Caiman yana zaune a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Wadannan dabbobin suna cikin tsari na halittu masu rarrafe kuma fitarwa ce ta maye gurbi mai sa maye. Dangane da sautunan fata, caimans na iya zama baƙi, launin ruwan kasa ko shuɗi.

Amma caimans suna canza nau'in launinsu gwargwadon lokacin shekara. Girman ingin din yana kan matsakaici daga tsayi ɗaya da rabi zuwa mita uku, kuma yana nauyin kilogram biyar zuwa hamsin.

Idanun mai wankin sun kare da membrane, wanda ke ba shi damar kasancewa cikin ruwa koyaushe; matsakaici, hakora 68 zuwa 80 suna da caiman. Yawan nauyinsu na iya bambanta daga kilogram 5 zuwa 50. Fassara daga Mutanen Espanya, "caiman" ma'ana "baƙi, kada."

Amma kada kukan duk daban-daban ne. Menene banbanci tsakanin kawun maciji da mai rarrafe? Cayman ya bambanta da kada da rarrabe a gaban faranti ƙasusuwa da ake kira osteoderms kuma suna kai tsaye akan ciki. Hakanan, 'yan biranen caimans suna da kunkuntar ƙyallen kuma a kan kafafunsu na baya kawai rabi na membranes na yin iyo.

Macijin yana da alaƙar wrinkle kusa da hancin a gefen muƙamula wanda yakamata don haƙori daga ƙasa, alligator yana da hutu ga hakori a saman muƙamuƙin, kuma wannan fasalin yana bambanta macijin daga alligator da caiman. Duk da bambance-bambance kada kukan kare a cikin hoto ba daban bane.

Habitat da caiman salon rayuwa

Cayman zaune a cikin kananan tabkuna, kogunan koguna, koguna. Duk da cewa 'yan bishiyar dabbobi' yan asalin dabbobin daji ne, amma har yanzu suna tsoron mutane, sunfi jin kunya, kwanciyar hankali da rauni, wanda shine yadda suka banbanta da ainihin macijin.

Caimans suna ci kwari, ƙananan kifi, lokacin da suka isa girma, suna ciyar da manyan hanyoyin ruwa, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wasu nau'in cayman na iya cin ƙwarya da ƙwari. Caimans ba su da jinkiri, amma suna tafiya sosai cikin ruwa.

A dabi'ance su, 'yan koren Kaya suna da zafin rai, amma galibi ana yin buda su ne a gonaki, kuma a cikin gidajen dabbobi akwai adadi mai yawa, don haka sukan saba wa mutane da sauri kuma suna yin natsuwa, kodayake suna iya cizo.

Ra'ayoyin Cayman

• Maciji ko kallon abin kallo,
• Kawa ce,
• Wide Cayman,
• Paraguayyan Cayman,
• Black cayman,
• Dwarf Cayman.

Hakanan ana kiranta ƙarancin maciji. Wannan nau'in yana da bayyanar fasalin kwaya mai cike da kunkuntar murabba'i, wanda ake kira gilashin madara saboda haɓakar ƙashi ƙasusuwa a idanun daidai da bayanan gilashin.

A cikin hoton akwai wani farin cayman

Manyan maza suna da mita uku a tsayi. Zai fi dacewa su farauta a cikin lokacin ɓoye, a lokacin fari babu abinci kaɗan, don haka cin naman mutane yana da asali a cikin mutanen Caimans a wannan lokacin. Zasu iya rayuwa har cikin ruwan gishiri. Hakanan, idan yanayin muhalli ya tsananta musamman, shiga cikin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ɓoyewa.

Launin fata yana da mallakar mutum kuma yana wasa daga launin ruwan kasa mai haske zuwa ruwan zaitun mai duhu. Akwai ratsi na launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Suna iya yin sautuna daga rahusa har zuwa sauti mai rarrabewa.

Kamar yawancin caimans suna zaune a cikin fadama da tabkuna, a wurare da ciyayi masu iyo. Tunda waɗannan 'yan biranen jurewa da ruwa mai ƙarfin gaske, wannan ya basu damar sauka akan tsibiran Amurka na kusa. Kawa ce. Wannan nau'in yana da kama sosai da danginsa, wanda ya kai tsayinsa har zuwa mita biyu kuma an jera shi a cikin Littafin Layi.

Cayman. Sunan wannan caiman yayi magana don kansa, wannan caiman yana da irin wannan mummunar rikicewa wanda yafi girma fiye da wasu nau'ikan alligators, sun kai mafi yawan mita biyu. Launin Jiki yafi yawan zaitun, kore tare da duhu duhu.

Wannan caiman galibi yana jagoranci rayuwa a cikin ruwa, kuma ya fi son sabo ruwa, galibinsa mara motsi ne kuma idanu kawai suke gani a saman ruwa. Yana son rayuwar dare kuma yana iya zama kusa da mutane.

Cin abinci iri ɗaya kamar yadda sauran mutanen caim ɗin zasu iya cizo ta hanyar kunkuru na kunkuru saboda haka su ma suna cikin abincinsa. Abinci ana cinye shi gabaɗaya ban da kunkuru. Tun da fatarsa ​​ta dace don sarrafawa, wannan nau'in ya zama abin fara'a ga masu farauta don haka wannan nau'in an yada shi akan gonaki.

Paraguay cayman. Hakanan yana da kama da kama da irin kawa mai kama. Girman na iya kaiwa zuwa mita uku kuma launi iri ɗaya ne kamar na kalan kara, yana bambanta ta cewa ƙananan muƙamuƙin yana haɓaka sama da babba, sannan kuma ta gaban haƙoran haƙora, kuma saboda wannan an kira wannan caiman "piranha caiman". Wannan nau'in caiman din an kuma jera shi a cikin Littafin Ruwa.

Dwarf Cayman. Mafi kankanta nau'ikan ruwan sanyin, mafi girman mutane sun kai tsawon santimita ɗari da hamsin kawai. Sun fi son sabbin jikkunan ruwa da rayuwar rayuwa, suna da wayau, da rana suna zama a cikin kabura kusa da ruwa. Suna cin abinci iri ɗaya da sauran nau'in caiman.

Caiman kiwo da tsawon rai

Mafi yawa lokacin kiwo yana kasancewa a lokacin damina. Matan suna gina mazaunin su kuma suna kwanƙwai, adadinsu ya sha bamban da na jinsin kuma wannan shine matsakaicin ƙwai na 18-50.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine a cikin caiman caimans, namiji da mace suna shiga aikin ƙirƙirar wuri don sanya ƙwai. Eggswai suna kwance cikin layuka biyu tare da yanayin zafi daban-daban, saboda a zafin jiki mai zafi yakan sa namiji ya kwana da mace mai sanyi.

Lokacin shiryawa shine matsakaici na kwanaki saba'in. Duk wannan lokacin, mace tana kare makanta, kuma mace na iya haduwa don kare zuriyarsu nan gaba, amma duk da haka, matsakaita, kashi tamanin na masarar an lalata shi ta hanyar masu maye.

Mace a ƙarshen zamani tana taimaka wa mutanen gargajiyar su tsira, amma, duk da irin taka tsantsan, kaɗan ne ke tsira. Ra'ayoyi sun banbanta da yanayin rayuwa, tunda farko dai sananniya suna kama da tsoffin mutane. Amma an yi imanin cewa a matsakaican caimans suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru talatin.

Cayman kada kuma kada auni dabbobi ne masu tsinkaye na d that a da ke da strengtharfin iko na zahiri, suna da matukar mahimmanci ga duniyar, saboda sune tsari na wuraren da suke zaune.

Amma a halin yanzu, masu farautar masu farauta suna farautar fata na wadannan dabbobin, kuma saboda lalata ɗimbin mazaunan waɗannan dabbobin da mutum kansa, yawan waɗannan dabbobin ya ragu sosai, wasu daga cikinsu an riga an jera su a cikin Littafin Layi. An kirkiro gonaki da yawa inda waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ke yaduwar da adam.

Cayman Crocodile. Rayuwar Cayman da mazauninsu

Waɗannan dabbobin suna ɗaya daga cikin fewan da suka tsira zuwa zamaninmu bayan tafiya cikin tarihin tsohuwar ƙarni. Dubun dubbai shekaru BC, mutanen Misira suna bauta wa macijin, suna ɗauke shi a matsayin mafi kusancin allahn Sebek.

A Tsibirin na Pacific, mazauna wancan lokacin suna ba da budurwa kowace shekara don kare kansu daga waɗannan dabbobin. Da yawa daga cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na bauta da ke bautar karnuka.

A zamanin yau, waɗannan sune masu farauta masu sauƙi, a wata hanya ta tsari, suna cin abinci mara lafiya da dabbobi masu rauni, har da gawawwakinsu. Kayaran 'yan Kaya sune kawai abubuwan rarrafe wadanda suke kama da mai yiwuwa ga magabatansu, da magabatansu.

Cayman kada

Kyakyawan kaho (Caiman crocodilus) - ɗayan nau'in halittar caimans, wakilin dangin Alligatoridae. Croan ƙarami mai kama da tsinkaye mai tsayi, mai tsini a gaban. Maza sun isa 2-2.5 m, mata - ba su wuce 1.4 m. Sanyawan samari masu launin shuɗi ne masu launin shuɗi tare da launuka masu duhu da ratsa jiki baki ɗaya, manya sune zaitun-kore. Iya ikon canza launin su dan kadan. A kai, tsakanin sasannin gabannin orbits, mai juzu'i mai jujjuyawa. A wuyan akwai layuka uku na manyan occipital flaps. Mahalli na gida: ruwan jikin mutane daban-daban na ruwa, wasu mayuka na kan teku.

Wani matakala ya dace da bututun ruwa na lita 200 na ɗan lokaci tare da bakin tekun. Sun zama manya tun yana da shekaru huɗu zuwa bakwai - a wannan lokacin abu ne mai yiwuwa a gina mahimman ruwan kifaye. Ga balagaggen kaikon kawanya, jimlar yawan ruwan kifin ya kamata ya zama kimanin lita 1000, wanda yakamata ya haɗa da wurin wanka da zurfin kusan 40 cm (ga ƙananan dabbobi aƙalla 10 cm) da tudu wanda yakamata a ɗora shi kuma ya dace da dabba. Isasa mafi mahimmanci ga haifuwar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Idan ba zai yiwu a shirya wani tsibiri ba, yin rafin da ba shi da zurfi, ko sanya snag domin dabba ta zauna, ta manne fuska daga cikin ruwa. Tunda karnukan daji basa iya hadiye abincin cikin ruwa saboda yawan lebe. A cikin yanayin al'ada, gudanawar ruwa zuwa cikin ramin jiki ana hana shi ta hanyar bawul na musamman. Yayinda yake haɗiye abinci, dole ne ka buɗe shi, kuma idan an haɗu da macijin ƙarƙashin ruwa, kawai zai shaƙa. Sauke jirgin ruwa mai cin nama bai dace da caiman ba.

