Yanayi ƙwararren mai fasaha ne, ba zaka iya faɗi akasin haka ba, adon kyakkyawan, haske, launi dabam na wasu nau'in tsuntsaye. Ofaya daga cikin irin waɗannan halittun masu ban mamaki na halitta shine Zinare mai kyawun ɗan adam (Chrysolophus illustus). Kasar Sin ta ba duniya irin wannan kyakkyawa, gandun daji ne na kasar Sin wanda shi ne asalin tsuntsu. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban-daban, amma shine mafi kyau na zinari wanda aka ɗauka ya fi shahara tsakanin waɗanda ke da hannu cikin tsuntsayen kiwo.
Tsuntsu mai launi
Idan zamuyi magana game da pheasants na abin wuya, to ga dukkan nau'ikan halittu, manyan kayan adon sune: faffada, doguwar riga da mataki, dogayen dogo mai siffa, wanda akwai gashin fuka-fukai guda 18. Wani tsararren ado shine kyakkyawa abin wuya, yana kama da alkyabbar suttura, tare da shi tsuntsaye suna da girman kai da mahimmanci, kamar manyan mutane.
'Pheasant Golden' tsuntsu ne wanda kwatancinsa ya cancanci kulawa. Launi na wannan mu’ujiza ta gwal tana da haske sosai kuma tana bayyana sunan wannan nau’in. An kawata kan namijin da dan kwalin kwalliya mai launin shuɗi, adon yana 'ado' a cikin abin da yake launi iri ɗaya, kuma zubewar wutsiyar wutsiyar shima zinari ne. Mace ba za su iya yin fahariya da irin wannan kayan kwalliyar ba; ƙwayoyin su yana mamaye launin ruwan kasa da launin shuɗi. Ganin tushen "ladaran" "'yan matan" "suna da ladabi. Masu binciken tsuntsayen wadannan tsuntsayen suna kiranta da fararenta ja - mai launin ja.
Maza matasa suna kama da na mace, za a iya bambance su da wutsiya da tabo jajayen da ke warwatse cikin jiki. Jimlar miji na kusan miji kusan 100-150. Matar tana da rabin karami: 65-70 cm .. Kafa da baki, duka a cikin “samari” da kuma a cikin “'yan mata” rawaya ne.
Rayuwa a cikin yanayin halitta
Shekaru 10-20, akwai adadin adon ruwan zinari a Burtaniya. Tsuntsayen suka zauna a cikin dazuzzukan bishiyoyi da na lardin. Sun zabi matsayin da suke zaune domin sa katakan su yi musayar ciyayi da ciyawar da suke ciyar da su. Yankuna masu yawa da yawa, kuma gaba daya bude da wuraren shakatawa basa son.
Ana samun tsuntsu mai cin gashin zinare a cikin yanayi kawai a cikin gandun daji. Wuri da ta fi so shi ne katon ciyawa a ƙasan duwatsun dutse. Za a iya ziyartar wannan tsuntsu a kan tsire-tsire na shayi, da filayen noma. Irin waɗannan wurare mata kamar ɗakin cin abinci, inda tebur tare da kayan abinci da kuka fi so ana dage farawa. Bayan girbi da girbi, hatsi ya ragu, a nan kyawawan kyawawan tsuntsaye suka sami dabi'ar ciyarwa a can.
A cikin yanayi, pheasants ba sa son kamfanin sosai kuma sun fi so su zauna shi kaɗai ko kuma a cikin ƙananan rukuni, a lokacin lokacin kiwo da suke haifar da dangi da rabuwa. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine lokacin da hatsarin ya tashi, tsuntsun “zinari” ya gudu, kuma baya tashi, wanda da alama zai fi tasiri. Sai kawai idan babu wata hanyar fita, sai ya tuna cewa zai iya tashi. Gudun Bird - Ba abin mamaki bane?
