashen Ma'aikatar Tsarin Geomagnetic ta Kanada, har zuwa 2050 zai kasance a cikin yankin tarin tsibirin Severnaya Zemlya.
An nuna sauƙin ginin sanda ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa magnetic filin ƙasa kusa da dogayen sanda ya raunana, wanda farfesa na Farfesa na ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa, Gauthier Hulot ya kafa a 2002. Af, magnetic filin ƙasa ya raunana da kusan 10% tun lokacin da aka auna shi a cikin 30s na ƙarni na 19. Gaskiya: a cikin 1989, mazaunan Quebec (Kanada), sakamakon gaskiyar cewa iska mai lalacewa ta lalace ta hanyar ratayar maganadisu mai rauni kuma ya haifar da mummunan fashewa a cikin cibiyoyin lantarki, an bar su ba tare da haske ba na tsawon awanni 9.
Daga makarantar kimiyyar lissafi, mun san cewa wutar lantarki a halin yanzu tana wutan mai gudanarwa ta hanyar da yake gudana. A wannan yanayin, motsin cajin zai zafi da ionosphere. Abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa zasu shiga cikin yanayin tsaka tsaki, wannan zai shafi tsarin iska a tsawan kilomita 200-400, sabili da haka yanayi gaba ɗaya. Theaukar polo na magnetic zai shafi aikin kayan aiki. Misali, a tsakiyar latitude cikin watannin bazara zai yi wuya a yi amfani da hanyoyin rediyo na gajere. Hakanan za'a fasa aiki da tsarin keken tauraron dan adam, tunda suna amfani da ƙirar ionosphere, wanda a cikin sabon yanayin bazai dace ba. Masana kimiyyar halittu sun kuma yi gargadin cewa yayin da thean Magnetic na approan Arewa ke gabatowa, abubuwan da ke haifar da tashe-tashen hankula zasu karu a layin wutar lantarki na Rasha da hanyoyin sarrafa wutar lantarki.
Koyaya, duk wannan bazai yiwu ba. Learfin magnetic na arewa na iya kowane lokaci ya sauya alƙawarin motsi ko tsayawa, kuma ba za'a iya hango wannan ba. Kuma ga Kudancin therean kudu babu hasashen kace 2050 ko kaɗan. Har zuwa 1986, ya motsa sosai, amma sai saurin sa ya faɗi.
Don haka, anan abubuwa huɗun ne waɗanda ke nuna gabatowa ko tuni aka fara jujjuyawar filin kimiyyar geomagnetic:
1. Raguwar kimanin shekaru dubu biyu da dubu biyu da suka gabata, girman filin na geomagnetic,
2. Sauke raguwar karfin filin a cikin shekarun da suka gabata,
3. sharparfafa aikin ƙaura daga tsageran magnetic,
4. Siffofin rarraba layin filin magnetic, wanda ya zama yayi daidai da hoton wanda ya dace da matakin shiri na ɓoyewa.
Akwai tattaunawa mai yawa game da yiwuwar sakamakon poles na geomagnetic poles. Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban - daga kyakkyawan fata zuwa damuwa. Masu karfafa fata sun ambaci gaskiyar cewa daruruwan ragiyoyi sun faru a tarihin labarin ƙasa, amma ba zai yiwu a ƙulla alaƙa tsakanin lalacewar ɗabi'a da bala'o'i tare da waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru ba. Kari akan haka, biosphere yana da mahimman damar daidaitawa, kuma aikin inversion na iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kaɗan, saboda haka akwai isasshen lokacin isasshen don shirya canje-canje.
Batun sabanin ra'ayi ba ta cire yiwuwar fitina zata iya faruwa yayin rayuwar tsararraki na gaba kuma zai zama bala'i ga wayewar ɗan adam. Dole ne in faɗi cewa wannan ra'ayoyi da yawa na rikice-rikice marasa yawa da maganganun marasa kimiyya. Misali shi ne ra'ayin da a yayin jujjuyawar, kwakwalwar dan adam za ta samu sakewa, kwatankwacin yadda ta faru da kwamfyuta, kuma bayanan da ke cikinsu za a share su gaba daya. Duk da irin waɗannan maganganun, ƙaƙƙarfan ra'ayi yana da ƙima sosai.
Duniyar zamani ta yi nesa da wanda ke daruruwan dubban shekaru da suka gabata: mutum ya kirkiro matsaloli da yawa waɗanda suka sa wannan duniyar ta zama maras kyau, mai sauƙin hali kuma mai saurin rikicewa. Akwai dalilan yin imani da cewa sakamakon ɓarnar zai zama babbar bala'i ga wayewar duniya. Kuma cikakkiyar asarar ayyukan gidan yanar gizo ta duniya sakamakon lalacewar hanyoyin sadarwar rediyo (kuma tabbas hakan zai faru a lokacin asarar beltsin bellar) misali ne kawai na wani bala'i da ya faru a duniya. Misali, saboda lalacewar tsarin sadarwar rediyo, duk tauraron dan adam zasu kasa aiki.
