Girgiza kai - Waɗannan nau'ikan kifi sun canza ruwa mai kyau.
Kifi na farko da aka inganta sune zebrafish. Sakamakon gwaje-gwajen, mun sami kifi tare da launin ja, kore, da launi mai kyalli, wanda ke zama mai haske sosai da fitila mai shuɗi. Transgenic kifi suna matsayin unpreentnt in abun ciki da kwanciyar hankali kamar yadda talakawa mutane.
Duk da ra'ayoyin da ake samu game da tsawan ko kuma tsaftacewa na gyaran kifayen don kar a yadu a cikin tafukan na asali, daga GloFish zaka iya samun cikakkiyar lafiya da lafiyar yara.
A baya can, masana'antun suna hana cinikin kifaye saboda kar su yi kiwo tare da abokan ciniki. A zamanin yau, masanan mu na cikin ruwa suna karɓar zuriyar waɗannan kifayen. Hukumar Kula da Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta haramta kiwo, musaya da sayar da kifi mai kyalli. Ya kasance))) A yau, a duk kasuwannin Avian, waɗannan kifaye masu launin suna.
Ta yaya ya faru: Kwayoyin DNA na jellyfish da murjani ja suna a cikin DNA. Zebrafish tare da guntun DNA na jellyfish na kore ne, tare da DNA murjani ja, kuma kifayen da guntun DNA suke rawaya. Godiya ga kasancewar waɗannan baƙon DNA, kifin yana haskakawa a cikin hasken ultraviolet.
Me don: Manufar injiniyoyin halittar asali shine don sauƙaƙe lura da gabobin ciki na waɗannan kifin mai kifi. Amma hoton wani kifi mai kama da haske mai launin kore, wanda aka nuna a taron ƙungiyar kimiyya, wanda wakilin wani kamfani ne ya haɗu da kiwo da siyar da kifin kifin. Da izinin wannan kamfani, an ƙara bayar da kyautar haske mai launin ruwan hoda wanda aka keɓe daga murjani a cikin ruwan zebrafish. Sakamakon irin wannan shi ake kira "Daren Lu'u-lu'u".
A shekara ta 2006 da aka samo: kore da ruwan lemo mai launin shuɗi mai ruwan-zaki.
A shekarar 2011 - shuɗi da violet.
Bugu da kari, a cikin 2011. asalin kwayoyin da aka gyara tho thoia an bred.
Yanzu kifi ya zama sananne a cikin masu farawa akwatin kifaye. An samar da hadaddun masana'antu na GLO duka, alal misali, GLOXY GLOW SET.
Wannan jerin jerin kifin ruwa an tsara shi ne don yara, irin waɗannan abubuwan a cikin wasan kwaikwayo sun haɗa da ƙaramin jirgin ruwa masu ruwa a cikin ruwa mai ban sha'awa a duniya. A cikin wannan rayuwar, suna da ban sha'awa sosai - 'yan fashin teku, wuƙa, baƙon baƙi da baƙon abu a cikin mazaunan ƙananan launuka da ba a tsammani! Sabili da haka, irin waɗannan kayan kifayen suna da mashahuri kuma suna da kyau. Moreara koyo game da wannan kifin mai kyalli. na iya zama anan, a ƙasa bita ne na bidiyo.
Danio tawaye
Danio rio rio "Bar Barbie
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kifi na farko shine zebrafish. Kifin zebra yana da jiki mai walƙiya mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai haske tare da ratsi kwance a kwance daga kai har zuwa fin caudal. Danio ya mamaye babba na uku na akwatin kifaye. Suna aiki, nimble kuma mai ban sha'awa a cikin hali. An bada shawara a adana su a cikin garken kifi 5-7. Ofarar akwatin kifaye don zebrafish mai kyalli na iya zama daga lita 30 a kowane garken. Sigogin ruwa da suka dace dasu: zazzabi + 20 ... + digiri 25, dGH har zuwa 15, pH 6-7.
Me yasa kifin yayi haske
Kifin ya bayyana daga kwayar halittar Jellyfish ta Pacific “wanda aka sanya” a cikin DNA, wanda ke da alhakin sakin furotin mai kyalli. Gwajin yana da tsayayyen manufa ta kimiyya: fannonin gwaji sun zama alamu na gurɓataccen ruwa, suna mai da canjin launi zuwa ga gubobi.
