Doberman yana daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan da ke da kyawun bayyanar, yanayin rikice-rikice da kuma suna mai rikitarwa. Wasu suna ɗaukarsa abokin kirki ne na yara, wasu kuwa mugunta ce. Doberman duniya ne, amma babban abin da hankali shine aikin hukuma. A shekara ta 1925, wani mai suna Doberman mai suna Sauer ya bi sahun barawo kilomita 160.

Hoton wani ɗan ƙaramin Doberman baki da launin launi

Hankali da hali.

Doberman yana da yanayin zafin hannu, yana kula da abin da ke faruwa. Mai matukar taka tsantsan, mai aiki da kuzari, amma ba tare da juyayi da fuss ba. Wannan karen kare ne da kyakyawan fahimta, wanda baya yarda da halayen rashin mutunci kuma bai yarda ya zama bawa ba, dan dangi ne daidai.

Doberman yana da basira mai ban mamaki kuma yana amfani da shi koyaushe a rayuwar yau da kullun. Mai ikon bincika yanayi daban-daban na rayuwa da yanke shawara, yana da kyakkyawan kwakwalwa. Sau da yawa yakan cimma haziƙinsa ko taurin kai.

Mai tsananin son hankali, yakamata ya shiga cikin dukkanin al'amuran iyali kuma ya zama mai lura da al'amuran. Tsoron kai da rashin sadaukar da kai. Ga shi mutum ne kyakkyawa mai kiyayya, ga abokan gaba - mugaye ne. Makomar Doberman ko da yaushe zai kasance cikin kiyayewar ku. Ba ya son ciji kuma baya son ciji ba da mahimmanci ba. Rashin jituwa da tsoratarwa mataimaki ne. Kimanin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, an kwatanta halayen Doberman da ƙyallen bindiga. Karnukan zamani basa da ƙarfi, amma kuma suna da hankali, ƙarfi da jarumi.

Ka'idojin asali da kuma manyan halaye.

Doberman karnuka ne na matsakaici mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarfi, jiki mai ƙarfi, yanayin alfahari da fitattun abubuwa. Tsarin murabba'in filin: tsayin daka ya wuce tsawo 5-10%. Ana bayyana dimorphism na jima'i. Tsare a kan ƙ witƙasassu na maza - 68-72 cm, nauyi - 40-45 kg, tsawo na bitches - 63-68 cm, nauyi - 32-35 kg.

Shugaban yana da tsayi a matsakaici, a siffa yayi kama da ɗage fuska. Kambin ya kusan lebur. Canja daga goshi zuwa goshin ana magana anakamata. A murab yana da tsawo tare da bakin karfi mai karfi. Lebe sun bushe, sun matsu sosai. Hanci tare da manyan hancin ƙasa kasa da faɗin tsayi, baki ko launin ruwan kasa, gwargwadon launi. Cikakken saitin hakora, cizo mai ƙanshi. Idanun matsakaiciyar matsakaici suna da kyau, zai fi dacewa duhu a launi. An kafa kunnuwa masu tsayi, a cikin yanayin halitta na matsakaici na matsakaici, rataye, tare da gefen gaba kusa da cheekbones. Sloaramar jinkiri.

Wuya daidai ne na al'ada, ya bushe, ya sauka a lanƙwasa mai santsi. Ana faɗakar da mayukan. A baya ne mai fadi, gajere. A hankali croup din yayi dan kadan. Kirji yana da fadi da zurfi. An lura da layin ƙasa sosai. An saita wutsiya mai tsayi, a yanayinsa na al'ada ya kai ga hocks. Kafafu suna da tsayi, tare da bushewar tsokoki. Yatsun takaice, a taru sosai. Hannun yatsun hannu da ledoji sunyi duhu.