Wani bangare mai ban sha'awa game da tasirin geomagnetic juzu'i a cikin duniyarmu, wanda yake da alaƙa da canji a cikin tsarin magnetosphere, ana la'akari da shi cikin ayyukansa na kwanan nan ta Farfesa V.P. Shcherbakov daga Borok Geophysical Observatory. A cikin yanayin talakawa, saboda gaskiyar cewa geomagnetic dipole yana fuskantar kusan tare da tasirin juyawa na Duniya, magnetosphere yana aiki ne azaman allon tasiri don kwararar ƙwayoyin zarra mai ƙarfi wanda ke motsawa daga Rana. A karkashin matsala, abu ne maiyuwa a ce wata karamar rijiya ta samar da wani bangare na magnetosphere a cikin matsanancin yanayin ta wanda ruwan zai iya zuwa saman duniya. Sakamakon jujjuyawar ƙasa a cikin kowane yanki na wurare masu ƙanƙantar da ƙananan wurare, za a maimaita wannan yanayin kowace rana don sa'o'i da yawa. Wato, wani sashi mai zurfi a doron kasa zai fuskanci tasirin hasken rana a kowane sa'o'i 24.
Koyaya, masana kimiyya daga NASA suna ba da shawara game da rahawar ra’ayin cewa canjin gungumen azaba na iya hana Duniya wani ɗan ɗayan maɗaukaki wanda zai kare mu daga fitowar hasken rana da sauran haɗarin cosmic. Koyaya, filin maganaɗisu na iya yin rauni ko fadada a tsawon lokaci, amma babu wata alama da zata iya ɓacewa gabaɗaya. Tabbataccen filin zai haifar da ƙara ƙarancin hasken rana a duniya, haka kuma lura da kyawawan kayan ƙoshin dabbobi a ƙananan latitude. Amma babu abin da zai faru da mai, kuma yanayi mai cike da takamaiman yana kare Duniya daga barbashin hasken rana.
Kimiyya ta tabbatar da cewa canji na dogayen sanda - daga hangen tarihin tarihin yanayin kasa - wani sabon abu ne wanda yakasance wanda yake faruwa sannu a hankali tun shekaru aru aru.
An sandunan ƙasa suma suna juyawa koyaushe a ƙasan duniya. Amma waɗannan ƙaura suna faruwa a hankali kuma suna kullun yanayi. Kwatancen duniyarmu, yana zube kamar saman, yana bayyana mazugi a kusa da gusar ecliptic tare da tsawon shekaru dubu 26, daidai da ƙaurawar dogayen ƙasa, a hankali canjin yanayi yana faruwa. Ana haifar da lalacewa ta hanyar kwararar ruwan teku wanda ke canza yanayin zafi zuwa nahiyoyi Wani abu kuma shine '' aljihun '' dogayen sanda. Amma Duniya mai jujjuyawa yar karama ce mai matukar ban sha'awa da yawan motsi, a wasu kalmomin, wani abu ne wanda bai dace ba. tsayayya da ƙoƙarin canza halayen motsinsa. Canjin yanayi kwatsam a cikin ginin duniya kuma, duk da haka, '' yakar '' ba zai haifar da shi ba ta hanyar motsin ciki na magma ko kuma ma'amala tsakaninta da duk wata duniyar da ke kusa da ita.
Irin wannan lokacin rikice-rikice na iya faruwa ne kawai tare da tasirin tasirin asteroid tare da girman aƙalla kilomita 1000 a diamita, kusanci Duniya da saurin kilomita 100 / Aari mafi haƙiƙanin haƙiƙa ga rayuwar ɗan adam da duk duniyar da ke raye a duniya shine canjin sandar geomagnetic. Filin magnetic duniyarmu, wanda ake lura dashi yau, yana da kama da wanda zai haifar da babban kuzarin magnet wanda aka sanya shi a tsakiyar Duniya, da ke gefen layi-kudu. Preari madaidaiciya, yakamata a sanya shi saboda itsarfin Magnetic na Arewa yana fuskantar Kudancin Southan kudu da Kudancin Magnetic ta Kudu yana fuskantar Arewa Geographic.