Masana ilimin halitta sun raba sakamakon ƙwarewar nasara a wurin taron kimiyya, wanda ke nuna hoto na kifin transgenic kore, wanda ya jawo hankalin kamfanin da ke sayar da kifin kifin. An umurci masana kimiyya nan da nan don su ba da launi daban-daban, wanda suka yi ta hanyar samar da zebrafish tare da kwalayen kwalaben ruwan hoda wanda ya basu ja. Hasken rawaya ya kasance ne saboda hulɗar da kwayoyin halitta guda biyu - jellyfish da murjani.
Edungiyar kimiyya da kasuwanci ta sami kamfani ta hanyar kwangila da ƙirƙirar alamar GloFish (daga haske - "haske" da kifi - "kifi"), wanda ya zama sunan da aka ba da izini don kamun kifin mai wucewa. Kayan aikinsu shi ne Taikong Corporation (Taiwan), wanda ke ba da kayayyaki masu rai a ƙarƙashin alamar GloFish ga Amurka.
Kuma a shekara ta 2011, kamfanin kifi mai haske mai cike da launin shuɗi da shuɗi aka gyara takwarorinsu.
Iri kifin ruwan kifin mai ba da haske
Daraja ta zama '' gobarar ruwa '' ta farko wacce ta afka wa Danio rerio (Brachydanio rerio) da zuma ko kifin Jafan (Oryzias javanicus). Dukkan jinsunan biyu sun karɓi sunan waƙa "Lu'u-lu'u dare". Yanzu suna haɗuwa da wasu nau'ikan da ke da haɗuwa daban-daban na jellyfish da murjani: Red Starfish, Green Electricity, Cosmos Blue, Orange Ray da Purple Galaxy.
Bayan 2012, an ƙara waɗannan kifin transgenic:
- Sumatran barbus (Puntius tetrazona),
- scalar (Pterophyllum scalare),
- ƙaya (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi),
- cichlid mai launin baki (Amatitlania nigrofasciata).
Masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa yana da matukar wahala a gare su yin aiki tare da cichlids saboda rikitaccen yanayin aikinsu da ƙananan ƙwayar caviar (idan aka kwatanta da zebrafish da medaka).
Abin ban sha'awa ne! An samo lilinosity na soya daga iyayensu na zuriya. Tasirin mai kyalli yana hade da dukkan GloFish tun daga lokacin haifuwa har zuwa mutuwa, yana samun haske sosai yayin da suka girma.
Halayya da Abinci
Wadannan kifayen kusan ba su bambanta da danginsu na '' yanci 'ba: suna da girman guda, al'adun cin abinci, tsawon lokaci da salon rayuwarsu, ban da wasu bayanai. Don haka, ba su da bambance-bambancen jima'i daban-daban saboda launi iri ɗaya na maza da mata. Ana bambanta karshen ta hanyar karin zagaye na ciki na ciki.
Halittu masu haɓaka ta halitta suna cin abinci mai daidaituwa, waɗanda suka haɗa da bushe, daskararre, shuka da rayuwa (ƙananan daphnia, zubar jini da kuma corpetra). GloFish yana da yanayin abokantaka: suna da kusanci da dangi, haka kuma cockerels da laliuse. Kadai taboos sune cichlids, waɗanda suke ƙoƙari su cinye "ƙone wuta" ba tare da la'akari da yanayin jin daɗin su ba.
Akwatin kifaye da kuma hasken baya
Kifin Transgenic bai damu da yawa game da girma daga cikin akwatin kifaye ba: za su dace da kowane, ba musamman kwano mai zurfi tare da murfi ba, inda za a yi musayar tsire-tsire masu ruwa tare da yankuna masu iyo. Ruwa ya kamata ya zama mai dumama sosai (+ 28 + 29 digiri), yi acidity a cikin kewayon 6-7.5 da taurin kusan 10.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Kifin ba ya haskaka lokacin da aka umarce su da kwararan fitila na talakawa a kansu. Sunadaran da kwayoyinsu ke sanye da su, sun sami kansu cikin haskoki na fitilar hasken wuta da fitilu masu shuɗi.