Abin da ke ciyar da kuɗin zinari - kaza mai alatu
Wadannan kyawawan hens suna ci, wanda zai iya faɗi, iri ɗaya ne kamar hens mai sauƙi. Babban abincin shine abincin shuka da hatsi. A cikin yanayi, suna son cin abinci a kan furanni, musamman rhododendrons. Bam ɗin harbe-harbe na waɗannan kayan gourmets, masu kama da yara. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, 'yan' cin ganyayyaki na 'zinare' 'suna ficewa daga tsarin da aka kafa kuma suna cin kananan gizo-gizo da kwari.
Da rana, tsuntsaye suna cin lokaci a ƙasa neman abinci, da dare sukan yi kwana a daren, suna ɗaukar itace mai tsayi saboda wannan. Sun fi son su kwana a wuri mai tsayi.
Ganye mai launin zinare: kiwo da haifuwa a cikin yanayin halitta
Kyawawan pheasants suna shirya wasannin mating a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Da zaran an samar da yanayin farko mai kyau, maza za su fara fitar da kukan dare da rana. Don haka, suna ba da labari game da farkon lokacin da muke ciki. Waɗannan raunin suna da ƙarfi sosai har mutumin da yake kusa yana son rufe kunnuwansa. Mata suna son waɗannan “waƙoƙi” - wannan shine babban abu!
Abin da ɗan kwalliyar zinari ba ta aikata ba saboda ƙaunarta. Tsuntsu mai launi, a cikin kyakkyawar haske don nuna kyawunsa, yana fara rawa. A yayin bikin aure, mace ta zabi abin da ta zaba, wanda daga nan tsuntsayen suka fara aure. Wani lokaci, don kare abin ƙyamar, mazan sukan shirya duk yaƙe-yaƙe.
Mace na pheasants suna shirin haihuwa a cikin shekarar farko, maza sun ci gaba da wannan. A ƙarshen shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, pheasant na iya abota yadda ya kamata. A dabi'a, mace lays daga 5 zuwa 12 qwai, hawa zuwa wannan dalilin a cikin ciyawa mai yawa ko a cikin itacen ɓaure. Lokacin shiryawa yana kasancewa tsawon kwanaki 21 - 24.
Kyankyasai, bayan sun tashi daga kwan, basu bar gida ba har tsawon kwana biyu, bayan wannan lokacin yaran suna farin cikin rakiyar mahaifiyarsu, suna bin bayanta don neman abinci. Bayan makonni 2, pheasants sun fara yin jirgi na farko, tunda sunsan tashi, zasu iya yin bacci tare da mahaifiyarsu akan itace. Mahaifiyar "zinari" tana da kulawa sosai, ƙyanƙyashewa da haɓakar kajin kawai a kanta. Mahaifin "zinari" baya cikin komai a ayyukan gida. Ya tattara mata kusan 2-3, ya sami zuriya daga wurinsu kuma “ya wanke ƙafafunsa”. A kan haka ne aka kammala aikin sa na haihuwa.
Ta yaya pheasants na fursunoni suka kame
Shekaru da yawa shekara ɗari, an yi la'akari da kuɗin hawan zinari mazaunin Turai, dan lokaci mai tsawo ana kawo shi. A cikin bauta, ana sake haifar da nasara cikin nasara. Wararru masu shayarwa suna kwatanta ɗan kwalin mata da kaji: ku ci hatsi, kajin kaji, to sai a nuna su, kamar kaza na gida.
A gida, mace ta fara sanya ƙwai a watan Afrilu, kowace rana rana 1 kwai. Za'a iya zaɓar su, barin mahaifiyar da ke zuwa ita ce kawai ta ƙarshe ta ƙwai na 12-15, a cikin abin da zaku iya samun guda 30 daga ɗayan. Lokacin da mace ta zauna don sanya jarirai, kar ka manta da ka ware maza, in ba haka ba kana cikin haɗarin rashin jiran zuriya. Mahaifin mai sakaci yana da mummunar al'adar koke ƙwai ko tuki mahaifiya daga gida.