Koyaya, wannan yanayin ba kullun bane. Nazarin shekaru ɗari huɗu da suka gabata sun nuna cewa dogayen lafazi suna tawakkali da takwarorinsu na yanki, suna juyawa da misalin digiri goma sha biyu a kowane ƙarni. Wannan darajar tayi daidai da yanayin hawa na yanzu a cikin babban fifikon kilo mita goma zuwa talatin a cikin shekara. Baya ga ragin da aka yi a hankali na sandunan magnetic kusan kowace shekara dubu dari biyar. Yin nazarin halayen paleomagnetic na duwatsun rayuwa daban-daban ya ba da damar masana kimiyya su yanke hukuncin cewa lokacin da irin wannan ɓarna ɗin na magnetic ya ɗauki shekaru dubu biyar. Babban abin mamaki ga masana kimiyyar dake binciken rayuwar Duniya shine sakamakon bincike na magnetic Properties na lava wanda ke tazarar kusan kilomita kilomita, wanda ya zubar shekaru miliyan 16.2 da suka gabata kuma kwanannan aka same shi a gabashin hamada na Oregon.
Binciken, wanda Rob Cowie daga Jami'ar California a Santa Cruz, da kuma Michelle Privot daga Jami'ar Montpelier, sun sami kyakkyawar fahimta game da ilimin kimiyar ƙasa. Sakamakon da aka samu na magnetic Properties na dutsen mai fitad da wuta mai zurfi ya nuna cewa ƙananan rukunin ya ƙarfafa a matsayin matsayi na dogayen, tushen ya kwarara - lokacin motsa gungume, kuma, a ƙarshe, babba na sama - a kishiyar gaba. Duk wannan ya faru kwana goma sha uku. Binciken Oregon ya sa ya yiwu a yarda cewa dolen duniya yana iya canza wurare sama da shekaru dubu da yawa, amma makonni biyu kacal. A ƙarshe lokacin da wannan ya faru ne game da ɗari bakwai da tamanin da dubu da suka wuce. Amma ta yaya wannan zai yi mana barazana? Yanzu magnetosphere yana rufe duniya da nisan nisan mil dubu sittin kuma ya zama garkuwa a kan hanyar iskar rana. Idan canjin ginin sanda ya faru, to fa filin magnetic yayin tashin zai ragu da kashi 80-90%. Irin wannan canji mai ban mamaki tabbas zai shafi na'urorin fasaha daban-daban, duniyar dabbobi, kuma, hakika, mutane.
Gaskiya ne, mazaunan Duniya ya kamata a ɗan shakata da gaskiyar cewa yayin sauya sandunan Rana a cikin Maris 2001, ba a yi rikodin ɓatar filin magnetic ba.
Sakamakon haka, cikakken bacewar tsarin kariya na Duniya, wataƙila, ba zai faru ba. Inarfin magnetic ba zai iya zama bala'in duniya ba. Samun rayuwa a duniya, wanda ya saba fuskantar matsala, ya tabbatar da wannan, dukda cewa rashin filin magnetic wata matsala ce mara kyau ga dabba dabba. Wannan ya bayyana a fili ta hanyar gwajin masana kimiyyar Amurka, wadanda suka dawo cikin karni shida suka gina dakuna biyu na gwaji. Ofayansu ɗaure da allon ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, wanda ya rage ƙarfin filin magnetic ƙasa sau ɗari. A wani dakin kuma, an kiyaye yanayin duniya. Mice da Clover da alkama tsaba an sanya su a ciki. Bayan 'yan watanni daga baya, ya juya cewa mice a cikin garkuwar garkuwa sun rasa gashi da sauri kuma ya mutu a baya fiye da masu sarrafawa. Fatar jikinsu ta yi kauri fiye da na wasu dabbobi. Ita kuwa, kumburi, ta matso fitar da jikkunan gashi, wanda shine sanadin asarar fari. A cikin tsire-tsire a cikin ɗakunan da ba magnetic, an kuma lura da canje-canje.
Hakanan zai zama da wahala ga waɗanda wakilan masarautar dabba, alal misali, tsuntsayen masu ƙaura, waɗanda suke da nau'ikan komputa suna amfani da daskararrun magnetic don faɗakarwa. Amma, kuna yin hukunci da adibas, adadin nau'i na nau'in halittu yayin canzawa da sandunan magnetic bai faru ba kafin. A bayyane yake, wannan ba zai faru ba a nan gaba ko dai. Bayan haka, duk da tsananin girman motsin sandunan, tsuntsayen ba zasu iya jinkirin su ba. Haka kuma, dabbobi da yawa, kamar ƙudan zuma, Sun ne suke jagora, kuma dabbobin dake ƙaƙƙarfan ruwa suna amfani da filayen birgima sama fiye da na duniya. Tsarin kewaya, tsarin sadarwa wanda mutane suka kirkira, zai yi gwaji mai tsauri wanda zai hana su. Yawancin komfutoci zasu sami mummunan lokacin da ba daidai ba - kawai dole ne a watsar da su. Amma lokacin da ake canza sandunan, ana iya samun sakamako “tabbatacce” - za a lura da babbar ƙwayar aurora a duk faɗin duniya - amma, cikin makonni biyu kawai.