Tsarin zazzabi ya kamata ya kasance 25-35 ° C a zazzabi na 22-25 ° C. Zai iya zama wutar fitila (a saman da nuna ƙasa) ko fitilun madubi da za su iya ba da dumama "yanki" na gida. Yana da kyau a shigar da dumama a irin wannan don tabbatar da bambancin zazzabi. Haske mai ɗauke da ultraviolet mai taushi tare da zazzagewar 290-320 nm (ultraviolet radiation of zone B) shima kyawawa ne. A dabi'a, crocodiles suna karɓar hasken ultraviolet mai yawa, waɗanda suke buƙata don ma'anar ma'adinan al'ada kuma yana da mahimmanci musamman ga yara dabbobi. Kwantar da hankali a kullun har sati daya - kada ya kamata "ya kashe" daga mintuna daya zuwa biyar, yayin da ake gudanar da zaman mafi kyau akan bushewar fata. A lokacin rani, a zazzabi wanda ba ya ƙarancin digiri +25, zaku iya yawo gidanku - ku fitar da shi na awa ɗaya ko rabin sa'a zuwa wurin da yake da kariya daga iska.

Don ƙirƙirar gilashin aquaterrarium ya kamata a yi amfani da kauri, in ba haka ba dabbobin zasu iya karya shi da wutsiya. Kayan aiki (masu tacewa da masu zafi) dole ne a tsaftace su da kafaffun kafaɗa, kuma abubuwan amintattu suna kariya daga samunwar dabbobi, in ba haka ba waya mai fashewa na iya haifar da matsala. Ya kamata kuma a samar da iska mai kyau.

Kulawa da masarar a cikin farfajiyar gidan ya kasance mai sauqi, musamman idan da akwai tsarin magudanar ruwa a cikin rakinta don kar ta sake shiga tsakaninta da macijin. Yawancin lokaci ya isa ya canza ruwa sau ɗaya a mako, amma ya dogara da ciyarwa da kasancewar matatar a cikin ɗakin. Tsabtataccen ruwa yanayi ne mai mahimmanci don gyara; saboda haka, ya zama dole a samar da tsarin aikin ruwa mai aiki da sauyawa na yau da kullun.

Mafi yawan "saurin" macijin na iya ciji baki daya ba tare da bata lokaci ba, ba tare da gargadi ba - daga yanayin da alama a zahiri. Better samu safofin hannu masu kauri. Duk da bayyanar daɗaɗɗar ɓarna, lu'ulu'u suna da matukar tsufa, musamman cikin ruwa. Amma a cikin ƙasa, caimans na iya zama mai motsi sosai, dabbobi suna gudu da sauri kuma suna iya tsalle, idan an tallafa musu ta hanyar talla, suna iya hawan dutse. Baya ga haƙoran haƙora, crocodiles suna da wani makami mai ƙarfi - wutsiya. Busa busa suna da ƙarfi sosai. Hatsari mai hatsarin gaske shine idan ka kasance a gefen kada. Da fari dai, wannan shine yankin yajin aiki, kuma abu na biyu, dabbar ba tayi gaba ba, amma a gefenta. Ta haka ne, kun kasance a cikin hadari sau biyu. Idan dabbar ta yanke hukuncin kare kanta, za ta buge da wutsiyarta, kuma idan tana son cin abincin rana, zata yi amfani da hakora.

Ciyar da 'yan kwalliya

Hanyar mafi haɗari ita ce ciyarwa. Dabba zai ga hannunka yana riƙe abincin. In ba haka ba, mai rarrafe yana haɓaka bayyananniyar amsa ga hannun tare da abinci - zai amsa hannun a matsayin ciyarwa. Sabili da haka, ana bada shawara don ciyar tare da dogon hancin, sandunansu ko jefa abinci kusa da dabba. A crocodile na iya haɓaka kayan haɗin dandano iri iri: ɗaya shine, kuma ya ƙi nau'in abincin. Kada ku ci gaba game da dabba, tsallake ingsan abinci, zai fara cinye abincin da aka bayar. Haka kuma, karnuka na iya matsananciyar yunwa.

Matsakaita na ciyar da kawun 'kwayayen doki yana dogara da yawan zafin jiki (lokacin da yake zafi, da yake yawan ci da mataimakin shi) da shekaru. Yara dabbobi suna cin abinci sau da yawa, kusan kowace rana. Yayin da kake girma, adadin abinci guda ɗaya yana ƙaruwa, kuma yawan ciyar yana raguwa zuwa sau ɗaya zuwa biyu a mako. Ta iyakance ciyarwa, zaku iya tsara haɓakar dabbobi kuma ku sami raguwar kada. Dole ne ayi amfani da wannan hanyar a hankali, don gujewa ƙoshin shan wahala da ƙarancin bitamin.

Abincin babban kaiman dattijo yana kamar haka: guda na nama mai kyau, kifi (ba tare da gungun ƙasusuwa ba, in ba haka ba yana iya ƙare da baƙin ciki ga caiman), bera, mollus ɗin, kifi, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna ciyar da rai,
Zai fi kyau ciyar da jarirai kawai tare da kwaro, kwari, mice, kaji, da manyan kwari (ayau, manyan nau'oin ciye-ciye) da kuma mollus (Achatina, Ampularia). Babban abu shine cewa abubuwan ciyarwa suna da lafiya.

Shirye-shiryen bitamin-ma'adinai, wanda a hade tare da iska mai guba a cikin iska yana da mahimmanci don haɓakar al'ada da rigakafin cututtuka, lallai ne a kara wa abincin. Sau ɗaya a wata tare da abinci, yana da kyau a ba da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta da kayan abinci masu ma'adinai (Reptiminiral, Reptical, Reptovit da sauransu).

Caarfafa Karamin Kaya

Shekaru hudun zuwa bakwai, 'yan kwaya masu kara lalacewa suna yin jima'i. Kwayar cuta da kwanciya qwai suna faruwa a cikin shekara. Kafin shimfiɗa, mace ta gina gida tare da diamita na kimanin 1.5 m da tsawo na 20 cm cm A cikin ɓoye akwai ƙwai 15-30 63-38 mm. Tsawon lokacin shiryawa a zazzabi na 30-32 ° C shine kwanaki 80-86. A wannan lokacin, shi ne mafi alh notri kada ka share da mata. Suna tsaron gida sosai kuma suna iya tayar da hankali. Yara an haife su da kewayon kusan 20 cm kuma a shirye suke ci kwari, kwaro da ƙoshin yara.

A shirye-shiryen kiwo, tabbatar da cewa za a gudanar da yanayin girke-girke na mace kuma ku ba da shirye-shiryen bitamin da ke dauke da bitamin E tare da abinci. A kan tudu ya kamata a sanya abubuwa da yawa don gina gida - ganye, ƙananan rassa, gansakuka. Bayan ƙyamar jariran, ya kamata a saukad da su daga manya.

Ya ku baƙi shafin yanar gizon kantin dabbobi "Flora Fauna", yanzu zaku iya tambaya ku amsa namu. Wannan yafi dacewa fiye da cikin maganganun)) Kuna iya shiga (shiga cikin rukunin yanar gizon) ta hanyar hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa.

Bayyanar

Wannan ƙaramar keɓaɓɓun ce da ke da tsayi mai tsayi, ƙyallen falon gaban da manyan hakora. Maza da suka balaga na wannan nau'in, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun kasance daga 1.8 zuwa 2 m tsawon, yayin da mata suke karami, yawanci kusan 1.2-1.4 m. Yawan jikin mutum yawanci yana daga 7 zuwa 40 kg. Matsakaicin girman da aka yi rikodin wannan nau'in shine 2.2 m, kodayake akwai rahotannin dabbobi da suka wuce mita 2.5 da nauyinsu ya kai kilo 58. Matar da aka fi sani da aka ruwaito an ruwaito cewa 1.61 m tsawo kuma tana nauyin 20 kg. Caymans daga Venezuela sun fi girma daga samfurori daga Mexico. Daya daga cikin sunayen wannan nau'in ("calen gilashin caiman") ya fito ne daga gaban kabarin kashi tsakanin idanu, wanda yake kama da shagunan tabarau.

Matasa 'yan kwalliya suna launin rawaya a launi tare da baƙi baƙi da ratsi a duk faɗin jiki, manya suna ruwan zaitun-kore. Suna iya canza launin su kaɗan, wanda aka samar da ƙwayoyin melanophore na fata. Don haka, a cikin yanayin sanyi suna yin duhu. Peungiyar Cayman ta bambanta da launi, girman da sifar kwanyar.

Cayman mai ban sha'awa

Shi mai crocodile ko caiman talakawa ne tare da sanannun ƙungiyoyi uku, waɗanda ke bambanta su da girman kwanyar, daidai da launi. Matasa suna da launuka masu haske, galibi launin rawaya, tare da sananniyar ratsi / tabo a jiki baki ɗaya. Yellowness ya ɓace yayin da yake tsufa. Haka kuma, da farko ya shimfiɗa sannan kuma ƙirar akan jikin ta ɓace. Manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna samin launi na zaitun.

Wadannan 'yan dabbobin suna da fasalin da suka danganci dinosaurs mai burbushin halitta - alamar tsinkayen triangular akan ɓangaren ƙwayar ƙananan ƙwayoyin ido na sama. Matsakaicin matsakaitan mace shine 1.5-2 m, namiji shine 2-2.5 m .. Kattai waɗanda ke girma har zuwa mita 3 suna da matuƙar wuya a tsakanin mutanen ƙasar.

Wide Cayman

Wani lokacin ana kiranta daɗaɗɗa-nono.Matsakaicin matsakaici bai wuce 2 m ba, kuma ƙattai na 3.5 m sun fi yiwuwa ban da dokar. Ya samu sunan shi godiya ga manyan murabba'i (wanda garkuwar kasusuwa ke gudana) tare da wuraren da aka sani. Caraarfafa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura mai cike da ƙusoshin ossified ya ƙunshi bayan asirin.

An kawata dabbobi manya a wani zaren zazzage mai ban sha'awa: arewa takamammun 'yan kwalliya suna rayuwa, duhu duhu inuwa da kuma biyun.