An bada shawara don ciyar da kajin hatched tare da larvae na kwari, tsutsotsi na gari. Hakanan yana da amfani ga yara don shirya cakuda nama mai yankakken, yankakken yankakken, karas grated, salatin da mahaukacin mahaukata. Tun daga wata ɗaya, ba a buƙatar kulawa da kai ga matasa. Icksan kuyun da suka girma sun daina lura da iyayensu kuma suna rayuwa da kansu.
Lambar
Zuwa yau, adon zinar bai bayyana dukkan sirrinta ga masoyan yanayi ba. A cikin yanayin halitta, har yanzu ba'a fahimci shi sosai ba. Abu daya shine tabbatacce, mummunan begen halaka da halaka baya barazanar wannan kyakkyawan tsuntsu. A dabi'a, su 'yan adadi ne, amma ana biyan wannan gaskiyar ta gaskiyar cewa an adana adadi mai yawa na "zinare" a cikin gidajen dabbobi, wuraren ajiyar dabbobi, wuraren kiwon lafiya da kuma a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu. Pheasants masu launin shuɗi tare da keɓaɓɓun beautifulan farinsu mai kyan gani da kyawu, fasalin jiki mai kyan gani na iya yin ado ga kowane gida, kuma suna jin daɗin zama a fursuna.
Bayyanar kwalliyar zinari
Rabin wannan tsuntsun yana cike da launuka da sifofi masu ƙyalli.
Amma, abin takaici, yanayi yana da isasshen launuka kawai ga maza na waɗannan tsuntsayen. Matan mace mai launin zinare ana fentin su sosai, cikin launuka masu duhu tare da fararen fata.
Amma game da namiji na ƙwararriyar zinari, ko kuma, game da rushewarta, zaku iya magana marar iyaka! A kan tsuntsu mai launin shuɗi ne, kusan kusan zinariya, crest. An fentin wuyan ado na gwal: daga baya - a cikin rayayyun baƙi da ruwan lemu, daga gefen kirji - yana ja, har zuwa ƙananan ciki. Bayan da aka yiwa tagar kwalliyar a baya, zaku iya ganin shudin shuɗi, sannan jan, rawaya da kuma sake launin shuɗi ... kowane fuka-fuka a jikin wannan tsuntsu yana taka irin rawar da ya taka wajen ƙirƙirar tsarin mai ban sha'awa wanda ke bambanta wannan tsuntsu da duk tsuntsayen duniya!
Namiji da mace Pheasant Golden: bambanci a bayyane yake.
Kuma me kuke tsammani: don me kyawawan kayan adon zinari suke? Don gamsar da kallonmu? Oh babu! Ba daɗi ba ne! Duk waɗannan kyawawan halayen an kirkiresu ne kawai don su jawo hankalin mata na nau'ikansu kuma don cika aikin ci gaba da "nau'in".
Rayuwar pheasant na rayuwa mai kyau da abinci mai gina jiki
Wadannan tsuntsayen omnivores ne. Suna cin furanni, ganye, harbe bishiyoyi da bamboo, haka kuma kwari da gizo-gizo da annashuwa daidai.
Pheasants na zinare sune tsuntsayen rana.
Wadannan tsuntsayen suna aiki da rana, amma da dare suna barci a saman bishiyoyi, don kar su zama mafarauta ga masu farauta.
Wannan tsuntsu ba ta da nisa da gonar da mutane ke nomawa: ta bayyana a gonakin shayi da filaye. Hakanan an zaɓi zaɓaɓɓun zinare ta ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙasa mai tuddai.
Jirgin sama a yanayin adon zinari ya bar abin da ake so, zai iya sanya gajeren garken ya tashi daga wuri zuwa wuri.
Homelandasar haihuwar waɗannan tsuntsayen ita ce ƙasar Sin.
Kiwo
Pheasants dangi ne na al'ajibai, don haka masana kimiyya suka lura da irin halayen halayen maza na maza tare da dodon kai. Kamar dai dodannin rogo, pheasants na zinari suna shirya faɗa don mata. Amma ban da wannan, pheasants suna rawa a gaban wanda aka zaɓa.