Da kyau, yanzu akwai fewan ra'ayoyi na asirin wayewa :-) Wani ya ɗauki wannan da muhimmanci.
Dangane da wani hasashe, muna rayuwa ne a kebantaccen lokaci: akwai canjin dogayen sanda a duniya da canjin duniyarmu zuwa ta biyu da zai gudana, wanda yake a wani sararin samaniya mai hawa hudu. Babban wayewar wayewa (CC) don rage sakamakon bala'i na duniya, ana aiwatar da wannan canjin cikin sauƙaƙe ne domin a samar da yanayi mai kyau don fito da sabon reshe na thearfin Allah-mutum. Wakilan CC sun yi imanin cewa tsohuwar reshen kindan Adam ba ta da ma'ana, domin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan da ta iya rushe aƙalla sau biyar a duk rayuwa a duniyar nan idan ba don lokacin da CC ta shafa ba.
A yau, a tsakanin malamai, babu wata yarjejeniya a kan tsawon lokacin da canjin ginin itacen zai iya kasancewa. Dangane da fasali daya, wannan zai dauki shekaru dubun, wanda a lokacin ne Duniya zata iya kare kanta daga hasken rana. A wani gefen, zai ɗauki weeksan makonni kawai don canza sandun. Amma ranar Apọkali, a cewar wasu masana, ya gaya mana tsoffin Mayans da Atlanteans - 2050.
A shekara ta 1996, masaniyar kimiyyar Amurka S. Runcorn ya kammala da cewa matakin juyawa bai motsa ba fiye da sau daya a tarihin ilmin Duniya tare da filin magnetic. Yana ba da shawarar cewa ƙarshen geomagnetic ƙarshe ya faru ne kimanin 10,450 BC. e. Wannan shine ainihin abin da Atlanteans da suka tsira bayan ambaliyar suka sanar da mu, suna aika saƙon su zuwa nan gaba. Sun san game da sauyawa lokaci-lokaci na ikon dogayen ƙasa kusan kowace shekara 12,500. Idan ta hanyar 10450 BC e. Addara shekaru 12,500, sannan kuma muna samun shekarar 2050 n. e. - shekarar shekara ta bala'i ta gaba. Kwararrun sun kirkiri wannan ranar ne yayin da ake kokarin gano matsayin dala uku na Masar a kwarin Nile - Cheops, Chefren da Mikerin.
Masana kimiyyar Rasha sun yi imani da cewa Atlanteans mafi hikima ya kawo mu ga sanin canjin lokaci-lokaci na sauya dogayen duniya ta hanyar sanin dokokin ƙaddara abubuwan da suke tattare da tsarin waɗannan dala uku. Atlanteans, tabbas, suna da tabbacin cewa wata rana a nan gaba a gare su wani sabon wayewar kai mai zurfi zai bayyana a Duniya, kuma wakilan sa zasu sake dawo da dokokin hana shiga.
A cewar wata lafazin, Atlanteans ne da alama su suka jagoranci ginin manyan dala uku cikin kwarin Nile. Duk an gina su a digiri 30 na arewaci kuma ana karkata zuwa ga katin. Kowane bangare na tsarin yana nufin arewa, kudu, yamma ko gabas. Babu wani tsari a duniya da aka sani wanda zai yi daidai daidai da abubuwan da ke gudana tare da kuskuren digiri na 0.015. Tun da magina na d achieved a suka cim ma burinsu, yana nufin cewa suna da isasshen cancantar, ilimi, kayan aiki da kayan kida na farko.
Muna ci gaba. An saka Pyramids akan kwalliya tare da karkatar da mintina uku da sakan shida daga meridian. Kuma lambobi 30 da 36 alamu ne na lambar riga-kafi! 30 digiri na sama yayi daidai da ɗaya daga alamar zodiac, 36 - yawan shekaru wanda hoton sama yake motsa rabin digiri.
Masana kimiyya sun kuma kafa wasu alamu da daidaituwa wadanda ke hade da girman dala, kusurwoyin abubuwan shiga ciki, kusurwar karuwa daga matattarar kwayar halitta ta DNA, ya juya a karkace, da sauransu. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya, atlants sun yanke shawarar Hanyoyi sun nuna mana wani tsayayyen kwanan wata, wanda ya zo daidai da wani sabon abu mai wahalar ilimin taurari. An maimaita shi sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 25,921. A waccan lokacin, taurari ukun na Orion Belt sun kasance a cikin matsakaicin matakin riga kafi sama da sararin samaniya a cikin daidaituwa na cikin dare. Wannan bidiyon yana cikin 10 450 BC. e. Wannan shi ne yadda tsohuwar ma'adinan ta yi wa mutane kwatankwacin wannan ranar ta hanyar lambobin tatsuniyoyi, ta hanyar taswirar ɓangaren sararin samaniya, wanda aka zana a kwarin Nile tare da taimakon dala uku.