Mayafin yana da wuya, lokacin farin ciki da gajarta, yana manne da jiki sosai, kuma yayi laushi ga taɓawa. Babu guga. Matsakaici molting. Ba ƙaran kare ƙanshi ba. Launi mai launi ko launin ruwan kasa tare da alamomin tan mai haske da haske. Duk wani ɓacewa daga wuraren da aka ƙayyade a ƙayyadaddun lahani ne ko lahani (ya danganta da tsananin).

Hoton launin fata mai launin shuɗi tare da wutsiya

Manufa Doberman farko da yau.

Doberman asalin nau'ikan marubuta ne, ya samo asali ne daga Karl Friedrich Luis Dobermann, wanda aka haife shi a 1834 a Jamus, garin Opoold, inda ya zauna kuma yayi aiki a matsayin mai karɓar haraji.

Layin aiki ya tilasta Frederick koyaushe yana da aboki abin dogara a nan kusa, amma ba ɗayan kiɗan da ya cika bukatunsa. Jamusawa da gaske suna son mai ƙusoshin dwarf, don haka kamanninsu da yanayinsu an ɗauki su a matsayin tushen. Doberman yana dauke da jinin tsohuwar matattarar matattarar mutanen Jamus, Rottweiler, Beauceron, Weimaraner da wasu karnukan farauta.

Aiki a kan irin Friedrich Dobermann ya fara a tsakiyar karni na XIX. Tuni a cikin 1863, an fara nuna Dobermans a Hamburg a karkashin sunan Thuringian Pinscher. Tun daga 1876, ana ta ajiye ɗaliban karatun. Bayan mutuwar mahalicci a shekarar 1894, an sanya wa wannan mai suna Doberman Pinscher, kuma shahararren mai shayarwa Otto Giller cigaba da aikin kiwo. A cikin 1949, an cire prefix "pincher", akwai wani mai sauƙi amma mai son rai - Doberman.

Doberman karen sabis ne mai yawan aiki tare da kyakkyawan turare, babban aiki na biyayya da kuma tuhuma na waje. Waɗannan halayen sun ba shi damar yin amfani da shi sosai wurin aiki a ɓangarorin 'yan sanda, kwastam, sojoji, hukumomin tsaro na tsaro na dare. Babban jami'in Dobermans da gangan yana koyar da fushi da fadakarwa, na biyu na wajibai shi ne biyayya da ibada. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, an bai wa Doberman taken "amintaccen koyaushe" ("semperfidelis") don sabis ga Sojojin Amurka.

Doberman na iya zama kyakkyawan aboki da kare dangi, wanda koda ba tare da horo da aka yi niyya zai kasance akan mai tsaro ba. Tare da Dobermans suna shiga cikin wasanni daban-daban (cani-cross, agility, jawo nauyi).

Ilimi da horo.

Abin farin ciki ne a yi aiki tare da Doberman idan har kuka sami nasarar nuna shi. Kamar yadda ya cancanci karen sabis na gaskiya, ya kama komai a kan tashi, yana da tunani mai ban mamaki da aikin ban mamaki. Doberman mai biyayya ne da jan hankalin mutum. Yana da mahimmanci a zabi malami wanda ya fahimci cewa yana da sauƙin samun karnuka suyi aiki cikin nasara ba tare da zane, bulala da sauran hanyoyin ɓarna ba.

Koyaushe koyaushe yana farawa daga farkon shekaru, ta amfani da ƙarfafa ƙarfafawa a cikin nau'i na yabo da kyakkyawa. Tuni a cikin watanni 2-3 fara aiwatar da umarni masu sauƙi a cikin nau'in wasan. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da karfi na zahiri, don tayar da fitina musamman da barin halayen da ba sa so. Wannan na iya lalata halayen kare.

Kulawa da Kulawa.

Doberman ya dace da duka a cikin gida da kuma yadi. A cikin lamari na farko, yana da mahimmanci don samar da karen da aikin da ya dace. A cikin na biyu - gidaje (wani keɓaɓɓen ginin ko aviary tare da rumfa mai ɗumi, a cikin zafin jiki ba ya sauke ƙasa da digiri 5). Don tafiya a cikin lokacin sanyi, Doberman zaɓi zaɓi kyawawan tufafi gwargwadon yanayin.