Asalin gani da kwatancin

A cikin asalin maganin kafewar, masanan sun yarda cewa magabatansu na da daɗewa ba halittu ne - pseudosuchia. Sun rayu shekaru miliyan 230 da suka shude kuma sun ba da cincin dinosaur da karnuka. Iman tsoffin al'adun gargajiyar sun bambanta da wakilan zamani na halittar ta hanyar tazara mai tsayi da kuma gajeriyar magana. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 65 da suka shude, dinosaur ya lalace, kuma karnukan daji, gami da caimans, sun sami damar daidaitawa kuma tsira a cikin sabon yanayi.

Yakarsky cayman

Shi ɗan Paraguay ne, ko Jacara. Ba shi da tallafi kuma yana da kama da na caiman ɗin gilashi, wanda aka sa shi kwanan nan. A wani lokaci ana kiran Jacara piranha caiman saboda takamaiman bakin, wanda dogon hakoransa ke ƙaruwa sama da iyakar muƙamuƙin sama kuma yayi ramuka a ciki.

Yawancin lokaci yana girma har zuwa 2 m, m sau da yawa har zuwa uku. Kamar danginsa, yana da makamai a ciki - harsashi don kariya daga cizon kifayen da ake fuskanta.

Bidiyo: Cayman

Halin halittar dan adam wani bangare ne na dangi mai karshan, amma babu kai tsaye, amma yana fice a zaman wani yanki mai zaman kansa sakamakon fasalin fasalin ginin waje. A jikin caiman din ana aiwatar da juyin halitta, an samar da tsarin kasusuwa a cikin nau'ikan farantin da ke hade da motsi mai motsawa. Irin wannan "garkuwa" mai kariya yana kiyaye garken katanga daga harin kifayen da ke lalata. Wani fasalin da ya bambanta daga waɗannan halittu masu rarrafe shine rashin ƙyamar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin kogon hanci, saboda haka kwanyar take da kullun hanci.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: "Caimans, sabanin alligators da macizai na ainihi, ba su da glandon gland a cikin yanayin idanun, don haka ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai tasirin gaske ba."

Tsarin jikin ruwan kawa yana dacewa da rayuwa a cikin yanayin ruwa. Don sauƙaƙewa cikin ruwa kuma ba zato ba tsammani ta bugi wanda aka azabtar, jikin caiman ya lalace a tsayi, kansa yana da faffada tare da wuƙaƙƙiyar hannu, gajerun kafafu da kuma wutsiya mai ƙarfi. A idanun akwai membranes na musamman waɗanda suke rufe lokacin da aka nitse cikin ruwa. A doron ƙasa, waɗannan mutanen da suke kusa da juna na iya motsawa cikin sauri, kuma matasa matasa ma zasu iya yin nasara.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: “Caymans suna iya samar da sauti. A cikin manya, wannan sauti na tunatar da kare da kare, da kuma a cikin jariran caiman - tsintsiyar rana. ”

Halittar caiman ya hada da nau'ikan 5, wanda biyu daga cikinsu (Cayman latirostris da veneti-lensis) sun riga sun lalace.

A halin yanzu, a cikin yanayi, zaku iya samun nau'ikan caymanas 3:

• Karin Cayman ko na talakawa, abin kallo (yana da ragi huɗu),
• Cayman wide-mouthed ko m-nosed (no subspepe),
• Cayman Paraguayan ko Piranha, Yakar (babu ragi).

Rayuwa, hali

Kusan dukkanin mutanen sanet sun fi son zama a cikin laka, hade da muhalli. Yawancin lokaci ita ce raɓar kogunan koguna da koramu da ke gudana a cikin daji: a nan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna ɗora fuskokinsu saboda mafi yawan rana.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Idan mai shararren ya yi zafi, ya zama yashi mai haske (don haskakawa hasken rana).

A cikin fari, lokacin da ruwa ya ɓace, caimans sun mamaye sauran tafkunan, suna haɗuwa cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi. Caimans, kodayake su mafarauta ne, har yanzu basu kai haɗarin kai harin mutane da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa ba. An yi bayanin wannan ta hanyar ƙananan ƙarancin su, da kuma peculiarities na psyche: 'yan asalin ƙasa sun fi aminci da tsoro fiye da sauran masu sifofin.

Caymans (musamman Kudancin Amurka) suna canza launin su, ba da izinin nuna alama cewa suna da zafi ko sanyi. Shaidun gani da ido sun ce da sanyin safiya fata wani dabba mai sanyi yana kama da launin toka, launin ruwan kasa har ma da baki. Da zaran sanyi na dare ya shuɗe, fatar sannu a hankali ta haskaka, ta juye zuwa wani datti mai datti.

Caimans sun iya yin fushi, kuma yanayin sautikan da aka yi ya dogara da shekaru. Matasan 'yan koran sankarau sukan yi magana a takaice kuma tare da wata alama, suna furta wani abu mai kama da “kraaaa”. Tsofaffi sukan yi ta tuntuɓe cikin dogon lokaci, har ma, bayan sun gama karatun, sai buɗe bakin a buɗe. Bayan wani lokaci, bakin a hankali ya rufe.

Bugu da kari, tsoffin caimans a kai a kai, da babbar murya kuma suna haushi sosai.

Tsawon rayuwa

Kodayake yana da wahala waƙa, ana tsammanin cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, caimans suna rayuwa zuwa shekaru 30-40. A tsawon rayuwarsu, suna, kamar dukkan karnuka, suna “kuka” (cin wanda aka azabtar ko kuma shirya shi kawai).

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Babu motsin rai na ainihi da ke ɓoye a bayan wannan sabon abu. Hawaye masu hawaye suna zubar da jini na halitta daga idanu, wanda kuma gishiri mai yawa yana barin jiki. A takaice dai, 'yan caimans suna zube idanunsu.

Ina ma'aikacin gidan ke zaune?

Hoto: Dabbobin Cayman

Gidajen wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sosai sunada yawa kuma ya dogara ne akan fifikon nau'in jinsunan caiman. Yankakken yanki na maganin kaho yana da wurare masu zafi da kuma ƙarƙashin ƙasa na kudanci da tsakiyar Amurka. An samo shi daga Guatemala da Mexico zuwa Peru da Brazil. Ofayan ɗaukacin ƙasashensu (reshinsa) ana sake buɗe shi a kan yankin ƙasashe Amurkawa masu iyaka da Tekun Caribbean, (Kuba, Puerto Rico).

Yabon kawancin maciji yana fifita tafkuna tare da tsaftataccen ruwa, kusa da ƙananan koguna da tafkuna, da kuma ƙananan lamuran ƙasa. Ga wani ɗan gajeren lokaci zai iya rayuwa cikin ruwan gishiri, bai fi kwana biyu ba.

Dabarar da ke da dumu-dumu ce mafi tsayayya da yanayin zafi, saboda haka ana samun ta bakin tekun Atlantika a cikin ruwan Brazil, da Paraguay, Bolivia, da arewacin Argentina. Wetlands da ƙananan kogin yana gudana tare da sabo, wani lokacin ruwan gishiri ɗan ɗanɗana ya zama wurin zaman da ya fi so. Hakanan yana iya daidaitawa a tafkunan kusa da gidajen mutane.

Paraguay Cayman ta fi son zama a cikin yanayin zafi. Tana zaune a kudancin Brazil da Bolivia, a arewacin Argentina, Paraguay a cikin ƙananan layukan yankuna. Sau da yawa ana iya gani tsakanin tsibirin tsire-tsire masu iyo.

Menene caiman yake ci?

Hoto: Cayman Alligator

Kayan, ba kamar sauran manyan dangin da suke da su ba, ba su dace da cin manyan dabbobi ba. Wannan gaskiyar ta faru ne saboda tsarin muƙamula, ƙaramin girman jiki, da kuma jin kunya na farkon waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe.

Yawancin mazaunan cikin yankuna masu dausayi, 'yan kwalliya za su iya amfana daga waɗannan dabbobin:

• na cikin ruwa na ratsa jiki da katako,
• 'yan amphibians
• kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe,
• kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Abincin dabbobi na dabbobi yana mamaye kwari da suka sauka akan ruwa. Yayin da suke girma, sun canza zuwa cin manyan abubuwan baits - crustaceans, mollusks, kifin kogi, frogs, kananan rodents. Manya sun sami damar ciyar da kansu da karamin capybara, anaconda mai haɗari, kunkuru.

Caimans suna hadiye abubuwan abincinsu ba tare da sun cije shi ba. Wani banbanci ne kunkuru tare da ƙaura mai kauri. Ga masu alaƙa da gargadin Paraguayan, katantan ruwa shine ƙarancin kulawa. Saboda wannan fifikon abincin, ana daukar waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe a matsayin tafkunan tafkuna, tunda suna tsara lambobin waɗannan mollusks.

Wani suna na Paraguayan caiman shine piranha, saboda yana cin waɗannan kifayen da ake tsammani, ta haka za'a tsara girman adadinsu. Caimans kuma suna da maganganun cututtukan mutane.

Habitat, mazauni

Mafi yawan mazauninsu alfahari talakawa caymanwanda ke zaune cikin Amurka da jihohi da yawa na Kudancin / Tsakiyar Amurka: Brazil, Costa Rica, Kolombiya, Cuba, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guyana, Guatemala, Guiana Faransa, Honduras, Nicaragua, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, Tobago da Venezuela.

Gilashin tabarau ba a haɗe suke da jikin ruwan, kuma zaban su, yafi son ruwa. Yawancin lokaci yana zaune a cikin kusancin koguna da tabkuna, da kuma a cikin ƙananan lamuran ƙasa. Yana jin daɗi a lokacin damina, kuma yana jure wa fari da kyau. Za a iya yin kwana biyu a cikin ruwan gishiri. A lokacin rani, yakan ɓoye cikin ramuka ko kuma ya lalata cikin laka na ruwa.

Rangearin matattara matsa caiman fadi. Yana zaune a gabar tekun Atlantika ta arewacin Argentina, a cikin Paraguay, a kan ƙananan tsibiran kudu maso gabashin Brazil, a Bolivia da Uruguay. Wannan nau'in (tare da yanayin rayuwa mai kyau na musamman) yana zaune swamps da ciyayi mai tsayi mai tsawo tare da ruwa mai kyau. Fiye da sauran wurare, mai daɗaɗɗun ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ruwa yana ƙaunar rafuka masu hankali a cikin gandun daji mai yawa

Ba kamar sauran jinsunan ba, yana yarda da yanayin zafi da kyau sosai, saboda haka, yana zaune a tsaunin 600 m sama da matakin teku. Yana jin kwanciyar hankali game da mazaunin ɗan adam, alal misali, a tafkunan wuraren da ake shirya makiyayar dabbobi.