Kuma a cikin 1993, masanin kimiyar Beljim R. Buwell ya yi amfani da dokokin hana haihuwa.Ta hanyar nazarin komputa, ya bayyana cewa an sanya manyan pyramid na Masar guda uku a kasa yayin da taurari ukun na Orion Belt suke a sararin samaniya a cikin 10 450 BC. e., lokacin da suke ƙasa, wato, farkon farawar motsin su ta hanyar sama.
Karatuttukan geomagnetic zamani sun nuna cewa kusan 10450 BC. e. an samu canji nan take a yadda yatsun duniya kuma ido ya kumshi da digiri 30 gwargwadon yadda yake juyawa. Sakamakon haka, masifaffen yanayin gaggawa na duniya ya zo. Nazarin ilimin halittar geomagnetic da aka yi a ƙarshen 1980 ta masana kimiyya na Amurka, Turanci da Japan sun nuna wani abu. Wadannan mummunan bala'in suna faruwa koyaushe a cikin tarihin yanayin ƙasa tare da matsayin yau da kullum game da shekaru 12,500! Su, a bayyane yake, sun lalata dinosaur, da mammoth, da Atlantis.
Wadanda suka tsira bayan ambaliyar data gabata a cikin 10 450 BC e. da Atlanteans, wadanda suka aiko mana da sakonsu ta hanyar dala, suna fatan cewa sabon wayewar kai mai zurfi zai bayyana a Duniya tun kafin mummunan tashin hankali da ƙarshen duniya. Kuma wataƙila yana da lokacin da zai shirya don fuskantar bala'in cikakken makamai. A cewar wani hasashe, iliminsu ya gaza gano wani abu game da matsayin “wani abu” na duniyar ta hanyar digiri 30 a lokacin sauyawar iko. Sakamakon haka, an canza wuri na duk nahiyoyin duniya ta daidai da digiri 30 kuma Atlantis ta sami kanta a Poasan Kudancin. Sannan duk yawan jama'arta a lokaci daya, kamar yadda mammoth nan take suke dusar a lokaci daya a daya bangaren na duniyar. Wadancan wakilai ne na wayewar wayewar Atlantic wadanda suka kasance a wancan lokacin akan sauran nahiyoyin duniya na tsaunukan da suka rayu. Sun yi sa'a da tserewa daga ruwan tufana. Kuma don haka suka yanke shawarar yi mana gargaɗi, mutanen nan gaba mai nisa a gare su, cewa kowane canji na ɗan sanda yana tare da “wani yanayi” na sararin samaniya da sakamakon da babu makawa.
A shekarar 1995, an gudanar da sabon bincike ta amfani da kayan aikin zamani da aka tsara musamman don irin wannan binciken. Masana kimiyya sun sami damar yin bayani mai zurfi a cikin hasashen game da sake dawowa mai zuwa kuma ya yi daidai da ranar da mummunan lamarin ya kasance - 2030.
Masanin kimiyyar Amurka G. Hancock ya kira ranar ƙarshen duniya ko da kusa - 2012. Ya kafa hujja da daya bisa kalandar wayewar Mayan Kudancin Amurka. A cewar masanin kimiyyar, Indiyawan na iya gado ga kalandar daga Atlanteans.
Don haka, a cewar asusun Long Mayan, an kirkiro duniyarmu ne da lalacewa tare da wani lokaci na 13 baktuns (ko kamar shekaru 5120). Tsarin rayuwar yanzu ya fara ne a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta, 3113 BC. e. (0.0.0.0.0) kuma zai ƙare a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2012 e. (13.0.0.0.0). Mayan sun yi imani cewa wannan ranar ƙarshen duniya zata zo. Bayan haka, idan kun yi imani da su, farkon sabon sake zagayowar da farkon sabuwar duniya zai zo.
A cewar sauran masana binciken burbushin halittu, sandunan magnetic duniya na gab da canzawa. Amma ba a cikin ma'anar hankali ba - gobe, gobe bayan gobe. Wasu masu binciken suna kiran shekara dubu, wasu kuma dubu biyu. Sannan ƙarshen duniya, hukunci na ƙarshe, Ruwan Tsufana, wanda aka bayyana a cikin littafin baƙuwar ciki, zai zo.
Amma yan adam sun riga sun annabta ƙarshen duniya a shekara ta 2000. Kuma rayuwa ta ci gaba ko yaya - kuma yana da kyau!
