Sunan Latin: | Scolopax rusticola |
Sunan Turanci: | Ana yin karin bayani |
Masarauta: | Dabbobi |
Nau'i: | Chordate |
Class: | Tsuntsaye |
Kamewa: | Alamar Haraji |
Iyali: | Dankano |
Kyau: | Katako |
Tsayin jiki: | 33-38 cm |
Tsawon tsawon: | Ana yin karin bayani |
Wingspan: | 55-65 cm |
Weight: | 210-460 g |
Bayanin Bird
Hoton katako
Woodcock babban sandpiper ne da ke da m jiki da kuma katako mai tsayi madaidaiciya. Tsawon jikin tsuntsu ya kasance daga 33 zuwa 38 cm, fuka-fukin fulawa ne 55-65 cm, nauyin yana daga 210 zuwa 460 g. Gaskiya yawanci mai launin shuɗi ne a launi, tare da baki, launin toka ko ja mottles a saman. Harshen tummy mai haske ne, cream ko launin rawaya-mai launin shuɗi, wanda aka yi wa ado da ratsi mai launin baƙi. Wannan launi wani tsari ne mai kama da tsuntsu tsakanin ciyawar da ta gabata. Woodcock baki yana madaidaiciya, cylindrical, har zuwa 7-9 cm tsayi. Idanun suna da girma, kuma kallon madauwari tsuntsu ya kasance 360 °. Wani santsi mai duhu mai duhu yana gudana tsakanin gindi da idanu. A kan kai, haske ɗaya da biyu ratsi na tsaye tsinkaye kuma ana ganin su daga sama. Fuka-fukan suna da fadi, gajeru, jirgin yayi kama da mujiya. Orarancin Jima'i ba halayyar su bane, kuma a cikin samarin tsuntsaye tsarin tsarin fikafikai kawai ya ɗan bambanta.
Abin da ke ci
Woodcocks gaba ɗaya suna ciyar da tsutsotsin ƙasa, saboda haka tsuntsaye suna buƙatar wuri tare da kyakkyawan humus na humus a cikin ƙasa su rayu. Itace katako ya hada da kwari da tsutsayensu (gwoza, earwigs, millipedes), gizo-gizo da sawun kwari a cikin abincinsu. Hakanan yana iya ciyar da ciyarwar tushen shuka: tsaba na hatsi, masara, albarkatu daban-daban, harbe ciyawa, berries. A yayin ƙaura, bivalves da crustaceans sun zama ganimar katako.
Woodcock yakan tafi girbi da yamma ko da dare, zuwa makiyaya ko kuma gefen wani fadama kusa da gandun daji. Domin samun tsutsa ko tsutsa, tsuntsu yakan shiga gemunsa kai tsaye cikin kasar. Ingsarshen jijiya a ƙarshensa yana kama motsi a ƙasa kuma yana taimakawa katako ya samo abinci.
Bird yadawo
Woodcock mazaunin shi ne gandun daji da yanki na Eurasia, yana daga tsaunukan Pyrenees a yamma har zuwa gabar tekun Pacific a gabas. Ban da babban yankin, an rarraba tsuntsu a cikin Canary, Azores da British Isles, a tsibirin Madeira, a Japan.
Migratory tsuntsu ko a'a
Mafi yawa daga katako na itace ƙaura ne. Woodcocks hunturu a yamma da kudu na Turai, a arewacin Afirka, a Iran, Afghanistan, India, Ceylon da kuma kasashen Indochina. Kawai tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a tsibiran a cikin Tekun Atlantika da kuma ƙasashen bakin teku na Yammacin Turai ke kwance cikin wahala.
Hijira ta kaka tana faruwa yayin lokacin sanyi na farko kuma tana faruwa a yankuna daban-daban daga Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba. Kafin hijira, halayyar “fashewar” halayyar ta bayyana ne yayin da katako ya bayyana a wuraren da ba a da farko ba. Hijira ta bazara na faruwa a farkon watan Fabrairu. A ƙarshen Maris ko tsakiyar Mayu, tsuntsaye sukan tashi zuwa wuraren da suke zaune. Yawancin tsuntsayen sun koma wuraren da aka haife su.
Woodcocks gida a cikin m deciduous ko cakuda gandun daji, inda kasar gona ne m kuma akwai m undergrowth na raspberries, hazel, Holly holly, dutse, blueberries, ferns. Babu da nisa daga wuraren da ake fara ciyawa akwai yakamata ya zama karamin kandami tare da gefen gabar ruwa, inda tsuntsaye suke neman abinci, da gefuna bushewa don nishaɗi.
