Shin kuna son samun sanin manyan Marten a ƙasarmu? Sannan a kula da dabbar mai suna harza.

Hakanan sanannan Kharza an san shi da wasu sunaye: Ussuri marten ko marten-yellow-breasted. An bambanta wannan dabbar daga wasu wakilan dangin Marten ta kyakkyawan launi da tsarin jikinta. Wanene wannan charza?

Fitowar Harza

Yawan taro na Ussuri marten zai iya kusan kilo 6. Jikin charza yana girma cikin tsayin kusan santimita 80. Idan kuma kayi la'akari da wutsiya mai santimita 44, to girman dabbar zai ninka zuwa 1 mita 24 santimita.

Harza (Martes flavigula).

Dabba mai suna Kharza tana da sihiri mai daɗewa da tsoka sosai. Wuyan dabbar yana da tsawo; wani karamin kai yana kan sa. Wutsiya ba ta da faɗi, amma tsawonsa ba a hana shi. Jawo gashi daga cikin harza yana da furfura mai kauri da gajarta, launinta kuwa yayi kama da "tufafi" na dabba mai zafi.

A zahiri, ga fauna na Rasha wannan dabba da gaske tana da matukar kyan gani, duk da haka, a nan an kafa ta sosai kuma ta sami nutsuwa na dogon lokaci. Abarancin ƙasar Kharza duka wurare ne daban-daban.

Habitat

Kharza yana zaune ne a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Yammacin Siberiya da Urals. Ana iya samunsa a tsibirin Great Sunda, Tsarin Malacca, a cikin tsaunukan Himalayas a tsawan sama da mita 3.5 zuwa 6,000 sama da matakin teku, a kudu da gabashin China, kazalika a Koriya da Gabas ta Tsakiya a Rasha.

Mazaunin Ussuri taiga, ana kiranta Kharza Ussuri marten. Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin Caucasus, Belarus da Moldova. Maharbi mai hankali ya gwammace ya zauna cikin mawuyacin-daɗin isa ga manyan ramuka da cakuda daji mai yawa, a kan tsaunukan tuddai da kuma wuraren da ke da matsala.

The m nomad da mafarauta

Kharza yana jagorantar rayuwar nomadic, koyaushe cikin neman ganima. A cikin lokutan mawuyacin yanayi na hunturu, maƙiyi zai iya cin nasara hanyar 20 kilomita a rana. A lokacin rani, nisan da aka rufe a lokaci guda yana ƙaruwa sosai. Wannan wayar hannu da jarumawa suna iya yin saurin motsawa tare da tsaunin tsaunin a matsayin ɗan hawan dutse, kuma yana da ikon hanzari da sauri don neman ganima, tsalle, idan ya cancanta, daga bishiya zuwa itace zuwa nesa na 9 m.

Feetafafun kafaɗa suna sauƙaƙa hawa kan kan dusar ƙanƙara ba tare da sun faɗi ba Wannan dabbar ba ta da matsugunai masu dindindin, saboda haka, idan ya cancanta, ya kan huta ne, rami da kuma rami a cikin duwatsun.
Harza wani lokacin farauta kadai, amma mafi yawan lokuta dabbobi kan shiga cikin ƙaramin rukuni na kusan mutane 5, suna rarraba mukamai a tsakanin su yayin farauta. Motsawa cikin sarkar, mita 10 daga juna, suna, kamar mafarauta na ainihi, suna fitar da ganima zuwa wani shinge, suna sadarwa tare da taimakon haushi halayyar. A lokaci guda, sauran membobin da aka kirkira suna jiran wanda aka azabtar da shi. Misali, a cikin hunturu, mafarautan suna tuki da naman maciji a kan kankara, inda barewar da bata gari ta fara zubewa kuma ta zama mara tsaro. Tunda suka yi ma'amala da barewar, tumakin suna yawo a jikin gawa ba ɗan lokaci ba ko kuma suka ɓoye ragowar.

Abincin abincin Ussuri

Harza fi son cin squirrels da rodents. Karku manta da abin sayarwa. Zai iya kai hari ga manyan dabbobi waɗanda suka zarce girman sa: karnukan karnuka, sabulu, barewa, barewa, ƙuruciya daji. Hakanan yana ciyarwa akan tsuntsayen da ƙananan wakilai na fauna. Masarauta ta kama kifi a cikin ruwa mara zurfi.