Idan kana son kara haske, dole ne ka tsallake don fitilu na musamman wadanda aka tsara musamman don gyaran kifin. Increasingara yawan darajar GloFish ya haifar da masana'antun kayan haɗin kifaye don samar da kayan adon ƙwari da tsirrai waɗanda tsarin launinsu ya dace da inuwar waɗannan kifayen.
Kasuwancin Sinawa da Taiwan sun ci gaba, suna sakewa, tare da kayan ado masu ban sha'awa, rakodin ruwa mai haske inda yawancin launuka masu launin GloFish ke iyo.
Kifi na farko, wanda kawai yanayi ya kula da shi, ana ɗaukarsa ne blue neon, yana zaune a lardin Amazon. Wanda ya fara daga cikin kifin a shekarar 1935, Ba’amurke ne yana farautar karnuka masu suna Auguste Rabot. A tsakiyar ganima ga yawuna a bakin gabar kogin Ukayali, ya faɗi da zazzaɓi. Ya daɗe yana kan bakin rai da mutuwa, idan ya farka kuma yana son shan ruwa. Ruwa ya kankame shi kuma a cikin sa Rabo ya lura da wani karamin kifi mai haske.
Don haka ɗan asalin Kudancin Amurka, neon, yayi ƙaura zuwa gaɓar ruwa na mazaunan birane. Neon yana da wuyar rikita shi tare da sauran kifin akwatin kifaye.
Mahimmanci! Alamar kasuwancinsa haske ne mai kyalli mai haske wanda yake shimfidawa a jiki, daga ido zuwa wutsiya. Striarfin maza kusan kusan madaidaiciya, mata suna dan ƙarami a tsakiya.
Duka maza da mata suna da farin ciki da kuma amfanuwa. A na kashin baya za a iya gani milk farin iyaka.
Neons na balaga ba mai ɗaukar nauyi ba ne kuma yana iya jure bambance-bambancen zazzabi daga +17 zuwa +28, duk da cewa za su yi godiya ga mai shi don ƙarin sigogi masu kunkuntar (+18 +23). Matsaloli galibi suna tasowa lokacin da ake hawan onsanyun yara, don haka a shirye suke don tsabtacewa, tun da aƙalla tasamu gilashin lita 10.
A cikin 1956, duniya ta sami labarin wanzuwar jan neon wanda ke zaune jikin ruwan Kudancin Amurka. Ya bambanta da shuɗi a cikin girman, girma zuwa 5 cm, da kuma tsananin ƙarfin jan tsararren da ke rufe kusan rabin ƙananan shari'ar.
Red neons sun shiga kasarmu kuma sun fara ninka a shekarar 1961. Suna ɗauke da su harma da na yau da kullun, amma suna fuskantar matsaloli da yawa a cikin kiwo. Fa'idodin duka nau'ikan neon sun haɗa da kwanciyar hankali da ikon kasancewa tare ba tare da rikici tare da sauran baƙi na akwatin kifaye ba.
Gracilis da sauransu
Baya ga jan da shudi mai haske, haske mai kyawun yanayi wanda yake mallakar:
- wutan walƙiya
- costello ko Neon kore,
- Cardinal
- gracilis ko neon ruwan hoda.
Hanyar Tetra, wacce tazo daga Amazon, an sanya mata suna ne saboda halayen halayenta: gwal yana ƙoshin ƙarshen caudal tushe, kuma launin ja yana saman saman ido.
Neon kore (Costello) yana da sunansa ga launin kore-mai launi na zaitun na babba na ƙwanƙwasa. Halfarshen rabin yana da ƙarancin haske na azurfa mai wuta.
Cardinal (alba nubes) sanannu ne ga masu ruwa da tsaki a ƙarƙashin sunayen da yawa: zebrafish na kasar Sin, ƙaramin kima da kuma ƙarya neon.
Abin ban sha'awa ne! Matasa (har zuwa watanni 3) kifayen suna nuna kyautar launin shuɗi mai haske wanda yake tsallake gewayensu a ɓangarorin biyu. Da farko na haihuwa, tsiri ya ɓace.
Gracilis, aka erythrosone, ana rarrabe shi da jiki mai haɓaka jiki wanda ya yanke ta cikin layin haske mai haske mai haske. Yana farawa sama da ido kuma yana ƙarewa a ƙarshen caudal.