Coates na magnetic magari a cikin arewacin hemisphere a 1904
Shekaru 73 sun wuce tun lokacin da James Ross ya yanke shawarar daidaita ayyukan magnetic a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere, kuma yanzu shahararren masanin binciken polan dan kasar Norway Roald Amundsen (1872-1928) ya gudanar da bincike don gano tururin magnetic a cikin wannan hemisphere. Koyaya, binciken ginin magnetic ba shine kawai burin jirgin Amundsen ba. Babban burin shi ne bude hanyar arewa maso yamma daga tekun Atlantika zuwa tekun Pacific. Kuma ya sami wannan burin - a cikin 1903-1906 ya tashi daga Oslo, ya wuce gabar Greenland da Arewacin Kanada zuwa Alaska a kan karamin jirgin ruwan kamun kifi "Joa".
Hanyar balaguro na Amundsen 1903–1906
Bayan haka, Amundsen ya rubuta: "Ina son mafarkin yarona na Yankin Tekun Yammacin yamma wanda zai haɗu a cikin wannan balaguron tare da wata manufa, mafi mahimmanci game da kimiyya: neman wurin yanzu na netican sandar magnetic."
Ya kusanci wannan aikin kimiyya tare da duk mahimmancin gaske kuma ya shirya sosai don aiwatarwa: ya yi nazarin ka'idar geomagnetism daga manyan masana a cikin Jamus, kuma a can ne ya samu na'urorin magnetometric. Yin karatun tare da su, Amundsen ya yi balaguro ko'ina cikin Norway a lokacin rani na 1902.
A farkon farkon hunturu na farkon tafiyarsa, a cikin 1903, Amundsen ya isa King William Island, wanda ke da kusanci da magnetic magnetic. Hankalin magnetic a nan ya kasance 89 ° 24 ′.
Bayan yanke shawarar ciyar da hunturu a tsibirin, lokaci guda Amundsen ya kirkiro nan ne ainihin abin lura na geomagnetic, wanda ke gudana ci gaba da lura tsawon watanni.
Lokacin bazara na 1904 an duƙufa cikin lura "a fagen" tare da nufin ƙididdigar daidaitawar sanda yadda yakamata. Amundsen ya yi nasara kuma ya gano cewa matsayin tsintsiyar magnetic ya canza arewa dangi ya kai matsayin da ya samu tafiyar James Ross. Ya juya cewa daga 1831 zuwa 1904 ginin ɗigon ƙarfe ya motsa kilomita 46 zuwa arewa.
Idan muka duba gaba, za mu lura cewa akwai wata shaida cewa a cikin wannan shekarun 73 na magnetic bai yi ɗan arewa kawai ba, a maimakon haka ya bayyana ƙaramin madauki. Wani wuri zuwa 1850, ya fara dakatar da motsi daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas sannan kawai ya fara sabon tafiya zuwa arewa, wanda ke ci gaba a yau.
Kwallan Magnetic a cikin Zirin Arewa daga 1831 zuwa 1994
Hanya mai rauni ta hanyar magnetic magnetic bisa layin sakamakon balaguro na shekaru daban-daban
Lokaci na gaba da inda magnetic magnetic a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere ya ƙaddara a 1948. Ba a buƙatar balaguron-watanni zuwa fjords na Kanada: bayan duk, yanzu yana yiwuwa a isa wurin a cikin 'yan awanni kaɗan - ta iska. A wannan karon, an gano wata katuwar Magnetic a cikin Hemisphere ta Arewa a gefen tafkin Lake Allen kan Yariman Wales. Matsakaicin hankalin nan shine 89 ° 56 ′. Ya juya cewa tun lokacin Amundsen, wato, tun daga 1904, gungumen 'ya bar' arewa zuwa nisan kilomita 400.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, asalin magnetic masana kimiyyar Kanada an ƙaddara ainihin wurin da asalin maganaɗisu a Arewacin Hemisphere (Kudancin Magnetic South) a kai a kai tsawon shekaru 10. Bayanin balaguro mai zuwa ya faru ne a 1962, 1973, 1984, 1994.
Kusa da inda aka kera magnetic a shekara ta 1962, an gina gidan kallo a cikin tsibirin Cornwallis, a cikin garin Rezolyut Bay (74 ° 42 ′ N, 94 ° 54 ′ W). A halin yanzu, tafiya zuwa Kudancin Magnetic Kudin jirgin sama ne mai hawa mai hawa mai sauƙi daga Rezolyut Bay. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa tare da haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin karni na XX, masu yawon bude ido suna yawan ziyartar wannan birni mai nisa a arewacin Kanada.