A lokacin rani, tana jin daɗin cin namomin kaza da abincin dabbobi, tana fifita berries da ƙwayaye. Marten-breasted mai girma shine babban mai son zuma da saƙar zuma. Tana fitar da zuma ta hanyar digo wasu kwari na kudan zuma a wata hanya ta asali, tana rage wutsiyarsa zuwa cikin hive, sannan yayi lasisin shi.

Siffofin haifuwa da halayen zamantakewa

Lokacin hada-hada ya fadi a farkon watan Agusta. Haihuwar mace tayi kimanin watanni 4. A wannan lokacin, kusa da haihuwa, mahaifiyar da take tsammani na neman tsari da kanta da kuma jariran a cikin sasanninta mafi nisa na gandun daji, guguwar iska da ke cike da kewayawa. Anan ta shirya kogon ciki wanda daga 2 zuwa 5 kwikwiyo an haife shi.

Iya tana girma kuma tana renon 'Ya'yanta su kadai, tana koya musu dabarun farauta. Namiji baya daukar wani bangare na renonsu da kuma tarbiyyar su. Matasa suna nan tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa lokacin bazara mai zuwa.
Da wuya a kira Harza dabba dabba. Bayan barin mahaifiyar, tsohuwar da ta girma ta zauna tare na dogon lokaci. Irin waɗannan ɓarna suna farauta kuma suna hutawa tare. Amma ba da daɗewa ba tsoho da ƙarfafa strengthenedan sandansu sun zaɓi tafarkinsu kuma gidan ya watse.

Mazan da ke balaga sun hada kansu don farauta sau da yawa daga ma'aurata masu aure, waɗanda aka kafa don rayuwa. Gaskiya ne, suna hutawa dabam, ko da yake suna ƙoƙari su kusaci juna. Da farkon bazara, sun fara farauta su kadai.
An yi imanin cewa Ussuri marten yana haifar da lahani ga mutane ta hanyar farauta, dabbar mushe da barewa. Koyaya, charza yana kawo fa'idodi masu yawa, yana lalata ɓarnataka.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa wannan maƙaddara mai haskakawa ba ta da abokan gaba na halitta, ƙasa da ƙasa ake samun su a mazauninta. Gashin gandun daji da ci gaban wayewa akan yanayin da ke kewaya shine babban dalilin wannan, saboda haka, charza a matsayin dabba, wanda adadinta ke raguwa, an jera su a cikin Littafin Duniya na Red da Red Book of Russia.

Abincin abinci da halayyar Ussuri marten

Duk da gaskiyar cewa dabbar ta zama kawai ga dangin martens, ba ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda zasu gamsu da ƙananan dabbobi, kwari da tsaba ba. Musk deer - karamin ungulate, yakan zama ganima na chaza. Kuma bone ya tabbata ga matalauta musk deer, idan duk dangin Ussuri marten ya yanke shawarar bin sa: to tabbas babu ceto!

Baya ga jita-jita daga naman musk, naman charza yana shirya abincin da ya dace da kanta daga sables, pheasants, ƙwanƙolin hazel, ginshiƙai, hares, aladu na boar daji har ma da barewa. Daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, Marten ya fi son kwayoyi daga cones cones da dama berries.

Wutsun harza yana aiki azaman daidaitawa mai daidaitawa.

Amma wannan ba'a iyakance ga abincin charza ba: akwai wani rauni na ɓoye a cikin waɗannan dabbobin - suna yiwa zuma ƙyamar. Don wannan, mutanen Kharza sun karɓi suna na kare na zuma. Ta yaya suka sami wannan maganin, kuna tambaya? Da dogayen wutsiyarsu - sai su tsoma shi kai tsaye cikin hive, su tsoma shi a cikin zuma, sannan kuma laushi da wutsiyar su mai daɗi.

Darajar mutane

Wadannan dabbobin da kyar suka tsinkaye idanunsu, suna kan hanyarsu ta taka tsantsan, saboda mutane basa farautar su. Kuma me yasa - bayan duk, kharza fur ba shi da mahimmanci na musamman: yana da m kuma saboda haka ba a ba da sanarwar ba.

Idan an sami kuskure, a zabi wani ɗan rubutu sai a danna Ctrl + Shigar.