Anyi shi ta hanyar irin wannan halaye da kyawawan halaye a jikin maza, mata suna daukar maza da maza. Bayan haka, namiji ɗaya zai iya ƙirƙirar karamin-harem a kusa da shi. Mace da ke daɗin zinare na mace tana sanya ƙwai 12 zuwa 14 a lokaci guda.
Pheasants tare da irin wannan rura wutar birni ce mai ban mamaki, tana farantawa mutum ido.
Duk tsawon lokacin da yake ciki, mace bata kula da kajin ta na gaba. Karnukan da aka haife su da sauri suna girma kuma bayan kwanaki 14 sun sami damar tashi.
Habitat
Dabbobin suna zaune a kudu na yankin Transbaikal har zuwa Amur, a gabashin Mongolia da kuma Kudancin China. A lokaci guda, wurin haihuwar zinare na Zina ita ce kasar Sin - wani yanki a arewa maso yamma wanda jihar Tibet ta iyakance, a gabashin lardin Anhui, a kudu kuma lardunan Guizhou.
Filayen furanni suna zaune a tsaunukan tsaunukan tsakiyar kasar Sin a tsaunin da ya kai nisan mita 2000 sama da matakin teku, a cikin tsaunukan tsaunukan kudu maso gabashin Tibet da kuma arewacin Assam. Har ila yau, lu'u lu'u-lu'u suna zaune a gabashin Tibet. Koyaya, zinare suna zaune da ƙananan tuddai na dutse, da lu'u-lu'u - mafi girma (mita 2000-3000 sama da matakin teku). Pheasants suna zaune a gandun daji a cikin bisharar.
Pheasants na zinare suna guje wa gandun daji, fadama da wuraren budewa. Parfin kyawawan zinare yana zaune kusa da ƙasar noma, yana bayyana akan tsiron shayi da filayen filaye. Da yawa pheasants na zinariya da aka kawo a Burtaniya sun yi nasarar tserewa zuwa cikin daji. Tsuntsaye suna zaune a cikin sabon yanayin, sun fara farawa kuma ba da daɗewa ba suka kirkiro yawan jama'a. A nan, duk da haka, pheasants na zinare sun fi son nau'in ƙasa daban-daban: dant dinta, dattijo har ma da gandun daji gauraye.
Abinci
A cikin ƙasarsu, kayan kwalliyar zinare suna ciyar da ganyaye ne da ganyayyaki da dama na ciyayi, gami da bamboo. Suna cin furanni na rhododendrons. Sau da yawa saboda kare kanka, iri-iri, pheasants na zinare suna fizge ƙananan ƙwaro da gizo-gizo. A lokacin rana, suna ciyar da ƙasa, kuma da dare suna barci, suna gudu daga masu kuntatawa, suna da girma a cikin bishiyoyi. An adana kyautar zinare a cikin yankinta. Tsuntsayen da suke zaune a tsaunuka galibi suna gangara zuwa ƙananan yankuna yayin rana. A cikin neman abinci, kayan adon zinare a saukake suna ta ratsa har ma da lokacin farin ciki. Ba a karanci tsarin abincin da ake amfani da shi na zinare da ke zaune a Turai ba. Wataƙila, menu na kayan tarihin zinare na Turai ba su da bambanci daga jerin dangin Sinawa.
Haihuwar pheasants
Irin waɗannan tsuntsayen suna jagorantar yanayin rayuwa, suna rayuwa cikin reeds, ciyayi da dazuzzukan daji. Suna iya girma cikin shekara shekara a cikin wurare a wurare dabam dabam wadanda aka yi da tagulla. Tsuntsayen suna cin komai: tumatir, ganye, tsaba, harbe, matasa, ciyawa, kwari, mollus. A gona, masu kiwo suna amfani da abinci da alkama. A cikin bazara, lokacin mating yana farawa. Maza suna fara kururuwa da rerawa da zikiri-zuciya.