Mafi tsananin zafi-ƙawancen garuruwan zamani - Yakarsky, mazauninsa ya mamaye Paraguay, kudancin Brazil da arewacin Argentina. Zhakare ya zauna a cikin fadama da kuma rami mai laushi, galibi ya rikita shi a tsibiran kogi. Gasar wuraren tafkuna tare da mai daɗaɗɗun dabaru, yana tara jama'a don ƙarshe na mafi kyawun wurin zama.

Siffofin hali da salon rayuwa

Hoto: Dabbobin Cayman

Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe galibi suna rayuwa a raye kuma wasu lokuta zasu iya rayuwa cikin nau'i-nau'i ko a rukuni, yawanci yayin lokacin kiwo. Lokacin da lokacin bushewa ya zo, sukan tattara cikin gungun mutane don neman tafkunan da ba su bushe ba tukuna.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: "A lokacin fari, wasu wakilai na caimans sun yi zurfi cikin rami da ɓoyewa."

Domin manufar kisa a cikin rana, caimans sun gwammace su zauna cikin laka ko a tsakanin ciyayi, inda zasu iya, ɓoyewa, kwanciyar hankali a rana mafi yawan lokaci. Mansararruwar da aka laraurata zata koma cikin ruwa da sauri. Mace suna zuwa ƙasa don yin gida a can kuma su sa ƙwai.

Da daddare, da zaran yamma, wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna farauta a duniyar duniyar su. Lokacin farauta, sai su nitse cikin ruwa, suna rufe hanci da idanu kawai.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: “A cikin tsarin idanun magidanta, akwai igiyoyi da yawa fiye da cones. Saboda haka, suna ganin daidai da dare. "

Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ba su da kwanciyar hankali, lumana harma da fargaba a yanayi, saboda haka basa kaiwa mutane hari da manyan dabbobi da manufar farauta. Wannan halin shi ne wani bangare saboda girman girman su. Caimans suna rayuwa ne daga shekaru 30 zuwa arba'in, a zaman fursuna, tsadar rayuwa ta guntu.

Abinci, hakar ma'adinai

Cayman mai ban sha'awa A abinci yana da wadatuwa, yana cinye duk wanda ba ya jin tsoronsa da girmansu. Matasa masu cin gashin kansu suna cin abinci mai ƙoshin ruwa, gami da ɓarna, kwari, da mollusks. Balagagge - canzawa zuwa vertebrates (kifi, dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians da tsuntsaye na ruwa).

Mariman da ya mutu yana ba da damar farautar babban wasa, alal misali, aladu na daji. An kama wannan nau'in a cikin cin naman mutane: 'yan kunar kunar gargaji kada su cinye takwarorinsu a lokacin fari (in babu abincin da aka saba).

Abinda aka fi so fadila cayman - katantan ruwa. Dabbobin dabbobi masu shaye-shaye na karkatar da ƙwayoyin halittar ƙasa suna ba da sha'awa.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! Snaarshe katantanwa, caimans suna ba da sabis mai mahimmanci ga manoma, kamar yadda mollusks ke lalata dabbobi tare da tsutsotsi masu parasitic (yan daskararrun cututtuka).

Caimans sun zama kayan aikin jinya, na share su daga katantanwa da ke lalata dabbobi. Ragowar dabbobi, da kuma amphibians da kifi, suna zuwa kan tebur ba sau da yawa. Manya suna cin abinci a kan kunkuru na kunkuru, wanda ƙwanƙwaran ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayarsa ke dannawa kamar kwayoyi.

Paraguayyan Cayman, kamar manyan-nosed, Yana son yin pamper da kanta tare da katantanwa na ruwa. Wani lokaci yakan kan kama kifi, har ma sau da yawa - macizai da kwaɗi. Matasa masu cin gashin kansu suna cin mollusks kawai, bayan shekara uku suna hawa akan layi.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hoto: Caiman Cub

A cikin yawan man, a matsayin yanki na kayan gini, akwai matsayi a tsakanin maza dangane da girman jikin mutum da na balaga. Wato, a cikin wata keɓaɓɓiyar mazauna, kawai mafi girma da kuma jima'i namiji ne da aka ɗauke shi rinjaye kuma zai iya asali. Sauran 'yan matan da ke rayuwa tare da shi a wannan rukunin ba su da damar samun damar kiwo.

Ana daukar Caimans da balaga, tun da ya kai tsawon lokacin tsufa yana da shekaru 4 zuwa 7. Haka kuma, mace sunada girma fiye da maza. Lokacin da ya dace da haihuwar yana iya kasancewa daga Mayu zuwa Agusta. A lokacin damina, mace tana yin sheƙunansu don kwanciya ƙwai, ba da nisa da tafki a cikin bishiyoyi ko a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi. An kafa gidaje daga tsire-tsire da yumbu, kuma wani lokacin suna haƙa rami a cikin yashi.

Don adana zuriya, macen zata iya gina gidaje da yawa ko kuma a haɗa tare da wasu don ƙirƙirar gida ɗaya, sannan kuma a lura da ita tare. Wani lokaci har ma namiji zai iya lura da gida yayin da mace take farauta. Femaleaya mace tana saka ƙwai 15-40 na girman ɗanyi ko ƙwayayen kaza. Don daidaikun mutane mata da maza su yi kyankyasai a cikin ɗayan, mace ta sanya ƙwai a cikin shimfiɗa biyu don ƙirƙirar bambancin zazzabi.

Balagagge ciki na faruwa tsakanin kwanaki 70-90. A watan Maris, an shirya samun ƙananan caimans. Suna haifar da sautin “croaking” sai uwa ta fara tona su. Sannan a cikin bakin yana canza su zuwa tafki. A cikin ci gaba na girma, dabbobin dabbobi koyaushe suna kusa da mahaifiyarsu, wanda ke kiyaye su daga abokan gaba na waje. Oneaya mace tana iya kare ba wai kawai ɗiyanta ba, har ma baƙi. Individuals matasa matasa masu haɓaka na haɓaka cikin shekaru biyu na farko, sannan haɓakar su ta ragu. Ofungiyar haɓaka caimans nan da nan ta bambanta mafi girma da kuma yawan masu aiki, za su ci gaba da kasancewa kan gaba a cikin abubuwan da suka manyanta.

Caiman kiwo

Duk caimans suna yin biyayya ga madaidaicin matsayi yayin da halin magabacin ya dogara da girma da haihuwa. A cikin maza masu ƙarancin matsayi, girma yana raguwa (saboda damuwa). Sau da yawa, irin waɗannan mazan ba a yarda su kiwo ba.

Balaga ta jima'i na mace na faruwa ne da kimanin shekaru 4-7, lokacin da ta girma ya kai kimanin mitoci miliyan 2. Maza suna shirye don matsu a daidai wannan shekar. Gaskiya ne, sun riski abokan zama cikin girma, suna kai mita 1.5-1.6 a wannan lokacin.

Lokacin kiwo yana daga Mayu zuwa Agusta, amma kwanciya kwai yakan faru ne kafin lokacin damina, a watan Yuli - Agusta. Mace na tsunduma cikin shirya gida, ta tsare babban tsari (daga yumbu da tsire-tsire) a ƙarƙashin tsirrai da bishiyoyi. A bakin kofofin buɗe ido, filayen caiman suna da matuƙar wuya.

Abin ban sha'awa ne! A cikin abin da mace ke kiyaye ta, yawanci ƙwai 15-20 ne, wasu lokuta adadi ya kai 40. Croyancin kabewa bayan kwana 70-90. Babbar barazanar ta fito ne daga tag, carzosus lizards masu haushi wanda yakai kashi 80% na caccanje.

Sau da yawa, mace na sanya ƙwai a cikin shimfiɗa guda biyu don ƙirƙirar bambancin zazzabi wanda ke ƙayyade jima'i da tayi, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa adadin '' maza 'da' '' yan mata 'a cikin tsintsiya ya yi daidai.

Hatyayan jariran suna tsinkewa da babbar murya, uwa tana lalata gida inda ta ja su zuwa ga ruwa mafi kusa. Mata yawanci ba sa lura da 'ya'yansu kawai, har ma da makwabta na Caimans, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da uwarsu.

Wani lokaci ma namiji yakan kalli jaririn, yana ɗaukar ayyukan tsaro, yayin da abokin tarayya zai fita don samun cizo. Matasa suna raka mahaifiyarsu na dogon lokaci, suna kwance cikin geese kuma suna tafiya tare da matattarar ruwa tare.

Abokan Halitta na Caymans

Duk da cewa 'yan dabbobin dabbobin dabbobi na riga kafirai ne, amma su kansu suna daga cikin jerin abincin manyan mutane kuma masu fada aji. Duk nau'ikan caimans guda uku na iya zama ganima ga jaguars, manyan anacondas, manyan maɗaukaki, garken manyan karnuka. Kasancewar suna zaune a wannan shafin tare da ainihin kekeni da baƙi na fata (wannan shine karfen da ke Kudancin Amurka), waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe galibi sukan zama masu cutar da su.

Bayan kwanciya qwai, bai kamata mace tayi wani karamin kokarin da haquri don kare gida da qirjinta daga manyan shaye-shaye ba, wadanda suke lalata har zuwa kashi hudu cikin xarin na caiman.A zamanin yau, mutane suna daga cikin abokan gaban magabtansu.

Mutumin yana da irin wannan mummunan tasirin akan yawan caiman:

• Yana cutar da mazaunin gida - wannan ya hada da gandun daji, gurɓataccen tafki da datti daga tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki, magudanar ayyukan gona,
• Decreasearin raguwa a adadin mutane a sakamakon tarnaki. Fatar waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ke da wuyar aiwatarwa don kera kayayyakin fata, kaɗai keɓance shi ne kyakkyawan bayyanar. Kandaran dodo, saboda karamin girmansu da yanayin zaman lafiya, ana kama su a siyarwa a cikin gidajen jama'a.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: "A cikin 2013, 'yan sa-kai da ke zaune a Tsibirin National Tortuguero a Costa Rica sun kamu da guba a jikinsu wanda ya shiga Kogin Rio Suerta daga filayen shuka."

Yawan jama'a da matsayinsu

Hoto: Can Cayman

Yawan mutane a cikin caiman ya ragu sosai a tsakiyar karni na 20 sakamakon kamawa da kasuwanci. Wannan gaskiyar tarihi ta faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a wannan lokacin karnukan daji masu nau'in fata masu mahimmanci suna gab da warwatse. Sabili da haka, mutane, don sake cika kasuwar fata fata tare da albarkatun ƙasa, sun fara farautar 'yan biranen fata, duk da cewa fatar jikinsu ta dace don sarrafawa kawai daga bangarorin jikin.