Dobermans suna da kuzari, karnuka masu motsa jiki, suna buƙatar kyakkyawan yanayin jiki da kwakwalwa kuma ba zasu iya gamsuwa da tafiya ta rabin awa biyu ba. Ana ƙarfafa tsere da yin iyo. Walk complement wasanni da motsa jiki. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a shagaltar da aikin mutum da ƙara shi a hankali. Har zuwa shekaru 1.5-2, har sai an samar da tsarin musculoskeletal, horo ya zama mai laushi.

Kula da Doberman kai tsaye. Ana aske gashin gashi sau 1-2 a mako tare da buroshi ko mitten ga karnukan gajere. yi wanka fiye da lokacin 1 a kowane wata. Bayan tafiya, ƙafafu da jiki za a iya shayar da su da ruwa mai gudu ko an goge su da wani rigar ruwa. Kunnuwa na tsabtace yayin da suke zama datti, yawanci sau 2-3 a wata. Idanun da lacrimal hanyoyi suna gogewa kamar yadda ake buƙata. Kowane makonni 3-4, an yanke hular kwano.

Doberman kunnuwa da wutsiya za a iya dock a cikin ƙasashe inda ba a hana su ba, da izinin mai shi. Wutsiyoyi an tsaya suna da shekaru 3-5 kwanaki, da gajeru sosai don a zahiri ana iya ganin dabbobi biyu masu zuwa. An yanke kunnuwa cikin watanni 3-4. Siffar auricle na iya zama daban: “kyandir”, “daidaitaccen”, “dagger”. Sanya kunnuwa bayan tsayawa yana daukar daga 1 zuwa watanni da yawa.

Photo dobermans na tafiya

Doberman mai gina jiki

Maigidan da kansa ya yanke shawara game da wane nau'in abinci don dakatarwa: a kan abinci ko a shirye da aka yi da abinci. Dukkan zaɓuɓɓuka suna karɓa, babban abin magana shine cewa abincin ya kasance cikakke kuma daidaita. Yawan abinci da adadin kuzari ya dogara da tsarin mulki da ayyukan karnuka.

An gina abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar da 1/3 rabo na yau da kullun ya faɗi akan kayan nama da nama. Kasancewar ta tafasa, nama (naman sa ko kaji) na iya zama mai daskarewa ko an tafasa ta da ruwan zãfi.
Ragowar 2/3 sune hatsi (hercules, shinkafa, buckwheat), kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganye, kayan kiwo. Kayan lambu. Sau ɗaya a mako, ana maye gurbin nama tare da kifin ruwan da aka dafa. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci zaku iya ba da ƙwai, burodi da burodin da aka bushe.

Lokacin zabar ciyarwar da aka shirya, ya kamata ka mai da hankali kawai ga samfuran super-Premium ko kuma cikakke nau'ikan kayan yau da kullun, a matsayin mai mulkin waɗannan kayan abinci ne masu cike, ba sa buƙatar ƙarin ko gabatarwar bitamin da kari na kayan abinci. Ciyarwar da ta dace don manyan dabbobi masu aiki sun dace da shekaru. Ana yin ƙididdige sabis ta hanyar nauyi bisa shawarar da aka bayar akan kunshin.

Abincin don kare yakamata ya kasance mai dumi (30-35 C). An sanya kwano a kan goyon baya domin su kasance a matakin kirji. Ba'a bada shawara don ciyarwa kafin ko bayan motsa jiki. Kullum ruwa mai tsabta ya kamata ya kasance mai wadata.

Kiwon lafiya da cuta.