Amurka Woodcock (Scolopax qananan)
Tsuntsu yana da jiki mai zagaye, gajerun kafafu, babban kai zagaye, da beads madaidaiciya. Tsawon jiki daga 25 zuwa 30 cm, saurin manya 140-230 g. Mace sun fi maza girma.
Umwaya yana da launi, yana haɗa launin ruwan kasa, launin toka da baki. A kan nono da gefuna ya canza daga fari zuwa launin fari zuwa tagulla. Nape na launin baƙar fata, wanda aka yi wa ado da launuka uku ko huɗu na launin shuɗi. Kafafu suna ƙanana, mai rauni, launin ruwan kasa-launin toka-shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi.
Tsarin jinsin ya zama ruwan dare a gabashin Arewacin Amurka.
Woodcock yaduwa
Woodcocks suna samar da nau'i-nau'i kawai tsawon lokacin kiwo. Bayan ƙarshen dare frosts, a cikin bazara, tsuntsu ya fara lokacin toxing, wanda ke nuna kanta a cikin jirgin sama na daskarewa na dare. Maza sun fi yin aiki bayan faɗuwar rana da gabanin tsakar dare, da kuma kafin wayewar gari. A lokaci guda, maza sukan tashi a hankali, suna runtse ido, a saman ƙwanƙolin bishiyoyi kuma suna “kuka”, suna sautin karin waƙoƙi mai ƙarewa wanda ke ƙare da babbar murya, “chucking”. Irin wannan toxing yana farawa a cikin rabin na biyu na Afrilu kuma yakan kasance har zuwa tsakiyar Mayu ko farkon lokacin bazara. Yayin tafiyar namiji a doron ƙasa, cikin ɓarna, kwalliya, daɗi da gefuna, mata suna jiransu. Idan hanyoyin jirgin maza masu katako suka shiga tsakani, to yaƙe-yaƙe yakan faru. Jin abin da mace ta amsa ya yi kuwwa a cikin ciyawa, namiji ya gangaro mata da ma'aurata sun yi kwanaki da yawa. Bayan ma'aurata, namiji yakan bar mace har abada kuma zai fara neman sabuwar abokiyar zama. A lokacin haila, namiji yana da mace 3-4.
Ga gida, macen katako ta zaɓi wani yanki makaho na gandun daji. Gida shine rami a cikin ƙasa, a ƙarƙashin wani daji ko a cikin rassan da suka faɗi, waɗanda tsuntsaye suka layi tare da ganyen bara, allura, ciyawa, gansakuka. Girman diamita na tray ya kai 15 cm, kauri daga cikin zuriyar dabbobi ya kasance daga 20 zuwa 30 mm.
A cikin ɗayan huɗa akwai launin ruwan hoda 4 masu launin ruwan hoda ko rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da launin toka-toka da launin toka da ƙwayaye mai launin fari. Idan ka rasa masonry na farko, mace tayi na biyu. Lokacin shiryawa yana daga kwanaki 22 zuwa 24. A wannan yanayin, mace ta fita daga gida kawai idan akwai haɗari na gaggawa.
Ana haihuwar kyankyasai cikin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da manyan launin toka-shuɗi da launin ruwan kasa na fuka-fukan sauka. Idan maharbi ya bayyana kusa da gida, to macen tayi kururuwa kuma ta dauke shi daga gida. Tsawon kwanaki 10 na rayuwa, gashin fuka-fukan suna bayyana a cikin kajin, sun fara shawo kansu, kuma yayin da suka kai makonni 3 sai su zama fikafikan.
Muryar katako
Woodcocks tsuntsaye ne masu shuru, banda lokacin matsewar, lokacin da ake canjin dabbar, namiji yakan fita karasa, amma sautin a sama, wanda mafarautan suke kira "suna kuka". A ciki, kwalliyar 3-4 na hoarse yana ƙare da sautin "cyc-cyc" wanda za'a iya jin shi daga nesa zuwa 300 m. Mace tana bin abokan hamayyarsa da kukan “plip-plip-pis”.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa game da tsuntsu
- Sunan Rasha shine "katako" daga asalin Jamusawa kuma a zahiri ana fassara shi da "sandpiper daji". Hakanan, an san tsuntsu da suna Boron Sandpiper, Red Sandpiper, Pike, Harebird, Birch, Boletus.
- Idanun Woodcock suna gefen bangarorin kai domin kusurwar kallon tsuntsun ya kusan 360 °.