Fata na Cayman ba shi da ƙima (kusan sau 10), amma a lokaci guda, ya cika mahimmancin kasuwar duniya a yau. Duk da girman illar ɗan adam, an adana yawan caiman godiya saboda matakan kare wannan nau'in dabbobi da matuƙar karbuwarsu ga yanayin zama. A cikin maganin kawancen crocodile, kimanin adadin mutane a cikin yawan mutane miliyan 1 ne, a cikin yawan ƙwayoyin caimans - 250-500 dubu, kuma a cikin Paraguay wannan adadi yana da ƙananan ƙananan - 100-200 dubu.

Tunda 'yan biranen garuruwa sune kaddara, a dabi'ance suna taka rawa a cikin tsari. Cin ƙananan ƙwayoyi, macizai, mollusks, beetles, tsutsotsi, ana ɗaukar su tsabtace yanayin tsirrai. Kuma godiya ga yawan amfani da piranhas, suna tallafawa yawan adadin kifin da baya iya yankewa. Bugu da ƙari, caimans suna haɓaka ƙananan rafuffuka tare da nitrogen da ke ƙunshe cikin sharar dabbobi.

Garkuwan Cayman

Hoto: Littafin Cayman

Duk nau'ikan caimans guda uku suna ƙarƙashin shirin kare cinikin dabbobi na CITES. Tun da yawan kwayayen kwararogin hawaye sunada yawa, an jera su cikin shafi ta II na wannan Yarjejeniyar. Dangane da appendix, wadannan nau'ikan caimans na iya zama cikin haɗarin wargajewa yayin kasuwancin da ba a kulawa da su na wakilan su. A Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil Brazil ire-irensu suna karkashin kariya, kuma a Panama da Kolombiya farautarsu tana da iyaka. A Cuba da Puerto Rico, an dasa shi musamman a wuraren rami na gida don kiwo.

A gefe guda, Aiman ​​Kaporisiyanci caiman, wanda ke zaune a kudu maso gabashin Kolombiya, an haɗa shi a cikin Shafi na 1 na Babban taron CITES, wato, wannan nau'in ana barazanar rushewa kuma ana iya ciniki dashi kawai banda. Babu wakilai sama da dubu ɗaya na wannan tallafin. Hakanan an hada da shimfidar kwalliyar kwalliya na caimans a cikin CITES Convention Annex I, mai yiwuwa saboda fata shine mafi dacewa don yin samfuran fata daga ita. Bugu da kari, galibi suna kokarin bada shi a matsayin karya ne mai ingancin fata mai launin alligator.

Jinsunan Paraguay caiman an jera su a cikin International Red Book. Don haɓaka yawan jama'arta, an tsara shirye-shirye na musamman waɗanda ke gudana a Bolivia, Argentina, da Brazil. A Argentina da Brazil, suna ƙoƙarin haifar da dabbobin da ke cikin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe, don samar da yanayi a gare su cikin "gonar macizo". Kuma a Bolivia, sun daidaita da yadda ake kiwo a vivo.

Caiman sai dabbobi da ba a sani ba da suke rayuwa a duniyarmu. Suna da ban sha'awa ga labarin su, baƙar fata kuma, a lokaci guda, bayyanar firgita, kazalika da salon rayuwa mai ban tsoro. Tunda sune mafi dadewa mazaunan Duniya, suna da hakkin girmamawa da goyan baya daga bil'adama.

Bayanin crocodiles

Kuka-kumbura - girma, mai yawa mita a girman, tare da karfin gaske mai ban sha'awa da kuma masu rarrafe masu jini a jijiyoyinmu sun bayyana a cikin kasa a lokaci guda kamar yadda ake amfani da dinosaur. Sune zuriya ce kai tsaye ta tsoffin dabbobin tarihi wadanda suka rayu a zamanin Mesozoic. Bayyanar karkiya, hanyar rayuwarta, hanyar samun abinci da halaye har yanzu suna tunatar da wannan dangi.

Jiki, wutsiya da kafafu an lullube su da fata mai nauyi wanda ya jujjuya faranti, kamar yadda aka ambata tsiren ruwan teku, wanda sunan sa ya fito. Crocodilos, wanda aka fassara daga Girkanci, ma'anarsa shine "tsutsa tsutsa." Kodayake tsutsotsi ba komai bane na yau da kullun, amma yana da girman gaske. Girman karnuka, dangane da nau'in halittu, sunada nisan 2x zuwa mita 6, kuma nauyinsu ya kai kusan ton. Hakanan ana samun manya-manyan mutane, don haka hadakuran yawu na iya kaiwa nauyin kilogram 2000. Mace yawanci kusan rabin girman maza ne.

Dangane da rarrabuwar data kasance, crocodiles real ne, alligators da gavials. Tsarin gaba ɗayan nau'ikan yana da kama da yawa kuma an saba da shi don rayuwa a cikin yanayin ruwa: jiki mara laushi, lebur, tare da dogon jinya, kai, dogon wutsiya a ƙarshen damfara daga tarnaƙi da gajerun kafafu. A kan goshin, yatsunsu 5, a kan kafafu biyu na huxu 4, hulɗa da membranes. Idanu tare da ɗalibai na tsaye, hanci yana saman saman kai, wanda ya ba da damar kada, nutsuwa cikin ruwa, numfashi da yardar rai kuma yana ganin komai a yankin. Suna da hangen nesa mai zurfi na dare, ramin kunne da hanci na iya rufewa ta hanyar ɗoki na fata.

Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da tsarin numfashi na asali. Suna da manyan huhu waɗanda ke riƙe da iska mai yawa wanda zai basu damar riƙe numfashinsu na dogon lokaci. Musamman tsokoki a kusa da huhu na iya motsa iska a cikin huhu dangane da tsakiyar nauyi, ta haka ake tsara buoyancy. Diaphragm daga ƙwayar haɗin haɗin gwiwar zai iya kawar da gabobin ciki a cikin shugabanci na tsaye, wanda ke canza tsakiyar nauyi na jiki, yana samar da matsayin da ake so a jiki da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa. Kari akan haka, nasopharynx ya rabu da bakin bakin ta ta palate kashi na biyu, saboda wanda macijin zai iya rufe bakinsa a karkashin ruwa, yayin da yake ci gaba da yin numfashi tare da hancinsa wanda yake saman ruwa, kuma labulen palatine da bawul na musamman ba su barin ruwa ya shiga cikin makogwaron numfashi.

A kada yana da tsarin wurare dabam dabam na jini. Zuciya tana da daki biyu mai dauke da atria da ventricles biyu, septum ya raba ta. Amma tsari na musamman, idan ya cancanta, ya tanada a cikin aorta, yana kaiwa ga tsarin narkewa, musanyawar jijiyar jini tare da venous, cike da carbon dioxide, wanda ke haɓaka samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki da haɓaka tsarin narkewa. Saboda haka, kada miya ta hadiye abinci cikin manyan ko kuma duka, har yanzu tana narkewa. Jininsa ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke hana kamuwa da cuta ko da a cikin ruwa mai datti. Bugu da kari, haemoglobin a cikin jinin kada ya dauke oxygen sau da yawa fiye da na dabbobin ƙasa da na mutane, don haka karnuka suna iya riƙe numfashinsu kuma, ba tare da iyo ta ruwa ba, suna ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa awanni 2.

Tsarin narkewa na crocodiles shima yana da halaye na kansa. Don haka ana sabunta haƙoran haƙoransu koyaushe a cikin shekaru biyu, don haka ba sa tsoron asarar haƙori, zai ci gaba da sabon salo. Da haƙori haƙora ne a ciki kuma cikin wannan rami mai maye ya haɓaka, kamar yadda aka goge hakorin ko ya karye, ya rigaya ya shirya don maye gurbinsa. Ciki ciki babba da kauri-walled, a ciki akwai duwatsu masu rangwamen ruwa wanda macijin ke nika abinci. Inean ƙananan hanji yana wucewa zuwa hancin tare da isa ga Cloaca. Babu mafitsara kwata-kwata, mai yiwuwa wannan ya faru ne saboda rayuwa cikin ruwa.

Cabilu masu rarrafe sun bambanta da juna. A waje, wannan ya bayyana ne a tsarin tsarin jaws. Haƙiƙa maciji yana da wuƙaƙƙen tsoro, kuma tare da rufe baki, haƙora na huɗu na ƙananan muƙamula na ƙwallon waje. Farkon alligator ya zama mara nauyi, kuma tare da rufaffiyar jaws, hakora basa gani. Kari akan haka, ainihin maciji yana da glandan gishiri na musamman a cikin harshensa, kuma idanu suna da glandar lacrimal wadanda ke cire gishiri mai yawa daga jikin kada. An bayyana wannan da abin da ake kira da hawaye, saboda wanda, ainihin macijin zai iya rayuwa cikin ruwan gishiri, kuma mai ba da izini kawai.

Kusan dukkan karuwai, ban da gavial na Ghana masu cin kifi, suna ciyar da abincin dabbobi, ko kuma duk waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin ruwa da kuma yankin gabar teku. Tare da shekaru, abincinsu yana canzawa kaɗan, amma wannan shine mafi kusantar haɓakar su, karuwa a cikin ɗabi'a kuma a ɗabi'ance buƙatar buƙatar ƙarin abinci. Saboda haka, matasa yara kanada yawanci akan kifi da ƙananan invertebrates da amphibians. Mutane manya sun kama kifi mafi girma, macizai na ruwa, kunkuru, katako. Yawancin abin da suka farauto sun zama birai, hares, kangaroos, porcupines, raccoon, martens, mongooses, a takaice duk dabbobin da suke zuwa wurin shayarwa, gami da na gida. Wasu daga cikinsu sun zama cannibals, wato, sukan ci juna. Manyan nau'ikan dabbobi, irin su kogin Nilu, tsefe, dusar kankara, da sauransu, suna iya ma'amala da mutumin da ya fi shi yawa, Don haka, karnukan Nile sau da yawa suna kai hari a kan kwari, buffaloes, dutsen hips, har ma da giwaye. Suna cin abinci da yawa, a lokaci guda ɗan kada ya sami damar ɗaukar abinci daidai da rubu'in nauyinsa. Wani lokaci wani ɓangaren ganima yana ɓoye, kodayake ba ya zama mai ɗaukar nauyi, galibi sauran mafarautan suna kwashe shi.