A da, Dobermans da wuya su lura da cutar ta gado da kuma lahani daban-daban, amma tare da karuwa da shahara, mutane da yawa sun fara farauta, ko kuma su shayar da karnuka, ba tare da shiga batutuwan kiwo da halittar jini ba. Sakamakon haka, adadin cututtukan gado ya ƙaru sosai kuma walwala ta zama gabaɗaya ta ƙara taɓarɓare. Babban cututtukan Dobermans: cututtukan zuciya (cardiomyopathy), juji daga ciki, dysplasia hip.

Commonarancin gama gari sune sanadin kamuwa da cuta, cututtukan ƙwayar cuta, kururuwa, ɓarna na tsarin haƙori, raunin tashin zuciya, rashin daidaituwa na ƙwayar cuta na mahaifa, ƙwaƙwalwar tsaka-tsaki, cryptorchidism, narcolepsy.

Ana yin rigakafin karnuka masu dacewa bisa ga tsarin tsari. Don gano lokaci na cututtukan cututtukan, ana bada shawarar yin jarrabawar jiki na shekara-shekara. Kowane watanni 3-4 suna aiwatar da lalataccen iska, kuma tare da farawa da zafi kuma kafin sanyi su yi yaƙi da cututtukan waje. Tsawon rayuwa yawanci shekaru 13-14 ne.

Zaɓin puppy Doppy.

Lokacin zabar kowane irin, kuna buƙatar yanke shawara: menene daidai ga. Doberman na iya zama kare mai kare, dangi ko wasanni. Amma game da jima'i, bitches sun kasance sun haɗu da gidan da kuma docile. Tare da igiyoyi, yana da wahala kadan a kawo da kuma biyayya. A gaba wajibi ne don tantance nau'in kare (Amurka ko na Turai), daidai da launi (launin ruwan kasa ko baƙi).
Zaɓin puan kwikwiyo yana farawa ne da zaɓin mai shayarwa da iyayensu. Kuna iya ziyartar manyan nune-nune nune-nune, kuna tattaunawa akan dandalin tattaunawa ko tuntuɓar kulab. Yana da kyau a duba iyayen 'yar tsana a wurin aiki da kuma a cikin yanayin iyali na yau da kullun, kimanta yanayin yanayin halinsu da tsarewa.

A waje, puppy yakamata su kasance lafiya tare da gashin tsabta da idanu masu kyau. Puaƙan kwikwiyo a watanni 2 shine 4.5-6 kg kuma tuni a wannan lokacin sun yanke shawarar bin ka'idodi (launi, matsayi, daidaito, cizo, gwaji). Kuna iya ɗaukar jarirai tun yana da shekaru 2-3. Dole mai shayarwa dole ne ya samar da awo na kwikwiyo da fasfo na dabbobi, wanda ke nuna alurar rigakafi da shekarun sa. Puan kuyaya sukamata su kasance matsorata ko tsoratarwa, babban fasali a wannan zamani shine son sani, wasa da kuma abokantaka.

Kyakkyawan Doberman bazai zama mai arha ba. Theauki kare a kasuwar tsuntsu ko daga hannayenku don 5000-8000 rubles. - caca. A cikin gandun daji, farashin 'yar tsana-tsirran dabbobi shine 15,000-20000 rubles. Yada yara kanana don kiwo da nuna sana'a yawanci kudin daga 35,000 rubles.

Hoton 'yar tsana doberman

Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani.

Fa'idodin Doberman sune:

Aboki amintacce ne, amintacce,
+ A kare mai kyawun hali,
+ Ingantaccen iya karantarwa,
+ Rashin daidaituwa,
+ Matsakaici mai tsayi,
+ Tare da kyakkyawar tarbiyya ta tarbiyya a wasannin yara,

Rashin dacewar sun hada da

- Yana buƙatar ilimi mai mahimmanci,
- Bai dace a matsayin kare ga saurayi ba,
- Bukatar yin tafiya na tsawon lokaci a kowace yanayi,
- Babban yiwuwar matsalolin zuciya.