Bari mu kula da gaskiyar cewa, yayin da muke magana game da sanduna na magnetic duniya, a zahiri muna magana ne game da wasu abubuwan wadatar. Tun bayan balaguron Amundsen, ya zama a bayyane cewa har ma da rana ɗaya neticarfin magnetic ba ya tsayawa, amma yana yin ƙaramin “tafiya” a kusa da wani ɗan tsakiyar.
Dalilin irin wannan motsi, hakika, shine Rana. Kogin da aka caje daga bargon hasken mu (iskar rana) ya shiga cikin magnetosphere din duniya kuma ya samar da hanyoyin lantarki a cikin ionosphere na duniya. Wadancan, biyun, suna samar da filayen magnetic sakandire wanda ke bayyane filin geomagnetic. Sakamakon wadannan rikice-rikice, an tilasta maɗaurin magnetic yin tafiyar su ta yau da kullun. Amplitude da saurin su, ba shakka, ya dogara da ƙarfin daidaituwa.
Tafiya ta yau da kullun daga balaguron 1994 wacce ta wuce Kudancin Magnetic a ranar kwanciyar hankali (ciki na ciki) da ranar aiki mai iya aiki (m) Midpoint yana cikin yammacin tsibirin Ellef ringnes kuma yana da daidaitawar 78 ° 18.. w. da 104 ° 00 ′ z. e. Ya danganta da farawa daga James Ross kusan mil 1000!
Hanyar irin wannan tafiya yana kusa da ƙofar, kuma dogayen sanda a Arewacin Hemisphere yana yin zagaye na gefen agogo, kuma a Kudancin Hemisphere - a gaba. Latterarshen ma, har ma a zamanin iskar guguwa, ya bar tazara bai wuce kilomita 30 ba. Dogayen sanda a Arewacin Hemisphere, a irin waɗannan ranakun, na iya tafiya mil 60-70 daga tsakiyar-tsakiyar. A ranakun da suke kwantar da hankula, za a rage girman girma zuwa gaɓoɓon katako na alluna biyu.
Kushin Magnetic dake gudana a Kudancin Hemisphere daga 1841 zuwa 2000
Ya kamata a sani cewa a tarihi, gwargwadon ma'aunin daidaituwa na magnetic a cikin Kudancin Hemisphere (Magan Magnetic Arewa) ya kasance koyaushe yana da wahala. Musamman saboda rashin ingancinsa. Idan daga Rezolyut Bay zuwa rumfar magnetic a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere ana iya isa da ƙaramin jirgin sama ko helicopter a cikin 'yan awanni kaɗan, sannan daga ƙarshen kudancin New Zealand zuwa bakin tekun Antarctica ya zama dole ya tashi sama da kilomita 2000 sama da teku. Kuma sannan kuna buƙatar gudanar da bincike a cikin mawuyacin yanayin yankin kankara. Don tantance rashin cancantar Magancin Magnetic na Arewa, bari mu koma farkon farkon karni na 20.
Don wani ɗan lokaci bayan James Ross, ba wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin neman yankin Magnetic na goan Arewa da ke zurfafa zuwa ƙasar Victoria. Wanda ya fara yin wannan shine membobin balaguron mai binciken balaguron Ingilishi Ernest, Henry Shackleton (1874-1922), lokacin balaguronsa a cikin shekarar 1907-1909 akan tsohuwar jirgin ruwan Nimrod.
16 ga Janairu, 1908 jirgin ruwan ya shiga Tekun Ross. Yankin kankara mai tsananin sanyi a bakin gabar Victoria Victoria na dogon lokaci ya sa ya kasa samun hanyar kusancin gaci. A ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairu ne kawai aka sami damar tura kayan da suka wajaba da kayan aikin magnetometric zuwa gabar ruwa, bayan haka Nimrod ya koma New Zealand.
An ɗauki makonni da yawa don masu binciken polar da ke cikin bakin tekun don gina ƙarin gida ko ƙarancin yarda. Goma sha goma sha biyar sun faɗi cin abinci, bacci, sadarwa, aiki da rayuwa gaba ɗaya cikin mawuyacin yanayi mai wahala. A gaban wani dogon lokacin bazara ne. Duk lokacin sanyi (a Kudancin Hemisphere yana faruwa lokaci guda tare da lokacin bazara), membobin masu balaguron sun tsunduma cikin binciken kimiyya: meteorology, geology, auna wutar lantarki, nazarin teku ta hanyar fashewar kankara da kankara kanta. Tabbas, da bazara, mutane sun riga sun gaji, kodayake manyan manufofin balaguron suna kan gaba.
A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1908, kungiya daya da Shackleton ya jagoranta ya tashi zuwa wani shirin balaguro zuwa Kudancin Yanayi. Gaskiya ne, balaguron ya kasa isa gare shi. A ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1909, kusan kilomita 180 daga Kudancin Geographic, Shackleton ya yanke shawarar barin tutar tafiye-tafiye nan kuma ya juya kungiyar ya ceci mutanen da ke fama da yunwa da masu gajiya.