Cwallaye suna da dabarar da ake farauta ta farauta. Macijin, ya nutse cikin ruwa gaba daya, yana barin idanu da hanci kawai a saman ruwa, a hankali ya tsuguna har ruwan dabbobi, sannan ya kama wanda aka azabtar da shi da sauri ya jefa shi cikin shigar, inda ya nutsar da shi. Idan wanda aka azabtar ya yi tsayayya da ƙarfi, to, sai ya zube, ya zub da guntun tsintsiya, Kada kuci kuci, sai kawai su tsinkaye su su cinye shi, su sha ƙananan dabbobi gaba ɗaya.

Wani fasalin maikonci shine cewa guringuntsi a cikin kasusuwarsa kullum yana girma kuma a sakamakon haka, crocodile da kansa yayi girma duk tsawon rayuwarsa, yana ƙaruwa cikin girman shekaru. Gwargwadon kadawar zai iya tantance shekarun sa. Kuma an ba shi cewa wasu nau'ikan karnuka suna rayuwa har zuwa 70-80 ko fiye da shekaru, ba abin mamaki bane cewa akwai manyan mutane masu yawan halittar waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Bugu da kari, kada karnuka basa lalacewa tsawon rayuwar su, fatar jikin su tayi girma tare da su kuma tsawon wadannan shekaru ƙasusuwa kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai. Enedananan launuka masu laushi na fatar kan fata, ana shirya su cikin layuka na yau da kullun, ƙarshe sun zama harsashi na ainihi wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba Saboda wannan fata mai ƙarfi ne yasa karnuka suka zama abin farauta ga mutanen da suka dade suna amfani da ita don buƙatunsu. Shekaru da yawa, mutane suna yin takalman fata, jaka, bel, akwatuna, da sauran kayayyaki masu dorewa. Saboda haka, ire-iren jinsunan da suke rayuwa a duniya 'yan shekaru ɗari da suka wuce ma sun shuɗe. Akwai nau'ikan 23 na waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe a duniya yanzu.

Launin fata na fata yana dogara da mazaunin mazauni. Yawancin lokaci yana da kariya mai datti, launin toka, kuma wani lokacin kusan launin launi. Da wuya, albinos ya kasance fararen fata. A cikin daji, irin waɗannan mutane yawanci ba sa rayuwa.

Kamar kowane karnuka masu jin sanyi-sanyi, zafin jiki yana dogara da yawan zafin jiki na yanayi saboda haka suna rayuwa ne kawai a yankuna masu yanayin yanayi. Yankunan Yankuna sun zama ruwan dare a Afirka, Australia da Oceania, a cikin kasashen Indochina, a cikin Amerika. Jikin ruwan sanyi ya fi son nau'ikan jinsin macijin, amma kamar su haduwa da macijin kamar yadda ake dacewa da ruwan gishiri. Ga yawancin nau'ikan karnuka, yawan zafin da ya fi dacewa yana cikin kewayon 32-35 ° C. Yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa 20 da sama 38 ° C babu damuwa a gare su. Sau da yawa zaka iya ganin yadda bakin ya buɗe bakinsa na dogon lokaci. Ana yin wannan ne domin ruwa ya fita daga bakin, ya sanyaya jiki. A irin wannan lokacin, kananan tsuntsaye suna zaune a bakinsa suna tsokaci abincin da ke makale, ta haka ne ya haƙo haƙoransa. Kada ku taɓa waɗannan tsuntsayen saboda haka duk amfaninsu yana da amfani.

Don thermoregulation, waɗannan halittu masu rarrafe a ƙarƙashin faranti na ƙwaya da harsashi suna da osteoderms na musamman waɗanda zasu iya tara zafin rana, saboda zafin jiki a cikin jikinsu yayin rana yawanci bai wuce digiri 1-2 ba. Koyaya, tare da farkon yanayin sanyi ko fari, mutane da yawa suna barci. Suna haƙa ramuka a cikin maɓuɓɓugar a gindin tafkunan bushewa, masu kama da fasa, suna kwance a cikinsu, galibi mutane da yawa tare, har sai da zazzabi mai nutsuwa ya shiga. Kodayake kwanan nan an bayyana cewa wasu nau'ikan karnuka, masu raɗaɗin tsokoki na jiki, zasu iya da kansu dumin jinin, ta haka suna ɗaga yanayin zafin jiki na 5-7 a sama da zazzabi na yanayi.

Iri daban-daban

Ya aka haɗu da maciji, a cikin Latin Crocodylus porosus shine mafi girma daga duk abin da ake kasancewa. A wani suna: marine, salti, Indo-Pacific, ruwa mai kauri har ma da wani iri-iri. A cikin tsayi, wannan dodo zai iya kasancewa zuwa mita 7 ko fiye, kuma yayi nauyi zuwa tan 2. Yana da yatsun kafaɗɗun ƙasusuwa guda 2 a saman hancinsa, wannan yasa ya sami sunansa. Yawancin lokaci macijin da aka haɗu yana launin shuɗi mai launi tare da duhu duhu da ratsi a jiki da wutsiya. Tana zaune a cikin lagos na teku da kuma cikin tsibirai masu gudana a cikin teku, tare da iyakar India, Indochina, Japan, Indonesia, Australia, da Philippines. Galibi ana samunsu a cikin bakin ruwa mai nisa daga bakin tekun. Yana ciyar da kowane ganima da ya kama. A cikin ruwa, waɗannan su ne kifaye, kunkuru, dabbobin ruwa, kifayen teku, ƙwarya da sauran mazaunan ruwa na ruwa. A kan tudu waɗannan dabbobi suna zuwa wurin ruwa: tururuwa, ɓauna, boars daji, kangaroos, bears, birai da tumaki na gida, awaki, aladu, karnuka, shanu, dawakai da ba shakka ruwa ne mai kyau. Kada ku rasa lokacin da za ku kai hari kan wani wanda yake yankin sa na hannu.

Agarin kogin Nilu ko Crocodylus niloticus a Latin - na biyu mafi girma bayan yaƙin. A matsakaici, waɗannan karuwancin Afirka suna da tsayi daga mita 4.5 zuwa 5.5, kuma nauyinsu ya kai tan 1. Launin su yafi launin toka ne ko launin ruwan kasa, mai ruwan duhu a bayan da wutsiya. Wannan shine mafi tsananin tsoron dukkan jinsuna, baya hisabi tare da sauran dabbobi, koda sunada girman girma. Wannan dabbar ita kaɗai ba ta tsoron kaiwa hari, dabo, dako, rakumin zaki, zaki ko ma giwa, daga gwagwarmaya wacce kusan kullun take cin nasara.

Yawon maciji - Crocodylus palustris, wanda kuma aka sani da Indiya ko Mager. Hazo irin na Sirri ma yana da girma babba, yana iya tsawan tsayi zuwa mita 5 kuma yana kimanin kilo 500 a matsakaita. Launi launin duhu ne, launi mai narkewa. Tare da babban yass, yana kama da alligator. Mai sihiri a cikin Hindi yana nufin "dabbar ruwa", kodayake masunta na Indiya suna kiran shi ɗan fashi, saboda waɗannan karnukan mutane suna kama kifi, kuma idan ya cancanta, kai hari kan masunta da kansu. Tana zaune a Indiya da makwabtanta kasashe tare da koguna na koguna, da kuma cikin dazuzzukan daji. A lokutan fari, masu shayewa sukan shiga cikin laka mai narkewa kuma su yi hibernate kafin farkon lokacin damina. A tsibirin Ceylon, wani nau'in wannan yajin da ake kira “kimbula”, yana rayuwa. Macijin Ceylon na iya rayuwa cikin ruwan gishiri kuma ya zaɓi lagoons a gefen gabar teku. Mai matukar zafin rai kuma yakan sabawa mutane.

Makircin Amurka na Amurka (Crocodylus acutus) - wanda ya fi kowane nau'in halitta. An bayar da wannan sunan ne saboda siffar kunkuntar, siffar sikelin. Yana girma zuwa 5 m a tsayi, kuma yana ɗaukar nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 1000. Launi yawanci launin kore ne ko launin toka. Tana zaune a cikin koguna, tafkuna da fadama na Amurka ta Tsakiya, a kudu na Amurka da kuma arewacin arewacin Kudancin Amurka. Yana ciyar da akasari akan kifi, waterfowl da kunkuru. Idan abinci ya yi karanci, to yakan kaiwa dabbobi hari. Hare-hare a kan mutane ke da wuya.

Afirin Afirka-kunkuntar - Cataphractus mai kyankyasai yana da girma babba a jiki, yana zaune a cikin marshes da koguna na wurare masu zafi na Yammaci da Tsakiyar Afirka.Tsawon yau da kullun yana da mita 2.5, amma akwai kuma har zuwa mita 4. Wannan sunan ya faru ne saboda kunkuntar sutturar ta. Ba kamar sauran karnukan daji ba, an shirya faranti masu wuya a wuyansa a cikin layuka 3-4, kuma a bayan sa suna hade da sikeli, wanda ake kira shi da kaho-kamar kada. Yana ciyar da kifi da ƙananan mazaunan ruwa na ruwa. Yana gina gida daga tsire-tsire akan tudu kusa da ruwa kanta. Mun sa eggsan ƙwai, ba fiye da dozin biyu, lokacin shiryawa ya fi na sauran nau'in, yawanci kusan watanni 4. Yawan croan kunnan karkatattun mutane irin na Afirka yana faduwa saboda farautar su ba tare da kulawa ba. An yi imanin cewa ba su wuce 50,000 ba.

Can mawaƙa na Musicoc - a cikin Latin Crocodylus intermedius - daya daga cikin jinsunan da ba a saba samu ba. Ya yi kama da kawun Amurkawa mai kaifi tare da waje kuma cikin girman, tsawon ya kai har zuwa 5.2 m launi mai haske kore da launin toka mai duhu. Makarfin yana da tsawo kamar na -an kaurin afirin Afirka. Yana ciyar da yafi akan kifi da ƙananan dabbobi. A cikin fari, lokacin da ruwa a cikin koguna ya ragu, ya ɓoye cikin ɓoye a bankunan koguna da hibernates. An daɗe yana ɗaya daga cikin karuwancin da aka riga aka faɗa a Kudancin Amurka, sakamakon abin da ya kusan lalata su. Yanzu babu mutane sama da dubu ɗaya da rabi. Yana zaune ne musamman a cikin Venezuela da Columbia da kuma tsibiran da ke kusa.