Tarihin asalin asali

An fara bin diddigin Dobermans ne kawai bayan karnukan sun fara shiga cikin nunin nunin. Irin wannan an bred ne kawai don manufar samun kyakkyawan aiki. Sakamakon matsalar sufuri, an samo offspringa asan sakamakon tsallake mutanen farko da aka kama.

An fara daga tsakiyar karni kafin karshe, masana sun fara aiki kan inganta kiwo, kuma an fara aiwatar da halayyar kiwo kwanan nan. Edabilar ta sami sunanta ne ta girmamawa ga Dobermann Friedrich Louis, wanda, ba tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararru ba, ya fara aiwatar da irin wannan kiwan har tsawon shekaru 25. Kawai ya buƙaci kare mai ƙarfi da aminci, kamar yadda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗab'in dare da mai tara haraji. Saboda haka, tushen aikin kiworsu aka sa burin samun kyakkyawan kare wanda za'a iya horar dashi cikin sauki.

Abin takaici, a cikin lokacinmu, duk wani bayani game da wane irin kare da wannan mutumin da ya yi amfani da shi ya haifar da wannan nau'in, ya ɓace. A lokaci guda, sananne ne cewa sakamakon aikin kiwo, zuriya sun bayyana cewa, bisa ga bayanan su, basu dace da Dobermans ba. Sabili da haka, masana sun yarda cewa Frederick ya yi amfani da nau'ikan karnukan kamar Rottweiler, Weinmaraner, Shepherd, Hound, Pinscher da Great Dane a cikin aikinsa.

Sakamakon ƙoƙarin Friedrich Dobermann, ƙaƙƙarfan wasa, wasan motsa jiki da kyan gani ya hango hasken. Ta fara kama da irin ta zamani. Bayan wani lokaci, Otto Geller ya fara aiki akan halayen ladabi, wanda ke ɗauke da ɗakin kare na Von Thuringen a Anold.

Mai ban sha'awa don sani! Dobermani ya yadu sosai a Turai da sauran ƙasashe, godiya ga Otto Geller. Irin wannan nau'in ya fara bayyana a kan yankin Rasha ne kawai a cikin 1902.

Bayani game da wata gabar jiki

An bambanta goshin Doberman ta hanyar cewa sun yi jagora zuwa kafaffun hannu, yayin da bangaran gwiwar hannu aka matse zuwa kirji kuma yana da shugabanci gaba da baya. Hannun wuyan hannu suna da fadi da ƙarfi, gami da roba da gajeru. '' Forelimbs '' na musassassun murkushe ne, bushe da embossed.

Hannun kafafu kuma suna da kyau sosai, yayin da suke rarrabe a gaban cinya, guda musiba da fadi. Hanyoyin ƙarfi suna bushe da bushe. Tibia ya dawwama sosai, amma yana da karkata. Movementsungiyoyin karnukan suna da sauƙi kuma na roba, haka ma kyauta da shaƙar fata, kuma Doberman suna gudu da sauri, annashuwa da kyan gani.

Laifi na asali

Rashin daidaituwar Doberman ya haɗa da waɗannan abubuwan:

• Soft da wavy gashi.
• Kasancewar tanning a wata inuwa ta daban.
• A lokacin farin ciki da aka ambata undercoat.
• Amble.
• Hannun yadudduka suna a hankali sosai, kusurwoyin haɗin gwiwa ba daidai bane, har ma da kasancewar yatsunsu masu sa'a.
• Yankakken gwiwar hannu ya juya, kwancen kafa.
• Rashin tsokoki.
• Yankin kirji mai lebur ne, mai siket ne ko sikket.
• Idanun suna kaɗa, kuma wuya ta yi kauri da gajeru.

A wasu halayen, lafuzza na fili suna bayyana ne ta fuskokin ɓangaren gaban, kasancewar rashin canjin yanayi ko miƙe mai kaifi, gajeren amma mai nauyi, kasancewar cheekbones, kasancewar takaddara mai kaifi, kunnuwa mara nauyi, leɓun farin ciki, da dai sauransu.