Addinai mai kyau
A cikin daji, pheasants suna zaune a Kudancin Kazakhstan, Caucasus, Lower Volga da Primorye. Pheasant yana daya daga cikin kyawawan tsuntsayen da ke da launuka masu kyau a Rasha. An gina ciyayi mai kyau da kaji a ƙasa, an zaunar da shi cikin kurmi. An yi la'akari da ɗan kwalliya kamar tsuntsu brood: icksan kajin an haife su da ƙoshin lafiya. Da zarar sun bushe, nan da nan zasu fara diba abincin kuma suna motsawa.
Abincin tsuntsaye ya bambanta kuma ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire iri iri da ƙananan kwari. Pheasant yana cikin rukunin tsuntsaye masu farauta, nama da ke dandana kamar kaji kuma yana da ɗanɗano sosai. Masu shayarwa na Ukraine da Rasha suna kiwon abubuwan pheasants gama gari, amma wasu connoisseurs suna iya samun wasu ƙasashen masu tallafin: Mongolian, sarauta, lu'u-lu'u, zinari.
Views:
- Abincin gama gari yana kama da jakar hannu. Tsawon namiji shine 90 cm, yayin da 40 cm ya fadi akan wutsiya. Yana da gashin fuka-fukai 18. Tsubin fikafi shine cm 80. Matar tsawon 65 cm ne, wutsiya kuma cm 30. A bayyanar, wannan reshe yayi kama da kaji, nauyin jikinsa ya kai kilogram 1.8. Tsuntsu yana da launuka masu jituwa da yawa na gumurzu: ruwan lemo, zinari, shunayya, koren duhu. Akwai ƙaho gashin tsuntsu a bayan shugaban, da kuma saƙa akan kafafu. Mace tana da ladabi: launi mai rushewa mai launin shuɗi-mai haske.
- An bambanta ɗan adon zinari ta doguwar furen zinari, mara baya, dogon wutsiya mai baƙar fata. Matar ba ta da crest da hood.
- Adon lu'u-lu'u bai kusan banbanta da ƙananan ƙasashen da ke cikin zinare. Makogwaron, hanta, goiter da kambi shuɗi ne mai duhu, crest mai launin shuɗi ne, mai hular fari fari da baƙar fata.
- Sarki pheasant. Wannan ita ce mafi girma tsuntsu a cikin duka iyalin pheasant. Kyawun fasalin shine abin wuya na baki, farin kambi da wutsiya mai launin ruwan kasa. Tsawon jikin mutum mita 1.5. Irin waɗannan ƙananan hanyoyin ba safai ake samun su a gonaki ba. Kuna iya sha'awar tsuntsu a cikin gidan dabbobi.
Tsuntsayen suna da kyau tare da duk tsuntsayen gida, don haka za a iya daidaita su da kaji. Amma, don kare pheasants daga cututtuka, ba shi da mahimmanci a hada su tare da ruwan sha, tunda ƙarshen na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da tsabta, kuma wannan yana haifar da cututtuka da yawa.
Cutar cututtukan aladu da Chicken, Jiyya da Kulawa
Idan ba zato ba tsammani tsuntsu ya karya tsarin yau da kullun na yau da kullun, kuna buƙatar kula da lafiyar sa. Lokacin da aka gano alamun cutar, an dauki matakan da suka dace.
An kasafta cututtuka zuwa kashi uku:
Pheasants galibi suna da furucin. Wannan cuta ce ta kwayar cuta da ke yawan mutuwa. Babban alamomin cuta ne a jiki da kafafu. Rage numfashi ya bayyana, murya mai kara, tsuntsu ya yi tsiro ba dalili. Sanadin mutuwa shine shaƙa. Kuna buƙatar magance tare da magungunan rigakafi da kuma maganin maganin lugol.