Australian-kunkuntar croc - Crocodylus johnstoni, wani suna don Johnston Crocodile. Ba shi da girma babba, amma mitoci 3 a cikin tsayi da nauyi har zuwa kilo 100 suma suna da ban sha'awa, musamman tunda ya kai irin waɗannan masu girma a wani wuri har zuwa shekaru 25. Wannan kada yana da kafafu mai ƙarfi tare da manyan yatsun kafa da kunkuntar, ƙyallen maƙalali, daga inda ya sami sunan ta. Launin yafi haske launin ruwan kasa, launin duhu ya bayyana akan jiki da wutsiya. Yana ciyar da akasari akan kifi, amma kuma baya ƙin amintattun dabbobi da ƙananan dabbobi. Tana zaune a yamma da arewacin Ostiraliya a cikin koguna, tafkuna, marshes da ruwa mai kyau, don haka wani lokacin ana kiranta da tsintsiyar ruwan.

Filipino ko Mindorek kada - Crocodylus mindorensis ya sami sunan ta wurin mazauninsa, waɗannan sune tsibirin Philippine kuma musamman tsibiran Mindoro, Negros, Samar, Buzuang, Jolo, Luzon. Macijin ɗan ƙaramin girma ne a cikin girma, ba ya wuce mita 3 ba tsayi. Mucks yana da faɗi sosai, wani abu mai kama da na New Guinea. Launi mai launin toka ne tare da ratsi mai duhu mai duhu akan jiki da wutsiya. Yana zaune a cikin ruwa mai tsarkak :wa: a cikin tabkuna, tafkuna, tafkuna, fadama. Wasu lokuta yakan canza wurin zama kuma ya tafi gabar teku. Yawancin lokaci yana aiki da dare, da rana ana bin sa a wuraren da ba kowa. Yana ciyar da kifi, ƙananan invertebrates, waterfowl da ƙananan dabbobi suna zuwa wurin shayarwa. An dauke shi wani nau'in da ba kasafai ba ne, a dabi'a akwai 'yan ƙalilan kaɗan, kuma tun daga 1992 aka jera shi cikin littafin Red.

Tsarin Amurka ta Tsakiya, Karin Karin, Latin Crocodylus moreletii. Sunan kanta tayi magana game da mazauninta, wanda aka rarraba a cikin kasashen tsakiyar Amurka: Mexico, Guatemala, Belize. Daidaitaccen bayyanar matsakaici, matsakaicin tsawon kimanin mita 3. Launi mai launin toka ne, wani lokacin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, ratsi mai duhu akan akwati da wutsiya, ciki ya fi sauki. Bambanci daga wasu nau'in shine cewa fata tana da ƙananan farantin keratinized, suna kan galibi akan wuyan da ke sama, ciki ba shi da wannan kariyar kwata-kwata, saboda haka ana kiranta macijin mai rayuwa mai laushi. Yawan jama'a iyakantacce, a yanayi akwai dubun dubata.

Sabuwar Guinean Oya ko Crocodylus novaeguineae, wata nau'in halittar da ba kasafai ba ce, a halin yanzu tana zaune ne a tsibiran Papua New Guinea da Indonesia. Wannan macijin ne mai matsakaici, tare da matsakaicin tsawon kimanin 3.5, da mace har zuwa mita 2.7. Da ɗan kama da ɗan'uwan Siamese. Mucks kunkuntar, dan kadan elongated. Launi mai launi tare da ratsi mai duhu akan jiki da wutsiya. Yana zaune ne kawai a cikin ruwa mai tsarkakakke, ya fi son yankunan da ke fama da matsala. Wannan wani kaso ne da ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, wanda aka kunna shi a maraice. Abincin galibi kifi ne, tsuntsayen, kananan dabbobi da kuma dusar ƙanƙara da duk abin da zai iya cin nasara. Yakan yi barci a wuraren da ba kowa a cikin rana. Fata na wannan nau'in baya cikin buƙatu na musamman, saboda haka yawan jama'a sun tabbata a cikin mutane 100,000, kodayake an jera shi a cikin littafin Red.

Hayancin Cuban - Crocodylus rhombifer, matsakaici da ƙarami a girma. Tsawon yau da kullun ya kai mita 2.5 a tsayi kuma nauyinsa ya kai 40 kg. Akwai kimanin mita 3.5 a tsayi kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilo 200. A shekara ta 1880, an kama samfurin mai tsawon mita 5.3. A cikin yanayi na rayuwa, yana zaune a Cuba a cikin rafin yanki na kiyaye yankin Zapata Peninsula da kuma tsibirin Isla de la Huventud. Dukda cewa ita karama ce, amma ana daukar ta mafi zalunci a cikin dukkan jinsuna. Yana da babban lalata da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ya kai kilo 2,000. Yana ciyar da duk abinda zai iya kamawa ya shawo kansa. Yana bugun mutane da wuya, amma koyaushe yana farautar dabbobin gida, saboda kodayake shi ɗan dabba ne na dabba, yana ciyar da lokaci mai yawa akan ƙasa. Wani fasalin wannan kada shine ikon tsalle daga ruwa. Yawancin lokaci yakan faru cewa karnukan Kuba suna tsalle daga cikin ruwa sun kama ƙananan dabbobi ko tsuntsaye daga rassan bishiyoyi.

Yawa Siamese - Crocodylus siamensis, nau'in sikelin. Tsawon saba 3 mita, matsakaicin 4 mita. Yawan nauyin maza ya kai kilogiram 350, kuma mace bata wuce kilo 150 ba. Bayan haka, wasu lokuta suna hada kai da cocodiles masu rikitarwa sannan kuma girman waɗannan halittun suna da girma. Kwakwallan Siamese suna kama da waɗanda ake kama su, musamman matasa. Launinsu launin kore-zaitun ne, kuma duhu duhu kuma ana samunsu. Suna ciyar da kifi, kifin kifin, dabbobi masu rarrafe, kananan dabbobi da tsuntsaye. Gidajen ƙasar Indochina: Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, wanda aka samo a Malaysia. Gwanayen Siamese masu haɗarin haɗari, waɗanda aka jera su cikin Littafin Layi. Yanzu babu fiye da dubu 5, idan aka tabbatar da cewa a cikin Kambodiya ana birne su a wuraren kiwon lafiya.

Afirka Dwarf Yaro - Osteolaemus tetraspis, wani suna don karkataccen kada, mafi ƙanƙancin halittu a duniya. Tsawon mita 1.5 kawai. Tana zaune a Tsakiyar da Yammacin Afirka, a cikin ramuka masu zafi da koguna. Yana ciyar da kifi, kwaɗi, ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, katantanwa har ma da kwari ko ƙwayar cuta. Saboda ƙaramin girman sa, wannan macijin yakan zama mai saurin kamuwa da wasu masu tsinkaye, amma, idan aka kwatanta shi da wasu nau'in, yana da kyakkyawan kariya daga farantan ossified a bangarorin, wuya da wutsiya. Sakamakon rashin isa ga yankuna inda wannan nau'in karnukan daji ke, ana karance shi. Amma, kamar yadda aka sani, ana farautarsa ​​koyaushe, kamar yadda fatarsa ​​da namansa suke cikin tsananin buƙata. Kodayake, a cewar rahotanni na kwanan nan, ba a fuskantar barazanar lalata Afirka ba.

Mississippi kada - lat. Ba a son alligator mississippiensis ko kuma wani baƙar fata na baƙi, babban nau'in halittu masu rarrafe daga keɓaɓɓen dangin alligators. Ya kai girman har zuwa 4.5 m a tsayi kuma nauyin jikinsa ya kai kilogiram 400. Ya bambanta da kada a cikin cewa kawai zai iya rayuwa cikin ruwa mai tsabta kuma yana iya jure sanyi da sauƙi. Tana zaune a cikin koguna, tafkuna da tafkunan Arewacin Amurka galibi a kudancin Amurka. Yana ciyar da kifi, kunkuru, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye da kananan dabbobi da ke zaune kusa da ruwa ko kuma zuwa wurin shayarwa: nutria, raccoons, muskrats, da dai sauransu. Manyan dabbobi da mutane ba sa kaiwa hari. Shekaru da yawa, an ɓoye alligators na Mississippi akan gonaki na musamman don fata da nama. Ana samun farin farin cikin sau ɗaya tsakanin wannan nau'in.

Siffofin kasar Sin - Alligator sinensis ya fi ƙarancin ɗan takwaransa na Amurka. Matsakaicin tsayin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe shine 2 tare da ƙaramin mita, mace har zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi. Tana ciyar da kifi, kifin kifi, macizai, ƙananan dabbobi, tsuntsaye. Iyakar wurin da wannan nau'in yake rayuwa ita ce Kogin Yangtze da ke Sin. Wannan nau'in halitta ce da ba a taɓa samu ba, kusan mutum ta hallaka gaba ɗaya. A vivo, akwai ɗaruruwan mutane ɗari. Kwanan nan, masu ba da labari na kasar Sin sun fara farawa kan gonaki na musamman don dalilai na kasuwanci don samo shinge da nama. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe sune mafi kwanciyar hankali ga kowane nau'in karnuka, zasu iya kai hari ga mutum kawai don kariya.

Black cayman ko Melanosuchus niger - ɗayan mafi girma. Girman jikin namiji zai iya kaiwa 5.5 m, kuma nauyin 500 kilogiram. kuma mafi. Kamar duk mutanen biranen caim, akwai wadatar fata a jikin kai a bayan idanun da ya banbanta su da ainihin macijin. Tana zaune a cikin tabkuna da koguna na Kudancin Amurka. Yana ciyarwa akan manyan dabbobi masu zuwa wurin shayarwa: deer, birai, armadillos, otters, dabbobi da sauransu. Ba ya ƙin kifi, gami da mashahurin piranha, wanda ba ya jin tsoronsa, saboda godiya ga harsashi mai ɗorewa da aka yi da sikelin ma'auni. Yana jagorantar rayuwa mara kyau, amfanin hangen nesa mai kyau na dare, kuma launi mai duhu shine kyakkyawan tsari. Akwai rikodin yawan hare-hare a kan mutane.

Cayman kada, a cikin Latin Caiman crocodilus ko kuma abin kallo shine caiman ɗan ƙanƙane a cikin girman. Tsawon jikin mutum na yau da kullun ya kai 2 m kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 60. Yana da wulakantaccen wulakanci da takamaiman girman kashi tsakanin idanu masu kama da tabarau. Tana zaune a kowane jikin ruwa na Amurka ta Tsakiya, a Mexico, a Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Panama, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guyana, Jamhuriyar Dominican, Guatemala da Bahamas. Yana ciyar da akasari akan kifi, katako da kifin kifi. Wani lokacin yakan kai hari boars daji, wasu caimans har ma da anaconda. Kodayake kusan sau da yawa su da kansu suna fadawa ga masu farautar: baƙar fata, baƙi da manyan dabbobi. Mafi yawan nau'ikan yawan jama'a.