Hanya mai fadi da ke tsakanin magnetic Magnetic a cikin Antarctica daga 1841 zuwa 2000. Matsayi na Arewacin Magnetic Pole wanda aka kafa yayin balaguro ɗin a cikin 1841 (James Ross), 1909, 1912, 1952, 2000. Bakar murabba'ai alama wasu tashar tashoshi a Antarctica
Rukuni na biyu na masu binciken pola, wanda masanin ilmin kimiya na Australia Edgeworth David (1858-1934), baya da rukuni na Shackleton, sun tashi akan tafiya zuwa dutsen magnetic. Uku sun kasance: David, Mawson da Mackay. Ba kamar rukuni na farko ba, ba su da ƙwarewar yin binciken polar. Bayan sun bar 25 ga Satumba, sun riga sun tashi daga shirin zuwa farkon Nuwamba kuma, saboda yawan kashe abinci, an tilasta musu su zauna kan tsarin raba abinci. Antarctica ta koyar da su mummunan darussa. Sun yi matsananciyar wahala, sun gaji, sun faɗi cikin kusan kankara a cikin kankara.
Mawson ya kusan mutuwa a ranar 11 ga Disamba. Ya fada cikin ɗayan batutuwan marasa iyaka, kuma igiya amintacciya ce kawai ta ceci rayuwar mai binciken. Bayan 'yan kwanaki daga baya, wani nauyi-fam 300 ya fadi a cikin wata matattara, kusan jan mutane uku da suka gaji saboda yunwar. Zuwa ranar 24 ga Disamba, halin lafiyar masu binciken polar ya kara tabarbarewa, sun sha wahala a lokaci guda daga tsananin sanyi da kunar rana a jiki, sannan Mackay kuma ya sami makantawar dusar kankara.
Amma a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1909, sun sami nasarar cimma burinsu. Mawson kamfas ya nuna wani karkacewar na Magnetic filin daga a tsaye na kawai a cikin 15 ′. Barin kusan akwati a wurin, sun isa gaɓar magnetic tare da jefa guda 40 kilomita. An yi nasara da magnetic a cikin Kudancin misasa (leungiyar Magnetic ta Arewa). Bayan sun lullube tutocin Biritaniya akan gungume kuma suka ɗauki hoto, matafiya suna ihu "Hurray!" Sau uku Sarki Edward VII kuma ya ayyana wannan ƙasa mallakar kambin sarauta na Burtaniya.
Yanzu suna da abu guda kawai - su rayu. Dangane da lissafin masu binciken polar, domin ci gaba da tafiyawar Nimrod a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, dole ne su tafi mil 17 a rana. Amma har yanzu sun yi kwana hudu suna bacci. An yi sa'a, Nimrod da kansa ya jinkirta. Don haka ba da daɗewa ba masu binciken kwararru uku suka ji daɗin abincin dare a kan jirgin.
Don haka, Dauda, Mawson da Mackay sune mutanen farko da suka fara kafa kafafun magnetic a cikin Kudancin Hemisphere, wanda wannan ranar tayi daidai da masu gudanarwa na 72 ° 25 ′ s. W., 155 ° 16 ′ in. d (kilomita 300 daga ma'aunin wanda Ross ya auna a lokacin)
A bayyane yake cewa babu ko da kalma game da wani mummunan aikin aiki. Hankalin filin na tsaye sau ɗaya kawai, an yi shi, wannan yana nuna alama ce don ƙarin ma'auni, amma don saurin dawowa zuwa tekun, inda ɗakunan ruwan da Nimrod ke jiran balaguron. Irin wannan aikin a kan tantance daidaituwa na magnetic magnetic ba zai yiwu ba idan aka kwatanta shi da aikin masana ilimin kimiya na ƙasa a Arctic Kanada, waɗanda suka gudanar da binciken magnetic daga wurare da yawa da ke kewaye da gungume tsawon kwanaki.
Koyaya, balaguro na ƙarshe (balaguron na 2000) an aiwatar dashi a matakin gaskiya. Tunda dadewar Magan Magnetic ta Arewa tun daga barin yankin ƙasa kuma yana cikin teku, ana yin wannan balaguron ne a kan jirgin ruwa na musamman da aka tanada.
Asureididdigar ta nuna cewa a watan Disamba 2000 thean Magnetic Magnetic arewa yana gaban tekun Duniya na Adele a wani yanki tare da daidaitawa 64 ° 40 ′. w. da 138 ° 07 ′ in. d.
Yanki daga littafin: Tarasov L.V. Magnetiyan duniya. - Dolgoprudny: Gidan Bugawa "Intellectual", 2012.