Ana ɗaukar cutar Laryngotracheitis ta iska bayan amfani da gurɓataccen ruwa da abinci. Alamun suna asarar ci, tari, hanji, gazawar numfashi. Haihuwa takan ragu, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwarya ta karye. Likitan dabbobi ya ba da izinin magani bayan gwaje-gwaje. Aspergillosis yana shafar bronchi da sacs na iska. Tsuntsayen suna da ƙishirwa, beak da paws suna samun shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Vineinar likitan dabbobi tayi maganin cututtukan iska.
Dermatitis yana bayyana bayan raunin da ya shafi yankin fata. Yankin da abin ya shafa ya zama ja kuma an rufe shi da burodin launin ruwan kasa. An tsara maganin rigakafi da bitamin. Emphysema yana nufin yin ɓarna a cikin duk jikin da ke motsa idan an matse. Bayan tashin hankali, iska ta tashi daga ramuka. Dalilin shine lalatawar bangon iska. Tsuntsu ya daina motsi da cin abinci. Kuna buƙatar kulawa ta hanyar amfani da bandeji ga fuka-fukan. Ana yin bubble masu bugun jini kuma ana bi da su da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.
Sau da yawa, scabies yana bayyana a cikin tsuntsaye. Wannan sanannen cuta ne da ake ɗauka da cutar. Fuka-fuka-fukai a kai sun bace a cikin tsuntsaye, jikin yana rufe da farin rufe.Don neman magani, wajibi ne don tsabtace yanki na jiki daga mamayewa da shafawa tare da maganin Neguwen. Har ila yau, Tsuntsayen suna haɗuwa da ƙananan kwari waɗanda suke rayuwa a cikin gashinsu. Kuna iya kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta hanyar tsakiyar iyo sauro. Yawancin tsuntsaye suna iya kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta a cikin yanayin dumama. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta amfani da yashi da toka.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin haihuwar pheasants
Idan ka yanke shawarar yin pheasants, to, akwai wasu rashin amfani:
- Kudin hannun jari mai yawa don samar da kudin shiga.
- Tsuntsaye masu tsinkaye suna buƙatar yanayi na musamman da abinci da ya dace.
- Cinikin gawawwakin na iya zama da rikitarwa saboda hauhawar farashin nama.
- An dauki naman yana da amfani, mai cin abinci, yana da ɗanɗano sosai.
- Yawancin gidajen cin abinci da gidajen shakatawa suna kammala kwangilar samar da nama mai daɗin ci.
- Rashin babban gasa a cikin wannan yanki, don haka akwai damar samun damar mallakar ta.
Shin ya cancanci kiwo pheasants?
A cewar masana, ribar kasuwancin ita ce kashi 40-56%. Ga gona, waɗannan sune babban kuddi. Hannun jari sun kare a cikin watanni 6-12. Kudin da aka samo nama mai kama yayi daidai da tsadar naman duck. Lokacin da ake kiwon tsuntsaye don nama ta watanni 4, kowane ɗayan yana nauyin kilogiram 1-1.5. Kudin abinci shine kilogiram 4-5.
A tsawon lokacin ciyarwa, farashin kiyaye tsuntsu ɗaya shine rubles 400. Lokacin sayar da daidaitaccen mutum, zaku iya samun 600 rubles. Farashin sabo gawa ne 700 rubles. Lokacin da aka girma a gida, kudin shiga yana kusan 300 rubles.
Abokan Gasar Zinare
Babu Kowa Idan kun sami kuskure, don Allah zaɓi yanki kuma latsa Ctrl + Shigar.
Yanayi ƙwararren mai fasaha ne, ba zaka iya faɗi akasin haka ba, adon kyakkyawan, haske, launi dabam na wasu nau'in tsuntsaye. Ofaya daga cikin irin waɗannan halittun masu ban mamaki na halitta shine Zinare mai kyawun ɗan adam (Chrysolophus illustus). Kasar Sin ta ba duniya irin wannan kyakkyawa, gandun daji ne na kasar Sin wanda shi ne asalin tsuntsu. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan tsuntsaye daban-daban, amma shine mafi kyau na zinari wanda aka ɗauka ya fi shahara tsakanin waɗanda ke da hannu cikin tsuntsayen kiwo.