Wide Cayman a cikin Latin, Caiman latirostris matsakaici ne mai girman gaske, yawanci kadan kan mita 2, launin kore-zaitun a launi kuma yana da faifan jawani, wanda ya samo sunan sa. Tana zaune a cikin koguna da mashigar ruwa a tekun Atlantika na ƙasashe da yawa na Kudancin Amurka, a Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia. Galibi ana samunsu a tafkuna a kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Yana ciyar da yafi akan kifi, katantanwa, mollusks. Caaƙƙarfan ƙwayar fata suna kama kunkuru da kyan gani na capybara.

Fatar fatiman da ke da fuska-da-fuska tana da bukatar gaske, sabili da haka, sakamakon farautar namun daji a karni na karshe, an kashe yawancin su. Koyaya, saboda rashin daidaituwa na mazaunanta, yawan jama'a ya rayu, an yi imanin cewa daga mutane 250,000 zuwa 500,000 na wannan nau'in yanzu suna cikin yanayin.

Paraguayyan Cayman - Caiman yacare, Yakar ko piranha cayman. Ya samu sunaye da yawa saboda dalili, wannan shine mafi yawan nau'ikan caiman da karnukan fata a gaba ɗaya. Tana zaune a ko'ina cikin wurare masu rauni, koguna da tabkuna na Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay da Bolivia. Dangane da karami, tsayin mita 2 kawai, Yakar caiman yana da hankali sosai, yana cin kifaye da yawa, katantanwa, dabbobin ruwa, kuma idan ya haye, to akwai maciji. Ba zai ki daga tsuntsaye ko kuma kananan dabbobi ba. An kira shi Piranev saboda tsari na musamman na haƙoransa, dogon haƙoran haƙoransa suna haɓaka sama da babban muƙamuƙin, wani lokacin suna yin ramuka a ciki. Abu ne mai matukar tayar da hankali, amma ana kaiwa mutum hari da wuya kuma idan kawai suka tsokani shi.

Caylan Cuffray-mai fuskar santsi - Paleosuchus palpebrosus, ɗayan ƙananan karnuka. Tsawon namiji bai wuce biyu ba, kuma mace tana da mita daya da rabi. Weight max. 20 kg. Siffa ta musamman ta kai tare da ƙanƙan daɗaɗɗen ƙwararren hancin ya bambanta ta da yawan brothersan uwansu. Koyaya, wannan yana ba shi damar amfani da rami a cikin ramuka waɗanda suke zaune. Kari akan haka, yanayin kwanyar kwanyar ya sanya sauki gare shi ya motsa koguna da koguna tare da saurin gudana cikin ruwa, yayin da suke farautar ganima: kifayen, kifayen, shrimps da sauran mazaunan koguna na Kudancin Amurka. Idan za ta yiwu, farauta da kananan dabbobin ƙasa, yakan nisanta mutane.

Schneider's Bayar Haushi ko caiman tare da shugaban triangular - Paleosuchus trigonatus. Aboki mafi kusa ga dimanf caiman Cuvier. Yana zaune a yankuna iri ɗaya kamar yadda takaddama mai ɗaukar nauyi Cuvier. Cuvier a waje ya bambanta da caiman a siffar kai, yana da siffar alwatika, kuma muck ya fi tsayi. Matsakaicin girman maza ya kai mita 1.5 zuwa 1.7, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 15, mata ma sunada karami. Abinci, abinci da rayuwa iri daya ne a gare su.

Gavial ko Gavialis gangeticus - wakilin dangin gavial ne na umarnin kada. Wata dabba mai rarrafe, iri ɗaya kamar zahiri, amma tana da wasu bambance-bambance. Gavial yana jagorantar rayuwar rayuwar ruwa na ruwa, da wuya akan ƙasa, mafi yawan lokuta kawai don kwanciya ƙwai. Wannan nau'in manya ne manya-manya, wanda ya girma zuwa tsawon mita 6. Yawancin lokaci gavial mai launin shuɗi-mai-ruwan kasa, ciki ya ɗan fi sauƙi. An rarrabe shi da karye ta hanyar maimaitaccen ƙuƙwalwa, wani abu mai kama da riƙon maƙiyin prehistoric. Dogayen ja haƙoran da suka dace sun dace da kamun kifi, wanda shine babban abin da ake samu game da gavial, kodayake bai ƙi sauran mazaunan teku ba. Manyan gavials wani lokaci sukan kaiwa ƙananan dabbobi hari. Gidajen India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar. A cewar su, a Bhutan an lalata su gaba daya. Yanzu an dauki gavial a matsayin dabba mai saurin magana kuma an jera shi a cikin Littafin Rubutu.

Yawaita Gavial, a cikin Latin Tomistoma schlegelii, mafi kusa kuma dangi ne na gavial. A cikin da'irar kimiyya, ana kuma kiranta pseudogavial, ko gavial na ƙarya. Ya yi kama da na juzu'i. Tana da makamancin silima iri ɗaya a cikin kunkuntar, mai tsananin rauni, ya fi guntu fiye da na ainihin giwa. Hakanan suma kadan ne girman su kuma launinsu yafi duhu. Ana iya ganin raunin baƙar fata a jiki da wutsiya. Kuma ta hanyar rayuwa suna da yawa bisa tushen ƙasa, galibi suna ciyar da lokaci akan ƙasa. Saboda haka, abincinsu abinci ne mai fadi. Baya ga kifi, suna farin cikin kama da cinye birai, aladu, masu sanya ido, mashaya da manyan manya, kamar kwari da barewa. Kada ku guji kunkuru da macizai. A takaice, suna yin kama da karnuka na gaske. Tana zaune a Indonesia, Malaysia, a tsibiran Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Borneo. A baya an samo su a Vietnam da Thailand, amma tun 1970 ba a gan su ba a can. Hare-hare a kan mutane mutane ne sosai rare lokuta. Saboda kunkuntar makarkashiyar, ana ganin taurin gulma a matsayin wata halitta mai hadari ga mutane, amma akwai ingantattun bayanai na kai hari kan mutane a shekarar 2009 da 2012. Wataƙila, wannan shine sakamakon cin zarafin mazauninsu da kuma raguwa cikin abubuwan da suka saba ci.

Duk irin yadda matsalar luwadi ta kasance, a cikin tsinkayen mafi yawan 'yan majalisunmu wadanda basu same su ba a cikin yanayin halitta, wannan wata dabba ce cikakke. Da kyau, mafarauta, wancan ne. Babu 'yan kaddara a cikin duniya, da kyarkeci da beyar, kuma karnukan farauta ɗaya ba za su ƙi ɗanɗano sabon naman zirin da aka ci ba. Kari akan haka, kada mawuyacin hali yake a cikin littattafai da fina-finai. Don haka gwarzo na Paul Hogan a cikin fim wanda Peter Fyman ya jagoranta "Dundee mai suna" Crocodile "ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Globe a gaba ɗaya wanda ya jawo hankalin masu sauraro, wanda ke nuna yadda mutane suke nesa da maciji da sha'awar su.

Amma godiya ga wasu marubutan Rashanci da daraktoci da yara, an gano crocodile tare da kyawawan halayen abokantaka da ƙwararrun masaniyar Crowarar Mashahuri daga Moidodyr ko The Crocodile Gena. Da kyau, haka ne, amma don bayyana wa yara cewa a zahiri shi ya fi kyau kar a kusanci wannan katako mai ɗan koren ganye har yanzu yana da amfani.

Yaɗa

Karen macijin maciji ya fi kowane irin rarrabawa kama: an samo shi ne daga Belize, Guatemala da Mexico zuwa Peru, Bolivia da Brazil. Biyan kuɗi C. c. fusi wanda aka gabatar a Cuba, Trinidad da Tobago, Jamhuriyar Dominican da Puerto Rico. Wannan ma'aikacin lafiyar ya yarda da ruwan gishiri, wanda ya ba shi damar matsawa zuwa wasu tsibiran da ke kusa da babban yankin, wadanda suka hada da Aruba, St. Martin, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Bahamas, Trinidad da Tobago.

Abinci mai gina jiki

Babban abincin wannan caiman shine mollusks, crabs freshwater, amphibians, ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kifi. Manyan maza na wasu lokuta kan iya kai hari a kan babbar hanya, gami da dabbobi masu shayarwa - alal misali, aladu na daji ko dabbobi masu rarrafe kamar dabbobi. Cutar cannibalism an san su. Gabaɗaya, macen maciji shine ƙaddara mai dacewa tare da abinci mai sauƙin sauyawa.

Caimans muhimmiyar haɗi ce a cikin tsarin ilimin dabbobi na Kudancin Amurka, idan ana kuma rage yawan adadin kifayen su.Hakanan suna tsara adadin piranhas a cikin koguna, duk da cewa ba su bane irin waɗannan kwararrun a cikin cin abincin piranhas kamar, misali, Yakar caimans.

Matsayin jama'a

Saboda garkuwar osteoderm na ciki, fata na ƙarancin caiman ba shi da kyau don sarrafawa, fata kawai a bangarorin sun dace da miya. Sun fara farautar wadannan 'yan biranen a hankali, akasari bayan wargajewar a shekarun 1950s. wasu nau'ikan crocodiles. Fata Caiman galibi ana kashe shi azaman alligator, haka kuma na biyun, ana samun sintirin caim akan gonaki. Duk da farauta da tarkon wadannan dabbobin, a yawancin wuraren yawan jama'arsu suna da kwanciyar hankali saboda karbuwarsu sosai, gushewar wasu nau'ikan karnukan da mutane, da kuma karuwar fannin wuraren ajiyar dabbobi.

An ƙunshi karwancin Italiya a cikin Shafi na II (ragi) C. c. apaporiensis - cikin Shafi na 1) na Babban taron CITES. Nau'in kare ne a cikin Ecuador, Mexico da Venezuela, farauta yana iyakance a cikin Colombia da Panama.

Biyan kuɗi

3 sanannun jari an san su:

• Caiman crocodilus apaporiensis — Cafis na Apaporis , yana zaune a kudu maso gabashin Kolombiya a saman Kogin Apoporis. Kunshe cikin Shafi I na Babban taro na CITES. Ba a san madaidaicin yawan jama'ar ba, Kimanin kusan. Dabbobi 1000.
• Caiman crocodilus - Kolombiya, Peru, wani yanki na Amazonia (Brazil).
• Caiman karwan yana magana gama gari a ko'ina cikin yankin, yawan jama'a ya wuce mutum 100,000. An gabatar da Cuba da Puerto Rico.

Wasu lokuta ana bambanta ƙananan sigogi na huɗu - C. c. chiapasius Boucurt, 1876.